Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.

Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

[SPECILISATION CODE: 11]
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Paper-I
(Common subject)
Principles of environmental science and engineering

Paper-II
(Choose any one subject)
Air pollution and control technologies
Ecology and ecotoxicology
Environmental biotechnology
Environmental chemistry
Environmental microbiology
Instrumental methods of analysis
Remote sensing and gis
Solid & hazardous waste management
Ecology and natural resources
Environmental pollution
Environmental impact assessment
Geographical information systems
Space geodetic techniques and gnss
Environmental ecology
Environmental pollution and treatment technologies
Water pollution and treatment techniques
Technological solutions for pollution.
Occupational health & safety
Biodegradation and bioremediation

Code
R101101

Code
R101151
R101152
R101153
R101154
R101155
R101156
R101157
R101158
R101159
R101160
R101161
R101162
R101163
R101164
R101165
R101166
R101167
R101168
R101169

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101101

PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1. Ecology, Environment and Energy Resources Principles of ecology; ecosystem-structure and
functions; biomes and biodiversity; biogeochemical cycles; environment-management and
pollution; sustainable development; energy resources-renewable and non-renewable.
2. Environmental chemistry, Environmental health and Toxicology Environmental segmentsatmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere; Chemical interactions; Toxic chemicals in environment;
Environmental health hazards; Biochemical effects- arsenic, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone and PAN, cyanide, pesticides; Measuring toxicity and Risk
assessment.
3. Water resources Pollution and Treatment processes Water resources-availability and use;
Water management and conservation; Water pollution-types, sources and Impacts; Water
pollutants-types and measurement/analysis; Water and wastewater treatment processes-primary,
secondary and tertiary treatment; Sludge treatment and disposal.
4. Air pollution and Control Technologies Air pollution-types and sources; Air pollutantsclassification and properties; Meteorological aspects of air pollution; Air pollution-sampling and
measurement; Control methods-particulate and gaseous emissions; Automobile pollution.
5. EIA, Environmental Law and Policy Concept of EIA; EIA methodologies; Impact prediction
and assessment-air, water, biological, socio-economic; Concepts of Environmental Audit;
Environmental education; Environmental Policy; Environmental Law and regulations; Citizen
participation.
6. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Waste-definition and types; Generation; Collection;
Segregation; Transport; Treatment; Disposal methods; Waste processing and management;
Creation of TSDF; Impacts of waste; Legal and administrative regulations.
7. Fundamentals of Remote sensing and GIS Maps and map reading; Basic concepts of Remote
sensing; Physics of Remote sensing; Image Interpretation-Fundamentals and Techniques; GISDefinition, components and fundamental operations; Data-collection, input and management;
Data quality; Applications to Environmental management.
8. Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Microorganisms-Diversity, growth and
nutritional requirements; Control of microorganisms-Physical and Chemical agents;
Microorganisms in industry and agriculture.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Ecology - E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition
2. Environmental Chemistry - A.K. De, New Age Intt. Pub. Co., New Delhi, 1990
3. A Text Book of Environmental - C.S. Rao, Wiley Eastern Limited., 1993
Pollution and Control
4. Water Supply and Sanitary Engg. - G.S> Birdie & J.S. Birdie, Dhanpath Raj & Sons
th

Publishers, 6 Edition, 1993

5. Waste Water Treatment - Metcalf & Eddy
6. Remote Sensing and GIS - M. Anji Reddy
7. Environmental Remote Sensing - F. Mark Danson
8. Principles of GIS for Land - Burrough P.A. Resources Assessment
9. Microbiology Pelczar Reid & Chan, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 1996

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101151

AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES

UNIT I CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF AIR POLLUTANTS:

Emission sources -major emissions from Global sources -importance of anthropogenic
sources- behaviour and fate of air pollutants- photochemical smog-effects of air
pollution-health, vegetation and materials damage in India-air pollution standards Isolation and heat balance of the atmosphere different types of terrain effects of
terrain features on atmosphere mechanical and thermal turbulence- Indoor air pollution.
UNIT II METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AIR POLLUTION DISPERSIONS I:
Temperature lapse Rates and Stability-wind velocity and turbulence-Plume behavior
dispersion of air pollutants- solutions to the atmospheric dispersion equation - the Gaussian
Plume Model..
UNIT III METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AIR POLLUTION DISPERSIONS- II:
Air pollution sampling and measurement-types of pollutant sampling and
measurement-Ambient air sampling-collection of gaseous air pollutants-collection of
particulate pollutants- stock sampling, analysis of air pollutants-sulfur dioxide- nitrogen
dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxidants and ozone- hydrocarbons-particulate matter.
UNIT IV CONTROL METHODS:
Sources- correction methods- -particulate emission control- gravitational settling
chambers-cyclone separators- fabric filters-electrostatic precipitators-wet scrubbers- -control
of gaseous emissions-adsorption by solids-absorption by liquids-combustion, condensation
control of SO2 emission desulphurization of flue gases dry methods wet scrubbing
methods. Control of sulphur dioxide emission-desulphurization of flue gases-dry
methods-wet scrubbing methods-control of nitrogen oxides-modification of operating
conditions- modification of design conditions-effluent gas treatment methods-carbon
monoxide control-control of hydrocarbons-mobile sources.
UNIT V AIR POLLUTION FROM SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES:
Portland cement plants steel mills petroleum refineries
UNIT VI VEHICULAR AIR POLLUTION I:
Genesis of Vehicular emissions-Natural Pollution- Gasification of Vehicles- Point sources
of Air Pollution from automobiles-Fuel tank, carburettor, crank case- Exhaust
emissions-Mechanism of Origin of air pollution from automobiles.
UNIT VII VEHICULAR AIR POLLUTION II:
Automobile air pollution Indian Scenario- Population and pollution loads of vehiclesAutomobile Pollution Control-Control at sources-Exhaust gas treatment devices-Alternate
fuels comparison-Thermal Reactor-Catalytic Converter- Automobile Emission ControlLegal measures.
UNIT VIII NOISE POLLUTION:

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Sources of noise pollution measurement of noise and indices effect of meteorological

parameters on noise propagation- noise exposure levels and standards noise control and
abatement measures impact of noise on human health.
Text books:
Air Pollution, H.C.V.Rao, 1990, McGraw Hill Co.
Environmental Pollution Control, C.S.Rao, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1993
Air Pollution , M.N.Rao McGraw Hill 1993.
Reference Books:
Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Samuel, J.W., 1971, Addison Wesley Publishing Co.
Air Pollution, Kudesia, V.P. International Student Edition McGram-Hill-Kosakusha
Ltd.,Tokyo.
Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution, Krishnan Khannan S.Chand & Company
Ltd.,1994
Environmental Air Analysis, Trivedi & Kudesia, Akashdeep Pub.1992
Air Pollution Control and Engineering, De Nevers, Mc Graw- Hills, 1993
Energy Technology and the Environment Atilio Bisio, Sharan Boots, Wiley Encyclopaedia
Series in Environmental Science
Noise Pollution -Vandana Pandey, Meerut Publishers,1995
Air Pollution by T.Shivaji Rao,Lavanya lata Pub. 1988.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101152

ECOLOGY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY

1. Definition and scope of ecology: Physical, chemical, environmental factors and their relation to
organisms. I ntroduction of Ecotoxicology, framework and legislation.
2. Ecosystem Ecology: Structure and function of an Ecosystem- Ecological energetic-Energy
flow in ecosystem food chain, role of producers and consumers, methods of calculating energies
in the ecosystems. Ecological adaptation- Autecology of species.
3. Major Ecosystems: Pond ecosystem-Marine ecosystem-Grassland ecosystem-Forest
ecosystem-Desert ecosystem-Cropland ecosystem-productivity of different ecosystems-primary
production in terrestrial ecosystems- secondary production.
4. Biodiversity and its conservation: Current levels of biodiversity; alpha and beta biodiversity;
extinction and endangered species; steps to preserve biodiversity; insitu and ex-situ conservation
gene banks; species conservation.
5. Environmental Pollutants: Pollutant types, Routes of uptake and modes of action,
Environmental factors modifying the activity of toxicants, Inorganic gaseous pollutants, Heavy
metals and Pesticides.
6. Ecological effects of Toxicants: Bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biomagnification and
detoxification, Molecular and physiological indicators of chemical stress - biomarkers, Enzymatic
and biochemical processes, Physiological and histological indicators, Sentinel species.
7. Toxicity Testing Methods: Toxicity evaluation methods: LC and LD , Static, renewal and
50

50

flow-through bioassay techniques, Short-term and long term exposure studies.

8. Industrial Toxicology, Epidemology and Occupational Health:
a) Industrial Toxicology: Introduction, Industrial Hygiene, Health Hazards of Industrial Pollutants
Neurotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity and Chemical Carcinogenesis;
b) Epidemology: Aim, approach, mortality, natality, morbidity, rates, ratios and measurements,
epidemiological types and methods;
c) Occupational Health: occupational environment, occupational hazards (physical, chemical,
biological, mechanical and psychological) occupational diseases physical, chemical and
biological agents, Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Anthracosis, Byrinossis, Bagassosis, Asbestosis,
Farmers lung.
TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Concepts of Ecology. E.J.Kormondey, 1984, Indian reprint 1991 Prentice Hall of India.
2. Basic Ecology, E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition.
3. Ecology & Environment, P.D.Sharma, Ashish publications, 1994.
4. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Wayne G.Landi Ming-Ho Yu.
5. Methods of Toxicology Paget G.E.
6. Pattys Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Ed.by Lewis J.Cralley, Lester V. Cralley, James
S.Bus.
7. Textbook of preventive and soil Medicine K.Park.
8. Introduction to Ecology, Paul Colinvaux, 1973. Wiley International Edition.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101153

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:
scope and Importance - Microorganisms and energy requirements of mankind - Production of
nonconventional fuels-methane (biogas), hydrogen, alcohols and algal hydrocarbons and microbial
fuel cells.
UNIT II BIOREMEDIATION:
Bioremediation, constraints, advantages and application, types of bio remediation (natural and
engineered), bio-attenuation, ex-situ & In-situ, bio-augmentation and bio-stimulation, application,
specific advantages and disadvantages of specific bioremediation technologies. Land farming,
prepared beds, biopiles, composting, bioventing, pump and treatment method, phytoremediation.
UNIT III MINING AND METAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Microbial transformation, accumulation and concentration of metals, metal leaching, extraction and
future prospects.
UNIT IV MICRO-ORGANISMS AS FOOD:
Microbial production of food (SCP), essential prerequisites for organisms to be used as SCP & as
food and feed supplements. Microbial production of flavors and food colorants probiotics &
prebiotics.
UNIT V BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Microbial control of plants, plant pests,(Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa), pathogens and
insects. Micro-organisms and microbial products.
UNIT VI INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY GENERAL ACCOUNT:
Maintenance of stock cultures, culture collection centers/microbial gene banks, inoculum build-up,
industrial substrates, design of a bioreactor, batch and continuous fermentation and solid-substrate
fermentations, Immobilization technologies.
UNIT VII MICROBIAL BIOSENSORS:
Definition, advantages and limitations, different components of a biosensor. Types of biosensors,
various transducer principles (conductometric, potentiometric, amperometric and optical detector)specific biosensors- glucose, ammonia, BOD, methane and mutagen sensors.
UNIT VIII BIOTECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES:
Intellectual property rights (IPR) and protection (IPP), patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trade marks,
GATT and TRIPS. Elements of preparation of TKDL (Traditional Knowledge Digital Library,
convention on biodiversity.
Text Books:
Elements of biotechnology, 1995. P.K.Gupta Rastogi Co.
Industrial Microbiology - Casida, Wiley Eastern publishers,1994.
Industrial Microbiology- Prescott and Dunn.
Biodegradation & Bioremediation- Martin Alexander.
Reference Books:
Biotechnology-A new industrial revolution Prentis S. Orbis Publishing Ltd., London.
Microbiology Davis, B>D., Dulbecco, R., Eisen, H.N and Ginsberg, H.S. Harper and Row
Publishers, Singapore., 1992.
Environmental Microbiology, 2000, Maier, R.M. Pepper, I.L and Gerba, C.P. Academic press.
Review articles published in current opinion in microbiology, microbiological reviews,
Advances in Microbial physiology, Bacteriological reviews etc.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101154

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY:
Stoichiometry, chemical equilibria, acid base reactions, solubility product, solubility of gases in
water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydro carbons, radio-nuclides.
UNIT II ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY:
Structure and composition of atmosphere- chemical reactions in the atmosphere- ozone chemistryCFCs- Acid rain- photochemical smog- aerosols types- production and distribution- aerosols and
radiation- temperature inversion- green house gases- global warming.
UNIT II WATER CHEMISTRY:
Water resources, hydrological cycle, physical and chemical properties of water, complexation in
natural and waste water, role of microorganisms Water pollutants- Types Sources Heavy metals
Metalloids Organic- Inorganic - Biological and Radioactive Types of reactions in various water
bodies including marine environment- Eutrophication- Groundwater Potable water.
UNIT III SOIL CHEMISTRY & SOIL COMPOSITION:
Organic & Inorganic soil, physical and chemical properties- cation exchange capacity- soil pHenvironmental properties of soils, leaching and erosion reactions with acids and basesgeochemical reactions that neutralize acidity- biological process that neutralize acidity salt affected
soils- trace metals in soils.
UNIT IV TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY:
Introduction to toxicology and toxicants- Toxicants - -Dose response relationship- Evaluation
methods-LD50, LC-50 , impact of Toxic chemicals on Enzymes - Biochemical effects of arsenic, lead,
mercury, carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides - sulphur dioxide - ozone and PAN - cyanide pesticides and Carcinogens.
UNIT V GREEN CHEMISTRY:
Principles- tools of green chemistry- alternative feed stocks starting materials, alternative reagents,
alternative solvents, alternative products and alternative catalysis.
UNIT VII GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
Introduction- ecological and carbon foot prints- carbon credits- carbon sequestration- clean
development mechanism (CDM)- polluters pay- consumerism- sustainable mining- urban
forestry- green buildings- green building practices- approaches to green computingnanotechnology and environment.
UNIT VIII CHEMISTRY APPLICATIONS IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT METHODS:
Coagulation- oxidation- H2O2, fenton, ozontion, sonication- ion exchange- adsorptionmembrane filtration.
Textbooks:
Environmental chemistry, a global perspective by Gary W. Vanloon & tephen J. Duffy- Oxford
university press.
Chemistry for environmental engineering and science- fifth edition by Clair N. Sawyer, Perry L. Me
Carty. Gene F. Parkin, Tata Megrahill edition.
Environmental Chemistry, by A. K. de, 4th ed. New age internati9onal (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.
Chemistry and the Environment, Johnson, D. O. Netterville, J. T., Wood, J. C., and James, M., 1973,
W.B. Saunders company Philadelphia.
Toxic Chemistry, health and the Environment, Lave, L. B and Upton , A.C. 1987, The Hopkins
Press Ltd., London.
Green Chemistry, Rashmi sanghi and Srivastava M. M, Narosa (2006).
Environmental Chemistry by Manhan, 7th ed., CRC press, Bo Co Raton, F. L., 2000.
Waste water engineering, treatment and reuse by Metcalf and eddy, fifth edition, Tata Mc Graw
Hill.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101155

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT I ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS:
Introduction; Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes- Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell structure, three
domains of life. General characters, important uses and harmful effects of a) Protozoa b) algae, c)
fungi, d) bacteria, e) virus.
UNIT II CLASSIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE AND IDENTIFICATION OF
MICROORGANISMS:
General Concepts of microbial taxonomy, phenetic classification, numerical taxonomy,
Phylogenetic classification-polyphasic taxonomy of prokaryotes, Ecological, Morphological,
Physiological, biochemical, genetic and molecular characterisation classification and
identification schemes..
UNIT III NUTRITION AND GROWTH OF MICROBES:
Nutritional requirements, macronutrients, micronutrients, trace metals and growth factors,
Nutrient media (selective, differential, enriched, enrichment and special purpose media) and
growth condtions, Nutritional types based on energy source, principal carbon source, electron
donor. Proto and auxotrophs, copio and oligotrophs, phago and osmotrophs. Isolation, cultivation
(aerobic & anaerobic) and preservation of microorganisms, Physiology of growth, bacterial
growth curve, methods for determining bacterial numbers, mass and cell constituents.
Exponential growth and generation time. Bacterial growth in batch and continuous culture
(chemostat and turbidostat) synchronous growth.
UNIT IV MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT:
Effects and microbial adaptations to environmental conditions Temperature, oxygen,
desiccation, extreme cold, ionic effect, osmotic pressures, radiant energy, hydrostatic pressures.
UNIT V CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS:
General concepts, Inhibition of growth and killing, sterilization and disinfection, antisepsis, and
sanitation, desirable characteristics and mode of action physical agents (moist and dry heat,
radiation and filtration), chemical agents, Classes of disinfectants: Phenol and Phenolics alcohol,
halogens (Cl2, Chloramines, B2, I2, tinctures of iodine, iodophores) surfactants (soaps and
detergents) alkylating agents (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, -propiolactone and ethylene oxide)
Heavy metals (mercury, silver and copper containing compounds). Factors affecting sterilization
and disinfection (moisture, organic matter, temperature, pH). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity.
UNIT VI BIOINDICATORS:
What are bioindicators? Plankton community as indicators of water pollution; use of diversity
index in evaluation of water quality. Determination of microbiological quality of recreational and
potable waters, indicator organisms, coliforms and E.coli, fecal streptococci, clostridia,
heterotrophic plate counts etc. lichens as air pollution indictors.
UNIT VII MICROBIAL BIOSENSORS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING:
What is a biosensor? Components, Advantages and limitations, biocatalysis based, bioaffinity
based and microorganism based biosensors; Transducers-potentiometric, conductometric,
amperometric, optical, piezoelectric, and thermoelectric based biosensors. Glucose, ammonia gas,
alcohol, BOD, methane and mutagen sensors. Applications of biosensors in environmental
monitoring.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

UNIT VIII QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN MICROBIOLOGY:

What are quality control and quality assurance? Standard operating procedures, Quality
Assurance of pre-analytical, analytical and post analytical stages of microbiological procedures.
Staff & qualifications; Quality Control of culture media,
personnel; External quality assessment and internal quality assessment.

Text books:
1)
2)
3)

Brock Biology of Microorganisms 2010, (Twelth Edition) Michael T. Madigan, John M.

Martinko and Jack Parker Prentice Hall publication.
Microbiology 2008 (Seventh edition) Lansing M Prescott, John P.Harley and Donald A.
Klein Mc Graw Hill publication.
General Microbiology (Seventh Edition) Schlegel. Cambridge University Press publisher

Reference books:
1)
2)
3)

Microbiology Davis, B>D., Dulbecco, R., Eisen, H.N and Ginsberg, H.S. Harper and Row
Publishers, Singapore., 1992.
Environmental Microbiology, 2000, Maier, R.M. Pepper, I.L and Gerba, C.P. Academic
press.
Review articles published in current opinion in microbiology, microbiological reviews,
Advances in Microbial physiology, Bacteriological reviews etc.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101156

INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION:
Type of Analytical methods Instruments for Analysis Uncertainities in Instrumental
measurements Sensitivity and detection limit for instruments.
UNIT II UV- VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY :
Introduction, the abosorption laws, measurement of spectrum, chromophores, units of
frequency and wavenumbers Absorptivity Apparent deviations from Beers law Double
beam spectrophotometer - Instrumentation Sources of radiation Detectors Photometric
accuracy Chemical applications Qualitative analysis photometric titrations.
UNIT III INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY:
Infrared spectroscopy Theory, Instrumentation & applications.
UNIT IV ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY:
AAA: Principle Instrumentation operation Interference applications.
UNIT V ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY:
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Theory, Instrumentation & applications. ICP: Flame
Photometer Principle Instrumentation Interference applications of Flame Photometry.
UNIT VI NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND XRD:
NMR theory, instrumentation, chemical shift, spin-spin couplins, applications, XRD- Bragss
equation- instrumentation and applications.
UNIT VII CHROMATOGRAPHY:
Classification, Principle and instrumentation of the thinlayer Chromatography (TLC), Gas
Chromatography (GC) and High performance liquid Chromatography.
UNIT VIII POTENTIOMETRY / CONDUCTOMETRY:
Measurement of pH, Ion selective electrode applications, Conductance measurements.
Textbook:
R.A. Day 7 A.L. Underwood, Quantitative analysis, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1985.
Skoog & West, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 1982.
Hobert H. Willard, D.L. Merrit & J.R.J.A. Dean, Instrumental methods of analysis, C.B.S
Publishers and Distributors, 1992.
Reference books:
Vogel, Textbook of quantitative inorganic analysis, 1990.
Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 1992, Mc Graw Hill
Instrumental Methodology of Analysis by Chatwal Anand, Himalaya Publishing House.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101157

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Definition of a map, types of maps, map reading, map scale, Basics of map projections. Definition,
History of Remote Sensing.
UNIT II FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOTE SENSING
Components of Remote sensing, Electromagnetic Remote sensing process- Electromagnetic
Spectrum and its characteristics. Laws governing energy interaction
UNIT III EMR ENERGY INTERACTION WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH SURFACE
Atmospheric Scattering- Rayleighs & Mies theories and Atmospheric Windows.
EMR Interaction With Earth Surface Materials -Spectral signature concepts Typical spectral
reflectance of water vegetation- soil
UNIT IV OVERVIEW OF IMAGE ANALYSIS
Basics of Visual and Digital image Interpretation-Interpretation of Satellite Imagery- Key
elements in Visual Image Interpretation- Converging Evidence- Basic character of digital imagePreprocessing, Image registration, Image Enhancements, Image classification.
UNIT V GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Introduction, definition and terminology, GIS categories, Components of GIS Fundamental
Operations of GIS, A theoretical framework for GIS. The Essential Elements of a GIS: An
overview,
UNIT VI DATA STRUCTURES
Functional Elements - Data in GIS. Data Structure Raster Data Structures, Vector Data
Structures, Comparisons between Data Structures.
UNIT VII DATA INPUT, DATA EDITING AND DATA QUALITY
Data input methods: Keyboard entry, Manual digitizing, Scanning and automatic digitizing.
Quality - Components of data quality. Accuracy, Precision and resolution, Consistency,
Completeness, Sources of error in GIS
UNIT VIII GIS DATA MANAGEMENT
GIS data file management: Simple list, ordered sequential files, Indexed files. , Database models:
Hierarchical database models Relational database models.
Textbooks:
Textbook of Remote Sensing and GIS by M. Anji Reddy
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation by T. M. Lillesand and R.W.Kiefer.
Remote Sensing in Hydrology by E. T. Engman and R. J. Curney
Geographic information Systems - A Management Perspective by Stan Aronoff
Geographic Information Systems - David Martin.
Fundamentals of GIS by Michael N. Demers

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101158

SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

UNIT I SOLID WASTE:
Definition of solid wastes types of solid wastes Sources - Industrial, mining, agricultural and
domestic Characteristics. Solid waste Problems - impact on environmental health Concepts of
waste reduction, recycling and reuse.
UNIT II COLLECTION, SEGREGATION AND TRANSPORT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTES:
Handling and segregation of wastes at source. Collection and storage of municipal solid wastes;
analysis of Collection systems. Transfer stations .
UNIT III MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Solid waste processing technologies. Mechanical and thermal volume reduction. Biological and
chemical techniques for energy and other resource recovery: composting, vermicomposting,
termigradation, fermentation. Incineration of solid wastes. Disposal in landfills: site selection,
design, and operation of sanitary landfills; Leachate and landfill gas management; landfill closure
and post-closure environmental monitoring; landfill remediation. Regulatory aspects of municipal
solid waste management.
UNIT IV HAZARDOUS WASTES:
Hazardous waste definition. Physical and biological routes of transport of hazardous substances
sources and characterization categories and control. Sampling and analysis of hazardous wastes
analytical approach for hazardous waste characterization proximate analysis survey analysis
directed analysis analytical methods.
UNIT V HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT:
Sources and characteristics: handling, collection, storage and transport, TSDF concept. Hazardous
waste treatment technologies - Physical, chemical and thermal treatment of hazardous waste:
solidification, chemical fixation, encapsulation, pyrolysis and incineration. Hazardous waste
landfills - Site selections, design and operation. Hazardous waste reduction and RecyclingRegulatory aspects of HWM.
UNIT VI BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Biomedical waste: Definition, sources, classification, collection, segregation Treatment and
disposal.
UNIT VII RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Radioactive waste: Definition, Sources, Low level and high level radioactive wastes and their
management, Radiation standard by ICRP and AERB
UNIT VIII E-WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Waste characteristics, generation, collection, transport and disposal.
Book Recommended
Hazardous waste management by Prof. Y. Anjaneyulu.
Hazardous waste management Charles A. Wentz. Second edition 1995. McGraw Hill
International.
Integrated solid waste management George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen & Sammuel A. Vigil.
Criteria for hazardous waste landfills CPCB guidelines 2000.
Environmental Science by Daniel B. Botkin and Edward A. Keller, Wiley student, 6th edition2009.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101159

ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

UNIT I CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM:
Definition, Concept of a system; Biotic, abiotic and ecological systems. structure, functions and
classification of ecosystems. Ecological pyramids.
Ecological energetic: Flow of energy through food chains and food webs; Laws of
thermodynamics; entropy, Law of tedith; ecological efficiency; food chain concentration.
Biogeochemical cycles or Nutrient Cycles: General considerations of recycling; Gaseous and
sedimentary cycles; rates of turnover and turnover time. Causes and consequences of disruption
of nutrient cycles with reference to Greenhouse gases and SOx. Hydrological cycle.
UNIT II POPULATION ECOLOGY:
Concept of a species and definition of a population. Biological and group attributes of
populations. Density, natality, mortality, migrations and growth of populations. Natural
regulation of populations. Human population explosion and its consequences.
UNIT III NATURAL RESOURCES:
Classification of natural resources, biotic resources; Renewable and non-renewable resources:
mutable and immutable resources;
Different types of resources and their natural sources.
Demographic quotient; rate of consumption and depletion. Value system, equitable resource use.
UNIT IV MINERAL AND LAND RESOURCES:
Distribution and exploitation; environmental implications of mining; strategies for conservation
of mineral resources, land evaluation and suitability, land use/land cover mapping, LU/LC for
Environmental Planning.
UNIT V ENERGY RESOURCES:
Renewable and non-renewable resources energy; Alternate and additional sources of energy;
depletion of energy resources; Conservation of energy resource; Energy use efficiency. Solar
radiation and its technological ways of harvesting; Solar collectors, photovoltaic, solar ponds;
Hydroelectric power, Tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Wind, Geothermal Energy,
Nuclear energy-fission and fusion, Hydrogen & Fuel cells.
UNIT VI BIOTIC RESOURCES:
General account of biotic resources; Genetic resources; Food, fodder, fibre, fuel, timber and
medicines. Forests and the ecological implication of depletion of forests. Concept of diversity;
causes and consequences of loss of biodiversity; conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT VII SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES:
Soil formation and soil erosion; Changes in land use and land cover pattern; conservation of soil
and nutrients.
Water resources: Distribution, exploitation, depletion of water resources; conservation of water;
water use efficiency; water poverty index.
UNIT VIII SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
Current concepts of conservation; sustainable development; Homeostasis; Ecological foot print;
Carbon foot print; consumerism.
References:
Fundamentals of Ecology by EP odum, WB Saurders & Co.
Environment and Natural Resources conservation by Trivedi R.K.
Remote sensing in Geology to Seigal, John wiely 1999

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101160

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
UNIT I INTRODUCTION:
Classification of Pollution and Pollutants, Causes, Effects and Sources of Pollution.
UNIT II AIR POLLUTION:
Primary and Secondary Pollutants, Automobile Pollution, Industrial Pollution, Ambient Air
Quality Standards, Meteorological aspects of air pollution---Temperature lapse Rates and
Stability-wind velocity and turbulence-Plume behavior dispersion of air pollutants- solutions to the
atmospheric dispersion equation - the Gaussian Plume Model ,Air pollution sampling and
measurement-types of pollutant sampling and measurement-Ambient air sampling-collection of
gaseous air pollutants-collection of particulate pollutants- stock sampling, analysis of air
pollutants-sulfur dioxide- nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxidants and ozonehydrocarbons-particulate matter.
UNIT III WATER POLLUTION:
Point and Non-point Source of Pollution, Major Pollutants of Water, Water Quality Requirement
for Different Uses, Global water crisis Issues.
UNIT IV MARINE AND NUCLEAR POLLUTION:
Misuse of International Water for Dumping of Hazardous Waste, Coastal Pollution Due to
Industrial Effluents, Nuclear Power Plants, Nuclear Radiation, Disasters and Impacts, Genetical
Disorders.
UNIT V LAND/SOIL POLLUTION:
Effects of urbanization on land degradation, Impact of Modern Agriculture on Soil, Effect on
Environment and Life sustenance, Abatement measures.
UNIT VI NOISE AND THERMAL POLLUTION:
Sources of Noise, Effects of Noise, Industrial Noise - Occupational Health Hazards, Thermal
Comforts, Heat Island Effect, Radiation Effects
UNIT VII SOLID WASTE:
Classification of Solid Waste, Factors Affecting the Solid Waste Generation, Composition and
Characteristics of Solid Waste; Collection of Solid Waste: Methods of Collection, Layout of
Collection Route, Door Step Collection Arrangement from Bulk Garbage Generators;
Transportation of Solid Waste: Transfer Stations, Segregation of Solid Waste, Methods of
Segregation.
Unit VIII E-WASTE:
Sources of generation, Effects and Control measures, Global Strategy.
Text Books:
Text book of Environmental Science and Technology by Dr. M. Anji Reddy, BS Publications,
2010.
Environmental Science- Towards a sustainable future by Richard T. Wright, PHI Learning, New
Delhi 2008.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101161

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

UNIT I CONCEPTUAL FACTS OF EIA:
Introduction, Definition and Scope of EIA, Objectives in EIA, Basic EIA Principles,
Classification of EIA: Strategic EIA (SEIA), Regional EIA, Sectoral EIA, Project Level EIA and
Life Cycle Assessment, Project Cycle, Grouping of Environmental Impacts: Direct Impacts,
Indirect Impacts, Cumulative Impacts and Induced Impacts. Significance of Impacts:
Criteria/Methodology to Determine the Significance of the Identified Impacts.
UNIT II BASELINE DATA ACQUISITION:
Environmental Inventory, Data Products and Sources: thematic data, topographical data,
collateral data and field data. Environmental Baseline Monitoring (EBM), Preliminary Study to
determine impact significance, Environmental Monitoring network Design, Monitoring Stations,
Air quality data acquisition, Water Quality data acquisition, soil data, socioeconomic data and
biological data acquision. Impact on Environmental Components: Significance of Impacts,
Criteria to determine the significance of the identified Impacts.
UNIT III PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF IMPACT STUDIES:
Conceptual Approach for Environmental Impact Studies, Proposal Development,
Interdisciplinary Team Formations, Team Leader Selection and Duties, General Study
Management, Fiscal Control.
UNIT IV OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF EIA:
Screening: Application for Prior Screening for Environmental Clearance, Screening Criteria;
Category A Projects, Category B Projects, Criteria for Classification of Category B1 and B2
Projects, Consistency with other Requirements and Siting Guidelines. Scoping: Identification of
Appropriate Valued Environmental Components(VEC), Identification of Impacts, Information in
Form 1, Structure of a Pre-feasibility Report. Public consultation: Appraisal, Decision Making,
Post-clearance Monitoring Protocol.
UNIT V METHODS FOR IMPACT IDENTIFICATION:
Background Information, Interaction-Matrix Methodologies: simple matrices, stepped matrices,
development of a simple matrix, other types of matrices, summary observations on matrices,
Network Methodologies: Checklist methodologies, simple checklists, descriptive Checklists,
summary observations on simple and descriptive Checklists.
UNIT VI PREDICTION OF IMPACTS (AIR AND WATER):
Air Environment: Basic information on air quality, Sources of Pollutants, effects of pollutions,
Conceptual approach for addressing air environment impacts, Air quality standards, Impact
Prediction, Impact significance. Water Environment: Basic Information on surface-Water
Quantity and Quality, Conceptual Approach for Addressing Surface-Water-Environment Impacts,
Identification of Surface-Water Quantity or Quality Impacts, Procurement of Relevant SurfaceWater Quantity-Quality Standards, Impact Predictions, Assessment of Impact Significance.
UNIT VII PREDICTION OF IMPACTS (NOISE, SOIL, BIOLOGICAL AND SCIOECONOMIC):
Basic Information on Noise Key Federal Legislation and Guidelines, Conceptual Approach for
Addressing Noise-Environment Impacts, Identification of Noise Impacts, Procurement of
Relevant Noise Standards and/or Guidelines, Impact Prediction, Assessment of Impact

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Significance. Soil Environment: Human Health and Society, Biological Environment: Basic
Information on Biological Systems, Conceptual Approach for Addressing Biological Impacts,
Identification of Biological Impacts, Description of Existing Biological Environment Conditions,
Procurement of Relevant Legislation and Regulations, Impact Prediction, Assessment of Impact
Significance.
UNIT VIII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP):
Case Study, identification of Impacts, EMP for Air Environment: Dust Control Plan, Procedural
Changes, Diesel Generator Set Emission Control Measures, Vehicle Emission Controls and
Alternatives, Greenbelt Development. EMP for Noise Environment, EMP for Water
Environment: Water Source Development, Minimizing Water Consumption, Domestic and
Commercial Usage, Horticulture, Storm Water Management. EMP for land Environment:
Construction Debris, hazardous Waste, Waste from temporary Labour settlements.
Text Books:
Textbook of Environmental Science & Technology by M.Anji Reddy, BS Publications, 2010
Technological guidance manuals of EIA. MoEF.
EIA by Canter

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101162

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF GIS:
Map scale, projection and symbolism. GIS - Introduction, definition and terminology,
categories, components, fundamental operations, functional elements. Data structures, data
models, GIS data, acquisition, input, storage, output generation. Data preprocessing, database
management, integrated analysis of spatial and attribute data.
UNIT II GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS:
Introduction, Defining spatial objects - point, line and area objects based on their attributes,
higher level point, line and area objects.
UNIT III MEASUREMENT:
Measuring length of linear objects, measuring polygons, measuring shape, measuring distance.
Classification Principles, Neighborhood functions, Polygonal neighborhoods, Buffers.
UNIT IV STATISTICAL SURFACES:
Surface mapping, sampling the statistical surface, Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Interpolationlinear and non-linear, uses and problems. Terrain reclassification steepness of slope, aspect,
shape or form. Discrete surfaces - dot distribution maps, choropleth maps.
UNIT V SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT:
Spatial Arrangement - Point patterns, Theissen Polygons, Area patterns, Linear patterns,
Directionality of Linear and Areal objects, Connectivity of Linear objects, Routing and
allocation.
UNIT VI OVERLAY ANALYSIS:
Cartographic overlay, point-in-polygon and line-in-polygon operations, Polygon overlay,
Automating point-in-polygon and line-in-polygon procedures in Raster, Automating Polygon
overlay in Raster, Automating vector overlay, types of overlay.
UNIT VII DATA MODELING:
The state of GIS for Environmental Problem Solving, A Perspective on the State of
Environmental Simulation Modeling, GIS and Environmental Modeling, The Role of Software
Venders in Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Cartographic Modeling, Scope of GIS
and relationship to environmental modeling, data models and data quality.
UNIT VIII INTEGRATED MODELING USING GIS:
Hydrological Modeling - water quality modeling, watershed management and modeling, saltwater
intrusion models. Land-surface-subsurface Process Modeling - pipeline alignment studies, solid
and hazardous waste disposal site selection, zoning atlas for industrial siting, environmental
information system development. Ecosystem modeling, risk and hazard modeling.
Text Books:
Fundamentals of GIS by MICHAEL N DEMERS. Published By john Wiley & Sons Inc.
Environmental Modeling with GIS, Michael F. Goodchild, Bradley O. Parks, Louis T. Stewart
Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective by Stan Arnoff.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101163

SPACE GEODETIC TECHNIQUES AND GNSS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION:
Review of Observation Techniques in Space Geodesy, Overview of the Application of the
Methods of Space Geodesy to the Relevant Research Field.
UNIT II GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM ( GNSS)I:
Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS, Description of the System, GPS/GLONASS
Signal Structure, Receivers and the Observables.
UNIT III GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM ( GNSS)II:
Orbits of GPS/GLONASS, Tropospheric and Ionospheric Refraction (Modelling and Parameter
Estimation), Data Pre-processing.
UNIT VI DIFFERENTIAL GPS:
Principles of DGPS, Real Time Kinematics, Various modes and applications of DGPS,
Enhancement of Accuracy.
UNIT V VLBI, SLR, SATELLITE ALTIMETRY, SATELLITE GRADIOMETRY, INSAR, &
DORIS:
Principals, Observables, Applications, Advantages and Weakness of the methods.
UNIT VI MONITORING OF GEODYNAMICAL PHENOMENA UTILIZING THE
METHODS OF SPACE GEODESYI:
Review of Continuum Mechanics, P- and S- Waves, A Brief Introduction to Rheology,
Lithospheric Bending, Plate Tectonics, Solid Earth Tides, Ocean and Atmospheric Loading,
Regional and Local Deformations (i.e. "Postglacial Rebound").
UNIT VII MONITORING OF GEODYNAMICAL PHENOMENA UTILIZING THE
METHODS OF SPACE GEODESYII:
Sea Level Monitoring, Modelling of the Station Coordinates and Velocities, Determination of
Earth Rotation Parameters, Realisation of Global, Inertial Reference Frames, Approximation for
a Tectonic Model based on strain-/stress-analysis.
UNIT VIII APPLICATIONS OF GNSS:
Advantages and Limitations of GNSS, Development of GPS to GNSS.
Reference Books:
Hoffman-Wellenhof, B. H. Lichtenegger, and J. Collins, Global Positioning System: Theory and
Practice, Springer, New York, 1997
Rotacher, M., and L., Mervart (Editors), Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0, Astronomical
Institute, University of Bern, 2001
P.J.G. Teunissen, A. Kleusberg (Eds.) GPS for Geodesy Springer, Heidelberg, 1998
Mohinder S. G., Lawrence R. W., Angus P. A., Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation,
and Integration, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001
Jekeli, C., Inertial Navigation Systems with Geodetic Applications, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin,
2001
Turcotte, D.E., Schubert, G., Geodynamics, second edition John Wiley, New York, 2002
Lambeck, K., Geophysical Geodesy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988
Global Geodetic Observing System
Meeting the Requirements of a Global Society on a Changing Planet in 2020
Plag, Hans-Peter; Pearlman, Michael (Eds.)

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101164

ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY
UNIT I DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF ECOLOGY:
Physical, chemical, environmental factors and their relation to organisms. Climatic Factors:
Environmental complex-Interaction of ecological factors-Light factor-Temperature factorPrecipitation (rain fall) -Humidity of Air-Atmosphere-Gases and Wind-Atmospheric gases- Wind
factor-Fire factor. Topographic (Physiographic) Factors: Height of mountain chains-Direction of
mountains and valleys-Steepness of slope- Exposure of slope.
UNIT II EDAPHIC FACTORS (Soil Science):
Importance of soil- Definition and composition of soil-Formation (origin) of soil-Factors affecting
soil formation-soil profile-Some processes in soil formation-Characteristic to the climate type-Soil
classification- Soil complex-components and properties-Soil erosion- Soil conservation.
UNIT III BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION:
Current levels of biodiversity alpha and beta diversity- extinction and endangered species steps to
preserve biodiversity- insitu and ex-situ conservation gene banks biodiversity conservation and
agenda 21 hotspots of biodiversity national parks and sanctuaries gene pools. Biodiversity
Act 2002 of India.UNIT IV POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY:
Relation within species, population growth, population dynamics positive and negative growth,
bio potential, age structure, equilibrium position, oscillation and fluctuation- Restriction of
Urbanization. Different communities and their occupation in different ranges in the environment
and their relationship for the maintenance of eco-balance in the environment- Niche ecological
succession.
UNIT V BIO-GEO CHEMICAL CYCLES:
Carbon dioxide cycle, oxygen cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle and Potassium cycle.
UNIT VI ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY:
Structure and functions of an Ecosystem- Ecological energetic-Energy flow in ecosystem Food
chain, role of producers and consumers, Methods of calculating
energies in the
ecosystems-Nutrient cycles in ecosystem- Atmospheric cycles- Edaphic cycles.
Elements of ecosystem modeling- Pond ecosystem-Marine ecosystem-Grassland
ecosystem-Forest ecosystem-Desert ecosystem -Cropland ecosystem-Productivity of different
ecosystems-Primary production in terrestrial ecosystems-Secondary ecosystem.
UNIT VII SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
Ecological sustainability- goals of sustainable development-symptoms and causes of
unsustainability- Organic farming- Biofertilizers- Biopesticides. current environmental issues in
India Narmada dam- tehri dam almetti dam
UNIT VIII ECOSYSTEM MODELING:
Introduction, wetland mapping, spatial models, ecological systems and process.
Text Books:
Concepts of Ecology. E.J.Kormondey, 1984. Indian reprint 1991 Prentice-Hall of India.
Basic Ecology, E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition.
Ecology & Environment, P.D.Sharma, Ashish publications,1994.
Reference Books:
Introduction to Ecology, Paul Colinvaux, 1973. Wiley International Edition.
Advanced Ecological Theory- Principles and Applications, Bleakwell Science Ltd., Oxford (1999).
Environment Conservation, Raymond F Dasmann, John Wiley & Sons (1984).

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101165

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

UNIT I WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES:
Sampling Techniques - Methods of Analysis - Characterization Origin of Wastewater - Sources
and classification of water pollutants. Primary treatment- Sedimentation- Flocculation-Flotation.
UNIT II SECONDARY (BIOLOGICAL) TREATMENT:
Low cost biological treatment systems: Activated Sludge Process (ASP) Trickling Filters
oxidation ponds. Bioreactors RBC, Biological filters- fluidized bed reactors, inverse fluidized
bed biofilm reactor, membrane bioreactor Neutralization, equalization and pretreatment. ETP
Sludge management
UNIT III ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT METHODS:
Introduction, Contact process,
Digesters, Fluidized bed reactor, up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, fixed film reactors,
Sequencing batch reactors, hybrid reactors.
UNIT IV TERTIARY TREATMENT SYSTEMS:
Introduction, definition, Removal of suspended solids micro straining coagulation and
filtration removal of dissolved solids adsorption on activated carbon solvent extraction ion
exchange reverse osmosis electro dialysis.,
UNIT V TERTIARY TREATMENT SYSTEMS II:
Nitrogen Removal Ammonia stripping, nitrification and denitrification, phosphorous removal
biological phosphorous removal advanced biological systems aerobic ponds facultative ponds
aerated ponds anaerobic ponds chemical oxidation recovery of materials from process
effluents.
UNIT VI SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Definition of solid wastes types of domestic solid wastes collection transportation
characteristics of solid wastesegregation types of disposal methods sanitary land fill
incineration composting Vermicompost recovery of energy from solid wastes.
UNIT VII SANITATION:
Sanitation-Communicable diseases, Methods of infection transmission- Water and air
contamination, spread of infectious diseases and control measures.
UNIT VIII INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION:
Waste generation and characterization from different industries like
a) paper and pulp b)
breweries and distilleries, c) textile, d) tannery, e) bulk drugs and pharmaceutical industries
Text Books:
1. Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering 1993. G.S.Bridie & J.S.Bridie, Dhanpat Rai & sons.
A treatise on Rural, Municipal, and industrial water management. KVSG Murali Krishna
Environmental sanitation (Social and Preventive medicine) 1998 (1st edition). Dr.P.V. Rama Raju &
KVSG Murali Krishna.
Waste water treatment, Metcalf and Eddy.
Reference Books:
1. Municipal and Rural Sanitation1987. Ehlers, V.M. & Steel,E.W.McGRAW-HILLBook
Company,IncV.edition.
2. Environmental Sanitation. Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
Environmental Protection and Laws, Jadhav and Bhosale, V.M.Himalaya publishing House.
3. Environmental pollution and Toxicology 1994. Meera Asthana and Asthana D.K, Alka
Printers.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101166

WATER POLLUTION AND TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

UNIT I WATER POLLUTANTS:
Types and Sources, Heavy metals- metalloids- organic- inorganic- biological - radioactive
pollutants, Eutrophication, potable water and carrying capacity of rivers.
UNIT II WATER TREATMENT:
Methods of water purification, primary treatment- sedimentation- flotation, secondary
(biological) treatment- design and principles in biological treatment facilities- activated sludge
process- trickling filters low cost waste treatment systems and their design, tertiary treatment.
UNIT III INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT:
Sources, Characteristics, methodology and process for the treatment of industrial wastes of sugar
industry- beverage industry- tannery industry- textile mill waste industry- fertilizer plant- steel
plant- oil refinery- pharmaceutical [plant- paper and pulp mill.
UNIT IV ADVANCED WASTE WATER TREATMENT:
Introduction, removal suspended solids- removal of dissolved solids- Ammonia removalphosphorus removal- chemical oxidation- recovery of materials from process effluents.
UNIT V BIO-REACTORS FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT:
Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
,Two-stage, Aerobic UNI Tank System (TSUSystem, Route Zone Treatment, Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film (SAFF) Reactor, Fluidized
Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB).
UNIT VI SEWAGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL:
Self purification of streams- BOD and its important- treatment methods- primary, secondary and
tertiary levels- disinfections of treated sewage effluent- septic tank design- effluent disposal
methods- disposal on land, sewage sickness- disposal by dilution- design of biological treatment
units- sludge characteristics, unit operations in sludge disposal, conventional and high rate
digesters- disposal of sludge- gas utilization.
UNIT VII PHYTOREMEDIATION TREATMENT:
Introduction, current trends in role of phytoremediation- examples of species potential in absorbing
heavy metals and pollutants in waste water- root zone treatment technology- microbial remediationrole of bacteria and the microbes in cleaning of sewage waters- oil spilled waters- domestic waste
waters- polluted agricultural run off- bio medical waste retaining waters.
UNIT VIII RECYCLING OF WASTE:
Waste types- sources- waste generation per capita- composition of waste- recycling of waste for
industrial, agriculture and domestic purpose- recyclingof metal products- reuse, recovery- reduction
of paper, plastics- recycling of food manufacturing, beverages, apparel, leather, paper, pulp, chemical
from industries- fly ash utilization.
Text Books:
Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering G.S.Bridie & J.S.Brides, Dhanpat Rai & Sons 1993.
A treatise on Rural, Municipal, and industrial water management KVSG Murali Krishna
Environmental sanitation (Social and Preventive medicine) Dr.P.V. Rama Raju & KVSG Murali
Krishna.
Waste water engineering, treatment and reuse by Metcalf and eddy, fifth edition, Tata Mc Graw
Hill.
Reference Books:
Municipal
and
Rural
Sanitation-Ehlers,V.M.&Steel,E.W.McGRAW-HILLBook
Company,IncV.edition. 1987.
Environmental Sanitation, Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
Environmental pollution and Toxicology, Meera Asthana and Asthana D.K, Alka Printers (1994)

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101167

TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL

UNIT I SEWAGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL:
Self purification of streams- BOD and its important- treatment methods- primary, secondary and
tertiary levels- disinfections of treated sewage effluent- septic tank design- effluent disposal
methods- disposal on land, sewage sickness- disposal by dilution- design of biological treatment
units- sludge characteristics, unit operations in sludge disposal, conventional and high rate
digesters- disposal of sludge- gas utilization.
UNIT II WATER TREATMENT:
Methods of water purification, primary treatment- sedimentation- flotation, secondary
(biological) treatment- design and principles in biological treatment facilities- activated sludge
process- trickling filters low cost waste treatment systems and their design, tertiary treatment.
UNIT III ADVANCED WASTE WATER TREATMENT & BIO-REACTORS FOR WASTE
WATER TREATMENT:
Introduction, removal suspended solids- removal of dissolved solids- Ammonia removalphosphorus removal- chemical oxidation- recovery of materials from process effluents.
Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
, Two-stage, Aerobic UNI Tank System (TSUSystem, Route Zone Treatment, Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film (SAFF) Reactor, Fluidized
Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB).
UNIT IV AIR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES:
Sources- correction methods- -particulate emission control- gravitational settling chambers-cyclone
separators- fabric filters-electrostatic precipitators-wet scrubbers- -control of gaseous
emissions-adsorption by solids-absorption by liquids-combustion, condensation control of SO2
emission desulphurization of flue gases dry methods wet scrubbing methods. Control of
nitrogen oxides- modification of operating conditions- modification of design conditions- effluent
gas treatment methods-carbon monoxide control-control of hydrocarbons-mobile sources.
UNIT V SOIL POLLUTION, PHYTOREMEDIATION AND BIOREMEDIATION
TECHNOLOGIES:
Impact of modern agriculture on soil, degradation of soil, Control of soil pollution,
Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Phytostimulation, Phytotransformation, Rhizofiltration,
Constructed Wetlands, Bioremediation Technologies: Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation,
Bioreactors, Land-based Treatments, Fungal Remediation.
UNIT VI SOLID AND HAZARD WASTE TREATMENT:
Sources and generation of solid waste characterization, chemical composition and classificationdumping of garbage- commercial, Industrial, Agriculture, Mining and Power Plant dischargesDisposal methods- Composting, Incineration and others- biomedical waste management. HWT
Technologies, Physical Treatment Methods, Chemical Treatment Methods, Stabilization and
Fixation Systems.
UNIT VII NOISE CONTROL AND GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT:
Standard Methods of Noise Control; Greenbelt Development: Advantage of Green Belt
Development, Design of Green Belt, Rain Water Harvesting:
UNIT VIII REMOTE SENSING AND GIS:
Geospatial Requirements, Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS), GIS in EIA
Text Books:
Text book of Environmental Science and Technology by Dr. M. Anji Reddy, BS Publications, 2010.
Bioremediation by Baker K H and Herson DS. Mc Graw Hill, Inc, New Delhi.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Martin Alexander, Academic press.
Waste water engineering, treatment and reuse by Metcalf & Eddy, fifth edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill.
Air Pollution, H.C.V. Rao, 1990, Mcgraw Hill Co.
Environmental Pollution control technologies, C.S. Rao, Wiley estern Ltd, 1993.
Air Pollution, M.N. Rao, Mcgraw Hill 1993.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101168

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY PHILOSOPHY:
Sequence of Accident Occurrence, Occupational Injuries-Effects of Industrial Accidents,
Analysis of Accidents, Injury Data, Accident Investigations & Reporting, Accident Costing
UNIT II SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGEMENT:
Employer & Employee Responsibilities, Record-keeping & Reporting Requirements, Safety
Organization, Responsibilities of Safety Officer, Supervisors, Safety committees.
UNIT III RISK MANAGEMENT:
Definitions of Hazards, Risks, Evolution of Methodical Analysis, System safety Analysis
techniques, Performance measurement, Operational Reviews - Internal & External.
UNIT IV WORK PRACTICES IN INDUSTRIES:
Hazards in Chemical Operations, Material Handling Hazards, Lifting Machinery & Pressure
Vessels, Material Safety Data Sheets, Classification of Chemicals, Hazardous Chemicals, Storage
Practices, Radiation Safety, Petroleum Storage Requirements, Pesticide Safety.
UNIT V INDIAN STATUTES:
Central Acts, Factorys Act, AP Factory Rules, Construction Safety Regulations, Petroleum Rules
2002, Electrical Act & Rules.
UNIT VI FIRE SAFETY:
Basic Elements, Causes, Industrial Fires, Explosions, Effect On Environment, Property & Human
Loss, Prevention Techniques, Building Design, Fire Protection Systems, Contingency Plan,
Emergency Preparedness, Evacuation.
UNIT VII INDUSTRIAL BEST PRACTICES:
In Electrical, Mechanical, Fire, Machine Guarding, Personal Protective Equipment, Occupational
Health, Ergonomics Ambulance, Noise Abatement Methods, Management Of Contractors.
UNIT VIII OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & MANAGEMENT STANDARDS:
Indian Standards, OHSAS 18001 Standard and its Elements, CE Certificate, Social
Accountability Standards, System Implementation, Benefits.
Text Books:
Industrial safety and health, David L. Goetsch, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993.
Handbook of environmental health and safety, Vol I & II, Herman Kooren, Michael Bisesi, Jaico
Publishing House, 1999.

Syllabus for Pre Ph.D/Pre M.Phil/Pre MS

w.e.f 2010-11 admitted batches

Subject Code R101169

BIODEGRADATION AND BIOREMEDIATION

UNIT I BIODEGRADATION:
What is biodegradation? Acclimation, detoxification activation, bio-availability, effect of
chemical structure on biodegradation, recalcitrance, predicting products of biodegradation,
cometabolism and biotransformation. Factors affecting biodegradation.
UNIT II MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF BIOPOLYMERS:
Cellulose, xylan, starch and other glucans, pectin, lignin and chitin, protein, nucleic acids, lipids
and fats and polyhydroxy alkanoates (Bioplastics).
UNIT III BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS:
Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons: Methane, ethane, propane, butane and other long chain
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradatio of aromatic compounds.
Microbial degradation of halogenated and sulfonated compounds.
Biodegradation of pesticides.
UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO BIOREMEDIATION:
Introduction, what is Bioremediation, Constraints, advantages and applications, Types of
bioremediation (definition)- Natural (attenuation) and engineered, exsitu and in-situ,
Bioaugmentation and biostimulation, solid phase and slurry phase bioremediation, Oxygen
delivery for Bioremediation, Bio stimulation of naturally occurring microbial activities: environmental modification use of cosubstrates, oxygen supplementation,(Composting and
aerobic bioreactors, in situ aeration) Nutrients and fertilizers, Criteria to be met for considering
bioremediation- factors affecting bioremediation, treatability studies for bioremediation- purpose,
experimental design and example protocol.
UNIT V SPECIFIC BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES:
Application, specific advantages and disadvantages of specific bioremediation technologies- land
farming, prepared beds, biopiles, composting, bioventing, biosparging, pump and treat method,
constructed wet lands, use of bioreactors for bioremediation. Phytoremediation, restoration of
coal mines a case study.
UNIT VI BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Hazardous wastes, biotechnology for hazardous waste management, cyanide detoxification,
detoxification of oxalate, urea.
UNIT VII BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL,
BIOTECHNIQUES OF AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND ODOUR CONTROL:
Biotechnological application for pollution reduction in Paper and pulp industry tannery industry;
Deodorization process bioscrubbers, biobed, biotrickling filters.
UNIT VIII RESTORATION OF DEGRADED LANDS:
Reforestation through micropropagation casurina for tropical reforestation on adverse sites,
development of stress tolerant plants; use of mycorrhizae in reforestation, reforestation of soils
contaminated with heavy metals.
Text books:
Bioremediation 1994. Baker, K.H and Herson, D.S.Mc Graw Hill, Inc. New York
Biotreatment of Industrial & Hazardous Waste 1993, M.V.Levin & Gealt,M.A McGraw Hill. Inc.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation 1999 (2nd editon). Martin Alexander, Elsevier Science &
Technology.
Environmental Microbiology 2001. Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, Academic Press.
Bioremediation engineering.. J.T.Cookson, Mc.Grwhill Inc.