HUMAN DISEASE DETECTION ARCHITECTURE

USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
GUIDED BY: M.JENATH
STUDENTS: G.R.PRIYADHARSHINI
V.SUSITHRA
R.NAFSIN
M.THARAGESHWARI

Abstract: With the increase in

probability of diseases due to
environment and gene misspellings
there is always a preventive notion
among people. Disease prediction
has been difficult because of change
in DNA over time. A novel
architecture is proposed to find the
probability of diseases which affect
the humans due to gene misspellings
and change in DNA over time. In the
proposed architecture DNA
microarray technology is used to
extract genes and using digital
image processing the image of genes
are characterized .The artificial
neural network calculates the
mutated value and helps to find the
probability of disease to be affected .
INTRODUCTION :
Bio-informatics is a rapidly growing area
of computer science, which melds both
biological data and computer calculations. It
is essential to use the genomic information
in understanding human diseases and in the

identification of new molecular target for

drug discovery. Each of the trillions of
cells in the human body contains 46
chromosomes packed tightly into the region
called nucleus. Half of the chromosomes in
the nucleus come from mother and half from
father. Each chromosome is a long, tightly
coiled molecule called DNA [1,2,4,5] or
deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is made up of
chemical building blocks like A, C, T and G.
The entire length of a DNA strand consists
of the above four blocks in different
combinations. The entire DNA in all the
chromosomes makes up the human genome.
The DNA in the genome [4] is organized
into units called genes. There may be as
many as 30,000 genes in the genome; they
are the instruction manual for making all the
proteins in the body. These proteins are the
physical stuff that makes up our hair, skin,
heart and blood. They also control chemical
reactions that regulate blood sugar and heart
rate, and control how food or medicine is
metabolized in the body. The way the
genes spelled makes the difference.
Misspelling in a gene can cause disease.
From the normal sequence of the human
genome, researchers can compare the DNA
sequence [2,4] of normal and diseased
people. If there are differences in the

spelling of certain genes between the two

groups, its possible that the disease is
caused by misspelling in that gene.
Scientist has identified about 6000 diseases,
such as Huntington disease and cystic
fibrosis that are directly caused by
misspellings or physical problems in single
genes. But the genetic contribution to
common conditions such as diabetes and
heart disease is a part of a larger puzzle
that could include diet, lifestyle,
environment, and even other genes. For
many of these common conditions, genetic
misspellings probably makes a small
contribution to disease relative to other
factors, or work in concert with them to
cause illness. New biological reports that
are published recently says that the DNA
expression changes over time.

PROBLEM DEFINITION :
A Novel prototype architecture is
designed, for the disease prediction for all
age groups including infants based on the
combination of parent DNA using Artificial
Neural Networks (ANN), which is depicted
in fig.2. The proposed architecture integrates
Microarray Technology, Digital Image
Processing, and Disease probing and
Artificial Neural Networks.
A. DNA Microarray Data Analysis DNA
microarray is used to measure the expression
levels of large numbers of genes. The blood
or tissue samples from Bio- informatics wet
lab are collected and processed through
Microarray analysis. The output of this
analysis will be a gene expression image,
from the DNA sequence of the given parent

pair that are stored in a database in a file

format .TIFF or .JPEG.
B. Gene Extraction The gene expression
is the most fundamental level in which the
genotype gives rise to the phenotype.
Genotype contains all the hereditary
information of an individual, even if genes
are not expressed. DNA, susceptible to the
diseases are its examples. Phenotype is an
observable trait that contains expressed
genes. Hair color and weight are the notable
examples of phenotype. So, with the gene
expression image obtained from the
Microarray Analysis, the highlighted
mutated genes are characterized.
C. Image Analysis of Characterized Gene
The morphological adaptive image
enhancement and alignment methods are
applied to the extracted images. These
methods are adaptive to the local
characteristics of the image such as noise,
background signal, or presence of edges.
The waveform analysis is used to determine
the location of each band that represents one
nucleotide in the sequence from which the
image array of the mutated part can be
extracted.
D. Disease Probing As the relationship
between genetic mutations and the
predisposition to certain diseases are known;
it becomes more important to screen for
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in
entire populations, using low cost and fast
methods. A draw back in this technology is
the enormous time consumption in the
design of probes. To overcome this
computational solution is implemented to
automate the process of probe design for the

combination of the mutated image array in

high accuracy.

environments, food habits and stress levels

in the people.

E. Artificial Neural Network System

The array obtained from the disease probing
algorithm is analyzed and input its mutated
values to previously trained network,
depicted in fig.1. With the help of disease
prediction algorithm, the probability of
disease can be listed to infants and the
comparison results will be made with
support vector machines. In ANN normally
only one hidden layer is used. In order to
find the prediction of disease for all age
group people another hidden layer is
included to provide weighted values for the

Fig 1:

CONCLUSION:
The novel architecture for predicting diseases for humans of all age groups caused due to
misspelling of genes and change in DNA over time. The architecture is implemented in
MATLAB. The proposed system integrates Digital Image Processing, DNA microarray and
Artificial Neural Networks. The expression of genes is obtained and processed to find the
mutations. Further change in DNA and effect of surroundings, stress levels and food habits of the
people which leads to many diseases like hypertension, diabetes are also found using this
architecture.

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Fig 2: Proposed architecture for detecting the probability of diseases

Study of the
Characteristi
cs of
Extracted
Gene

Gene
Expression

GENE
EXTRACTION

Male DNA
/ DNA /
Female
DNA

IMAGE
ANALYSIS

Micro
Array
Analysis
Imag
e

Gene
Expression

GENE
EXTRACTION

ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL
NETWORK

Probability
of Diseases

Mutated
Values Input

DISEASE
PROBING

Study of the
Characteristi
cs of
Extracted
Gene

IMAGE
ANALYSIS

Image Array
of Mutated
Value and
Change in
DNA Array

ANALYSIS OF
DNA wrt
SURROUNDINGS
AND FOOD