Professional Documents
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Chapter B :
Basics Principles
funded by
Speaker:
XXXX YYYYY
Insolation of walls/windows/roofs
Functions to insure
Air treatment
fresh air
air filtering
cooling /
heating with
water circulation
Comfort concepts
activity degree
thermal resistance (clothes)
internal ambiant temperature
average irradiant temperature
air speed
relative humidity
4
Comfort concept
Efficient standard
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28
27
26
25
24
23
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
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Principles
Water content
per air volume (g/m3)
! 3: zone favourable
for acarians
developpment
! 4: hygrothermal
comfort zone
Air-conditioning loads
return air
solar loads
(temperature)
internal loads
(temperature +
humdity)
conductive gains
(temperature)
conditioning of fresh air
(temperature + humidity)
supply air
internal loads
load
++
eventually time shift depending on
main orientation of glassed areas
+
time shift due to building thermal
mass
+correlation mainly on a seasonal
level
Zenith
Solar
1000
Solarirradiation
irradiation
93
83
800
Cooling
Cooling
needs
needs
73
63
600
53
43
400
33
23
200
13
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
External
Externaltemperature
temperature
on the day
Source : TECSOL
1200
190
Irradiation
Irradiation
1000
170
Cooling
Coolingload
load
150
Heating
Heatingload
load
130
110
600
kW
W/m
800
90
400
70
50
200
30
June
Aug
O
kt
ob
er
A
ug
us
t
Ju
li
Jul
Sept
Oct
D
ez
em
be
r
May
Ju
ni
M
ai
A
pr
il
M
r
z
March April
N
ov
em
be
r
Feb
S
ep
te
m
be
r
Jan
10
F
eb
ru
ar
Ja
nu
ar
Nov
Dec
Source : TECSOL
10
Principles
insolation
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Okt Nov Dec
Source : Fraunhofer, ISE
11
200
150
Example:
Example:
office
office
building
buildingin
in
Madrid
Madrid
Chapter B : Basics - Principles
solar
100
50
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
-2
-50
-4
-100
-6
-150
heating
-8
-200
-10
-250
Source : Fraunhofer, ISE
250
cooling
10
12
50
Merida
Madrid
Copenhagen
Palermo
Freiburg
100.6
kWh
kWh/m2
40
30
20
Example:
Example:
office
office
building
building
10
0
Heating
Humidification
Cooling
Dehumidification
13
Disclaimer
This training has been developed in the context of SOLAIR. SOLAIR is a European cooperation project for increasing the market implementation of solar-air-conditioning
systems for small and medium applications in residential and commercial buildings. For
further information on the project or on products of the project see: www.solairproject.eu
The project SOLAIR is supported by the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programme of
the European Union promoting energy efficiency and renewables. More details on the
IEE programme can be found on: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/index_en.html
The sole responsibility for the content of this training lies with the authors. It does not
represent the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not
responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Chapter B : Basics - Principles
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