WATER POLLUTION

Submitted to : Sumaiya Mukadam

MMS 2Nd Year DIV C

TEAM

Team Member

Roll No

ASAD ALI ATTARWALA

06

AAMER SHAIKH

38

ASIF SHAIKH

43

TAUSEEF SHAIKH

45

TAHIR SHAIKH

45

ZIAUL HAQUE SIDDIQUI

50

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Perseverance, Inspiration and Motivation have always played a key role in the
success of any venture. So hereby its our pleasure to record thanks and
gratitude to the people involved.
Firstly, we thank Prof. Sumaiya Mukadam for his continuous support,
stimulating suggestion and helping us all the time during our project.
Special thanks go to our whole team and friends who were always ready to
listen and give advice.
Finally, thanks to the Director of our Management Institute Mr. Lukman
Patel and the entirefaculty for being so supportive.

Thanks To All..

WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision
of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has
been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and
that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 580 people in
India die of water pollution related illness every day. Around 90% the water in the cities of China
is polluted, and as of 2007, half a billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water. In
addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed
countries also continue to struggle with pollution problems. For example, in the most recent
national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47% of
assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bays and estuarine square miles were classified as
polluted. The head of China's national development agency said in 2007 that one quarter the
length of China's seven main rivers were so poisoned the water harmed the skin.
Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and
either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked shift in its
ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such
as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality
and the ecological status of water.

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

Toxic Substance -- A toxic substance is a chemical pollutant that is not a naturally occurring
substance in aquatic ecosystems. The greatest contributors to toxic pollution are herbicides,
pesticides and industrial compounds
Thermal Pollution -- Thermal pollution can occur when water is used as a coolant near a power
or industrial plant and then is returned to the aquatic environment at a higher temperature than it
was originally. Thermal pollution can lead to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen level in the
water while also increasing the biological demand of aquatic organisms for oxygen.
Organic Substance -- Organic pollution occurs when an excess of organic matter, such as
manure or sewage, enters the water. When organic matter increases in a pond, the number of
decomposers will increase. These decomposers grow rapidly and use a great deal of oxygen
during their growth. This leads to a depletion of oxygen as the decomposition process occurs. A
lack of oxygen can kill aquatic organisms. As the aquatic organisms die, they are broken down
by decomposers which leads to further depletion of the oxygen levels. A type of organic
pollution can occur when inorganic pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphates accumulate in
aquatic ecosystems. High levels of these nutrients cause an overgrowth of plants and algae. As
the plants and algae die, they become organic material in the water. The enormous decay of this
plant matter, in turn, lowers the oxygen level. The process of rapid plant growth followed by
increased activity by decomposers and a depletion of the oxygen level is called eutrophication.
Ecological Pollution -- Ecological pollution takes place when chemical pollution, organic
pollution or thermal pollution are caused by nature rather than by human activity. An example of
ecological pollution would be an increased rate of siltation of a waterway after a landslide which
would increase the amount of sediments in runoff water. Another example would be when a large
animal, such as a deer, drowns in a flood and a large amount of organic material is added to the
water as a result. Major geological events such as a volcano eruption might also be sources of
ecological pollution.

CAUSES

Dumping of industrial wastes, containing heavy metals, harmful chemicals, by-products, organic
toxins and oils, into the nearby source of water is one of the visible causes of water pollution.
Another cause for the contamination of water is the improper disposal of human and animal
wastes.
Effluents from factories, refineries, injection wells and sewage treatment plants are dumped into
urban water supplies, leading to water pollution.
A number of pollutants, both harmful and poisonous, enter the groundwater systems through rain
water.
The residue of agricultural practices, including fertilizers and pesticides, are some of the major
sources of water pollution.
Untreated pollutants are drained into the nearest water body, such as stream, lake or harbor,
causing water pollution.
Another major source of water pollution comprises of organic farm wastes. When farm land,
treated with pesticides and fertilizers, is irrigated, the excess nitrogen and poisons get mixed into
the water supply, thereby contaminating it.
Pathogens, sediments and chemical pollutants are other sources of water pollution.
The corporeal wastes produced by humans and farmed organisms pollute rivers, lakes, oceans
and other surface waters.

EFFECTS
A number of waterborne diseases are produced by the pathogens present in polluted water,
affecting humans and animals alike.
Pollution affects the chemistry of water. The pollutants, including toxic chemicals, can alter the
acidity, conductivity and temperature of water.
Polluted municipal water supplies are found to pose a threat to the health of people using them.
As per the records, about 14000 people perish or incur various communicable diseases due to
the consumption of contaminated drinking water.
The concentration of bacteria and viruses in polluted water causes increase in solids suspended
in the water body, which, in turn, leads to health problems.
Marine life becomes deteriorated due to water pollution. Lethal killing of fish and aquatic plants
in rivers, oceans and seas is an aftereffect of water contamination only.
Diseases affecting the heart, poor circulation of blood and the nervous system and ailments like
skin lesion, cholera and diarrhea are often linked to the harmful effects of water pollution.
Carcinogenic pollutants found in polluted water might cause cancer.
Alteration in the chromosomal makeup of the future generation is foreseen, as a result of water
pollution.
Discharges from power stations reduce the availability of oxygen in the water body, in which
they are dumped.
The flora and fauna of rivers, sea and oceans is adversely affected by water pollution.

PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION

Bringing Awareness
Measure 1 is bringing awareness among people. So people must be against of dumping wastes
and sewage in to fresh water. They must force the government to go for an alternate way like
treating the sewage before dumping. And people who dump wastes must be penalised
Leakages from Drainage Pipe Lines
Leakages from drainage pipe lines must be avoided. If this enters fresh water it causes water
pollution. So leakages must be avoided by repairing immediately.
Industrial Wastes
Industrial wastes are the main cause of water pollution. They often dump all these wastes in to
nearby lakes or rivers. So government must pass strict orders not to dump wastes in to rivers.
They must be provided with other options like treatment of that wastes before dumping.
DONT Use too much Pesticides
Farmers must take care and see that they don't use too much pesticides. This will prevent runoffs
of the material into nearby water sources.
Avoid Paint and Petroleum to Sinks
Do not throw paints or petroleum products in to your toilets or sinks. Since paints and petroleum
products cannot be treated they should not be dumped i to sewage water as it results in long
lasting effects.
Avoid Oil Spills in Oceans
Oil spills in ocean are one of the major contributors of water pollution. So ships must transport
oil only when weather conditions are good. During storms ships must not be allowed to transport
oil which might result in shipwrecks and eventually oil spills.

CONCLUSION

I think that we have to change our habits because the water is a natural resource very important
and if we follow the same way till now, one day maybe our sons woke up and they wont have
water to drink.