Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IN BRAZIL
Fact Sheet
October 2012
Secretariat for Social Communication
Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil
Biodiversity in Brazil
About Secom
The Secretariat for Social Communication (SECOM) of the Presidency of
Brazil is responsible for coordinating the public relations activities for
the government of Brazil. The official website of the Brazilian State
is www.brasil.gov.br.
Melissa Banas
melissa.banas@fleishman.com
+1-347-891-2890
Biodiversity in Brazil
Contents
BASIC FACTS 4
BRAZILIAN BIOMES 5
PROGRESS IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 10
SATELLITE MONITORING 13
OTHER CONSERVATION INITIATIVES 15
ESTABLISHING BIODIVERSITY TARGETS FOR 2020 19
ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING (ABS) 20
Photos: Juan Pratginests
Tucan
BASIC FACTS
Brazil is among the most biodiverse nations in the world:
Sussuarana
Biodiversity in Brazil
BRAZILIAN BIOMES
Brazils biodiversity is distributed around the countrys six
biomes, and its Marine and Coastal Zone:
AMAZON BIOME
CAATINGA
BIOME
CERRADO
BIOME
PANTANAL BIOME
ATLANTIC
FOREST BIOME
PAMPA BIOME
Biodiversity in Brazil
Biodiversity in Brazil
Cerrado (Savanna)
The Cerrado biome is formed by a complex set of habitat mosaics and plant
varieties that occupy all of central Brazil. Considered one of the worlds
richest savannas, the Cerrado region represents an estimated 5 percent
of all global biodiversity. Scientists have identified around 12,000 plant
species, of which around 4,400 are exclusive to this biome. The Cerrado
currently covers 24 percent of Brazil and is the primary source of the
countrys water basins.
Caatinga (Tropical Scrub Forest)
Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome located in the Northeastern
semiarid region. Its vegetation is uniquely formed by small woody and
herbaceous species, usually carrying thorns, cactuses, and bromeliads. It is
estimated that at least 932 plant species have already been registered in
the region, of which 380 are exclusive to this biome. In terms of vertebrate
fauna, there are 158 species of mammals, 510 species of birds (of which
15 are endemic and 20 are endangered), 107 species of reptiles, 49 of
amphibians and 185 types of fish.
Cerrado Vegetation
Biodiversity in Brazil
Biodiversity in Brazil
Biodiversity in Brazil
Caatinga
Mata
Atlntica
Cerrado
Pampa
Pantanal
Area
(km2)
Area
(km2)
Area
(km2)
Area
(km2)
Area
(km2)
Area
(km2)
1.094,094
26,1%
61.859
7,3%
167.415
8,2%
98.562
8,9%
4.827
2,7%
6.600
4,4%
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Biodiversity in Brazil
11
Rate (Km2)
2000
18,226
2001
18,165
2002
21,651
2003
25,396
2004
27,772
2005
19,014
2006
14,286
2007
11,651
2008
12,911
2009
7,464
2010
7.000
2011
6.418
12
SATELLITE MONITORING
Brazils National Institute for Space Research (INPE), tied to the Ministry
of Science and Technology, uses satellite imagery to assess the extent and
rate of gross deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, a powerful tool to
help tackle forest destruction in the region. INPE uses different systems to
measure both annual and near real-time deforestation.
DETER (near-real time deforestation detection)
DETER images allows for an estimation of the amount of deforestation
and where it is happening each fortnight. The main purpose is to show
the Brazilian Environment Institutes enforcement officials where they
should go and investigate. DETER images are public and accessible on
the Internet through the DETER webpage.
(http://www.obt.inpe.br/deter/cadastro.php).
PRODES (yearly deforestation rate assessment)
PRODES calculates the yearly consolidated deforestation rate in the
Brazilian Amazon. The satellites involved (LANDSAT and CD/CBERS)
work on an 18 day and 25 day re-visit cycle and provide precise
images, making it possible to detect any deforested area larger
than six hectares. PRODES images are also available on the internet
(www.obt.inpe.br/prodes).
Annual assessments have been conducted since 1988. Starting in 2002,
these assessments have been based on digital satellite images. The annual
deforestation rate is given for the period 1 August 31 July each year.
The Brazilian government has already started similar monitoring initiatives
for other biomes, generating information to enhance surveillance and law
enforcement actions to reduce deforestation across the country.
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13
Biodiversity in Brazil
14
Biodiversity in Brazil
15
COASTLINES
To encourage environmentally-sustainable behavior among tourists
traveling along the coast, the government has employed public awareness
campaigns around beaches and reef environments that have been
negatively impacted by excessive visitation and practices that are unfriendly
to the environment. Tourist destinations such as Jurere Beach in the state
of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil have already received the Blue Flag, a
certificate that guarantees a locations environmental quality.
WETLANDS
Brazil is also part of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, an
intergovernmental treaty that establishes milestones for international
cooperation for the conservation and sustainable use of these areas.
Wetlands provide ecological benefits to flora and fauna as well as human
populations, in addition to regulating the water regime of vast regions.
These areas are a source of recreation and play a key role in the climate
change mitigation and adaptation process because they are large carbon
reservoirs. There are 11 Ramsar sites in Brazil, including protected areas
in the Pantanal, the Amazon, the Cerrado, and coastal areas of the
northeastern and southern regions of Brazil.
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MANGROVES
Since 2007, Brazil has been developing a project funded by the Global
Environment Facility (GEF) for the conservation and sustainable use of
mangroves. These coastal areas are home to more than 800 species.
Mangroves also provide shoreline protection and water quality
maintenance, and serve as nurseries for the developmental stages of many
marine species.
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
Protected areas along the Brazilian coastline serve as a tool for the
management of fisheries in several regions. By restricting fishing in certain
areas, the government ensures the reproduction of species that are
important to the aquatic environment and serve as food or income for
local fishermen. One of the best examples of this type of management is
the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Reserve in the state of Amazonas
in northern Brazil. Thanks to a restriction on the fishing of pirarucu - the
largest fish in the Amazon - it was possible to restore the populations that
were threatened with extinction due to overharvesting. In addition to
repopulating the regions rivers, pirarucu is now protected under the rules
of sustainable management that help conserve the species.
Community near the Negro River
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Biodiversity in Brazil
18
ESTABLISHING BIODIVERSITY
TARGETS FOR 2020
In 2012, Brazils Ministry of Environment and civil society partners launched
the Dialogues on Biodiversity: building the Brazilian strategy for 2020
an inclusive process with the main objective of developing the national
targets for the Strategic Plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity for
2020.
Five major meetings were held in 2011, in addition to numerous preparation
and qualification meetings, to engage five core sectors of Brazilian society:
business; environmental community; academia; government (federal and
state); and indigenous peoples and traditional communities.
During these meetings, the sectors developed proposals for national
biodiversity targets based on the 20 Global Biodiversity Targets (Aichi
Targets) to suit their specific views and needs. All participants were guided
by the need to agree on a streamlined set of targets that could be more
effectively achieved and monitored.
Following the work carried out in the sectoral meetings, all proposals were
consolidated into a single document containing proposals for national
biodiversity targets for 2020 and intermediate sub-targets to be achieved
from 2013 to 2017.
This consolidated document was available for public consultation between
December 19, 2011 and January 31, 2012, with the aim of gathering further
input from Brazilian society in developing the national biodiversity targets
for 2020, as well as obtaining a critical analysis of the targets already
proposed by the sectors consulted.
The proposals submitted by Brazilian Society were reviewed by the National
Biodiversity Commission (Comisso Nacional de Biodiversidade CONABIO)
to shape the final formulation of Brazils national targets. The national
targets have not yet been set, and are still under discussion in that forum.
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Brazil was one of the first countries to put in place ten years ago domestic
legislative, administrative and policy measures designed to implement the
Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) objective at the national level.
As a biologically diverse country, with a rich population of indigenous
and local communities holding valuable knowledge about their genetic
resources, and significant scientific and technological capacity, Brazil sees a
functioning and fair ABS system as the key to developing new biodiversitybased activities that will generate benefits for the nation, including the
further conservation and sustainable use of Brazils biological heritage.
For this reason Brazil was a vocal advocate for the negotiation of the
international regime and played a prominent role in its negotiation over six
years including in the difficult final hours of the negotiations in Nagoya
in October 2010, helping to ensure that an agreement was reached and the
text of the Nagoya Protocol adopted.
On World Environment Day (5 June 2012) President Dilma Rousseff
submitted the Nagoya Protocol for ratification by Brazils National Congress.
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make-up of living things. Over time, this treaty can become a key element
in facilitating the growth of a bio-based economy.
The Nagoya Protocol is based on the fundamental principles of access and
benefit-sharing enshrined in the CBD. As we have seen, these principles
involve potential users of genetic resources obtaining the prior informed
consent (PIC) of the country in which the genetic resource is located before
accessing the resource, and negotiating and agreeing on the terms and
conditions of access and use of this resource through the establishment
of mutually agreed terms (MAT). This agreement includes the sharing
of benefits arising from the use of the resource with the provider as a
prerequisite for access to the genetic resource and its use. Conversely,
countries, when acting as providers of genetic resources, should provide
fair and non-arbitrary rules and procedures for access to their genetic
resources.
ABS in Brazil
As a provider of genetic resources, Brazil seeks to use this potential wealth to
foster research and development that will build scientific and technological
capacity, create wealth, promote sustainable human development, and
contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of its natural capital.
Brazils National Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy 2012 2015
aims to make the country a world leader in both biodiversity research and
in the sustainable use of biodiversity. It envisions reinvesting a part of the
revenues obtained from the commercialization of products and processes
derived from Brazils high level of species diversity in the conservation of
its enormous natural assets.
Genetic resources and issues relating to ABS affect many activities and
sectors of the economy, from botanical gardens, culture collections and
research collections, the bio-control industry, seed banks, agriculture/green
biotech, pharmaceuticals and industrial biotech, cosmetics, horticulture,
and the food and beverage sector. However, most collecting activities in
the wild are done by researchers or representatives of collections. There are
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very few commercial users that directly collect in the wild, mainly coming
from the bio-control industry, the horticultural sector, some niche market
companies in the cosmetics sector, and some collection of microorganisms
for research and development in industrial biotechnology.
Brazil is at the same time a user and a provider of genetic resources.
Agriculture in the country is based heavily on crops whose center of origin
is not Brazil coffee originally from the Horn of Africa, sugarcane and
rice from Southeast Asia, soybean and oranges from East Asia, wheat from
the Middle East and Brazils researchers need access to genetic resources
from these centers of origin or international research institutes in order to
protect against crop diseases, improve yields and adapt to the impacts of
climate change.
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