Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 1
Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

b1
b2
b3

XM

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + b3M

eY
1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 1
Multicategorical M with k categories
(PROCESS v2.14 or later)

Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

b2

D1

.
.
.

.
.
.

D 1X

.
.
.

bk+1

.
.
.

bk

Dk-1
M

eY

b1

b2k-1

Dk-1X

XM

.
.
.

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + bk+1D1 +

+ b2k-1D2k-1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 1
Multicategorical X with k categories
(PROCESS v2.14 or later)

Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

D1
X

eY

b1

.
.
.

.
.
.

Dk-1

bk-1

M
D1M

.
.
.

bk+1

.
.
.

bk

Dk-1M

XM

Conditional effect of X on Y =

b1 + bk+1M
.
.
.

bk-1 + b2k-1M

b2k-1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 2
Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

XM
b4

b2
b1

b3

W
b5

XW

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + b4M + b5W

eY
1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 3
Conceptual Diagram

Statistical Diagram

MW
b6

XM
b4

eY

b2

b1

b3
b5

b7

XW
XMW

Conditional effect of X on Y = b1 + b4M + b5W+ b7MW

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 4
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram

eMi
1

Mi
ai

bi

eY
1

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 4 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 5
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

bi

eY
1

c1'

c2'

c3'

XW

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 5 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 6
(2 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram

M2

M1

Statistical Diagram

eM2

e M1

M1
a1

d21

a2

M2
b1

b2

eY
1

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi only = ai bi

Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial = a1 d21 b2
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 6 allows up to 4 mediators operating in serial.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 6
(3 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram

M2
M3

M1

Statistical Diagram
eM

eM

d21

M1
a1

a2

eM
M2

d32

M3

d31

b2

a3

b3

eY

b1

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi only = ai bi

Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial = a1 d21 b2
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M3 in serial = a1 d31 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2 and M3 in serial = a2 d32 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, and M3 in serial = a1 d21 d32 b3
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 6
(4 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram

M3

M2

M4

M1

Statistical Diagram
eM

eM

eM

d21

M2
d31

M1
a1

a2

d32

eM

d43

d42

M4

d41
b2

a3
a4

M3

b1

b3

b4

c'

Indirect effect of X on Y through Mi only = ai bi

Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial = a1 d21 b2
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M3 in serial = a1 d31 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M4 in serial = a1 d41 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2 and M3 in serial = a2 d32 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2 and M4 in serial = a2 d42 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M3 and M4 in serial = a3 d43 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, and M3 in serial = a1 d21 d32 b3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, and M4 in serial = a1 d21 d42 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M3, and M4 in serial = a1 d31 d43 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M2, M3, and M4 in serial = a2 d32 d43 b4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M1, M2, M3, and M4 in serial = a1 d21 d32 d43 b4
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

eY
1

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 7
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY
1

a 2i
c'

X
a3i

XW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 7 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 8
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY
1

a 2i
c1'

X
a3i

c2'
c3'

XW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
Note: Model 8 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 9
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
W

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY
1

a 2i

X
c'
a3i

a4i

a5i

Z
XW

XZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ) bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 9 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 10
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
W

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY

a5i

a2i

c1'

c2'

a3 i

c3'

a 4i

c4'

c5'

Z
XW

XZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ) bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z
*Model 10 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 11
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
bi
a2i

eY
1

a 3i

a4i

XW

c'

a5i

a6i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) bi

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 11 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 12
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY

a2i

c1'
c2'

a3i

c3'

a4i

c4'

c5'

a5i

XW

c6'
a 6i

a7i

c7'

XZ
WZ

XWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
Note: Model 12 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 13
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

bi

eY

a2i

c1'

a3i

c2'

a4i

c3'

a5i

XW

a6i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) bi

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 13 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 14
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

b 1i

eY
1

c'

X
b2

b3i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b3iV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 14 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 15
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
b 1i

ai

XV
c3'
c1'

eY
1

c2'

b2 i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
Note: Model 15 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 16
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
V

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

b 1i

eY
1

c'

b2

b3
b4i

MiV

b5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 16 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 17
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

XV

b1i

eY

c4'

c1'

c2'
c3'

b2 i

c5'

XQ

MiV

b 3i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b2iV + b3iQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q
*Model 17 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 18
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai
b1i

c'

b2

eY

b3

b4 i
b5i

MiV

b6

b7i

MiQ
VQ

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 18 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 19
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
ai
b1i

eY

c1'

c2'

c3'

c4'
c5'

XV

c6'

c7'

b2i

b3i

b4i

XQ
VQ

XVQ

MiV

MiQ

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b2iV + b3iQ + b4iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q + c7'VQ
*Model 19 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 20
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
ai
b1i

eY

c1'

c2'

c3'

XV

b2
b3

b4i

MiV

MiQ

b5i

VQ

b6i

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + b3iV + b4iQ + b6iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
*Model 20 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 21
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

b1 i

eY
1

a2i
c'

X
a3i

b2

XW

b3i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b3iV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 21 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 22
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
a2i

b1 i

c1'

eY

a3i

c2'

c3'

XW

b2

b3i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b3iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
Note: Model 22 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 23
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a 1i

eY
1

a2i
c'

X
a3i
a 4i

a5i

b2

b3i

Z
XW

XZ

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b3iV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 23 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 24
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a 1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

X
a 3i

a4i

a5i

c2'
c3'

W
c4'

b2

b3i

c5'

Z
XW

XZ

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b3iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5' Z
*Model 24 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 25
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i
b1i

a2i

eY
1

a3i

a4i

XW

c'

a 5i

a6 i

a7i

b2

b3i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b3iV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 25 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 26
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

b1i

eY

a2i

c1'
c2'
c3'

a3i

W
a4i

c4'

c5'

a5i

XW

c6'
a6i

a7i

b2

c7'

b3i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b3iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
*Model 26 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 27
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

b1i

eY

a2i

c1'
c2'

a3i

W
a4i

c3'

Z
a 5i

XW
a6i

b2

b3i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b3iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 27 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 28
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
b 1i

a 1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

X
W
XW

a3i

c3'

XV

c2'

b2i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
*Model 28 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 29
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
b 1i

a 1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

c2'

a3i

c4'
c3'

b2i

c5'

XW

XV

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'V
*Model 29 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 30
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a 1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

a 3i

a4i
a5i

Z
XW

XZ

c2'

XV

c3'

b2i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
*Model 30 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 31
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a 1i

eY
1

a2i

c1'

c2'

a 3i

c3'

a4i

c4'
a 5i

c5'

Z
XW

XZ

c6'

c7'

XV

b2i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'V
*Model 31 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 32
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a 1i
b 1i

a2i

c1'

a3i

eY

W
a4i

a 5i

XW

a6 i

a7i

c2'

b2i

c3'

XZ
WZ

XWZ

XV

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
*Model 32 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 33
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a 1i
b 1i

a2i

c1'

a3i

c2'

eY

c3'
c4'

c5'

a 4i

c6'

XW

a5i

c7'
a6i

c8'

b2i

c9'

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

XV

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ + c9'V
*Model 33 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 34
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a 1i
b 1i

a2i

c1'

a3i

c2'

XW

a5i

c3'

a4i

eY

a6i

c4'

a7i

c5'

b2i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

XV

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b2iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W + c5'V
*Model 34 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 35
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

b1i

a2i

c'

eY
1

a 3i
b2

XW

b3
b 4i

b 5i

Q
MiV

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 35 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 36
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

V
V

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

b1i

a2i

c1'

eY
1

a 3i
c2'

XW

c3'
c4'

c5'

b2i

b3i

Q
XV

XQ

MiV

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q
*Model 36 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 37
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

b1 i

a2i

eY

c'

a 3i
b2

XW
b3
b4i

b5i

b6

b7i

Q
MiV

MiQ

VQ

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 37 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 38
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a3i

XW

a2i

b 1i

a1i

eY

c1'

X
c2'

V
c3'

c4'

XV
XQ

c5'

VQ

c6'

c7'

XVQ

b2i

MiV

b3i

MiQ

b 4i

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ + b4iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q + c7'VQ
*Model 38 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 39
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

X
W

b1 i

a2i

eY

c1'

a 3i
c2'

XW

c3'

V
b2

b3 i

b4 i

b5

b 6i

VX
Q

MiV

MiQ

VQ

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b3iV + b4iQ + b6iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
*Model 39 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 40
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

b1i

a2i

c1'

c2'

a 3i

eY

c3'
b2

XW

b3

b4i

b5i

Q
MiV

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 40 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 41
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

V
V

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

b1i

a2i

c1'

c2'

a3i

eY

c3'
c4'

XW

c5'
c6'

c7'

b2i

b3i

Q
XV

XQ

MiV

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W + c6'V + c7'Q
*Model 41 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 42
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

b1 i

a2i

c1'

c2'

a 3i

eY

c3'
b2i

XW

b3i
b4i

b5i

b6i

b7i

VQ

MiVQ

Q
MiV

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 42 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 43
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a3i
a 2i

XW

b 1i
c3'

eY

c2'

a1i

c1'

X
c4'

V
c5'

c6'

XV
XQ

c7'

VQ

c8'

c9'

XVQ

b2i

MiV

b3i

MiQ

b 4i

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ + b4iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W + c6'V + c7'Q + c9'VQ
*Model 43 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 44
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a 1i

X
W

b1 i

a2i

eY

c1'

c2'
a 3i

c3'
c4'

XW

c5'

V
b2

b3 i

b4 i

b 5i

b 6i

VX
Q

MiV

MiQ

VQ

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b3iV + b4iQ + b6iVQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W + c5'V
*Model 44 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 45
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

b1i

a2i

eY
1

a3i

a4i

XW
XZ

c'

a5i

b3

b2

b4i

MiV

b5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 45 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 46
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a 4i

XW

a2i

b1i

a1i

eY

a3i

c'

a5i

Z
a6i

a7i

XZ
WZ

b2

XWZ

b3

b4 i

MiV

b5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 46 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 47
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

VQ

Mi

MiVQ

a4i

XW

a2i

b1 i

b6i

b 7i

a1i

W
c'

X
Z

a3i

eY
a5i

XZ

b2

b3

b4 i

MiV

b 5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 47 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 48
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

VQ

Mi

MiVQ

a4i

XW

a2i

b1i

b6 i

b 7i

a1i

W
a 3i

c'

a 5i

eY

Z
a6i

a7i

XZ
WZ

b2

XWZ

b3

b4i

MiV

b 5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) .

(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 48 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 49
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

b1i

a2i

eY

c1'

c2'

c3'

a3i

c4'

a4i

XW
XZ

c5'
a5i

b2

b3

b4i

MiV

b5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = + c1' + c4'W + c5' Z
*Model 49 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 50
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a4i
a2i

XW

b1i

a1i

eY

c1'

a3i

a5i
c2'

XZ
V

c3'

XV

c4'

c5'

XQ

b2i

MiV

b 3i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q
*Model 50 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 51
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a4i

XW

b 1i

a2i
a1i

c4'

eY

c2'
c1'
c3'

X
a3i

a5i

a6i

a7 i
c6'
c7'

XZ
WZ

XWZ

c5'

b2

b3

b4i

MiV

b5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
*Model 51 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 52
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi

MiV

MiQ

a4i

XW

a2i
b1i

a1i

b2i

b3i

W
c1'

a3i

a5i

a6i

XZ
WZ

a7 i

c2'

XWZ

c3'

c4'

XV

eY

c5'

XQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q
*Model 52 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 53
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a4i
b 1i

a2i

XW

a1i

c4'

eY

c2'

c1'

c3'

a3i

c5'

a5i

XZ

b2

b3

b4i

MiV

b5 i

MiQ

b6

VQ

b7i

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z
*Model 53 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 54
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi

XQ

XV

XVQ

a4i
c5'

c4'

a2i

XW

c7'

b1i

a1i

W
c1'

a3i

eY

a 5i

XZ

c2'

c3'

MiV

b2i

b3i

MiQ

c6'

b4i

VQ

MiVQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ + b4iVQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'V + c5'Q + c7'VQ
*Model 54 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 55
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

VQ

Mi

MiVQ

a 4i

XW

a2i

b1i

a1i

b6

b7i

c4'

c2'
c1'
c3'

X
a3i

a5i

a6i

c6'
c7'

XZ
WZ

a7i

XWZ

c5'

b2

b3

b4 i

MiV

eY

b5i

MiQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) .

(b1i + b4iV + b5iQ + b7iVQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
*Model 55 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 56
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

XVQ

Mi

MiV

MiQ

MiVQ

a4i

XW

c7'

a2i

b2i

b3i

b4i

b1i

a1i

W
c1'

a3i

a5i

a6i

a7i

c2'

XZ
WZ

XWZ

eY

c3'

c4'

XV

c5'

XQ

c6'

VQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) .

(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ + b4iVQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = (c1' + c4'V + c5'Q + c7'VQ)
*Model 56 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 57
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

XVQ

Mi

MiV

MiQ

MiVQ

a4i

XW

c13'

a2i

b2i

b3i

b4i

b1i

a1i

c4'

c2'
c1'
c3'

X
a3i

a5i

a6i

c6'
c7'

XZ
WZ

a7i

XWZ

eY

c5'

c8'

c9'

c10'

XV

c11'

XQ

c12'

VQ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) .

(b1i + b2iV + b3iQ + b4iVQ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = (c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ + c10'V + c11'Q + c13'VQ)
*Model 57 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 58
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
b 1i

a1i

eY
1

a2i
c'

X
a3i
b2

b3i

XW

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW) (b1i + b3iW)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 58 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 59
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i

b 1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

X
a3 i

c2'
c3'

b2i

XW

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW) (b1i + b2iW)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
Note: Model 59 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 60
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
Z

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i

eY
1

a2i
c'

X
b2

a 3i

W
a4i

a5i

b3i

Z
XW

XZ

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW+ a5iZ) (b1i + b3iW)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 60 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 61
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
Z

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

c2'

a 3i

W
a4i

a5i

c3'

b2i

Z
XW

XZ

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW+ a5iZ) (b1i + b2iW)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 61 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 62
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
Z

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

X
a 3i

a4i

a5i

b2
c2'

c3'

b3i

Z
XW

XZ

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW+ a5iZ) (b1i + b3iW)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'Z
*Model 62 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 63
Conceptual Diagram

Mi
Z

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

X
a3i

a4i

a 5i

c2'
c3'

W
c4'

c5'

b2 i

Z
XW

XZ

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW+ a5iZ) (b1i + b2iW)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z
*Model 63 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 64
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

b1i

eY
1

a2i
c'

X
a 3i

b2

W
b3

XW

MiW

b4i

b5 i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW) (b1i + b4iW + b5iV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 64 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 65
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i

b1 i

eY
1

a2i
c1'

X
a3i

c2'
c3'

b2

XW

MiW

b3 i

b4i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW) (b1i + b3iW + b4iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W
*Model 65 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 66
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i

eY

a2i

c1'

b2

a3i

c2'

XW

c3'

XV

b3i

MiW

b4i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW) (b1i + b3iW + b4iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'V
*Model 66 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 67
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i

eY

a2i

c1'

c2'

a3i

c3'

c4'

XW

XV

c5'

MiW

b2i

b3i

MiV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW) (b1i + b2iW + b3iV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c3'W + c5'V
*Model 67 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 68
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
b 1i

a 2i

X
a 3i

eY
1

c'
b2

a4i

a5i
a6i

XW

a7i

b3i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b3iW)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 68 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 69
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
b 1i

a 2i

X
a 3i

eY
1

c1'
c2'

c3'

a4i

c4'

c5'

a5i

XW

a6i

c6'
c7'

b2i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiW

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ)(b1i + b2iW)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
*Model 69 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 70
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
b1i

a1i
a2i

eY
1

a3 i
c'

X
b2

b3

XW
b4i

MiW

b5 i

MiV

b6

WV

b7i

MiWV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b4iW + b5iV + b7iWV)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 70 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 71
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
b 1i

a2i

eY
1

c1'

a3i

c2'

c3'
c4'

c5'
c6'

XW

c7'

b2 i

b 3i

b4i

XV
WV

XWV

MiW

MiV

MiWV

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a3iW)(b1i + b2iW + b3iV + b4iWV)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'V + c7'WV
*Model 71 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 72
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a 1i
b1i

a2i

c'

a 3i

b2

a 4i

eY

b3

a 5i

b6
a6i

XW

a7i

b4i
b5i

b7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiW

MiZ

MiWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) .

(b1i + b4iW + b5iZ + b7iWZ)
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 72 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 73
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
a1i
b1i

a2i

eY

X
W

c1'

a 3i

c2'

c3'

a4i

c4'

c5'

a5i

XW

a6i

c6'
c7'

b2i

b3i

b4i

a7i

XZ
WZ

XWZ

MiW

MiZ

MiWZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ + a7iWZ) .

(b1i + b2iW + b3iZ + b4iWZ)
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z + c7'WZ
*Model 73 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 74
Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
eMi
1

Mi
ai

b 1i

eY
1

XMi

c1'

c2i'

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = ai (b1i + c2i'X)

Conditional direct effect of X = c1' + c2i'M
Note: Model 74 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel. PROCESS does not
produce a table of conditional direct effects for model 74. With only one mediator, use
model 1 to generate the conditional direct effects, specifying M as moderator.

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 75
(PROCESS v2.05 or later)

Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
b 1i

a 2i

X
a3i

c'
b2

a4i

eY

b3

a5i

XW
b4i

b 5i

XZ
MiW

MiZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b4iW + b5iZ)

Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 75 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel

Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS

c
2013-2015
Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press

Model 76
(PROCESS v2.05 or later)

Conceptual Diagram

Mi

Statistical Diagram
e Mi
1

Mi
a1i
b 1i

a 2i

X
a3i

c2'

a4i

a5i

eY

c1'

c3'
c4'
c5'

XW
b2i

b 3i

XZ
MiW

MiZ

Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through Mi = (a1i + a4iW + a5iZ)(b1i + b2iW + b3iZ)

Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c1' + c4'W + c5'Z
*Model 76 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel