Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Instruction Manual
HT30XC
ISSUE 14
June 2010
Table of Contents
Copyright and Trademarks ...................................................................................... 1
General Overview ....................................................................................................... 2
Equipment Diagrams................................................................................................... 3
Important Safety Information....................................................................................... 4
Introduction.............................................................................................................. 4
Electrical Safety....................................................................................................... 4
Hot Surfaces............................................................................................................ 4
Water Borne Hazards .............................................................................................. 5
Description .................................................................................................................. 6
Overview.................................................................................................................. 6
Installation ................................................................................................................. 13
Advisory................................................................................................................. 13
Installation Process ............................................................................................... 13
Electrical Wiring Diagram ...................................................................................... 24
Operation .................................................................................................................. 25
Operating the Software.......................................................................................... 25
Operating the Equipment....................................................................................... 34
Using Customer Generated Software with HT30XC ............................................. 45
Equipment Specifications.......................................................................................... 58
Overall Dimensions ............................................................................................... 58
Heater specifications ............................................................................................. 58
Fluid flow rates ...................................................................................................... 58
Electromagnetic compatibility ................................................................................ 58
Facilities required .................................................................................................. 58
Computer specifications ........................................................................................ 59
Cold water supply .................................................................................................. 59
Cooling water drain................................................................................................ 59
USB Channel Numbers ......................................................................................... 60
Environmental Conditions...................................................................................... 62
ii
Table of Contents
Routine Maintenance ................................................................................................ 64
Responsibility ........................................................................................................ 64
General.................................................................................................................. 64
Gaining Access to the Plinth Base ........................................................................ 64
Re-calibration of the thermocouple conditioning circuits ....................................... 65
Draining the hot water system ............................................................................... 65
Freeing a seized hot water pump .......................................................................... 66
Location of potentiometers on the PCB................................................................. 67
Contact Details for Further Information ..................................................................... 68
iii
Disclaimer
This document and all the information contained within it is proprietary to Armfield
Limited. This document must not be used for any purpose other than that for which it
is supplied and its contents must not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published,
translated or disclosed to any third party, in whole or in part, without the prior written
permission of Armfield Limited.
Should you have any queries or comments, please contact the Armfield Customer
Support helpdesk (Monday to Friday: 0800 1800 GMT). Contact details are as
follows:
United Kingdom
International
Email: support@armfield.co.uk
Fax: +44 (0) 1425 470916
General Overview
The Armfield range of small scale heat exchangers comprises several units which
represent the common types of heat exchanger found in industry and demonstrate
different techniques for indirect transfer of heat from one fluid stream to another.
Their small size produces a fast system response to changes in variables such as
water flow rate and temperature, so that training exercises can be carried out in a
relatively short space of time.
The types of heat exchanger available include Tubular (HT31), Plate (HT32), Shell &
Tube (HT33), Jacketed Vessel with Coil and Stirrer (HT34), Extended Tubular (HT36)
and Extended Plate with Regeneration (HT37) which all demonstrate different
techniques for indirect transfer of heat from one fluid stream to another.
The interchangeable heat exchangers are individually mounted on a service unit
(HT30XC) which provides the required services and sensor output displays. The
units can be quickly changed without the need for tools, and the service unit also
allows students to evaluate experimental heat exchangers of their own construction.
Once a heat exchanger has been installed on the service unit and the unit is
switched on, the entire assembly can be operated remotely from a WindowsTM
computer (NOT supplied by Armfield). The supplied Armfield control software also
includes a full set of training exercises and allows data logging and display of results
in tabular and graphical format.
Equipment Diagrams
Electrical Safety
The equipment described in this Instruction Manual operates from a mains voltage
electrical supply. It must be connected to a supply of the same frequency and voltage
as marked on the equipment or the mains lead. If in doubt, consult a qualified
electrician or contact Armfield.
The equipment must not be operated with any of the panels removed.
To give increased operator protection, the unit incorporates a Residual Current
Device (RCD), alternatively called an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker, as an integral
part of this equipment. If through misuse or accident the equipment becomes
electrically dangerous, the RCD will switch off the electrical supply and reduce the
severity of any electric shock received by an operator to a level which, under normal
circumstances, will not cause injury to that person.
At least once each month, check that the RCD is operating correctly by pressing the
TEST button. The circuit breaker MUST trip when the button is pressed. Failure to
trip means that the operator is not protected and the equipment must be checked and
repaired by a competent electrician before it is used.
Hot Surfaces
This apparatus is capable of producing temperatures that could cause burns /
serious burns.
Allow time for the equipment to cool before handling any of the components.
Do not allow the apparatus to come into contact with flammable materials or
liquids.
Any safety guards are there for operator protection- they must not be
removed except as described in this manual, and nothing should be inserted
through the guards.
Any water contained within the product must not be allowed to stagnate, ie.
the water must be changed regularly.
Any rust, sludge, scale or algae on which micro-organisms can feed must be
removed regularly, i.e. the equipment must be cleaned regularly.
Further details on preventing infection are contained in the publication The Control
of Legionellosis including Legionnaires Disease - Health and Safety Series booklet
HS (G) 70.
Description
Where necessary, refer to the drawings in the Equipment Diagrams section.
Overview
The Service Unit is assembled on a supporting base/plinth, which is vacuum formed
in robust ABS plastic and designed for bench mounting.
The plinth top incorporates a channel to collect any water which escapes when
connecting/disconnecting or dismantling the heat exchangers. A valve at the lefthand end of the channel allows the water to be drained.
Description
The appropriate heat exchanger is attached to the plinth top by locating the holes in
the support plate on the studs in the plinth top and securing it using the knurled
thumbscrews provided.
On top of the plinth is the hot water vessel. The water in this vessel is electrically
heated. The heating element incorporates an over-temperature C.thermostat that
prevents the water being heated beyond a nominal 75 Also in the hot water vessel is
a conductivity level sensor that prevents either the heater or pump being turned on
unless the vessel is sufficiently full of water.
The electric supply to the heater is modulated by a solid state relay (SSR) which is
located inside the plinth base. The modulation signals to the SSR are provided
directly by the computer, via the USB interface.
Mounted near the hot water vessel is the gear pump, driven by an electric motor,
which is used to circulate the water through the heat exchanger and back to the
vessel. The rotational speed of the motor/gear pump, and hence the hot water flow
rate, is controlled by the computer software.
The hot water flow rate is measured by the in-line flow meter and displayed on the
computer.
Description
The direction of rotation of the pump can be changed by using the computer software
to control a changeover relay mounted in the plinth base. This relay reverses the
polarity of the electrical voltage applied to the motor.
The cold water flow (the process flow) for the heat exchanger is derived from the
local mains water supply. A pressure regulator complete with integral filter/strainer
isolates the HT30XC from minor variations in the pressure of this supply. The cold
water supply is connected to the inlet of the pressure regulator.
The flow rate through the heat exchanger is then controlled using an electrically
driven proportioning solenoid valve. Again this valve is controlled from the computer
software.
A second in-line flow meter measures the cold water flow rate.
Flexible tubes are used to connect the circulator to each heat exchanger and quick
release fittings allow rapid connection. Red collars identify the hot water connections
and a blue collar identifies the cold water connection. The directional arrows on the
red collars indicate the direction of hot water flow when the computer software is
configured for counter-current operation.
A panel on the front of the Service Unit contains the MAINS switch with ENABLED
indicator, the STOP (Emergency Stop) switch with RUN indicator and input
connectors for up to 10 standard k type thermocouples, labelled T1 to T10. The
thermocouples are supplied with the appropriate heat exchanger accessory. Also
mounted on the panel is the connector for the USB interface for connection to the
computer, and two USB status indicators. A red power LED lights when the unit is
10
Description
connected to the PC and a green active LED lights when the unit has been
recognised by the PC. The USB interface is located behind the front panel.
As the unit is software controlled, it is fitted with a watchdog circuit which switches
off the heaters, pump and cold water control valve in the event of a software crash
or breakdown in communication between the software and the HT30XC. The
watchdog circuit relies on being polled at regular intervals from the computer. If a
pulse has not been received for a nominal 10 seconds, a relay circuit is disabled
which removes the mains input power from the 24 Vdc power supply and the heaters.
The pump drive circuit and valve drive circuit both use the 24 Vdc power, and so
when no watchdog pulses are present these circuits cannot be activated.
On the rear of the plinth base is a panel containing a number of electrical connectors
and devices. The combined MCB/RCD protects the mains electrical circuits inside
the plinth. The MCB protects the wiring against excess current in the event of a short
circuit or other fault. The RCD (Residual Current Device) protects the operator in the
event of an electrical fault or short to earth. All electrical circuits inside the plinth are
protected by this device. The operation, purpose and testing of the Residual Current
Device is explained in more detail within the Electrical Safety section. Normal
operation of the equipment is achieved with the switch in the UP position.
The mains electrical supply is connected to the input socket on the rear panel. A
mains lead, fitted with a plug to suit the input connector, is supplied with the Service
Unit. The cable allows connection of the unit to an appropriate electrical supply.
Output sockets on the rear panel provide a 24Vdc power supply (DC O/P) and a
12Vdc auxiliary supply (AUX O/P).
On the right hand side of the plinth base is a removable panel. This panel gives
access to the calibration potentiometers for the temperature measurement circuits.
This is described in more detail in the Routine Maintenance section of this manual. A
label inside the cover shows the location of the individual potentiometers.
11
12
Installation
Advisory
Before operating the equipment, it must be unpacked, assembled and installed as
described in the steps that follow. Safe use of the equipment depends on following
the correct installation procedure.
Please read the safety considerations included at the front of this Product Manual
before attempting to assemble the unit. Installation requirements are listed in the
Equipment Specifications section. Priming procedures are described in the Operation
section.
Installation Process
1. Remove the apparatus from the box and remove all packaging. Retain the
supplied mains lead.
2. Plug the mains electrical lead into the mains inlet socket at the rear of the
plinth and connect to a suitable power supply.
13
5. The CD should autorun. If it doesn't, choose 'run' from the 'start' menu.
6. Type d:\setup.exe
where d is the letter of the drive you are using. Click 'OK'.
Installation
9. With the PC switched on, connect the USB port on the HT30XC to a USB port
on the computer, using the USB cable supplied.
10. When connected, the red power LED on the front of the unit should
illuminate. The green active LED will also illuminate a short time later.
11. The PC will then display a message saying that it has found new hardware
and the new hardware wizard should find the files it requires automatically.
12. Set the pressure regulator to minimum: Pull out the grey knob on the
regulator then twist the knob fully anticlockwise.
13. Connect the flexible tubing from the heat exchanger accessory to the base
unit as shown:
15
HT31
HT32
HT33
16
Installation
HT34
HT36
HT37
17
15. Press the emergency stop button in on the front panel to set it to the stop (in)
position.
16. Connect the HT30XC to the electricity mains supply and check that the RCDs
on the back panel are switched on with the levers in the up position.
17. Switch the mains switch to on. The ENABLED light should illuminate,
indicating that the unit is powered.
18
Installation
19. Run the Armfield HT30XC software and choose the counter-current operation
option from the start up screen. Go to the diagram screen. In the bottom right
corner of this screen a message should say IFD: OK.
If an error message occurs check the USB connection and if necessary reinstall the software. When the computer is connected to the HT30XC, the red
and green USB status LEDs on the front panel should both be illuminated.
20. On the computer screen click the Power On switch. The green RUN light on
the front of the HT10XC should illuminate.
19
21. Ensure that the pressure regulator is set to minimum (turned fully
anticlockwise).
22. Set the cold water flow control in the software to 100 %.
23. Turn on the cold water supply at the source then gradually increase the flow
of cold water by turning the knob on the regulator clockwise.
24. Adjust the pressure regulator until the indicated cold water flowrate is either
5.0 L/min (for HT31, 33 or 36) or 3.0 L/min (for HT32, 34 or 37).
20
Installation
25. When the flowrate is correct push in the grey knob to lock the setting.
28. Check that the low-level indication in the software is not activated.
21
30. Set the pump speed to 50% in the software. Observe that the hot water pump
begins to operate. Run the pump using counter-current operation until all air
bubbles are displaced from the flexible tubing into the hot water vessel.
31. Top up the level of this vessel as necessary to maintain the level above the
tip of the level electrode (typically 20 mm from the top of the vessel).
32. To access the heater control mode click the software control button.
33. In the heater control window, set Mode of Operation to Manual and Manual
Output to 50%.
Select Apply.
22
Installation
34. Observe that the water heater operates as indicated by a rise in temperature
of the circulating hot water. Heated water or bubbles may also be observed
rising from the heating element.
35. Set Mode of Operation to Off and select OK to close the heater control
window.
23
37. Check the cold water flow control valve: set the Cold Water Flow rate to 50%.
Observe that cold water flows through the tubing and heat exchanger. Set the
Cold Water Flow rate to 0%.
The HT30XC base unit has now been installed and is fully operational. For further information on the use of
the HT30CX refer to the Operation section. If the base unit is to be used with a different heat exchanger,
changing heat exchangers is also described in the Operation section.
24
Operation
Where necessary, refer to the drawings in the Equipment Diagrams section.
Before operating the software ensure that the equipment has been connected to the
IFD5 Interface (where IFD5 is separate from the equipment) and the IFD5 has been
connected to a suitable PC using a USB lead. For further information on these
actions refer to the Operation manual.
Load the software and wait for the presentation screen to open fully as shown:
Before proceeding to operate the software ensure that IFD: OK is displayed at the
bottom of the screen. If IFD:ERROR is displayed check the USB connection between
the IFD5 and the PC and confirm that the red and green LEDs are both illuminated.
If the problem persists then check that the driver is installed correctly (refer to the
Operation manual).
25
For more detailed information about the presentations refer to the Help available via
the upper toolbar when operating the software.
Toolbar
A toolbar is displayed at the top of the screen at all times, so users can jump
immediately to the facility they require, as shown:
The upper menu expands as a dropdown menu when the cursor is placed over a
name.
The lower row of icons (standard for all Armfield Software) allows a particular
function to be selected. To aid recognition, pop-up text names appear when the
cursor is placed over the icon.
Mimic Diagram
The Mimic Diagram is the most commonly used screen and gives a pictorial
representation of the equipment, with continuously updated display boxes for all the
various sensor readings, calculated variables etc. directly in engineering units.
To view the Mimic Diagram click the View Diagram icon
or click Diagram from the View drop-down menu as shown:
26
Operation
The mimic diagram displayed will depend on the accessory connected to the
HT30XC. Refer to Operating the Software in the instruction manual supplied with
the accessory for more details about the mimic diagram displayed.
In addition to measured variables such as Temperature, Pressure and Flowrate (from
a direct reading flowmeter), calculated data such as Motor Torque, Motor Speed and
Discharge / Volume flowrate (from pressure drop across an orifice plate) are
continuously displayed in data boxes with a white background. These are
automatically updated and cannot be changed by the user.
Manual data input boxes with a coloured background allow constants such as Orifice
Cd and Atmospheric Pressure to be changed by over-typing the default value, if
required.
The data boxes associated with some pressure sensors include a Zero button
alongside. This button is used to compensate for any drift in the zero value, which is
an inherent characteristic of pressure sensors. Pressing the Zero button just before
starting a set of readings resets the zero measurement and allows accurate pressure
measurements to be taken referenced to atmospheric pressure. This action must be
carried out before the motor is switched on otherwise the pressure readings will be
offset.
The mimic diagram associated with some products includes the facility to select
different experiments or different accessories, usually on the left hand side of the
screen, as shown:
27
Automatic logging is selected when transients need to be recorded so that they can
be plotted against time. Click the
the
The type of logging can be configured by clicking Configure in the Sample dropdown menu from the upper toolbar as shown:
Operation
be set to the required number of minutes or seconds. Continuous sampling can be
selected, with no time limit or sampling for a fixed duration can be set to the required
number of hours, minutes or seconds as shown:
Tabular Display
To view the Table screen click the View Table icon
click Table from the View dropdown menu as shown:
29
As the data is sampled, it is stored in spreadsheet format, updated each time the
data is sampled. The table also contains columns for the calculated values.
New sheets can be added to the spreadsheet for different data runs by clicking the
icon from the main toolbar. Sheets can be renamed by double clicking on the
sheet name at the bottom left corner of the screen (initially Run 1, Run 2 etc) then
entering the required name.
For more detailed information about Data Logging and changing the settings within
the software refer to the Help available via the upper toolbar when operating the
software.
Graphical Display
When several samples have been recorded, they can be viewed in graphical format.
To view the data in Graphical format click the View graph icon
tool bar or click Graph from the View drop-down menu as shown:
30
Operation
The results are displayed in a graphical format as shown:
(The actual graph displayed will depend on the product selected and the exercise
that is being conducted, the data that has been logged and the parameter(s) that has
been selected).
Powerful and flexible graph plotting tools are available in the software, allowing the
user full choice over what is displayed, including dual y axes, points or lines,
displaying data from different runs, etc. Formatting and scaling is done automatically
by default, but can be changed manually if required.
To change the data displayed on the Graph click Graph Data from the Format
dropdown menu as shown:
The available parameters (Series of data) are displayed in the left hand pane as
shown:
31
Two axes are available for plotting, allowing series with different scaling to be
presented on the same x axis.
To select a series for plotting, click the appropriate series in the left pane so that it is
highlighted then click the appropriate right-facing arrow to move the series into one of
the windows in the right hand pane. Multiple series with the same scaling can be
plotted simultaneously by moving them all into the same window in the right pane.
To remove a series from the graph, click the appropriate series in the right pane so
that it is highlighted then click the appropriate left-facing arrow to move the series into
the left pane.
The X-Axis Content is chosen by default to suit the exercise. The content can be
changed if appropriate by opening the drop down menu at the top of the window.
The format of the graphs, scaling of the axes etc. can be changed if required by
clicking Graph in the Format drop-down menu as shown:
For more detailed information about changing these settings refer to the Help
available via the upper toolbar when operating the software.
PID Control
Where appropriate, the software associated with some products will include a single
or multiple PID control loops whereby a function on the product can be manually or
32
Operation
automatically controlled using the PC by measuring an appropriate variable and
varying a function such as a heater power or pump speed.
The PID loop can be accessed by clicking the box labelled PID or Control depending
on the particular software:
The Mode of operation always defaults to Manual control and 0% output when the
software is loaded to ensure safe operation of the equipment. If appropriate, the
operator can retain manual operation and simply vary the value from 0 to 100% in the
Manual Output box, then clicking Apply.
Alternatively, the PID loop can be changed to Automatic operation by clicking the
Automatic button. If any of the PID settings need to be changed from the default
values then these should be adjusted individually before clicking the Apply button.
33
Advanced Features
The software incorporates advanced features such as the facility to recalibrate the
sensor inputs from within the software without resorting to electrical adjustments of
the hardware. For more detailed information about these advanced functions within
the software refer to the Help available via the upper toolbar when operating the
software.
34
Operation
Before connecting the equipment to the cold water supply, first close the pressure
regulator as follows:
Pull out the grey knob on the regulator then twist the knob fully anticlockwise.
Failure to do this may prevent correct operation of the cold water flow control valve.
Setting the Cold Water Pressure Regulator must be completed before attempting to
set the cold water flow rate.
Note: To disconnect the flexible tubing from a quick release connector, push the
black ring hard against the body of the connector while pulling the flexible tubing
away from the connector. (Do not allow the collet to move away from the body of the
connector while pulling the flexible tubing). Refer to the diagrams in Operation of
Quick Release Fittings for further information.
Attach the required heat exchanger to the HT30XC Computer Controlled Heat
Exchanger Service Unit by locating it on the mounting studs and replacing the
knurled thumbscrews.
The accessories should be plumbed to the service unit. The arrows on the equipment
correspond to countercurrent flow within the Heat Exchanger. The computer software
is used to alter the direction of flow in order to produce cocurrent flow. Connections
should be as follows:
Connect the Heat Exchanger cold water inlet to the quick release cold water outlet
connector on the HT30XC (The cold water outlet is identified by a Blue collar).
Connect the two hot water flexible tubes from the Heat Exchanger (Red collars) to
the quick release hot water inlet and outlet connectors on the HT30XC (Red Collars)
and open the in-line isolating valves. Note the arrows on the hot water connectors
refer to the hot water flow direction with the computer configured for counter-current
operation.
Diagrams of the connections for each of the HT30XC accessories are included in the
Installation section.
35
An 'O' ring inside the fitting provides a leak-proof seal between the tube and the
fitting. The collet grips the tube and prevents it from being pulled out from the fitting.
36
Operation
Press the emergency stop button in on the front panel to set it to the stop (in)
position.
Connect the HT30XC to the electricity mains supply and check that the RCDs on the
back panel are switched on with the levers in the up position.
Switch the mains switch to on. The red ENABLED light should illuminate, indicating
that the unit is powered.
37
The unit may now be controlled remotely, subject to the unit receiving watchdog
pulses from the software.
Run the Armfield software for the accessory that has been fitted and choose the
counter-current operation option from the start up screen. Go to the diagram screen.
In the bottom right corner of this screen a message should say IFD: OK.
If an error message occurs check the USB connection and if necessary re-install the
software. When the computer is connected to the HT30XC, the red and green USB
status LEDs on the front panel should both be illuminated.
On the computer screen click the Power On switch. The green RUN light should
illuminate on the front of the HT30XC.
38
Operation
Turn on the cold water supply at the source then increase the flow of cold water by
turning the knob on the regulator slowly clockwise to a flow rate corresponding to the
accessory fitted, as follows:
HT31, HT33, HT36: 3 L/min*
39
*Note: Adjusting the pressure regulator to give higher flowrate may cause problems
with the operation of the flow control valve.
When the flowrate is correct push in the grey knob to lock the setting.
40
Operation
Check that the in-line isolating valves are both fully open.
Click on the Hot Water Flow Flow button to display the Hot Water Flow PID
Controller
Then set the Manual Output (pump speed) to 50% in the software and run the pump
until all air bubbles are displaced from the flexible tubing into the hot water vessel.
41
Top up the level of this vessel as necessary to maintain the level above the tip of the
level electrode (typically 20 mm from the top of the vessel).
Note: Counter-current operation should always be selected when priming the hot
water side of a heat exchanger for the first time.
The actual flow rate achieved at any particular setting will be dependent on the water
supply pressure, the pressure regulator setting, and the losses through the particular
heat exchanger in use. This flow rate is measured by a flow meter and displayed in
litres/min on the computer screen.
In normal use, the valve setting is adjusted until the desired flow rate is achieved.
The flow of cold water through the heat exchanger is always in the same direction.
42
Operation
To access the hot water flow control mode click the software Flow button. The
actual flow rate is measured by a flow meter and displayed in l/min on the computer
screen.
In manual mode, the hot water pump is run at a constant speed that is operator
selectable from 0% to 100%. This mode is useful when assessing energy balances
or settling times.
In auto mode, the pump speed is modulated in accordance with a PID algorithm to
achieve a stable flow of hot water through the heat exchanger on test. Changes to
the flow that would be caused by effects such as viscosity reducing due to increasing
temperature are eliminated by automatically adjusting the pump speed. Advanced
users may change the P, I and D parameters to perform process control
investigations.
43
The hot water flow direction is set as a default value in the Armfield Software. If a
counter-current exercise is chosen, the flow is in the direction indicated by the arrows
adjacent to the two hot water connections. If a co-current exercise is chosen the
direction of rotation of the pump and therefore the flow of water is reversed.
Project exercises do include the facility to change the hot water flow direction within
the PID settings screen.
Note: When operating with Manual control of hot water flowrate, a change in the
temperature of the water will affect the viscosity of the water resulting in a small
change in flowrate. It will therefore be necessary to adjust the hot water flow control
in the software if it is required to perform tests at the same flowrate but different
temperatures.
In manual mode, the heaters (SSR Drive) are set to be on for a fixed proportion of
time, operator selectable from 0% to 100%. This mode is useful when assessing
energy balances or settling times.
44
Operation
In auto mode, the power to the heaters is modulated in accordance with a PID
algorithm to achieve a stable temperature at one of the sensors (usually the hot
water inlet to the heat exchanger). Advanced users may change the P, I and D
parameters to perform process control investigations.
45
Read Analogue
This call returns a value from one of the analogue channels. The syntax for the call
is:
function ReadAnalog(var channel: integer; var value: integer); stdcall;
46
Operation
The stdcall directive indicates that the call is handled in a way which is recognisable
by most programming languages, including LabView. The channel number should be
selected as follows:
The value returned will be an integer 2047 corresponding to 5V. A value of 9999
indicates an error.
Write Analogues
This call sends values to the two analogue output channels. The syntax is:
procedure WriteAnalogs (var AO1: integer; var AO2: integer);stdcall;
The values sent should be between 2047 corresponding to 5V.
Read Digitals
This call returns the values from one of the eight digital channels. The syntax for the
call is:
procedure ReadDigital (var channel: integer; var value: integer); stdcall;
The return value will be 0 if the channel is off or 1 if the channel is on. A value of -1
indicates an error.
Write Digitals
This call writes values from the eight digital output channels. The syntax for the call
is:
procedure WriteDigitals(var DO1: integer; var DO2: integer;
var DO3 : integer; var DO4 : integer;
var DO5 : integer; var DO6 : integer;
var DO7 : integer; var DO8 : integer);
stdcall;
The analogue channels use values between 2047 and 2047, relating to 5V to 5V
on the apparatus. The digital channels use either a 0 or a 1 for ON or OFF.
There are also several more advanced calls that can be made to the IFD5 driver, as
listed below:
Set Mode
When data is transmitted in single-ended mode, such as on the HT30XC, the mode
must be set to single-ended using the following call:
procedure SetMode (var Mode : integer); stdcall;
47
Operation
Click on the Add a Parameter After button. The parameter area will change, allowing
various choices. Name the parameter Channel, set the Type to numeric, set the
Data Type to Signed 32-bit Integer and set Pass to Pointer to Value. These
settings apply to all of the parameters used by the library file. Repeat this step so that
there are two parameters, naming the second one 'Value'. When this is done, click
OK to close the page.
The icon on the diagram should now have four cells on it, representing the two
parameters before and after being passed to the library file. The column on the left
contains the input parameters, while the column on the right contains the outputs.
Popup (click with the right-hand mouse button) the top left-hand cell and choose
create constant. Type 0 in the box that appears. Repeat this step for the second cell
in the left-hand column. This means that the channel number and output will be set to
zero before passing to the library file.
Popup on the bottom cell in the right-hand column and choose Create Indicator. A
blue box will appear with the caption Value. Click on View Panel in the window menu
to see the front panel. There should be an indicator box present, titled 'value'.
Save the VI using the file menu, then click on the run continuously button. The value
in the indicator box will update continuously, showing the value being read by the
IFD5 on channel 0. If the program fails to run, then is probably an error in the Call
Library Function page. Check all of the values and settings on this page carefully.
This procedure can be repeated in order to create indicators for analogue channels
as required.
49
Customising the VI
The virtual instrument created using the above procedure can now be customised to
fit exactly with the requirements of the experiment being performed. Any of the
indicators on the front panel can be renamed or deleted as applicable. Controls can
also be renamed, but if you wish to delete a control, remember that each Call Library
Function block must have a full complement of inputs before it can run. This means
that the deleted control must be replaced with a constant of value 0.
Operation
=CALL("ArmIFD","ReadAnalog","2NN!",0)
This will setup a call to the ArmIFD.DLL file, using the ReadAnalogs function. The
third parameter (2NN!) indicates that the function requires two variables to be
passed, and we want Excel to retrieve the first variable in the list. The zero indicates
that we wish to collect channel 0 data. For further help on the parameters passed in
this function, see Excel help.
Copy this formula down for seven further cells, and increment the fourth parameter
by one in each successive cell e.g. the second cell down should contain:
=CALL("ArmIFD","ReadAnalog","2NN!",1)
These eight cells will then update to read the current values from the eight analogue
input channels whenever the spreadsheet is calculated.
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Operation
LIBRARY ArmIFD.dll
EXPORTS
SetMode
CSetMode
ReadAnalog
ReadDigital
WriteAnalogs
WriteDigitals
CReadAnalog
CReadDigital
CWriteAnalogs
CWriteDigitals
This defines the functions in the Dynamic Link Library (.dll) file which are to be used
by Matlab.
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Operation
div_result = ldiv(ans, 2);
ans = div_result.quot;
i = i+1;
}
mexPrintf(" DI 1: %d\n", digitals[1]);
mexPrintf(" DI 2: %d\n", digitals[2]);
mexPrintf(" DI 3: %d\n", digitals[3]);
mexPrintf(" DI 4: %d\n", digitals[4]);
mexPrintf(" DI 5: %d\n", digitals[5]);
mexPrintf(" DI 6: %d\n", digitals[6]);
mexPrintf(" DI 7: %d\n", digitals[7]);
mexPrintf(" DI 8: %d\n", digitals[8]);
}
This code defines a function that reads the data from the eight digital channels on the
IFD5, returned as an eight bit word. It also defines a long variable to receive the
result, and an array of eight integers to receive the channel values. The code calls
the function, and receives an eight bit word (ans). It then loops through the word,
checking whether each bit is a 1 or a 0, and setting the appropriate value in the
Digitals array.
Compile and run the program as before.
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Set Mode
The other function defined previously for use with C or C++ is the SetMode call,
which is used to set either differential or single ended data transfer. If the apparatus
56
Operation
you are using has 16 single ended analogue channels rather than eight differential
channels, it will be necessary to use this function before the data transfer is
commenced.
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Equipment Specifications
Overall Dimensions
Height - 430 mm
Length - 1000 mm
Depth - 500 mm
Hot water vessel capacity: 1.5 litres
Heater specifications
Heater: 2 x 1 kW elements at 115V. The elements are wired in parallel for 115V
systems and series for 230V systems.
Heater Thermostat Setting: 75 oC
Electromagnetic compatibility
This apparatus is classified as Education and Training Equipment under the
Electromagnetic Compatibility (Amendment) Regulations 1994. Use of the apparatus
outside the classroom, laboratory or similar such place invalidates conformity with the
protection requirements of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (89/336/EEC)
and could lead to prosecution.
Facilities required
The equipment is designed for installation on a firm, level work surface, such as a
laboratory bench, adjacent to a sink unit or cold water supply with appropriate drain.
Although the unit is self-contained, it will be necessary to connect cold water and
mains electrical supplies.
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Equipment Specifications
BLUE - NEUTRAL
Fuse rating - 10 AMP
Computer specifications
Remote operation of the unit requires a computer running WindowsTM 98, WindowsTM
2000 or WindowsTM XP with an available USB interface. For best results it should
have a minimum processor speed of 500 MHz, have 64 Mb or more of RAM and 20
Mbytes of free hard disk space. Armfield do not supply this computer.
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Use
Scaling
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
60
Equipment Specifications
T10
10
F hot
0V = 0 L/min, 5V=
25 L/min
11
F cold
0V = 0 L/min, 5V=
25 L/min
12
Not used
13
Not used
14
Not used
15
Not used
P1
V1
Not Used
Not Used
Low Level
Not used
Not used
Not used
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Power on
request
Watchdog
Pulse
SSR Drive
Pump
Direction
Stirrer On
0 = off
1 = on
0 = off
Aux. Heater
Control
1 = on
Not used
Not used
Environmental Conditions
This equipment has been designed for operation in the following environmental
conditions. Operation outside of these conditions may result reduced performance,
damage to the equipment or hazard to the operator.
a. Indoor use;
b. Altitude up to 2000 m;
c. Temperature 5 C to 40 C;
d. Maximum relative humidity 80 % for temperatures up to 31 C, decreasing
linearly to 50 % relative humidity at 40 C;
e. Mains supply voltage fluctuations up to 10 % of the nominal voltage;
f.
62
Equipment Specifications
g. Pollution degree 2.
Normally only nonconductive pollution occurs.
Temporary conductivity caused by condensation is to be expected.
Typical of an office or laboratory environment
63
Routine Maintenance
Responsibility
To preserve the life and efficient operation of the equipment it is important that the
equipment is properly maintained. Regular maintenance of the equipment is the
responsibility of the end user and must be performed by qualified personnel who
understand the operation of the equipment.
General
1. The equipment should be disconnected from the electrical supply when not in
use.
2. The heat exchanger under evaluation, the hot water vessel and the channel in
the support plinth base should be drained after use.
3. The various plugs and sockets on the equipment should be given a light spray
of de-moisturising lubricant at regular intervals to ensure smooth and reliable
connections.
4. Test the RCD by pressing the TEST button at least once a month. If the RCD
does not trip when the TEST button is pressed then the equipment must not
be used and should be checked by a competent electrician.
5. The level electrode inside the hot water vessel should be cleaned at regular
intervals to ensure electrical contact with the water.
64
Routine Maintenance
65
66
Routine Maintenance
67
Armfield Limited
Bridge House
West Street
Ringwood
Hampshire
England BH24 1DY
Tel: +44 (0)1425 478781
Fax: +44 (0)1425 470916
Email: sales@armfield.co.uk
Web: http://www.armfield.co.uk
US Office:
Armfield Inc.
436 West Commodore Blvd (#2)
Jackson, NJ 08527
Tel: (732) 928 3332
Fax: (732) 928 3542
Email: info@armfieldinc.com
68