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CHAPTER VISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN CHEMISTRY

1. Atomic Structure

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3 Marks:
1. Difference between particle and wave
2. State Heisenbergs uncertainty principle
3. Mention the significance of negative electronic energy
4. Define bond order

5. Formation of Helium molecule is hypothetical. Why? Or why Helium molecule does not exist?
6. Define hybridization
7. What are the conditions for effective hydrogen bonding?
5 Marks:
1. Explain the formation of N2 molecule by MOT
2. Explain the formation of O2 molecule by MOT
3. Derive de Broglie equation
4. Briefly explain molecular orbital theory or Mention the postulates of MOT ( any 6 points)
5. Explain Davisson and Germer experiment
2. Periodic Classification
3 Marks:

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1. Mention the disadvantages of Paulings and Mullikens scale

2. Electron affinity of Fluorine is less than that of chlorine.why?
3. Electron affinities of Noble gases are zero. Why?
4. Electron affinities of Berlium and Nitrogen are almost zero. Why?
5. The ionization energy of carbon is more than that of Boran.why?
6. Define ionization energy or ionization potential or ionization enthalpy
7. Define electron affinity
5 Marks:
1. Explain Paulingsmethod to determine ionic radii
2. Explain the various factors that affect electron affinity
3. Explain Paulingsscale to determine electronegativity
4. How electronegativity values helps to find out the nature of bonding between atoms

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5. How electronegativity values helps to find out the percentage of ionic character in a polar covalent bond
3. P-Block Elements
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3 Marks:
1. Define inert pair effect
2. What is plumbo solvency?
3. P2O5 is a powerful dehydrating agent. Prove
4. Phosphorous acid (H3PO3) is diprotic or dibasic acid. Why?
5. Ortho Phosporic acid (H3PO4) is tribasic or triprotic in nature.why?
6. Write notes on Holmes signal
7. Write notes on oxidizing power of fluorine
8. Why HF is not stored in glass or silica bottles?
9. What are interhalogen compounds? How is it prepared?
10. Any three uses of Helium
11. Any three uses of Neon
5 Marks:

1. How do Fluorine differs from other halogens? Or Give the anomalous nature of Fluorine
2. Uses of silicones
3. Explain the separation of Noble gases by Dewars method
4. Explain the isolation of noble gases by Ramsay-Raleighs method or how noble gases are isolated from air?
5. Explain about the structure of silicones
6. How Fluorine is isolated by Dennis method
4. d - Block Elements
3 Marks:

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1. Why do d block elements form coloured ions?

2. Write notes on the catalytic properties of d block elements
3. Why do d-block element exhibit variable oxidation states?
4. Why do d-bolck element form complexes easily?
5. Write notes on chrome plating
6. What is philosopher wool?
7. What happens when Zinc is treated with hot concentrated sodium hydroxide?
8. What is spitting of silver? How it is prevented?
9. What is aquaregia? What is the action of gold on it/

10. Write notes on chromyl chloride test

11. What is the action of heat on copper sulphate crystals?

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12. What is the action of heat on silver nitrate?

5 Marks:
[

1. Explain the extraction of zinc from zinc blende

2. How silver is extracted from Argentite ore?
3. Write notes on aluminothermic process
4. Explain the extraction of gold from its ore

5. f - Block Elements
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5 Marks:
1. Differences between lanthanides and actinides
2. Explain the extraction of lanthanides from monazite sand

3. What is lanthanide contraction? What are the causes and consequences or Mention the consequences of lanthanide
contraction
6. Coordination compounds and Bio coordination compounds
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5 Marks:
1. Postulates werners theory
2. Postulates Valence bond theory
3. Mention the functions of haemoglobin in natural process
4. How chlorophyll is important in environmental chemistry? Mention its function.
7. Nuclear Chemistry
3 Marks:
1. Define half life period
2. Define binding energy of nucleus or define mass defect
3. What is Q value of a nuclear reaction?
4. What are the uses of radiocarbon dating?

5 Marks:

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1. Difference between chemical reaction and nuclear reaction

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2. Write notes on radio carbon dating

3. Mention the medicinal applications of radio isotopes
4. Explain the nuclear reaction taking place in sun and star

8. Solid State - II
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3 Marks:
1. Define unit cell
2. Sketch SC, BCC, FCC lattices
3. State Braggs law
4. Explain molecular crystal
5. Explain metallic crystal
6. What are super conductors with graph
7. Define super conduction transition temperature
8. Mention the applications of super conductors
9. How glasses are formed?
10. What is a vitreous state?
5 Marks:
1. Mention the properties of ionic crystals
2. Explain Schottkyand Frenkel defect
3. Explain Braggs spectrometer method
9. Thermodynamics II
3 Marks:
1. State Kelvin Planck statement of II law of thermodynamics
2. State Clausiusstatement of II law of thermodynamics
3. What is entropy? Mention its unit
4. State Troutons rule
5. What type of liquids deviates from Troutons rule?
6. What is Gibbs free energy?

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5 Marks:
1. State the various statements of II law of thermodynamics
2. Mention the characteristics of entropy
3. Mention the characteristics of free energy
4. What are spontaneous reactions? What are the condition for the spontaneity of a process?

10. Chemical Equilibrium

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3 Marks:
1. Define reaction quotient Q
2. State Le Chatliersprinciple
3. What happens when ng = 0, ng = -ve, ng = +ve, in a gaseous reaction?
4. Why do equilibrium reactions referred to as dynamic equilibrium?
5. What is equilibrium constant?
6. Dissociation of PCl5 decreases in presence of increase in Cl2 why?
5 Marks:

1. Derive the relationship between Kp and Kc or Derive the relation Kp+Kc (RT) ng for a general chemical equilibrium
reaction
2. Derive the expressions for Kc and Kp for decomposition
3. Apply Le Chatliers principle for the formation of ammonia by Habers process
4. Apply Le Chatliers principle for the formation of SO3 by contact process
11. Chemical Kinetics - II
3 Marks:
1. Define order of the reaction
2. Give the examples of first order reaction
3. Define pseudo first order reaction
4. Write the Arrhenius equation and expand the terms
5. Define activation energy

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5 Marks:
1. What are the characteristics of order of the reaction
2. Explain the types of complex reaction with suitable examples
3. Difference between simple reaction and complex reaction
12. Surface Chemistry
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3 Marks:

1. Define adsorption
2. What is auto catalyst and give example?
3. What is induced catalyst?
4. What are promoters and give example?
5. What is catalytic poison and give example?
6. What are active centres?
7. Why colloidal system in gas in gas does not exist?
8. What is peptisation? Give example
9. What is Brownian movement?
10. Why does the sky appears blue in colour?
11. Write short notes on tanning
12. What are emulsion give example?
5 Marks:
1. Explain briefly about the intermediate compound formation theory
2. Explain briefly about the adsorption theory of catalysts
3. Explain the preparation of colloids by condensation methods
4. Explain the general characteristics of catalytic reactions
5. Explain electrophoresis
6. Difference between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption
13. Electrochemistry - I
3 Marks:
1. State Ostwald dilution law
2. State Faradays first law of electrolysis
3. State Faradays second law of electrolysis
4. Define electrochemical equivalent

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5. Define specific resistance

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6. Define specific conductance

7. Define equivalent conductance
8. Define molar conductance
9. State Kohlraushs law
10. Define common ion effect give example
11. What is ionic product of water?
12. What is buffers solution?
5 Marks:
1. Derive Henderson equation
2. Explain the Quinonoid theory of indicators
3. Explain Ostwalds dilution law
4. Explain the evidences of Arrhenius theory of ionization
5. Explain the postulates of Arrhenius theory
6. Difference between electronic conduction and electrolytic conduction

14. Electrochemistry - II
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5 Marks:
1. Explain about the IUPAC representation of a cell
2. Write short notes on cell terminology
3. Derive Nernst equation
15. Isomerism in Organic Chemistry
3 Marks:

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1. What are the essential conditions for a molecule to be optically active?

2. What is a Racemic mixture?
3. Meso tartaric acid is optically inactive compound with chiral carbon atom. Justify
4. Difference between Racemic form and meso form
5 Marks:
1. Difference between Enantiomer and Diastereomer
2. Explain about geometrical isomerism or Cis, Trans isomerism with suitable example
3. Comment the stability of cyclohexanol or Describe the conformations of cyclohexanol comment on their stability
4. Explain about the isomerism in tartaric acid

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16. HydroxyDerivatives

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3 Marks:
1. How phenolphthalein is prepared?
2. Write notes on Riemer-Tiemann reaction
3. Write notes on Kolbes reaction

4. Write notes on coupling reaction or how red orange dye/red dye is prepared? Or explain the dye test for phenol
5. Explain Dows process
6. Uses of benzyl alcohol
7. How acrolin is prepared? Or what happens when glycerol is treated with KHSO4?
8. How dioxin is prepared?
9. How terelene/Decton is prepared?
10. Write notes on Bouveault Blanc reduction
11. Write notes on Breath analysis test or how the consumption of alcohol by a person can be detected?
17. Ethers
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5 Marks:
1. Difference between aromatic ethers and aliphatic ethers

2. Write all the possible isomers with the molecular formula C4H10O and name them.
3. Give any three methods of preparing diethyl ether
4. Give the methods of preparation of anisole
5. How does diethyl ethers react with the following reagents?
a) O2 long contact

b) HI in excess

c) PCl5

d) dilute H2SO4

18. Carbonyl Compounds

3 Marks:
1. What is Rosenmund reduction?
2. What is Urotropine? Mention its use and give its structure
3. Write notes on Clemennsen reduction
4. Write notes in Wolff Kishner reduction
5. How paraldehyde is prepared?What is Formalin? Mention its uses
6. Write notes on benzoin condensation
7. Write notes on Perkins reaction
8. Write notes on Knoevenagal reaction
9. How isopropyl alcohol is prepared from acetone?
10. Write notes on Haloform reaction

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11. How chloritone is prepared?

12. How phorone is prepared? Or Howmesityl oxide is prepared? [I step alone]

13. Write notes on Friedel crafts acetylation
14. How mesityleneIs prepared?
15. How phenacyl bromide is prepared from acetophenone?
16. Give two test for aldehydes
5 Marks:
1. Explain the mechanism of aldol condensation or explain the mechanism of aldol condensation using CH3CHO [step
1,2,3]
2. Explain the mechanism of aldol condensation using CH3COCH3 [step 4,5,6]
3. Explain the mechanism of crossed aldol condensation
4. Explain the mechanism of cannizzaro reaction
5. Explain the mechanism of Claisen Smith reaction
6. Explain Popotts rule
7. Explain the reducing property of acetaldehyde with example
19. Carboxylic Acids
3 Marks:

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1. Write notes on HVZ reaction

2. Write notes on Kolbes reaction
3. What happens when calcium acetate is dry distilled?
4. Give the test for carboxylic acids
5. What happens when lactic acid is treated with Fentons reagent?
6. What happens when lactic acid is heated alone? Or how lactide is prepared?
7. Mention the uses of oxalic acid
8. Mention the test for salicylic acid
9. What is aspirin? How is it prepared?
10. What is methyl salicylate/ how it is prepared?
11. What is Trans esterification?
5 Marks:
1. Give the mechanism involved in the esterification of a carboxylic acid with alcohol
2. Explain the mechanism of Kolbes reaction
3. Explain the mechanism of bromination of salicylic acid
4. Explain the reducing property of formic acid
5. How is oxalic acid manufactured from sodium formate?

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6. What happens when lactic acid is i) Treated with dilute H2SO4 ii) heated alone iii) oxidized with alkaline KMnO4
20. Organic Nitrogen Compounds
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3 Marks:
1. Write notes on GabrielsPhthalimide syntheses
2. Write notes on carbylamines reaction
3. Write notes on mustard oil reaction
4. Write notes on SchottenBaumann reaction
5. Write notes on diazotization
6. Write notes on carbylamine reaction (aromatic)
7. Write notes on Sand Meyer reaction
8. Write notes on Gattermann reaction
9. Write notes on Gomberg or Gomberg Bachmann reaction
10. Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary amines

11. How do primary, secondary and tertiary amines are react with nitrous aced?
12. Write notes on reduction of nitro benzene under different conditions

21. Biomolecules
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5 Marks:

1. Outline the classification of carbohydrates giving example for each

2. How the structure of Glucose is determined?
3. How the structure of Fructose is determined?
22. Chemistry in Action
3 Marks:

1. Define chemotherapy
2. What are anaesthetics ? Give example
3. What are analgesics? Give example
4. What are antipyratics?
5. What are antiseptic? Give example
6. What are antiprotozoals? Give example
7. What are antibiotics? Give example
8. What are antacids? Give example

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9. What are antipasmodics? Give example

10. What are a characteristics of a dye?
11. What are chromophores? Give example
12. What are antioxidants? Give example
13. How Buna-s is prepared?
14. How Buna-N is prepared?
15. How Nylon-66 is prepared?
5 Marks:
1. Explain briefly on characteristics of rocket propellants
2. Explain briefly about the colour and structure of dyes
3. Explain briefly about anaesthetics
4. Explain briefly about Buna rubbers

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