EASY SELECTIONS

ADAPTED FROM XENOPHON

VOCABULABY
NOTES AND MAP
BY
J.

SURTEES

PHILLPOTTS,

Head Afaster of Bedford Schoel

Editor qf Selections Adapted from Xenofhon
'

C.

S.

B.C.L.
'

JERRAM, M.A.

Late Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford

faint Editor of the 'London Series of English Classics'

PRELIMINARY PART

SCENES FROM THE ANABASIS

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

Oxford University Press

London

Edinburgh

New York

Glasgow

Copenhagen

Toronto Melbourne Cape

Town

Madras Shanghai
Humphrey Milford Publisher to the UNIVERSITY

Bombay

Calcutta

Printed in England

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

THE object of such adapted Selections as these has sometimes been misunderstood. It has been supposed that the aim
is to save
It is to
boys' thought ; the real aim is the reverse.
get boys to think and to use their minds on the language at
a stage when otherwise they would either have had their

to Grammar or Delectus- work, or have

had to struggle at translating authors whose style is really
beyond them. Such a struggle does not, I believe, educate the
boy or make him think. He is simply baffled and bewildered
attention confined

by having too
either buys a

many
word

difficulties

for

word

thrust on

him

at once,

and

translation, or simply looks out

the words without trying to connect them and discover a

meaning. The essence of good teaching seems to me to lie
in

presenting to boys an

carefully graduated

infinite succession of problems

according to the exact stage of their
what we-'want ; and the feeling of getting

Power is
progress.
on, the feeling of doing something with one's knowledge, the

pleasure of following a connected story all this awakens

interest, makes brain and heart work with eye and ear, intelligence with memory, and gives in fact that sense of power

which is one of the chief sources of power itself.

These Easy Selections are adapted for boys who are only
just beginning Greek.
They are somewhat graduated, so
'

'

that the beginning

is

made

still

easier than the rest

in the

hundred lines there are no augmented tenses, in the first

three hundred none which are not specially explained in the
first

notes.
All through, the words are, as far as possible, put in
the order in which they should be taken ; the sentences are

very short, and there is a Vocabulary containing not only

the words, but all the more difficult forms of words used.

The whole

is

intended as a Preliminary Part to

'

all

Selections

PREFACE.

iv

1
Adapted from Xenophon ,' which has now reached a third
Since those Selections were published I have been
edition.
'

'

much engaged

so

with other work that

should never have

been able to complete this Preliminary Part without the

welcome assistance of Mr. Jerram, who I found had already
prepared an edition of the Anabasis on his own account.
At my suggestion he kindly gave up this for an Adapted
edition, to act as a First
his

'

'

Greek Construing-book.

Besides

knowledge of the Anabasis, he brought to the work the

freshest acquaintance with the actual wants of boys beginning

Greek, from his experience in directing the classical teaching

of a large preparatory school. Though I am responsible for
the plan of the book, the main burden of the work has fallen

on

his shoulders,

and

if

these

'

'
Easy Selections should

in

any

way meet the wants of teachers, I hope the credit will be

given where it is due. We owe thanks to Mr. Beuttler for
preparing the

first

draught of the Vocabulary.

J. S.

PHILLPOTTS.

Jan. 1877.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

THE

principal change in the Second Edition is that the

Chapter has been made still easier than before. This
improvement has been effected, not by altering the text
(which might have caused inconvenience in schools where
the former Edition was already in use), but by additions
First

The verb-forms are the great stumblingto the notes.

block to beginners, and throughout the first 300 lines every
such form likely to cause any difficulty has been 'parsed.'
The aim
1

of these

Easy Selections

If variety is desired,

(Rivington, 2nd ed. 1877)

is

to

enable a boy to

the 'Stories of Rhampsinitus and Marathon'

may be used as a bridge between the two.

PREFACE.

begin construing at once, without the intervention of any

Greek Reader or Delectus. At the request of the boys

themselves the book was introduced into a form, where many

had begun their Greek Grammar but two or three weeks
and the experiment was found thoroughly sucpreviously
Should it^be thought that a reading-book is out
cessful.
of place at so early a stage, it must be remembered that
;

by the time boys begin Greek, the chief difficulties of translation from a foreign language have been already mastered
With Grammar and
in Latin, if not in French as well.
Vocabulary a boy can begin construing almost as soon as
he knows the alphabet. The need of constant reference to
the Accidence to help him in this task makes an intelligent

boy look upon

his

Grammar

as a friend rather than as a

he learns paradigms alone for several weeks

or months, he soon loses the interest of novelty in disgust
The standard of accuracy
at the dryness of the method.
foe

whereas,

if

need not be lowered, but the required amount of accuracy

may be achieved as completely with a more ready cooperation

on the part of the learner. After all, we educate non

sect vitae; and if, as we profess, our chief aim is to

scholae

develope intelligence, we cannot afford to dispense with the

exercise of it at any stage.
The First Edition was not stereotyped, on purpose to leave

room

for alterations.

Several minor additions are

now

intro-

duced, and the whole has been most carefully revised and
Should any errata still have escaped detection,
corrected.
the Editors will be greatly obliged to any one
a line to either of them.

J. S.

PHILLPOTTS, GRAMMAR

C. S. J

July, 1878.

ERR AM,

who

will

send

SCHOOL, BEDFORD.

WINDLESHAM, SURREY.

CONTENTS.
SECT.

I.

The March towards Babylon

....

Notes
II.

The

III.

Battle of

Cunaxa and

its

Results

20

Beginning of the Retreat

The March

121

to Kurdistan

29

126

Notes
V.

The March
Notes

VI.

VII.

VIII.

through Armenia
.

44

136

.'

Trapezus and Sinope

Notes

145

Sinope to Chrysopolis
Notes

155

Concluding Scenes of the Retreat

Notes

Grammatical Register

57

7>

...

84
164

179

Vocabulary

Map

14

118

Notes
IV.

107

Notes

,.

PAGE

shewing the route of the Greeks.

ajj

DATES OF

GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY.

B.C.

Cyrus the Great founds

the Persian

Empire

Subdues Croesus and Asiatic Greeks, and takes Babylon

.
Cambyses his son succeeds
Darius I (Hystaspes)
Ionian towns revolt from Persia
.

Sardis burnt by the Athenians

First Persian Invasion of Greece.

Xerxes succeeds

559

546-538
.

.....

529
521

500
499

Marathon

to the throne

490
485

480

Second Persian Invasion.

Salamis

[Athenian Ascendancy
Artaxerxes I succeeds

.......

480-430]

Peloponnesian "War begins

Darius II (Nothus) succeeds
Tissaphernes made Satrap of Asia Minor
Tissaphernes makes treaty with Sparta
.

465

431
.

Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius, supersedes Tissaphernes

Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) succeeds to the throne
Peloponnesian "War ends. Athens taken by Lysander
.

Cyrus rebels against his brother Artaxerxes

424
413
411

407
405
404
401

EXPEDITION OF CYRUS.
Departure from Sardis
Arrival at the Maeander
Celaenae
Caystri Pedion

....
....
....

Issus

......
....
.....

Myriandrus
Through the Arabian Desert
Butt] ft of Cunaxa

,,

May

9th
2oth

401
,.

ist

8th

Tyriaeum
Tarsus

March 6th

June 6th
28th
July 6th
Aug. 8th I3th
Sept. 7th

,,

DATES OF GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY.

viii

THE RETREAT.
B.C.

The Greeks begin

their Retreat

Truce made with the king

Arrival at Sittace

Murder of the

They

five generals

....
....
.

cross the mountains into Kurdistan

8th

Sept.

loth

nth

Oct.

29th

Nov. 2oth

Enter Armenia

snow
Armenian villages

First fall of

In the

Arrive at the Harpasus

First view of the sea
Arrive at Trapezus

....
....

.....

,,

i8th

2ist

I9th

Jan.

Feb.

400

ist
1

3th

Sinope

June 24th

Ileraclea

July

ist

Aug.

Jth

Dec.

5th

Chrysopolis
Greeks take service with Seuthes

They

29th
6th

Dec.

,,

April I3th

Cotyora

The

401

March 5th

309

.....
.....

898

join Thibron,. the Spartan geueral

SUCCEEDING HISTORY.
A gesilaus
He

is

made king of Sparta

defeats

Tissaphemes
Battle of Coronea

at Sardis

395

394

Peace of A utalcidas
Philip becomes King of Macedon

387
359

prepares Greek expedition against Darius III

Alexander
(Codomannus) King of Persia, but dies.

Philip

330
334
833
88O

828

succeeds Philip

Battle of the Granlcus

Defeat of Darius at Issus
Final defeat at Arbela.

Alexander takes Babylon

Death of Darius
Persian Empire completely subjugated

331
.

LIST
HOPLITES

OF ILLUSTRATIONS

ARMING

(from

an

Vase

Attic

Painting)
ITTTTCIS

frontispiece

AND To^o-n/s (from an Attic Vase Painting)

THE BATTLE OF

Issus (from a Mosaic

p. x

at
to face p. 14

Pompeii)

NIKE OF BRESCIA
CHARIOT AND SATRAP

16

(from a Sidon Sarco-

,,35

phagus)

COINS WITH Zeus SwT^p (Agrigentum).

WITH 2^>v8ov^r^s (Aspendus)

COINS

...

poi (from the Parthenon Frieze)

(from the Parthenon Frieze)

a (from a Sidon Sarcophagus)

,,41
,,

48
59

,,72

PERSIANS IN BATTLE (from a Sidon Sarcophagus)

E. s.

go

!,-

AND Toon/J

(FROM AN ATTIC VASE PAINUWO')

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

CHAPTER

I.

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

The two brothers.
Aapet'ou KOI

Their father dies.

napwanbos

Trpeo-pvTfpos \iiv eoriv

Artaxerxes succeeds.
TraiSes

ylyvovrai

'ApTaepq?,

bvo,

KO!

vcvrfpos bf Kupos.

Aapeu)? 6e dcrfleixSy, KCU ijbr] jueAXcoy davetv, /SovAerai

6 fxey oSy Ttpefffivrepos
ap.(j)OTep(a rw TrcuSf Trap-eii/at.
KeAevct

6e

Aapeios

i.

^ (7T '

rov

Kvpoi>

ava-fiaii'tiv 5

ovv Kvpos

o-aT-paTTJ]?.

6'

'

rpiaKOcriovs
ei

0i'Aoy.

ore 6

dra-jSas
fxev

disgraced.

Tiffaafytpvriv

crvv

rots

He

'Apraep|r;

'Aprae'p]s

on

Trei'^erai

'Apra^f'p^s

8e

yiyrerai 10

courts popularity, intending revolt.

uTo-a^e'pyrjs
rc5

raiy

KCpos In eortv ey
reAeura

Aapeios

OTrAtVas

8ia-j3aAAet TOV Kvpor, (pavKatv

Kvpos
re

Kal

e7Tt-j3ovAevi
(rv\-\afj.ftavei

avr<S.

Kvpov

o 8^
KOI

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS
15 /3ovAerat

jj.\v a-rro-KTflvai.

O.VTOV aTTo-Tre'/xirei TrdAiy

e'pxfrai, KOI

"fir]

fjMTfl

avrov,

em

T?/I>

e juTjr?]p

rj

e^-

o ^e

apx^y.

OTT-

Kvpos

TOV abeXfyov, KOL /3of/\ewerai

OTTO)?

KCU Ilapvfrarts re ?; M^rrjp $tAet

TOV (3a<n\evovTa 'Apra^fp^v KOI

(3acrL\fv(Tfi. avr' e/cetVou.

roy KCpoy /xaA\oi>

f;

200 Kpos airos \ap[^Tai

rols Flepcrat?, ocrot afy-iKVovvrai

Trapa ^aaiAe'coj Trpo? avrbv, cocrre Kat ovrot yiyf oj/rat juaAAov
eaura) ^>tAoi

17

j(apt^TOt 8e xai TO?? /3ap/3apuis

/3a<nAei.

rot9 Trap' eavra), t^a aJaty ewrof Kai e7rt-/ieAeirat ai/raiy,

e,UTretptay ro?)

Cyrus

TroAefxety

collects

officers

SvA-Ae'yet 5e orpdrev/ia
CTTI <f)vya<i

ei^

tW

*at aOpoifa orpancoTas

and

troops secretly.

XeppoyTjcro) <58e.

KAe'ap^os

6 8e Kvpos, yevd/xeros (pi'Aos

AaxeSat/xoVios'

TOUTW TW KAedpxw, irap-f^a avrw TroAAa \pi']^ara. 6 be

Aa/3a)i> ra XPW aTa cruA-Ae'yei arpdrev/ua, xat cruA-Ae'^as
3

TToAe/jtei

TO??

avrat oe at
<^T)V

T(S

0pat

Tro'Aeis

TWi' OTpari(rc5y.

Kvpw \dOpa.

Botwrioj; KOI

TCUS

ftoi]6u>v

TOUTO

eTretra 6

dAAovs

Tro'Aecri

aijra)

itap-txovaiv

eaurou

&.

Kvpos 8e

iceAeyei rTpo'^evov

TOV

on

KCpos

ovroi yap

xal ovroi TIOIOVCTIV

lissaphernes

warns

the king.

ava-fiaivtw aOpoifci TO

7/8/7

/3ouAd/xeros

KOI

TO 'EAArjfiKoj; orpdYev/ua.

cai

TOV Te KAe'apxoj; KOI TOVV aAAovj, Aa/SoVra? Ta

40 crTpOTcv/iaTa,

rpo-

dvA-Ae'yeti' orpartcora?, (pdcrK<av

Cyrus begins his march,

fiapfiapiKov

i? r?/y

6e TO crrpdrei/ia rpe'0erai

35 ySovAerai <rTpareve(T0ai ets Dio-tSas'

rwy 'EAA^&jy.

^pr/nara

Trap-eirai awrw

eis

SdpSfty.

OVTOI

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

"TKra-a^pvrjs Se aKOvcras ravra, Kat tyofiov-

a(f>-iKvovvT<u.

TO

irapaaKfVTJs, iropeveTat Trpos /3ao"tAea

ir\ijQo'i TTJS

Kai /3a<rtAev9

fVTaKoa-iovs tTrWas.

on

Trapa Tio-cra^epz'ous

va-fiaivei. airb

em

Menon and Clearchus

TOVTOV 8e TOV
6e

rw

7r-eo-rt

-n

join.

halt.

7rra.

TrAotots

TTOTOJUO) eTn-Keijuanj

review.

fivo itXiQpa.'

e^-eAawei 8ta $>pvyas

(cat MeVcou 6

ets

Kat 8ia-

KoAo<r(rds. 50

erraAos irdp-

evTCLvOa jueVfi ^jue'pa? eTrrd'

/cai

45

/cat

Trorajiou TO fvpos eari

/3as roi' Tiorajuof

8rj,

e^wy roCro ro

8e

2dp^ewf,

ro^ Matavbpov

/xei>

Kupo? afa-/3au>ei, xat

Kw/aos

d^rt-7rapa-o-/cei;a^e7ai.

AvSt'a?

)(i\iovs oTrAtra? xat Tre^ra/com'ous TTeArao-rds.

KOpos e^-eAawet ets KeAatra?, Tro'Aty T^S

(vravOd eort /3ao-i'Aeta Kvpw Kai 7Tapa8ei<ros
/jtf yas 7rA?/pi;$ aypiwv Orjpiutv, a avros
dijpevei CLTTO iwiroVj 55
kavrov
re
/cat
IT
TOI/S
(3uv\r]Ta.i
yvn.va.crai
t'as.

Kpo?
6 AoKeSat/xoVtos

xat

TreAraoras

rptd/coi'ra

/xeVet

cpuyas Trdp-eo-rtf,
Kat

roo'ray.

e';(Ctu>

x^

oTiAtras

kvravOa KCpo?

/cat

l^ratrtv xat apidnov rS>v 'EAArjywy

(cat

/cat

^p.epas*

ytycoirat oTrAtrat /xef juv/)toi KOI

ei/

rai

'
1

01

Troiet

7rapa8eta<o. 60

x ^oi, TreAraorat 8e
i/

8ts-xtAtot.

Arrival of

Cilician Queen.

Another review,

'Ei'Tfvdfv e^-eAaui'et ets Kepa/icoy ayopav, KOI fVTevOfv

ets

KancrTpoi; TreStor, Kat jueVet 7/juepa?

'ETrvafa

KCpof
\avvfi

//

yuyjj TOV

Kat
eis

8t8co(Tt

KiAtKow

Tre'/'re.

Kvpco \pr]fj.aTa TroAAd.

Tuptatoy.

Kat

(vravOa

/3aatAe'a>s dc/)-tKrerrai Trapa 65

e^TaiJ^a
2

77

cvrfvOfv
Kt'Atcro-a

f-

Setrai

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

Kvpov e7ri-8etai TO

or/sdrev/xa ayri)' 6 8e audis troieirai

r

70 AfXewei Se

as

Ta,TT(r6ai.

ra^^rai

nid^jjy.

ot 5'

Ke'pas,

em TfTTapW

Review.

Orders

Manoeuvres,

to

charge.

-np&Tov ^(v TOUS fiapfidpovs'

fleoopet

TOWS "EXXTjras, avToy

17

e^)'

irap-eXayz^cov

"^^^? coti'iKious

80 TO ap/xa irpo T^S

ap/xaTO?,

f<^>

-Trd^Tes 5e

ap/xa/ia;s.
/cat

ex oucrt
K^jutSas Kat TOS

^)dXayyos,

we/jiTrci

ol

eiTa 8e 6(a>pti

75 Se Trap-eXawovo-i TCTayp.e'roi *caTa Tacts'

/cat

KCU

KXe'ap^os 5e TO evwry-

aAXoi orparTjyot exoutri TO

'O 5e KSpos

KiXtaaa

flu>da.(ri

a>?

ourcoj,

rdrro^rai ovv

TO b(iov
',

TO

/cat

rovs "EXXj/yas

TOI>

ifpavf)

/cat

?/

\a\Ka

ao-Trt'Sa? e/c-

eppirjve'a

irapa

Toi;y cTTpaTT^you? Ttoy

/3aX(T0at ra o~Xa
8e Xe'youat

Tawa

EA\i}l>a>l>.

/cat

oXrjy

T?)I>

<^aXayya e^-teVat.

TOI? <TTpaTtwTats*

ol 5e 7rpo-/3aXXo'juerot

7/v mock-charge

/cat

7/5rj

ol

?/

Ta orrXa e7r-cp\oj/Tat.
the barbarians.

terrifies

'Ec 8e TOVTOU ot aTpaTtomu, Trpo-tdrre?

85

Kpavyfj, xcopovai

Spo'/xa) (TTI

TOIS /3ap/3dpois.
s, cai ol

covta* ol

90

Kat /ceXcuet aurov? Trpo-

?;

e/c TTJS

6e*EXXijvey

Tas

KOI

17

cntrjvds'

iro\vs Sc

<ri/i>

ye'Xwrt ep^ovTat

e::!

Kvpos 5c ?/5Tat

TaO^ovs iroXXoi5
7//xpas

Tijf

dyopas c/>evyov<ri /caTa-Xtirdrrcs Ta

TOS

8c Ki'Xtoro-a t5ou<ra Tr)f Xa/^TTpoTrjTa KOI TTJV

ei.

^>o'/3os

Te KtXio-<ra (bfvyfi (K

ety

Tapaous

a/cr/pas.

Taiv roO

tfiwv

TOWS "EX-

TJJS

KtXt/cta;,

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

The army refuses

bis

<u>ith

ol

Clcarchus holds a meeting

to proceed.

men.

OVK (6t\ov<nv ttvai TrpoVaT

orpanamH

yap vop.L^ov(n rov aroXov tirat

/3aAAoTj<ru; CLVTOV Allots, ooare

OTJ

/3acnAea.

Swarai

7/877

95

Trpa/ros 8e

eavroO arpartcoTas uvai*

TOTJS

KAe'ap^oy /Sta^erai

firl

8e

01

6 8

Trpo-tc'i'cu.

eavrou
ol 8

re

eTra 8e Aeyei

/cai crtcoTiaimi'.

\.
I'ow compel me to choose between
Speech of Clearchus.
betraying the cause of Cyrus and deserting you!
'

oTpariarai,
rots Ttap-oiaL Tipdy/xam.

Kvpos yap eyeVero

xat Irtfujtr^ ^e (pewyot-ra

noAAa

\pri\j.aia.

eyw

dAA' ew

v/ias.

ffj.avToi>

roi/j

xai

0pa<cas,

av/xcTe on

/XT

e*c

r^s 7rarpi8oy,

8e Aa/3wy

raCra

a></>e'Aouj>

TOVS "EAAr/vas

8e

v/xa?

8e v/xeis viJy ov fiovXfaOf (rvfj.-nop(v((r6ai

eoriv

17

7rpo-8oVn vjuas

8oVri avrov aTT-uVat

'

ii.

u Et

OVTWV,
OTJ

"

Trouycroo,

atp77<ro/ tai

OTJ

7recr^at

v/xas

KCU

ry Kvpov

avaynr] p.oi

</>tAt'a,

no

f;

/xe^' VfJi&v.

8t/caia

fle'Aere

yap

\pijcrOai.

fjiot,

/ choose the former alternative!

87^

/Liey

eis 105

xat Trpwroi'

Kupos CKaAet /-te, ro're Aa/3a>y

tya &(f)f\oir)V avrbv dirt ra)y Trpos
fTTfibi]

*cat

eSaTrd/'coy OVK

e?i/ai

(Tvi' TJ/XII;

ol8a*

KiSpoi; dAA'
e/iot,

//oi

OWK

eyco

v/jtas*

ttyo/icu

KOI Trarpi'Sa xai

/cat,

o-vy

Tjju,t2;.

cpi\ovs KOI

juev oio/Aat cu> ei^at rtjuios, OTTOU

iis

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

av u/

av bvvai^v ovre wfrcXfjaai

ai'fv bf vp-wv OVK

ovTf a\eacr6ai f^Opov.

20 j'/ms

raura

t?/r."

/cat

aKovcr

orpanamu

irapa 6e "Etviov Kal

A.a/3oWes ra

8ts-xt'Atot

7)

ol bf

et7;ei>'

amov'

eTT-7/recray

</>iAot>,

tore ovv e/ue toVra, OTTOI av

o?rAa

Trapa

Clearcbus pretends

'Eii'Tavda

TOVTMV'

"

Nu^

ayyeAov eAeye

ou

wore

oufc

olio.'

TTffj.Ti6iJ.fv6v jue.

KOI bfbotKO.
'35 r}8iK7](r^ai

'

ii.

fJLT]

tiir'

/ff a

ar8pes

ovi>,

8e

oi!re

(Trpartwrat,

en

vopifa tavrov abiKflrrOat

i>if)

fjf

e^eAco eA^e?^ Trap' avrbv, Kaiitfp

al(T^vvo\j.aL re
blO.

TOVTO

yap

flTl-Ofl

ort ex/feuoyxai avrbv,

biK1]V,

fXOt

On

VOjJ.lfl

e'/

therefore in

an

OOK? OVK

awkward

position.

What

is

done?'

tT^ai Katpbv

(3ov\fVf<r0at, o TI XP^ Troieir

xa

avrov

/xera-Trejux^a/jteVov, TraAif ou/c ?/0eAft/

to be
'E/jtol ouj;

0appt.lv tifpl

|ueTa-7T/^77e<r0ai

130 etr/uey o-rpartwrat row KV/JOU, OUTC e/cetvos

c<mi> ^/xiy.

to

Se OJ/K

<^

raura (rvr-ayaywr TOUS crrpaTKoras

/uera 5e

iVrai.

Second address

justly angry with us a/L'

roy KCpoy

8e

Kvpov 5e

bfVTfpov'

is

8e ai/rw

TTffj.T[u>v

fKt\(ve

Tota8e*

Cyrus

\.

Kvpos /ler-eW/xTrero TOV KAe'a^xo^'

Uvai,

125 f]0e\(v

break with Cyrus.

to
'

the soldiers.

i][j.lv

xat

j/8j/.

KaO-fvbav, aAAa

ews re

?;

ao-<pa\e'(Trara air-fonfv,

Kal OTTCOS f^wfjifv ra eTTir7/8eia'

yap TOVTMV ovre (rrparTjyos

6

8e

Kuos

t8twr?;s ato's ea-rtf

oi/re
'

)Tfrl M OJ

ue

i;

*"ri

</>''Aos

row-

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

I.

ay (ptAos

ot

rots,

bs

Kaipo's cart

The army send

Mera ravra

to

7re?/i>

opw/LttV re

r^els

/^tev

8e VTr-wTTrevoi

^SatrtAe'a,

March

o/xcos

Tiap-T/aai;

ju,ef

KCpos ayot

on

etTTty

ts

"lo-crovs

Tiap-ijv 5e xat

Two

vfjes

Kupou

(rnr]in]v.

/Sao-tAe'a'

eT^e 8e,

ws

ex

TTO'AIJ;

eAe'yero,

TTJS

IleXoTrorwjCTOU

Xetptao^os AaKcSat/xoVtov 160

at 8e r?;es ajp/xow

'A/3poKo'|uas 8e, CTTCI ijKovaf

WTO. ey KtAt/cia, d^a-o-Tpex/^aj CK

155

captains desert.

ea-^aTJ/f

CTU TCOV yewi', e^coi; eTjrafcoai'ovs OTrAtVas.

Trapa TTJ^

ai)roi;s

dAA ov8e

ayot TO

Cbeirisophus joins.

xat evravda e&jKovTa

Kvpw.

8e eSo'xet tirea^at avrw.

'EvrevOev e-eAawei
KiAtKtas'

Trpos 150

XP'J iroieiy e* roi/rcor."

on

Kvpos ^arepws

into Cilicia.

eti'at

eA0eu>

af-ayyeAAoucri zawra TOIS arpa-

TrfjijUpfleVres

ot

6 6e

avrbv, Zav 8e

rt/jtcop?j(rofi6^a

vXfvcro^Oa ri
06

ovv

/3ovA8juai

eKi,

arvv

avbpas

Troteii'.

fyOpbv ai'bpa,

'A/3poKo'/uat',

77

M5

His answer.

Kvpov o TI ^SowAoiro

iorafiu)-

rtaJracs'

eTriarap-ffla'

avfj.-flov\fV(TdiJ.fVoi Tifp-irovaiv

" 'Axovco

(cat

iTTTTi/c^f

ask his intentions.

to

Cyrus

KOI

Kai
/cat

o TI rts rop.<'ei apicnov elvai.'

Ae'yeti'

ot ?}pajrcoy

w,

Kal

bvvafj.i.v

mures

7/y

ware

77,

yap

e^ei

17'

Kvpov

c&ou'tfcqs a7r-?/Aawe Trapd

rpiaKovra //vptd8as.

er-

Kfpo? e^-eAawet 8ta 2uptas ets Mnpta^Spoy, Tio'Ati; 165

vub QoiviKtov fTil rfj 0aAarr?/' xat evravda
6 'Apxas, (7Tpar?jyos,
ets

TrAotov

xat

Flaatcoy

Meyapevs

SELECTIONS FROM X EN OPHON.

Generosity of Cyrus.

Trdvres

(pxovro,

avrovs
tiTTfi''

<m Kvpos

eAeyov

8e

(rvy-KaAeWs row?
" Eem'as Kat ITa<nW
a7ro-AeAoi7rafriz>
rpo/pfcri.

arpanjyovs
dA.X'

7;/uas.

OVK atro-btbpa.Ka<nv
(o78a yap

oirr] ot^orrat), ovoe arroy^P rpiT/pei?, (oarf 8wao-0ai eAeu> TO

fx

aAA'

irAotoj').

175 KCIKWS

aAA a tr&xrav
?//^a?,

TOVJ

TTonyaca

ol

oi>/c

avOp^not,

^ ^e?9 e<rp.v

Stw^w avrovs, ov8e

ay ^ovAwyrai

eycoye
o*t

(^lAouj,

ort

etSo'res

KO.KIOVS ciat

^at 6 f>ty

eKeiVouj."

Trept

Kvpos
Kvpou a

<

ravra*

8e 'EAA?/^es,

ol

aKOvoi^res

avrw TrpoOvpoTtpov CK rovrov.

o-vy-C7ropevoi'ro

Cyrus declares the real

180

object

of the expedition.

M<ra ravra

Kvpos f^-eAavyei k~n\ TOV Ev^pdrr/v

Kol evravOa /ixfra-7rep.\^dju.eyos rovs orpaTi/yovs

'E\\^vd)V eAcyev
eis Ba/3vA<St>a'

rots
85

r^y

orpartwrais,

orpanwrai
ei

Ze't-ai,

on

ooos laotro

?;

irpos /SaatAea

Kat efce'Aevo'ei' avrovs Aeycty

-neidftv

icai

avrovs

CTrccr^ai.

/UT)

Kvpos

80117

01 p.ev

avroty

TrAetco

x/3T/luaTa 8'

the desert.

and

enter Arabia.

&

V7r-e

8^ TrAeroroi raif 'EAATjpcoy ovrcos

cross the Euphrates,

190

f\a\f-rraivov rois orparTjyois Kai OVK ?/0eAoi>

8e arparryyot aTT-r/yyeAAoy ravra Kvpa>' 6

Sovvai.

ravra
ol

CT

Description of

Hunting wild animals.

Aia-/3dz>res 8e TOV Ev0pdr;i/ irora/xof iropfvovrai 8ia

rovrw 8e

ra5

roTrw

8e

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

I.

et>

oi

//eydAof

5e

Tycraz;

fbiu>Kov TO.VTO.
8iw/cot

ovoi ayptot, iroAAot 8e arpovOol

TO.

KCU oi /xev ot'ot, ewei 195

6r]pia.

avrovs, 77po-8pa/>ioWes eoratrav*

TU)V

ot 8e iTTTreT?

Kat a>Tt'8es KOI 8op/caSes.

LTTTTCDV'

KOL TTaXu>,

erpe^or yap

TTfl ol 17T7TOI TT\r)rnd-

vTov' KO.I ov pqbiov i]V Xofiflv TOVS

ra 6e Kpea rwy O.\LUKO^VWV ovuv o'/xcua ?}y TOIS

orovs*

cbraAwrepa

Kpe'acrt,

Bustards.

Ostriches.

8e.

Scarcity of food.
ot

oi
juey
s,

Trocrt

yap vrpovdol e-e'<euyof

Tjpos TO

raxv ay-tarat?; avras'

s,

KOI

raw

Tre'royrai

j^y Xafj.(3dveiv,

yap /3pa\v, coawep 205

ra 8e Kpe'a
iroAAa Twy

ra\v a77o-Ka/zi>owi ^evyovaai.

7j8tora

*cai

f/y.

ey ravrr/

aTT-wAero WTTO Ai/xov'

o o-tros

TrpoVco,

8e irrtpvfyv atpo/xe-

ras 8e wriSas Si^aroy

(oa-Trep lom'ois.

rts

Spa/.ieii;,

7r-e'Ai7rez;

avro TO

r^ fp^jjuw
ov yap TJI> x

(TTpaTef/jta, Kat

'/

ov/c

97

"

05

'

Ka '

eSv^afTo
2l

npiacrdai.

Forced marches.

Energy of Cyrus

FIoAAaKtj 8e 6 Kvpos 7/Aavi-e Tois

/cpous, oTTOTe

/SovAotTo aty-LKtaOat.

rj

staff.

a-radfj-ovs Tfdvv /xa-

7rp6s vStop

rj

irpos xtAoy.

al a/xa^at OVK eSvt'ayTo 77po-j((opeti' 8ta T^y

TC

at T0i irri\ov.

6 ovv

KCpos

e7rt-o-Tas

fri/f

TO?S wept avrov dptcrTot? eKc'Aeuae TOWS lauTov (TTpaTtcoTas 215

0uv-fK-(BLf3detv
Aai'co? Troterf

TO.S

o-w-tTri-oTrewai TOS
Tt TT/S

a/xa^as.

eTrct

8e e8o'KOiy OVTO) o"X"

TOUTO, eKe'Aev(re TOI;? KpaTtrrrovs

ctjua^as.

eV^a 8^

tSoi

TW^

Ilepacliy

av Tt?

evTa^ta? avTcof piv^a^Tes yap TOS TropQvpas

/ue'pos

x^ a *

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

IO

Zcmevbov

p.u'5as

el)(ov 8e

tan/Ko'res.

ccat

eytoi 8e

draupt'8as"

Kara TOV Xorpov, ov ZTV\OV

Spa/xoyres

TroAvrcAets

x iT

<*>

t>as

Ka ' TOlKlXos

xat orpeTrrovs Trept rots rpa-

axoy

X>/Aois KOI \j/\ia jrept rats \epaiv' o/iws 8e criy rowrois

roy TTI\OI> c-fKOfj.iaai> ras

ts

Traces of the king's troops,

at

KOTrpoy

treachery of Orontes.

Tioptvop.troi'i

avTos

6 5e

eiKa^ero

art/Sos

Ma

7 flrl
/

'OpoVr7S 8e

rf;

x^/'? XP

coy

/SamAe?, ewi-/3ovAtuct Kwpw*

30 Kvpos

elrat

aAAa

ovroi TTpo-iorres eKaiof KOI \iAoj; Kat ra

i'7r7ra)f.

doi'fj

atrip

'

a/'j;p Oepa-jj?,

ouros 5e

orvyycvqs

etTrey

KwAyo-fiev ay

iTTTrt'as )(tAtot;9j

on,

roj>>

fi

rwy

'

TaOra 8e e5oKi
Kaiew roy x 1 ^ 17
at eKtAevaey avroy Aa/m/3ayty
a)(/)A(jua,

TioAe/xuoy iTTTitas row

rai

Kupa)

eti'ai

Trap'

tKaorou

6 5e 'Opo'yrr;s ypa(/>ei

ra)y ?;y/xo'rcoy.

irapa /3a<riAa, Ae'ycoy

on

'

235
Orontes

discovered

is

and

arrested*

Tawrrjy r^y cTrurroATjy didaxrt ircorw dy5pt, ws wero.

6 5e

KPpos dya-yyovy
cal

eaurov

o-K?jyjjy

eTrra

TOI/S

dptaroi/s

avy-KaAci

raiy

TT)J

fts r?/y

Ilep(rd)i'.

/cat

240 exeAeuire rois roiy 'EAATjyajy (rrporrjyovs dyayeiy oTrAtras,

e

tVeAevcre QiaQo.1

oi 8e e7roi;a-ay

oTrAtra?.

Trap-CKaAetre

TO.

8e

Kal

irepi

c</>;

TT)y

eavroi)

a>s Tpis-x'Ai'ofy

KAe'apxoy (rv^ovAoy' 6
(cpt'aiy row

rots </n'Aots TTjy

0y, c-r/yyfiAf
eye'yro.

oir\a

TaOra, dyayoyres

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

Cyrus conducts the

O routes

'Twice already has

trial.

II

turned

traitor to me.'
(<

OTTCOS

flap-eKaAeo-a tyzas, avbpes 0t'Aot,

criiv

7rpda) o TL 5i/caioV

VIJ.LV

Trept

'OpoWov

TOUTOIH.

6 e/xos irarrip eSco/ce roCroy inrrjuoov flvai

ikv

yap
KeAeua0is

6e

fTiel

eon

e/ioi, eya>

^TTO

TOV

dSeA^ou ovros 250

ffj.ov

avrw

Trpos-TroAe/xaiy

eTrotJjaa Traw-

TOV -TroAf^iou, KCU e\af3ov beiav Kal e8a>Ka."

" 6
" Mera
" 3>
8e
rarra/ ec/)r;,
'OpoWa, ri 7}5u?jad ae ;
cracrOai

a7r-K/jt;'aro

"
?}/KoTa,

CTroiets

r?jy

"

ruura.

on Kvpos

Ot'/coCi>
e/urji

\topav;"

(3(t)fj.ov

Aa/3es raura Trap' e/xou

TraAt^ 5e 6

r/5ur](re.

KCpos

dTro-oras eis Muaoi/s KOKWS 255

TraAty

"
;

6 'OpoWrjs TreTrou/KtWi

f(f)r)

OVKOVI;," e^r; 6 KW/JOS,

'Apre'/xt8os

TIJS

o^Sey

vcrrepov

f'

varepov e\0(>)V eifl TOV

ca>Kas /uoi Tiicrra, Kat

6 8e 'O/'o^r?;s a>/xoAoyei

cat

260

rouro.

This

is

now

What

the third time.

"*Ap* ovi>"

f(f)r]

6 KCpos,

"

shall

we

do with him

d8iKTj^eis UJT' ejuou

yOi/

'

TO

ri-^3oi;Acveis e/xot;" 6 8e 'OpoVrrjs etTrev ort ov8e^

j)8iKr/^.

itrai>0a o KCpoy ^/wr^<rei;

yeyev^cr^at a8txos

ovi^

'OpozTT/s.

TrdAty 6

en yefeV^at
at

TO> f/ey ejuuS

TTIOTOS j"

0iAos,

5)

'O/^oAoyw," (/; 6
" BovAet ow
265

avroV

d8fA(/)ai TioAe'f/tos, e//oi.8e ^>(Aos

" O^8e

ei

ye^ot/XTjy <TOI

Ki^pe, (rot y' d,y Trore Sofai/txt elyat." Trpos

5e JT/WTOSj

rrept

f/xe;"

7/pwrrjirei'

6 8e aTT-e/cptVaro,

Kvpos twe TOIS

ail

mpt

Kupos

OVTOV " 'O/uoAoyeis

"

TOUTOV."

Trap-oixru;,

" 'O

/xei> di'?;p

raCra

A'yet rotaOra

KAt'ap^e, a7ro-07]i;at ryl> (reauroi)

yvu>[j.j]i>

270

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

12

Orontes disappears

the scene.

from

KAf'apxoj 5e et^e rd6V "'Eya>

TOVTOV rov ai'&pa &>s ra^tora, u

ua

dAA

rorroz',

o~xoA?/

I]\JA

j)

aAAot eAeyoj; raurd.

275 ol 5e

ol

ToCro

Trpos

-rjre'x^'7
oii'

ovTf

(s>iTa

/^cra

*ra

^ardra)'

5e

fTrei

'ApraTrdrov

TJ;V

dra-

a^airrey

CTTI

avrov.

or KTj7iroyx a) f>

KV/JOU

amov

280 TrwTTOTe ftSey

Opovrov

(^-fr/ov

reray/^teVoi

as

ravra

/xera

(TrotTCs eAa,;3or TT)J C(^' 1??^ ro ^

rou

o-xrji'j/r,

rcara ovSeis

ovre Te^rr/Ko'ra'

rci^os 6e

oidec? avrov etpani mar, ore.

Ne<ws

from

the kings

Cyrus encourages bis Greek

army.

soldiers.

(-fXavi'd

Kvpos
vs rpeis.

TT/

5e

CTT-IOVO-?;

/3a(TiAe'a>s

>cai

<<T

290

dya),

on

v/uas

etrai

dr5ps
/cat

ol f*ey

?^

TT}

TJJS

Trepi

EAA7jva)i/

(Odpo-vvev CLVTOVS,

aV6"pes "EAXrjres, ov 8ia TOUTO v/xa?

on

7/5

ex er6>

vop.C(i)

yivtqfle ovv

TroAAaii' fiapfidptav.

dpctfOfas

eAoi'ju 7

c^

VP

tare,

" T ^V' c^fvdfpiav aiTi Tidi'Twv 3>v

on

<l\<a.

eu eiScoj eis olov dyaira fp^eo-^e, 5i5da> v/xds.

yap

iroAf/xioi

laoiTai TroAAot,

icat

cn-iWt

cav 5e dfd-(rx';o-^e raCra, ovSef dAAo

Kpavyfi'
<cal
5

Kt}pa>

d^opai avOpdnnav /3ap/3dp&>i', aAA'

a?)r6s

*/

d^ioi T>/S eAevflcpi'as

cyat 5f,

*95 carat"

a7r-7/yyeAAov

rcSi'

Ao^ayovs

Aeycov Totd5e.

TT/S

Kv/ios 5e o-vy-KoAe'tras roi/s arpa-

285 j3a(riAe'a)S CTTparias.

TT/yov?

8id

^p-fpa avrd/ioA.01

tvroA/jtoi,

yap

aio-^vro^iai

av0p<i>iioi.

eyw

eav

iroiTjaw

6?)

Se

TOVJ

Aeya>i> a>s 5ei/\oi

V/LICIS
fzei/

TroAAf/

<f)o(3tpov

uVir

ot

dvSpes ytv^rrOf

/3ovAo/Vous

d7r-

V
KO.I

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

I.

ou<a8e j^Acorous rois otKOf otojucu 5e TroAAoi/s

13

vju<2i' alp//-

irap' f^ol /xe'rar."

'EvravOa FavAtTTjs

Kpe,

a>

ris 7rap-a)i> dire

on

Ae'youcri rivey

av a7ro-8om'ai oaa iw-lrj(l.'i.

tori fxt^ iVf^,
iav

/xe'xpt

2>

Km

JLUJV,

300

u yeVijrat, ov

ri

ertot 8e Aeyovcrty ort

(f)a(nv'

TW Kup&>* "

^i;y VTr-ta

eav 6e

Tra/3-oVra lih&wov'

ae

Fresh promises.

objector silenced.

oS'
o 6e

ai-Spe?,

ei

Kvpos ati-iKpivaro'

ap^'/

?;

(3ov\oto, bvvaio

Trarpwa, Trpos 305

*;

ov 5ta xaCjua avOpooiroi ov bvuavrat

wpos Se apuTov ^e'xpt oS 5ta ^ifj.&va ov bvvavrai

OLKefv' ol 8e TOU e/^iov d8eA<^oi/ <^i'Aoi ap^ovcri Tracrjjs r^s
ot/cea',

cf jueVa) \atpas.
rows

fav

8e

^as

Sei

yiKTjo-w^e/^

jroi^a'ai

SWTCO 8e Kat 310

?;/xTpovs 0iAov5 ap^ovras TOVTMV.

TU>V 'EAArj^cov (TTf(f>ai'ov

rai/ra avroi re ?)o-av

jroAv

v rai5ra rots aAAois.

Doubt (whether the king

'EvTavda
Toy
"

KA'apx?

d8eA(|)oy

etTrep

A?j^o//,at

ye

epio'?

//era

Kvpov

)pf'0 ror

/iey

eorty
Trjv

Numbers

fght.

fjia^flndaC

Tavrrjv

eyeWro, raiy

ivill

"

KCpov

trot;

on both sides.

dSeA^o?, OVK arev

evravOa
o'TrATrai

l^)?/

ap^rfv."

'EAAjjvcov

ai

Otei,

"Nat,

/A^X'? 5
o?)

Kal

fjivpioi

Trapa TOVTOVS

?j(raf

e^OKis-xiAioi

etico<ri

1777:^19,

^X''1

dpi^/xos

/3ap/3up&>y 5eKa /xuptd8es eye'rot'ro.

TToAe/ziW eAtyo^ro etrai e/caroj; KOI

Kvpe,
Kvpos, 315

rerpa-

TaJy oe 320

/muptdSes"

wf

KOI

'ApTayep<r?js

KSpos ef-eAam'ei araQiwv

fi>a

Ttavrl

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

14
raj

orpareiJ/ian

325 fjia^flaOaL

vvi -reray/^tVa)'

raur?/

r?)

e/xuxero Sia 7roXAa>i>

OVK

fOtXeiv

iy/jiepa.

oi

jy/uiepwy,

uxrre

fjid^faOaC

a>ero

yap

8e

CTret

/3a(riXea

OVK

/SaaiXevs

avrbv

(oofro

"EAArjrcs

CTTO-

vvrfpaia Kupov

TTJ

pewero

CHAPTER

II.

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND

T>{v ^/'w^

Tf; Se

rpt'rT;

7y8rj

TOTC
5

6 Kupoj f-nopfVfTO

?;//f'pa

RESULTS.

Preparations for the battle.

coming !

xat ex 601 oAt'yovs e^

roi; apjizaro?,

ITS

"

raei

*ca<?-jj//froj

Trpo eauroC.

cat

o aradfjios, evOa e/xeAXey dz'a-Traweo-^ai, TrXrjcriov

OarTjyua?, an/p

br)

aua Kpdros*
<rvv

riep(77js,

?rpo-(/)aa'erat

eut

i]V.

eXawcov

Kai ev^vs (/3oa, Xe'ycov ort /3ao-tXei/j Trpos-

(rrparfv^an TroXXaJ,

fi*'da>

8^

7ro\i/s

Trap-eo-Keuaa/xc'ros'

rdpaxoy eyerero.

Kvpos

ws as

8e *rara-

OTTO roC apfiaros ef-t'8v roi> dtopana, KOI dra-/3as

CTTI roi> iTTTroy

10 eKcXeuo-e

iara(T0ai

xal
ets

eAo/3e ra TraXra eis ras

TOUS

aXXovs
ol

rd^ci-'.

ro

e-07rXie<r#cu
5e

Se^toi;

ev^v?

unreis 7j(raf
'

'

re

7retTa 5e
cai

/ca^-

Kafl-iorarro.

Kai

xepas Trpos

8e juera Tourov*

r<S

MeVtov 8e

Ev^pdrr;
t<rxe TO

V^XX^wj;.
KCpos 8e co"xe ro ptaov
(ryy avrw eaKoVioi, (LirXKr/xefoi 0<apa.i

cvu>vvfj.ov jfepas ra>y

15 KOI

x e ^P as

KOpos

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

11.

Near approach of

Kat

>/8?7

re

i\v

/xe'<roi>

8e

7/rt/ca

eV

tfya.ivc.TO

Kal

?/ju,epas,

ot

eyiyyero,
oe

vaTfpov

V<f>lht]'

Their array.

the enemy.

oei'Ajj

ra^a 8^

/ecu

fxey

\evKo-6u>pa.Kcs

roC

)(aAKo's

cnriGLv.
OTT' dAA?;Aa)i'

e^o'/jtei'ot

ns

eAa/XTre, KOI
170-01; iTTTTeT?

TroAejuiW,

8e Tjtray oTrAtrat

raCra 8e ra ap/xara

iroAv 25

eTx.^ Spe'iraya

raets

K T<I> d^o'f cor, ajare 8ta-/co7ireiv rds

of Cyrus frustrated by Clearchus.

Tactics

Ot

8e /3dp/3apot Trpos-^ecraz; aty^ xat /3pa8e'a)?.

vro)

Tjap-iXavvwv

Ki/pos,

rpwlv

rj

TtTTopau',

orpdYev/xa Kara TO

TreTTOtrjKa/jier."

TO

beiov

0ei'?7

co

Ke'pas

ror

T&V

<f

ep/xij^ei

KAt'ap^ov
"

e^>?j,

8e KAe'cp^os OVK

8e

aTr-eKpa'aro

/xeA?j(ret OTTCOS

First appearance of Xenophon.

Zfvoty&v 8e
o-Tparei;/xaros

'A^fji'aros, t8a>y

KOI

ey

ro

/SacrtAevs

f tKco/xey,

Tiavro.

ijOeXev cnro-a-ndaai

r<5

et's

p.T)

KVK\<I)- 35

"
Kvpco,

ravra KaAcos ex/."

TOVS TroAe/xtous Kat

/cat

aAAots 30

ayety

7roAe/xuoj>, 6Vt

Kvpos en irap-\avv<i>v Kar-e^earo TO

ets TC

/cat

aTio roi; TTOTOJUOU, <po(3oviJ,evos

eKaTf'pco^ez;*

Kupe,

e/ce'Aeue
jj.f<rov

rw

<rvv

"'Edy yap roCro,"

e/ce?

etj

Tts

Kat

8e a^r<Sj; ap//ara ^r,

irpo

>

/ue'Aatfd

raiy

eucow/xov

8e rowrwi' yeppo^o'pof

Kortopros

ore 8e 01 iroAe/xtoi 20

at Ao'y)(at *cai at ra^ets Kar-e^atVotro.

em

OVTTO)

TtoAe/xtot

tfyavr]

coaTiep

ra> ireSt'a) Trpo'crco.

eyy^repoi",

15

'Ejuoi,"

Kat evTavda

o-TpaTeu/xa, 0770-

TOVS

Prosperous omens.

avTov

OLTTO

TOV 'EXXrjinKov 40

7rpo$-eA0u>r airw, ?/peTo

ei

Tt

Trap-

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPFION.

6 Sc KCpo? (KeXevcrev avrov Xeyeiv Ttaanv

ayye'AAoi.
TO,

/caAa

lepa

toi'Tos Sta T<J>

45 zevo<j)>v
/cat

"fir],

"

/cat

on

eiTTev

ait-fKplvaTO,

Aeycoy be ravra,

tJ/.

rae&>f,

KCpos

ri's

7/pero

o ri

TO

etr;

eis

TO

Trpos

fj.e(rov

Kcu

avTiKa

ol

K-K\LVOV<n

fJLCl'Ot

Kttt

btuKov

KSpos

eirfcrdai

TW^

KOI 8ia

fVTO.v9a

KO.I

Ka.T-tKr\fydr)(iav

irpo-

br]

01

ra 8e ap/xara

fv Ta^et.
ITTTTOI

8e "EAAryyes,

ot

'EAA^ycoi'.

dAiyot 8e

dAAa ov8e

e/c-TrAayeVrfS*

bid re

CLVTO.

(fapov

Ta ap^ara, 8i-i0Tafro.

irpo-t'Soiey

Kal

eTratdft^by,

/cpdroj, tfiowv 8e d\A?;Aois

rjvio^(av, KCU ol

TU>V TroXe/xicof

wing.

oi 8e fidpfiapoi (frofiov-

<f)VyOV(TI,.

Kara

(JLCV

dAAa

8po'/ji<>,

Kera

r^v

"EAATjre?

/uey

TOIS TToAe/^tiots.

O.VTIOI

rip\oiTo

C7r

6 5e

T^y eauToC

Victorious onset of the Grecian right

17877

6 8^

<rvvdr]fjia'

ZET2 2&THP KAI NIKH.

Tawra a7r-7/\aui'cy

55

btvrepov

Ae'xo/xat rof oicorov, KOI rovro eara)."

etTTf,

50

6 5e

etrj.

Tiap-lpyjETai

<n;y(??j/xa

?;pcro

dopvftov

fjKovfft

o dopv(3o<}

on

/cat

OUTOI HiraOov

'

ovbfv, ovbe aAAos oiSeis ru>v

60 ravTTj

rr\

E,\\r)i'a)v (TraOfv

ovbei'

ti>

eAe'yero 8e TIS

p.d^r)'

Cyrus defeats the king's guard of six thousand.

Kupo? b%

6pS>v

r>v

into

65 fdMMCCy"
CO-KO'TTCI

l)(0t
8r/

TO

dAAa

TOVS

o TI /SacrtAevs
/xe'ffoy

avrbv,

ap-tyl

eyj&v TOU?

<ri/^

irotTjo-ot.

owe

o/xco?

cavroi
/cat

TT}S

ovi;-

Ivr^eas

on

f/ceu-os

yap

17861

TOU Ilep<nKo{5 aTpaTev/^.aTos.

TOTe, e^ajv TO nicruv

auros

efafcoo-t'ovs

>cat

lauTou (TToaTias,

o/ia)9

NIKE OF BRESCIA

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

77.

TOV

tyevcro

TUIV

ovo'eis

TOV

Keparos

ciHavvpov

eVfla

8?)

Kai jn/ca rows (^aKLS-^iXiovs rovs

TJ]

a>s 70

fn-fKajj-TTTCV

KCpos eXavvei

cu'rioy,

^po

reTay-

/SatriXe'cos

KOI &ir-fKTivfV 'AprayepcrT/j; ror up^ovra

(j.4vovs'

b*

eVet

Kvpov.

avrw,

e/xa^TO

'EAAr/z'ooy

<vK\w<T(i>v TOWS "EAA7;z>as.

I?

ain&v

(O.VTOV

Cyrus pays the penalty o/ rashness.

rowra)

ot

Kvpov eaKoViot,

a^l

fX.fL(f)drj(rav

/SacrtAea

/cat

ai'bpa 6p>,"

rwv

Trepi

ovrtos

avTov eiceu'TO

CTT'

ot

8e

r?)y X e *P a

^J"

creAevTTjtre^'

/3ap/3apoi aTT-erajuot njy KetyaXyv avrov KOL

beidv.
1

Artaxerxes plunders the camp of Cyrus.

attack,

and

BcunAei/s 8e *at ot avy

ets

'Aptatou,

/^era

roO

is

laurwi;

fj.r]vro'

8e

j3acriAei)s etr;

<cat

Iwetra

o-w

<|)opots, jSacrtAevs

r<5

8e

ot

ot

roy

/txey

crrpare^juart

fVTavda

brj

tv T&>
<pevyou(ri

o-ra^oy,

awrw

(rui-

<-v9fV

8ta
<5p-

o"t-ap7rabv(ri ro 90

"EAAjjycs r\crQovTO

on

ey rots eavraiy

8e J7Kouo~ey ort ot

eyayrtovs.

fj.cv

VTrdpxov,

ets

returns to the

8t<oKoz;re

KOI ot

Kwpou

ffrparoTre'Sou

/3acrtAei/5

(TTparoTTeSof.

r?

TOU

He

85

defeated.

avrw

TO Kvpou (rrparoTreSoi'.

"Toy

Kara TO crrepvov,

KOL K?pos re avros

6(f>OaXfj.6v'

KOpos

KSpos KaO-opa.

(V bf TOUT(i) CLKOVT^fi TtS 80

KCU o/crw ot apto-roi

/Liev

ro 75

<car-

at ew^i/s ftTrwy,

CLVTOV, KOL Traiet

WTTO TOI>

ouy

eis

01

&/vlya>i>,

<!/?j

<TTI(|)OS'

8ta TOU 6ti>pO.KOS.

rw
,.

em

eAawet

Kttl TLTptoCfK.fi

fvravfla

aiirov.

ro djm^t fKetvov

opiJ.i]<TavTs

Trai'v

7rA7jy

t-eo-7TetpoiTo'

EAA?jycs yiKw

^SacrtAeus

rj6poi.(

TOVS

SELECTIONS

l8

FROM XENOPHON.
is 5e

95 tavTov, no! avv-era.TT(To.

TTO\[J.[OVS tyyvs re
CTT'

ol 8e

ai>TOi;s.

oWas

tlbov TOVS

ol "EAATjves

Kat 7rapa-TTayp.e'rovs, e7r-Jjra

Kat

ecpevyov*

/3ap/3apot

ol

"EAAjjres
ol

"EA-

to their

camp.

eiraC^a 6e

K&''M 77 S TU>OS.

yap r^
too ol /3aatA(os

li

The Greeks, ignorant of the fate of Cyrus, return

v

ol

Toy

roy

EAAj7i>es h'TavOa f.\(apovv,

\6<f)OV,

cirt

TO{!

ol

\pr]iLaTU>v
ill',

eo-Tr/aa^

cSofev

ra? aKrjvds.

TOVTO ol

KOI

ol TroAf'/xiot

Syero.

Kara-Aa/jt/3dVoucri 8e

KOI ct Tt

/SacrtAer 8t-7/p7rao-ay.

aSetTrrot

T/crav

Tyrrav

/cat

d$-iK-

ra TrAetora

airiov

wore
8e

KOI

ov yap r/5ecra^

avrois aTT-ieVaf

oSj'

ef-

dj-'-eTravoiTo'

^atVotro*

bi-rjpiracriJLtva'

aw

TWf 'EAA?^^^

aTr-ayyeAAovfny ort

Kt'pos oySa/AOU

CLVTUV Te.Qvr]K.6ra.

Kat cy rovro) TyAtos

"EAA?^cs

on
CTTI

KAe'apx

ol 6t

favyovcriv ava Kparos'

6e

Aa-

W^fMTCt ayyt'Aous

Xu(f}ov ytyro'/ue^a.

'5

oe

iTTTrets

KeAfvet avrovs d--ayyetAai ra VTiep

Ao'</)0i/.

/cat

ol

ol

i]

TIOTOV

Tr

Kat dya

7Tpu> yap TO aTpciTi///a

Greets learn the death of Cyrus, and

Ariaeus king.

offer to

make

H50TI KCpo?
6is

TO

OI/TTCO

Tipoffdfv,

fyaivoiTO'
/cat

<ibo(v ovv airots Trpo-ieVai

orv/i-jui'^ai

TO)

IIpOKA^s KOI FAoCs cA(?oWcs eAeyov OTI KCpoj

KOt,

'Apiatbs 8e TTf(/)vya)s
TT)
t

TipoTfpata.

ej;

/xev

TOJ ffTafytcp et?;, 0^61;

KAeap^o?

8f a/coi5o"as TaCra ctT

Ki^pos Ttdi'ijKd', aTT-ayyt'AAer* 'Aptat'y, OTI, etu

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

//.

fA0//,

avrbv /3ao-iXea."

7T(w/<rop;ci>

TO.VTO.

19

etTrc

TOWS dyye'Xouy, CLVTUS Se

jj.lv

arms

Jlrtaxerxes calls upon the Greeks to surrender their

They refuse.

Mera ravra
avT&v

on

/SatfiAfi/s

ra oTrAa.

u Ei

/xej' /xt'a

8tot

i,

irpoj-eA^o^rfs

EAAi/^a? Trapa-SiSoVat 125

/5apf'cus

juei

ano-Kpivacrdai /3ao-tXet.

OTTTJ

oe

?]z/

rou

avii-fiovXcva)

JJLOVOI'

i/jias

/^ir;

'A77-dyye\Xe

Trap'

ijfj.u>v

8e ctTrey

TroXejuioSiraj 130

Trapa-bibovat

bvvarov eort."

"

traro'
8e'rj

8e

rts (<TTIV eXTrts ijua? <r(adijvai

eya>

/3a<riAet,

xer

KeAewei TOVS

KeAewrraj'ros

Se,

u/zco?

oSrot

'EXX^y.

8e "EAArjfes

01

Ttapa ^aatAews'

KijpVKis ep^ovrai

<I>aXu;os

TO.

KXeap^os 6c
raSe'

ort, eaj>

7//xay cptXovs eiVai /3ao-iXei, TrXet'oi'os a^toi etro- 135

ra oTrXa,

77

napa-8ot.'Tes tiXXw*

oXep:?/rTO/xey ex oz;Tes T "

eay 8e 807

oiXa,

?}

aXAa>

7ra/)a-8o'rres.

'

Shall
'()

it

8e

be fence or it-nr ?'

(

I>aXu'os

et/ie"

Clear chus gives a guarded ansiuer.

" Tafira

/jtey

8?)

a7r-ayyeXoi5/xi''

dAAu ^3amAevs

tK(\fVcrev

ta^

(vQdfe, ff-novbal HcrovTat, fav 8e cnr-ujre

fiet' p.(v>]T

?//jias

etTrerv v/xt^ Kat rd8e'

on, i^o
r}

curare ovr Kat ?rept TOVTOV avep

"
8oKt."
8e
eAe^cf
vpilv
KAe'apxos
'ATT-dyyeAAe TOIVVV
on TO.VTU 8oKi 7)p.ti>, aTiep KOI /3a<nAei 8oct." " Tt ovy
"
f
o 8e KAeapxos air-fKpt- 1^5
can ravra j
<pq o ^aXtvos.
C 2

Trpo-tTjre, 77oAfp.os IcTTat.

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

20
"

varo'

'Ear

p.ev

fteVco/xfr,

"
e

cm-(Kpii>a.TO'
cnr-ioOtriiJ

(v

V
OJ;K

o 8e

77o'Ae//oy

aTT-

TT/JO-iioCcrti;."

and

fjifv

(uv

fjiu

o ri o

irou/aoi

offers to conduct

them.

avv avrut M^OVTO. na

Apiatov Tia\iv iJKoV IWTOI Se

Kai ot

'

01

?;

?}

errorrat,

carat.

" Sirovbal

advises the Greeks to retreat,

01 TTf^^e'i'Tej Trpos

155 TOW,

Tjo'Ae/jio?

SirorSaj

TrjGC'

Ar metis

(movbal

7I/JO-ICO/X6J

i)

</;cri

TroAAous tlvai ITe'paas

ea<roucrtv

CLVTOV

ei

f3a<TL\tveiV

>

77a/)-U>ai
,

aiiros

<JH]<JIV

air-i^vat

evOvs."

o b'

ovv KAt'ap^os }yctTo rols aAAoi?, ol 6e ciVoj/ro airoj'

KOI a<l>- IKVOVVTO napa 'ApLcuov afj.<pl /ae''ms iruKTas.
Kai
'

160 ot r

EAA^i'ey KCU o 'A/nates

t<T(cr6ai'

ol

&JJ.O<JQV aAA?/Aois (rt'/ajua^oi

bf fidpfiapot 7rpos-cu/iO(raj> ij-yrjcrfaOm TOIS

CHAPTER

III.

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

Greets approach the king's troops, <who retreat in fear.
t

iv 8cta'

5e ?//mepa tyevero, (iropevovTO, expires TOV ij\iov

KOI

a/xa

f/Ata)

SWOVTI

d(/)-uoiro

eis

Koj

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

777.

Tivas

Ba/3uAoWa? x^P as

rfjs

\t[uovs
r*/coi',

6e

ol

CTTTieas'

on ov^

Aeyorres

xai

TTp6(ru>.

CTKOTTOI

77po-7re/^$0eW

on

/3ant/\ei;s

KCLTTVOS

yap

8e

rfi

evTwQa t&ofay opav

eyyvs

w5

eoixe,

eSy/Aaxre 6e

TOTO

jSaatAevs- 8e,

TOV o-Tparewjuaros'

oure

oi/6e^,
w

(<lw(3r)di] rfi Z(p6bu>

ou

KW//CIS

virofuytoi;

(j>avr].

TTOV (.arpa-

ei>

ec/jatVero

ovrf

vrrrepaLq

ovre crrparoTreSoz'

KnTTr'os,

TTO-

~na\iv

iTTTms tier, dA/V inrovyia ye/^ojuera.

xai eu0is Trdyre? Hyvuxrav

ro7re5et'ero'

11

10

v(TT(paiq

TJ/

T/Sr

>f/g-

yap

a/j,a

r;/xepa

Try

proposes a truce,

and

get pro-visions.

'Ihe

offers guides to help them

Greeks accept both.

*O 8e KAe'apxos dou(ras
"

KT/

e7re/x\//e

to

'ATr-ayye'AAere /Sao-tAet OT6 5

oi5e

ov yap e^o/xey apiarov'

"EAArjcri

v.

8e

ol

apurrov"

ay

o-TTo^Swy,

Trept

eAeyoi'

ayyeAoi
8e

ort

irp&Tov TropiV?]

a7r-?/Aauj'oi',

iJKOifV

&WffCV avrov?
i

ol /uer r/yoCi/ro*

e^ Ta^et,

Crossing the trenches.

?/yet(r^at

KAe'apxos
(cat

ra

airors

TraAiy

/cat

f//coi>

^yejuoVa?,

<-\OVTC$

O.VTOVS eKeicre, o^ey Aa/3otev

rots 15

rts Ae'yeiv

ToA/xrycret
/XT)

Trpos

rd

ot

6 5e

einri/Seta.

7rtTr^8eta. 20

8e ewopevero, ex<o^ TO

avros oTna-do-

Activity of Clearchus.

The Greeks eat

the fruit of the date-palm.

Kat evpoy
bia-fiaii'tiv

Tar/)povs TiAr/pets vSaros, ofo

eTioiovvTO ovv 8ta/3dcreis ex

Kol Iv TOVTUI

ot 7/<ray er T/J yj&pa.

rots

TO

8o'pu,

a-rpartcorats,
/;

6e

TTJ

ei'

5t^ia

OVK cSyt

Twy

TW epyp o KAeap^os

fxcy

TT)

dpttrTepa

/3a/crrjptaf.

cat

x et P'
et

Tts

2s

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

22

aurw

ii]

(rw airois

TrdWas at<rx i l ea $ at
'

'

TOV

eiraie

/SAa/cei/eir,

CLVTOS eitovei

*at

/SAaiceovirra'

rw

e/ji-ySau'coy eis

fuj crv-(n;oubdei.v aura).

*ai -np&Tov

erd^Orf^av npbs TOVTO TO ZpyoV

TOV KXeap^ov crKovba^ovTa, /ecu ol

fird be

p.h> ol re&jtepot

a^(/3ayoi'.

Tropero'/xet'ot

ey at? TrtfXvs (Ttros

6e afp-inovTO els Kw/

evTavda

Ke0aAa\y?/s 6e.
npwrov e<pa.yov TOV ey/ce'(aA.oi>

35 ?/6us

Triveiv,

jj.ev

ouros 8e

otros (ftoii'iKW

-?/y /cai

a>(rre

TrrjAoV

roi)

ol

cai

(ftoiviKOS'

eOavfj.a<Tav TO re et8os KCU r?/y f)bovi]v O.VTOV.

TitsapberxtJ returns

with a message from

?/f

orpari&irai

the king.

oi
i]v

Reply

of Clear chui.

xai TKracupepvrjs

e/uietraz; ?//>ie'pas rpeis'

"

40 Trapa picyaAou /Sao-iAe'oos lAfye roiaSf,

"EAA?;fes, yeiVcof oiK<S

etj

r?/

'EAAdSi'

TroAAa Kaxa 7re7;ra)foras,

aTro-awfrai v/xas ei? T7/y

EAAa6a,
ptot

oiop-ai

yap

T]K.U>V

S arSpcj

>cai <77Ci ciSoj;

T/TOU/ITJV /SacrtAe'a

rovs "EAAr/ras e^fif

77<irras

'Ey^

SoCrai

v/uas
c/ziu

ai i'/xas xai

\dpiv 8ia rai/ra.

xat

45 Trept yikv TOVTOH' /3acriAei/s vTr-ecr^fTO pot

ejct'Aevo-f

5e

/xe

eptvOai

v/^ias

5ia TI

"'
Trpo? raOra KAeap^oy aTr-e/cpiVaro*
oure crvv-ri^dop.ev ws 7roA6p:?/<r(HTe9 j3a<riAet, cure
avroz'."

pevofjifda

50 ei'0a5c.
Oij^LfV

(irl

/3a(riAea*

<Vel 6e eoopaifiey
irpo-bovvai avrov.

cure /3oi>Ao/i0a

/ca*cws

aiio-KTfirai avrov'
AuTrot'r;
.5

T/^ias*

^dv

ap-ircMtfcu O.VTOV"

aAAa

Kfpoy a^-7;yayef

avrw

ez'

vvv

Troiciv

ris

?;/ias

d^opois orra, rivyvv-

be, enel Kvpos redvrjK^v

n/y /SauiAtais x<apav, ovrf

iropevoif^eda

8e

TTO-

8'

aj>

oixaSe, <i rts

JXT)

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

III.

2$

Tissaphernes engages to conduct the Greeks home in safety.

'O

Se

ayyfAw

Ti<j<ra<l)pvr]$

dfcowas

"

enre'

TaOra

at 8e cnrovbal [Acvdvrwv, j^e'xpt

(3a<n\el'

an-

eyo>

av TrdAty

'O 8' ovv wx ero T f/ ^ Tpti">l W*P<t t'l^iav eAeye

" BamAev?
juef 8t5coa-i />toi aa>eu; i>juas ei? T^y
'

7jKo>."

rotciSe,

'EAAaSa*
pevecrOai
Trora,

w?

8ta

oTiorav
^

a3

8'

t^as

djuoVai fffuv,

8e?j(ret

x^P a?

(/)tAtaj

o-ira

Aa/xjSayoyraj

fav

ayopdv

Trap-e'xw/xey

JMJJ

8e

TaCra

wreicT^at ra e7rtT?/8eta."

xat Ttcraa^epy//? w/xoo-e re

iro- 60

p/y

T)

Kat

ayopav

I6ofe rots

8eftay !&)

cai

rots rajy

orpanjyot? KCU Ao^ayots.

EAA?/i'(oi'

"

etTre'

Greeks begin

mistrust Tissaphernes

to

!./ KJ wa^f

'

of ClearchuSy

Mera raura
pj>/7i'

ot

ot

TrAetous

o-rpartwrat

t'co/jiey,

Kat

et

ot8a*

Af

juey rts KOI

and Ariaeus.
<2/"

or

etKo<rt^.

KUI

jixey

irfpt.-eiJ.tvov

eiret

8e

ov^
roy

rw KAetip^w, Kat

raCra Trdyra'
raj

wore owSets
aAAos

eay 8f

o-7roi-8a?.
?//xty;

(pi'Aos

OTT-

y{)y

eirttra ovSets 75

Kai 'Aptatos

AeAft\/A6rai

r//Ary.

Trora/xos 8ta-/3are'os eorty, OVK

ta/uey 8e ort d8vi'aro'y eart 8ta-/3^yat

77oAe/^.ta)y KcoAuo'yrwy.

Advice

situation.'

vzr-OTrrevovres

Trpos-rfecray

ayopav, o^Se ^yTJcrerat

a7ro-^3?j(rerai,

Trpo?

6 8e a-n-eKpCvaro avrots rotaSe,

8o'o/jiey Trotety -Trapa

7;ap-e'^et 7;/xty
eii^ii?

et>],

v^vs.

'Ey&> ey-^u/xoC/xai

dx^o'/xeyot,

'AptaToy, ju^ ou Trttrroj

"

/^

EAA?jyes Kat 'Aptatos

re

j;^te'pas

i}iovi> aTT-teyat

ju,ei>

fxera oe 65

aTT-ei/^t

8r)

r^y 'EAAaSa."

Aty, Kat aTT-a^co v^ias ets

'f

Nw

Kai

?)jUfrs

/xey

rots 8e iroAejutots iTniets etcn TfAeto-rof

o^x

roy Ev^pcirrjy,
\o^.cv tTTTrea?, 80

aiare I'tK&iyres /xey

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

24
ovbtva

o.v

el

fj.ev

ovv

be

vuuapevoL

a-no-K.Te[va,i[j.ev,

a.

/3ovAerat

/3a<nAei/s

avTov fin-opKrjaai KOL \l/ev(ra(rdai, KOL irotT/rrai

w
"
ra 77tora eavTov aTrtora EAA)jirt re /cat /3ap/3dpots ;
,

TI bel

Greeks begin their retreat, cross the Tigris,

their

'El'

8e

TGI/TO)

8e

and

continue

march through Media.

Ticrcra(f>tpi>ris

?//ce

ro?? *EAA)/(

?;yetro

eTropewero 8e KOI

ayopaz>.

Apiatos

roTreSevero crw air<3.

x^P' 5

rourovj,

be

a.[j.(f)6Tfpoi

etyvX&TTovTo dAA?/Aous

ovrw TTopevo^evoL cKp-iKovro

nap-f)\.0ov

Tiypjjra

evrevOev

avrov.

fl(ra)

Tipo?

iroTa[j.oi> )

f-nl

<o

TroAis

(rvi>

ot 8e

Iwo/jevoiTO*
-TroAc/Atov?.

c3<T7rep

TO MrjSias reives,
5'

(iropevOijaav

rjv

jueydA?;,

eirl

fat

TOV

Kat fvravOa efjLevov Ti]V VVKTCL.

95 SITTOKT]'

rouror toy Trorajuor, fTTopfvOrjrrav 8ta r^s M?j8ias araOTToAAoi/s, exoi'res

be TOV

TroTa.fj.ov

ror Tt'ypj/ra "nora^ov ev dptorepa.

aAArj ^y

TTO'AI?,

ovop.a Katrat,

01 j8dp/3apot Si-7/yor rots "EAA?;(riy aprous,

Clear chus addresses Tissaphernes.

Increasing mistrust.
</o

wrong

in suspecting us, for all our dependence is

Mcra raCra

too

evTavda

aty-LKVovvTat.

e^eivav

^/ae'pas

errt

T(J)

K\cdpx<)

KAcap^os

105 oZ8a fity opKovs

ijp.lv

Ae'yet

i.

'5T

upon you'

ey 8e ravrais

{/nonfat rjcsav aAA?jAa>i^ Sxritep TO Trpo&Oev.

rj\6ov, 6

7)5

TO^ ZaTrdray Trora/xor, KOI

rpets*

<Tvy-yevecrQai ra>

rvpois, oa-or.

^jue'paiy

eboev

ovt?

Tiaaafyepvet.

rd8e, "'Eya>,

yt yevrmtvovs,

(J.TI

abiKrjcreiv dAAr/Aous.

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

///.

(puAarro'/xeyoy 7/p.as a>s

(re

6p<3

/3ovAo'ju.eyos ovt>

upcoyre? raura dyri-</>uAaTTo'//e0a.

ras rotavra?

i>7ro\|uas,

ol juey

7//ny.

8t5aa>y

TJ'KW

8e

TU>V

yap aot

Tratra

arev Se

8ta-^aro's'

ay yeVotro, was
0o/3epo'j.

yap oVres ey

65os

juef

8e

ws OVK

ere

6tG>v op/cot KcoAvofcrty

yap

ae eyw i>o^ia> /xeytcrroy ez/ai ey

ox^^

25

Tratra

fxev

5'

ay

?;

8e

Tras

ep)?/xoi 115

ep^/xta"

et'/

5e

Tras

65os 6ta

Tiorajuos 8va7ropos,

c/)o/3epcorarrj

no

irap-wn,

eort,

t^Tropo's

aoi)

av6<i>Tru'u>v
T<

TroAAfj diropta ajua etro'/xe^a.

or ^o^f J /5?</ jours are frustrated, should any

misunderstanding arise between us.'

Ae'co 8e Kat

oo-coy eATTt'8<o^ e/xaurov

Tioitiv

Kvpov

KaKoV.

TI

(re

/xcu

<f>{\ov

rts

au

oSy

r^

TO'TC

r)

fX ety

e?r-

avrov

vopifav

wy

bvvafj.iv Kat rr)y o-eaurcw apyj]v a/x,a*

8'Jraf>ii9 ;

o-repr/ffatjuii, ei

eyw yap

yeveffQat,

eiv ?yp.as'

Kupou

ay

T77 1'

re I2

8e /3acriAe'cos

TroAejata r]y ra> Ki^pw, (rot yeyeV?]rat (Tvmj.a\os.

OI/K

ay ^3ovAotro

TroAAas eAvriSas

aKoww yap
det, oi/s

jcat

feat

ae

Mycrous

pa8tco? ay

<^i'Aos

eiyat (rot;

/3ouA7;<re(r0ai
(cat

aAAa

e$y?7

ay

(rot

e^co

8e

eu-at

/cat

7^/xty.

iroAAa ey-o^Aely 125

Ttjucopr/cratcr^e, )(pwp.eyot rf; ?/p.erepa

-rjperrj(rojue'y

aAAa

(/>i'Aoz;

Kat TT/S )(aptroSj

8tKaicov."

crot,

ov

/xo'roy

TOJ

?/y (rw^e'yres WTTO (rou

KAe'apxos

8e w8e aTreKptyaro*

juey

ow

e?7ie

130

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

26

We could destroy you if ive

Why then should you distrust
'

Reply of Tusapbernej.
yet ive refrain.

"

AAA

Aeyoyrt*

fj.v

?'/'8o/jtat

ere

8e'

eya>

<roi,

KAe'apx e > ovrco

cio

on

8t8doo,

et

and

'

<|>pozn'/>co0s

vjuei? SiKaiws

ov8'

aTrtoTotTjre ovre /3acriAer, ovre e/xot.

chose,

us ?

az>

yap ffiovXonfOa

a.7i-oAeVcu v/xa?, f^ofj-fv TroAAovs /zey biTre'aj, Kat TTf^oi;?,

135 Kat oTiAtVa?, ots

bwdtfteQa av vp.as fSXcnrTfiv.

Xcopt'a eortv eVtr/joeta, o^ey

eany

7re'8ta

lLf.v

yap

fi/y

bt,a-iTOpVf(rdc

140 rotrouroi

6'

eio-1

~i-Ti9u>[j.da. vfj.iv.

7/^ty <t'Ata,

roaaura 8e

Trpo-Kara-Aa/So'iTes

?//xei$

ov8a/xc3s

IILUV,

irup

errt TtopfVTta, a

ay
ay

v/x?f

aitupa'

5ta-/3airjre, ei

8e /U7;8ey TOJJT&>y VT;-

ei

ta-Tropevoi^ey v//as.

roaavra

v/xeTs cri/y TroAAaJ iroVa)

op?; v/Aif

Trap-e'xot/xef

Trora/not, 0115

aAAa TO ye

TroAAa 8e

Kpfirrov ecrn roO Kapirov, ov

KaTa-Kavo-arres bvvaifj-tda av
ra>

ov8'

Atjuw,

ei

Trd/'f

dya^oi

exoyres ouy rocroi;rous 7rpou9 Trpos ro

vpiry, TTois ToCroy TW rponov av e^-eAoi^e^a, os

145 drrt-OTj'/rai.
TroAf/Lteii'

/uo'ros

do-e^Sj/s

ecrn

/cat

aiaxpos

?//xe iy,

KAe'apxf, o^x

<Ib

ovre dAoyiVrot ea/xtV."

oi/rco /uaipot

TtssapLvrnes invites a conference.

of Persian

piece

treachery.

Taura

eiTrwy e8o^e

150 Ti(T(Ta0e'pi>Tj9 TrdAiy

TW KAedpxw

elTrei;'

dAj/^fj

Ae'yeiy*

KOI 6

" Ei
/3ouAe0-0e 01 Tf arpan/-

yol *ai cl Aox^yoi eA^ety fioi ei? Tf\v <TKr]VT]v, Ae'^a) v/iu
ra dyo'/xara raiy Aeyo'yTtD^, <a$ <rv ^irt-^3ovAeveis e/xoi re
"
6
Kat
aw

TTJ

"
a^ci)

155 ayoop

e/jtoi

TrdtTa?/'

ireWe

'Eya> 8e,"

(TTparta/'
TT/ 8'

vorepai'a TjA^e

o-rparr/yous

*cai

KAe'apxos,

e^>?j

rapa

Tio-aa^e'ptTjy

euoo-i \o\ayovy.

CTTCI

8e

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

///.

ral? Oupcus rats Tt<T(ra<epj>oi;s, ot

eTTt

Tiap-fK\i]0^irav

ol

8e

Aox^y

/uet>

arparrjyot
rats

firl

ipfvov

'

ov TToAAw 8e vcrrepoy ot re e^Sor o-w-eAap./3di>oz>ro

(Wpats.
Kal

ot

eicrco,

2J

efa>

iTiTre'coyj

raura TW^ /3ap-

6e

fiera

KaT-Ko<j)6r)<jav.

/Sdpcoy rifes

eAavrorres 8ta rov TreSiou, HKTZLVOV 160

f/

EAA?/ra9, ots ev-

The foe generals are murdered.

Consternation of the Greeks.

rourov

'E(C

817

ot

a7roi'8as

/cat

eAve ras

yot,

aAAoi, ot
" KAe-

KOI

5e

'A/)tatos

arbpes 'EAA?]f e9,

Tr-fj3ov\fv<T

etTie

rd8c,

Tiaffa<t>4pvr

erTrot'Sa?, e^ft

eto-ty vp-irepoi /uey

avrovs

irefj.\l/aT

r^v biKr]V

"

enl rot/rots ztvotp&v dire'

/iovAewoucrt Kat

evret

5e rjpo'ez;os KOI 170

ei'epyerat, ^ere/sot 8e
<i'Aoi

bevpo'

vp.iv Kai ^p.tr

yap

ra /3e'Ari0ra."

Trpos

raura

'

ot

p,ev /3dp/3apot,

a-n-YfXQov
i]\Qr}<rav

ovbev
Trpos

5ia-Aex^ e

'
'

i;

r fs

dAA7]Aots TroAuv x/70 1

aTio-Kpti'dp.ei'of

/3aaiAe'a,

Character of Clearcbus.

Kat

ai

ot

8e

orparjjyot

K((jja\al

His warlike tastes

avrwv

and

-'

ar- 175
cbr-

love of

adventure.

TOVTCOV be TWV o-rparqywf 6 /xer KAe'ap)(o$ wju

vno vavTUiv ytviaQai

(/)tAo7ro'A6p.os.

165

ras

re^fJjKei', eTret eAixre

Kar-?;yyetAai' r^y fTTifiovXr)i> avroi

rijur; fltriv,"

MeVcoy

TO

McVwy, on

ra onAa,

k~nl
(irl

Kvpa) Trto-ro'rarof KCU 6 'Aptaios

aPX 0? /z ^'

ct

avTiKa i]eiu

8e 7rdi;res juey OVK i]KOov,

?)<ray

tdtov

ot "EAArjres

{bi'rts rows fiapfidpovs

Kat

avrjp

yap

8?),

KOI 7roAep.iKos

eW

p.e^

Kat

7ro'Atp.os

p.aAto-ra
JJi>

rots

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

28

wpos rovs 'Aflrjyatovs,

iois

eVei 8e

Trarpi'Sf
(jioi'iovs

a^roi?,

aAV

rots

0paiV.

avrbv

185 a-o-crTp(f)(ii>

aTT-cTiAet

VTTO r<Sy

e(/>opot

STraprr; apxcVraiy.

Tore 8e a7r-?/A5e

ow

(ptAoTro'Ae/xos 77^.

KAeap^os

TroAAa

aj;Tai

K?"pos e8e?/^rj roi;

/xe'xP 1

(rrparfvjuaro?'

5e cpvya?

T/fir;

raSra Kal (ruA-Ae'^as

6 8e KAe'ap^o?, Aa/3wi>

0pa^t,

e* TOI/TOV

KOI

'EAX^o-Troi/roy

190 (rrparev/xa, eTroAe/aet TO?S

e^-e'-T

h'Tavda OVKCT

'Io-0/xou,

ets

ei>

eVet Se 01

Kvpo^, 6 8e Kvpos 8t8w<Ttp

Xp7/p.ara.

Aa*ce8at-

rovs

paKes dSticoref rovs "EAAt^as,

ot

a>9

oj? 7roAeju7/fT6oi'

eaurou

VTr-riperei rTj

Tretcra?

eye'yero,

flpijvrj

ffi/y

ourco

eKett'w.

/jiei'

severity of bis discipline secures the obedience; but not

the attachment of his soldiers.

Et? 8e ro ap\eiv rwr

orparta

rrj

ai'0pu>Ti(i)v

ra

yvw^riv roi?

195 7rot?j(Tat rr)i

roi;ro

8'

yap orvyuoj ry opa^

ez'tore

CTrotei
>cat

orparevjuaros.
200 (TrpartwrTji' </)o^3ci(T0ai roy
Ae/xtovs, et /ixe'AAot

7^

67Ttrr;8eta,

ex

dAAa

KOI

e/x-

ireUTTfuV

fir]

8e

yap

ov8ei>

KOI eAeyey

0iAKas,

/uei>

vi;

re

o^eAos
<w?

ap^oyra /xaAAoy
ei;

cat

aAeTro's*

(wv' eKoae

TT

ev <j>v\dciv

teVai Trpos roi/s TroAe/^ioi;?.

a>?

row eu>ai

T^yerro*

napa-

/xey j)y

uavos

crrpartwrai?,

rpa^vs

opyT/*

Uavo?

7)

7^

et

elf ai

8e'oi

TOV

TOI/S

710-

^appaAe'cos

TOIS Kir'8wois ot

TieiOeo-Oai. avra), KOI OT}K aAAov fjpovvro

ore 8e ye'roifro ev dorcpaAe?, xai e-euj avrois

orpanan-ai 7;^eAov
(TTparriyov'

^05 aTT-ie'i'ai Trpos

ou yap
coco's*

txev
cuo-r

aAAovs apxot^ras, TroAAol

7/8i/v

aTr-e'AetTroi'

rov TpoTrov, dAA' del x a Ae?7os

ol (rrpariairai St-e'/ceuro

Trpos airo//

avro'y
7]j;

/cat

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

s,
t

ow-eiVero

vruia oi<5ets Trore

))V'

ai/rco.

2Q

</u\ta 5e KCU

TpioSros /xey 8y

up^trOai Oe i^o u\Ao)i' eAtyero oi

CHAPTER

IV.

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

Extreme

of the Greets.

dejection

Se ot "EAA?jj'es T/aa^ ev TroAA?)

Kal

adv[j.<i)s

aQ2'To OITOU
TroAAot

8e

fm

TO.

xat

AwTrrjs

Xenophon came

"llv 8e rts ev

r/KoAow^ef
cnt(j.\l/a.To

Trotr/aeiv

raura

oTrAa

rairnqv

Ttodov

/waiKum, Tiafoav, ovs kvopi^ov

uer S?) Sta-Kfi/xerot dv-

OT/aartjyos

Sr)

avrwv eyev-

VVK.TO.,

rryv

OTTOU e/caoros erwy^ai'ef a>y, ov Sura/^ei^ot

tiTro

//o<u;

/a.er

r^v faiifpai', oAtyot 8e Trwp di'-eKaixiav

fis

OWK ?]\duv

av-eT>a.vovTO 8

<ca^-^8eiy

Kat oAtyoi

eT^oy /vtdAtora*

77]

ovre

dAAd

join the expedition.

oi/re

n/3o'ei>o?,

<i'Aoz>

cri;|u,-^3ouAej;rat

yovtutv,

TrorptSwi',

ju?/7rore ert o\//ecr^at.

orpana Zfvoty&v

Ao^ayos

UVTOV olnodcv
avrov

to

'AOrjvaios, os ovre
coy

crw-

dpxaws,

/xer-

orpartcorrj?

^e'vos

wj;

vTT-ta-^v^TO 8e aura),

TW Kvpw.

6 8e Hevo^aJy

2a)Kpdri TW 'A^/j^ata)

et

d
irept

jo

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

30

Kat

15 770pftaj.

2a)Kp<m;s

as AeA0oi/j

o 8e Hero</;tot>

oSur Kat KaAwj Trpd^at.

20 (?eoi)?,

wore

ol? eSet

8e

e/rei

ai/rai

afj.fi.vov

etrj

TraAtv

iropfvdeLT].

" raura

fJLCVTOi

P^/ ~oieti'

ov

Tropeverr^at

T)

'O

/xei> Sr/

?/pov/'

throw

in bis lot

dufiv, 1^-eirAet

30 avjov [j-flvai

eai'ra).

Trap''

arpareta A?/^etey,
cu'at

3?

r?ys

a7ro-7re'p:v|/oi

bf

'EAAd^o?, Kat

ftz'at.

T1]V

CTrpaTicoraij;,

Se

CTTCI

on

OOOV

i* 710

yXOov

fls

o oro'Aos cu;
CLKOVTfS,

at<rxwo/xw'ot

rjKo\ovdi](rav avraj*

wv

|uei>

ov^

K0.i

ort,

Kpos
eirel

avrov otKaSe'
6

Dta-t'oas.

ctv

f8o/cei elyat Traa-tr,

fJifVOt

with Cyrus.

6 8e
5e

elTre

o{5rto9 f^-a7rarr;^ets,

/3amAea

l^)?j

SdpSe^i ripo'^roy Kai Kupo^ jUc'AAovras

at avv-eTayOi] KW/JO)'

vfTo

ay KaAAi<rra

Hei'cx/xSy, ^(rd/jieyos roi^rots rots 0eot? ot? o

eAevrrf
i>

OTTO)?

?/or;

rois

aAAois,

^3a<riAea.

O/XWS

57

Kwpov,

rrav.

7/0"??

</>o/3ou-

TToAAot

Ol

TrpoSoDz^ai

ov*

Ta^icrTa

KtAtKtav, aatfifs
eiri

v aTropia
cat

j/^rj

(KeXev(T(i>

8?j
"Eevo^wv fcrrpaITpof&ov* ovSets yap

cts Kat "E(vo<f)<t)V r/v.

r/yey

Kar-

6 6e oroAos

Xtnophon has a dream.

ot
ri/i>

rj/y

ir

oo-a o ^609 eKe

resolves to

//<"

oimo?

avrut

^A^cy, lAf^c

on

aAA' ort avros (nL-9v^(ra<i teVat ?}pcora

" 'ETTft

25

(n']fj.r]vev

6 6e 7/riaro avrov,

iav ra> 2coxparei.

TTorepov

Kat 6 'A77o'AAa)#

Qvf.iv.

'

rov

\6<i)i> f-n-ijptro

KOI ei/^oiTo,

$i'ot

rw

<ru//,-/3oj;Aej;et

am-KOi

Kat

Toif
ovi>-

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.
Se

vaTfpov
/3poi>riii>

OLKiar,

8e

tK

Kai

UTTO

TOVTOV

tlvai,

on

ei>

8e

o/xcos

Aa/.'.7Tca-$ai.

tyofielTO,

p.rj

Meeting of the

officers.

o^ap 45

tSeif

ov bvvairo

orap

/^acrtAeais, TO 8e TTvp e8oK6t

/w reflections.

(f)Oj3oviJ.evo<i

Ixpa'e TO

fboev

coy

avrw

eis TT)V Trarpwai

8ta TOWTO /xey

KtrSwots

Zbo^ev

oi-ap.

TTfrrf'iv

/3aa-i\ecos, ort TO

x^pa? T^S

Atos

Tiavav

KCU

av-rjyfpOi],

Aio's'

ex r?]s

el$ti>

[j.V yfVfadai, (TK^TtTov 8e

ew^i/s"

ayaOov

VTTVOV

Xayjuv

31

Xa

Five

new commanders

chosen.

"ETrao^;

8e

irp&rov

ai'-rjyepOr],

VTTO /3cunAe'cos, 8et

?//jias

aAAa

'

TtaQovras iravra

Kara-Ket//e^a
fK

ayfiv."

f]crv\iav

(j.h<

TOVTOV

tvvoia e/x-TTtirrft 50

TO.

beivdrara Kal

ev^aSe,

wa-jrep

ai'-urTaTai

feat

e^-oy 55
o-yy-

TU
eKaAov^ rows aAAoi>9 Aoxayois
Trai'Tes

orparrjyot

Kat

\o\ayol
be

(cat

Kal

fnaO^ovro'

avv-iiKOov,

tyivovro

ol

a^l

avv-tX6uvT(<s 60
efcaroV.

av^-

et'

T^

'
Council of <war and speech of Xenopbon.
\.
^-o^j <n,'/V/
be on our side, for we have kept our oaths'

'E?ret 8e

rovs

ol

&p\pVTfS

cTTpaTttoras.

eirei

fiprjVTO,

8e

oi

t8oev avTots
<rTpaTiwTai

crvy-Ka\fii>
(rvv-i)\dov, 65

SELECTIONS FROM XEXOPHON.

32

Xei/n<To</o? dr-eVr?;, KCU fiera TOVTOV KXedi'wp

fj.(i<

bf

7ovru>i>
/cat

'

tAttf* 1

T'/r /yer

*at aTrurriav t^ets,

r<2i;

fiapfidpwv iiuopniav T6

ot/jiai, e77t(rra<r^e.

oa

op&vTas

r,

Eero^au; uriararat,

fiTiui'Tw,

fl

'

ei j^tey

orparr;yoi

?;/a<f

oS

apri

ci

CLVTOVS

KO.I

KaXat

cat

TO \OLTTOV
eXTTi'Ses

(rcorr/pias.

TOWS

75 efi-TrcSor/iey

TT

raif

-prov

0ewi'

fj.ev

ol

opKovs,

XiXvuacri ras (TTrorSas Trapa roi/s opKOus.

eari rouj Ofovs rols

(JLCV

yap
bf

-xoXt'

ouro>

cirai eravri'ovs,

TroXe/it'oiy

?/

oe

'

ii.

T&V

bf ava-p-vijcra) v/xa? ray

go

and maintain

Let uj emulate the valour of our fathers

our own.'

tra

f)fj.(Ttp(av

dperas,

aya&ns.

IXQowriav yap

t5fjre

wj

vp.lv

irpos-T]K(i

Hfpcruv

ra>j>

itpoyovtav

7ra/x7rX7j0ei

etrai

oro'Xa>

7rl

ray 'A^/Jt'ay, ol 'A0?jt>aun irp&Tov TO\p.r)cravT($ (I'lKr/aav

avrovs.

l-Treira,

'EXXd8a,
85 rowrajv

ovrw

bf

ore

rare

xat

KOI

Trpoydrou?
KOI

He'p^r/y
ol

v/i6is

Zarepov

Kara

yijv

apri

c/cydrois 6ftKare avrous auv rois ^6ois.

vpou
?Jy

90

f/i

/3a<riXei'as 7;r6

v/A6Tepay

r^y
TOVS

Kara

Kal

avTL-Tadp.fvoi

6m

(vtKutv

i]\6ev

Tipoyovoi

T/ju'repot

rot?

xat rdr6

arSpey ayaOoi'

awrr/piay

8ei

[Mfv

vvv b(,

/ad^ea^ai, Trpoy-

vfias etrai iroXu xai ap.tivovas not irpo6vp.oTfpov$.

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

'

ili.

Our want of cavalry

Is no disadvantage, rather a gain.

Ihe rivers are fordable near their sources?

Et 8e

TIS v\s.S>v

on

adv[j.l

rolf 8e 7roAep.iois TroAAot

on
ol

33

ov8y aAAo

ot fj.vptoi tTnrets

yap avbpes

eta-tv

elvlv ol TioiovvTfs o

Wets
ot

yiuv peit OVK

S'

/xev

fr/^iey

flcrlv

iimris Trdp-etortv, fv-

CTT'

pvpioi

rj

av yiyvr]Tai tv TCUS

ox^aros

dcr^aXea-repon

yap /cpejixatrai a^)' tTnrwy,

aAAa <at TO Kara-Treo-eu'
1

/ao'i'Of,

?;/jias

rcov 95

(j)0^ovfj.fvoi

8e

jy/.ietj

eTrt

eorrjKo're? TroAv la-^yporfpov naicronfv rous

Trpos-t'&xriy

cw

^ju.rv.

ol

uxoVa)

iTnrer?

Ti

f)vy>fiv a<T<a\(TTep6v ecrnv avro?s

^/xa*.

8^ TOV? TTOTO/XOVS yo/xi^ere eu>at aTro'povs, (TKt\l/a<r6(

/cat

TraWas yap TOV?

rovro.

aTTopot

iv.

As a

etcri,

irorajixoi'?,

et

/cat

77po-i'o'rres TTOOS ra?

last resource

we

can

settle

f;

TrpoVa)

too

r<3i/

77?jyas paStcos

ourselves in the king's

country'

Et 8e

^re

ol Trora/nol ye^Tjo-oyrai

re /xrjSets fyaveirai.

^/u,ri>,

ot re

Kat

yap

Mucrot

otKoSfrtv

ei> rrj

Tro'Aets.

oiJrco

ov Se^

aAAa

/3ao-iAe'a>?

jy/xas

C^^TJ,

Sta-/3aroi, ^yf/xcoy 105

adv^M

/3a<TiAea>s

X^P a Tro^^a? re Ka i

8e Kal T^mas,

ws

e/xotye 8o/cet,

cr/ceua^Ecr^at &>s ot/c^o'oi'Tas e^^dSe.

ot8a yap

8067 av iroAAovs ^ye/xoyas rots MIKTOIS,

ay 68ous avrots,

ye

ei

Kara-fxeVeti'.
TTJS

/cat

a/coiros

e8aijuoi>as

XP^ Kara-

on

^SacnAei/s

no

ort 770t7J<rtei'

e/c T^S
x^P a?> Ka '
av raSra, et twpa ^as Traparovro 8e /cat 8e'8ot/ca, /uuj

fiovXoivTo aTr-teWt

rpt$-d(r/jiei'09 erroiet

8ta TOUTO.

ot/ca8e

68oC, ecu> pdOtofjifv

rjv

dpyoi,

15

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

34

coxa

KOI pLOTfvttv fv afydoviq.

oiiv

tipaaOai. a^-LKi'dcrOai. ets

on

TOLS "EXA?j<rir,

'

v.

Above

r?)i>

/jot

Succuoy

upare yap

and

all let us observe the strictest discipline,

each other to maintain it.'

on

ot TroAf/^tot

(iri-

e-e<rri roiy

AoiTroy lorijuuu ctTTfiy o/rep KCU fo/X(^u etrai

120

etvcu

*EXXd8a, *ai

oi)

help

/xe
1

npoadei' ero'A/xTjaai

yap
avap\tq

/cat

arai'a.

5ei

apxpulvovs
Se

nj

\6yov

TO)

i<7a)s

/xe

TtpocrOev

tvTaKTOTfpovs eu'at

T7o\i>

aTretO?), 8e?}(rci TOJ; dci v/^aii'

avTov avv

130 oyj'

ovy TOV?

TWV

raj eTrt/ieXcoTepovs yeveaOai.

aXX'

ap^ovn.
ot

ya/>

?/5^

TroXe/iioi

apxovTMV, rovs 8e
fav
f/ Trpoodtv.

jnSi;

ey-Tuyxavovra KoXd^ei^
eon Vfpalvov TOV

a>/ja

airiKa irap-fcrovrai,

6Ya>

raOra 00x6?

Order of march.

The Greeks cross the Zab and are harassed

by Mitbridates.

TOUTOV

oj

aTra^rcs

eTropcvoiro
j',

av~fT(ii'av

TroiTjcrapiti-oi

TO?

vhafffWV (K T&V

lx oj;r$ T ^ V770^uyia xat Toy o^Xoi; ev /xeVw.

ju,f yyeiTO, bvo 8c roSv Trpffr/SuraTwy

'35

y^ v

OTTicai

aTpcm;-

eV-e/ifXouyTo TWV TrXeupaif cKaTepcur, s,fvo$>u>v

be

Kal Tijutaauoz/ &)7ri<T^o-</)uXaKOuy.

KaTa-/cauda^res 8e ras

a/Kias Kat ras

TOV Za-ndrav irora/io'v

Kai

rofo'ras

o-*CTjras

bi-((3i](rav

rovrou Mt0pi8aT7js ciri-c^a^rerai, ex^y

cai a</)ez'8on/Tas.

7Tt 8

yyis

iTrireas

KCU

eyeVero, oi /ley

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

CLVT&V (To(vov' ol S

A force

of cavalrv and slingers

'Ex TOVTOV

eTiTpcocncov rows 140

/cat

tcrfavbovwv

is

hastily organized.

u>ai roi/s TTO-

Sico/creou

eSo/cet 5,evo(f>>VTi.

SiwKOjres Se /car-eAd|u/3arot> oiibeva'

Ae/ztous'

rots "EAXrjo-ij;, ovre ol we^ot

TOV?

K(Li'a)i>

cv^a

Tre^byj.

TO)

emorajueVous

orparcv/xan

f-eXtavTO

TidAiy adv^ia 145

8?)

ITTTTOVS

is

ws

avrot? AUKIOS

a$-iK.QVTo

OVK

/cat

eiri

jrevrTjKoirra*

is

forced

eTici

o'
1

eroA/iTjo-ez;, o-^trSoj-'Si

roeueu>.

CTret

8e
/cat

c^s 150
IJT-

to retreat.

roy Tiypjjra TroTap.6v.

KOI Too'ra9.

cr0i;8oi ?;Ttts

TOUS eavrou

TC

'

Tusaphernes attacks the Greeks, but

e/>z-/3aAeu> /^ev

TOVTOVS

/car-eo-/cevacray

8ta*coo-iovs.

(TKvo<i>opovvTa i

7r-ecrTQ^(7

<cai

o-

PoStovs

o^cvfiovSv,

Mera raCra

8e

aXAouy, oinres IdAotCV rdrreo-^ai irpos

Ko.1

rouro TO Ipyor,
Imre'as

axowaiTes

ovre -yap

eSv^afTo xara-

6e rots or/aaTTjyois <cara-crKud^eii;

a>? rd)(t(TTa.

35

eyyi/j

fyevero, 155

8e Trap-^yyeiAe

8e 01 'Po'Stoi e(T(pevbovr)<Tav

ro^oVai ero'^ewcrar, 6 Tt<ro-a0ep t''? ? dir-e^wpet e^co

'''
<at TO AotTrof
/3eA<2r, /cat at aAAat rd^etj aTT-ex^P 7?
/cat

ot

"

r^s

f)fj.epas

f3dp(3apoi

ol

ov/ceri

ptv firopevovTo

ol

6'

et~oyro'

taivovro rows "EXArj^as*

(crfavbovtov /xa/cporepoy raJy Ofprroit;.

"EAAr/res (Ttopfvovro

Sid

roG

ireSt'ov,

ol

yap

/cat

ol 160

'Po'Stoi

T^ 8e vorepat'a ol
KOI

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

36

"Ev9a

165

Trovrjpa

yap

eon

TrAaunoy laoi

dr] TOIS into TroAe/xitof SicoKojua'ois' di'dy/o;

oTiAiras

TOI/S

/cat

e/c-0At/3ea0ai

Tropevecrdai

eay ra Ke'para TOV TrAatcriou (rvy-KVTTTp,

ovarj?,
1

on

oT'EAArjyes tyvu>aav

bi]

rais

a square.

in

Disadvantages of marching

earl

avayKt]

8id-(7^7/,

TO

aOai, Kal

dj'ayKa^oyTa)!;

ope'cov

17

Tooy

fjLfcrov

Tore

TOVS

ye^i/pas*
8'

wcrrc

ay rd xepara
8ta-o-7ra-

6\i(Bofj.evovs

Ktvov yiyvtaQai, nal

/ceparwi;

TOU? rawra -7rd<Txoyras aOvpfli',

17

oray

Z^ai, drctKTOus o/'ray.

70 8u<rxp/<JTovs

68ou

77

TroAejixicoi'

k-no^i'<av.

KOI

tcnrcwSf, (3ov\6(j.(i-o<i bia-ftijvai. irp&ros' Kal

'75 e/caoros

raC0a pqbiov

ijv

rots TroAf/xtots (m-Ti

Improved order of march.

ol

avrots,

aAAous

Kal

180 dp^as.

ovYft)

(Tvy-KVTtrot,

/cepara

/UT)

Kfpdrtav.

ourot

8e

ol

Tropeuo'/iffoi,

Ao^ayot

T<S

8ia

OTTOTC

-v-n-iptvov

Tore 8

aAAous
y^icy

Kf'para

cuore

vcrrtpov,

Tiap-riyov

ra

Ta

e(D0v T&V

8e ai TrAevpat rou TrAato-iow 8id-crxoifv,

dz'-f^-eTTi/UTrAaaav TO

fJLfpfi.

eTrotr/o-ay

cat

TievriiKovTijpas Kal

ei

8e

<cat

rovT(a

T(5

<o(TT

^e'tro^,

TO

/bieaov

dei

Se'oi

yttyvpav, OUK crapaTTOi'TO,

(V

raura,

eyi'tovav

df8pa9,

Tapdrrea-^ai*
OTT oVe

185 fK-ir\((av flvat.

r^

orparTjyot

(KCLTOV

>a

aAAd
rpoTiy

ol

(tiOptvdt}crai

TioAAas

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

37

the enemy occupy a mountain pass. The Greeks prepare to

dislodge them.

Mia

r&v

8e

ioy ri

ol

?;//ep<3v

/3dp/3apoi

avrrjs

v\lsr]\bv inrep

oSou, $ ol

TTJS

"EAAqres

(vravOa Sero^wp opcou rrjy KOpvipyv

TOV opovs ovcrav vTtfp TOV tavT&v orparev/xaroy, KOI OTJO
oSaay CTTI Toy Ao^oy, tv^a ol
iia.p-i.svai.

'

Ae'yei

(T0(/>e,

^/xiv

TW

"

ws rdxiora

lea^ai

effriy, a>

Kpariaroi;

Xeipiao'^xi)'

ro

TH

axpov'

roi/To Aa/3co/xey, ol vvrep T^S 68o{! TroAe'juioi

IMtveiv.

av

efc'Aco

8'

be, ei /3ovAci,

KOI

Tropevea^at."
TOUS

Tre/xTrei

7TtAe'(crovs

rw orpaTev/xan, eyw

Xetpioxxpo?,

taimo

Trap*

aAAov9

KOI

CTTI

/xeW

cay yap 195

ov 8uf?y(royrai

rpiaKOJious

tT

oiras

(rw-sW(T0ot l o$s aoo

avbpas.

Race for

the

summit.

01 SC'CTTI
f-rropevovTo ws ifivvavro ra^iora.
rou \6(pov TToAe/xioi, ws eVo'rjcray avrovs TropevojueVous CTTI
TO axpov, fvOvs Kal avrol u>pfj,r]o-av firl TO a/cpoy.
/cat

juey

TOIS

Kpav/i]

4avT(Sy, TroAA^

urwy
TOU
Tt

r\v

T>V 'EAA^cor
8e

Kpauy^

8ia-KeAei/op.e'i>a>i>.

ITTTTOU

T^y 'EAAaSa ajuiAAao-^e,

T<WI>

8ia- 205
ap,</>i

sfvo(f)Sn> 8e

Tiap-eKcAeweTo

rw

""At'8pcs,

t-Oy

TTpos TOUS TraiSay xai Tas

aiKas" fuy o\iyov iro^o-ayrej d/viaxet Tropevo-oVe&i T^y aio

n
ITTJJI;

68o'y.

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

38

grumbler

2coT7jpt8^s oe
crv

(crjj.fi''

/xei>

Ihe Greeks <win the summit.

silenced,

ns

yap GX

'

rot)

o>

laov,

Eero

5e j(aA

nnrov, eya>

*<j>

tapi'd) (ptpwv ri]V acnriba."

Kara-TT^Sf/cras OTTO

" QVK

eiTref

6 5e "Eevo<pu>u d*ovcras recur a,

ITTTTOV,

co^eirat roy 2o)rjjpi8?;j; CK

du>paKa rov iirTriKoV

cuore eTru^ero.

rots /xey (fj.TTpo(r6(v V7i-ayeir, rot's 5e

no

ol 5'

/cat

at Tra
oiricrdev Tiap-t4vai.

aAAot arpartwrat iTratoy feat eAoi8o'pouy rov ^wr?;e<rre TJ/'tiyKaaa^ avrov Kaftovra TTJV affiriba nopcui.

raJ

6 5e Hero(/)a)y ara-/3as, ecos

tTTTTw,

?)yfy

l-mrov

roz;

rov

7rt

to-7ri5e

rovs TroAe/^tous

serious dilemma.

'Evda

bi]

ioy,

TroAAr)

r<5 aK/>a>.

anopia

evOev 8e

soldier.

<rrpa0rres tyewyov,
6e

CTTCI

iivdev

yikv

ou 8ta-^3aro's.

230 rovrw drr/p rts'Po'Sto? 7r/)os-eA^a>i' (lircv

"

ol bk
ts

TO

yap

TJV

Kar-e'^aay

r}v.

Trora/jios

ryr,

ol

Proposal of a Rhodian

etxov ro anpov.

opt] i>T!fp-v\lfi]\a,

*at

CTTI

^o-ffifjLa

8e a/Sara

CTTCI

Tre^T/.

ytro'juei'oi

ol juey fidpfiapoi

fvravda

ra x^p' a

/xei>

ITTTIOU'

cv

*cat

'Eya) de\<a,

S)

avbpes, 8ia-/3i/3aVai v/^as Kara rrpaKts-x^iois oTrAtras,

iav

e/xot

TToptffrjTf

raCra

cDy

8eo'/xai,

rdAarrov p.iadov." epwrw^ieros oe oroy

e0;,

"

8ts-x l ^i'a) '/ 8eT/fro//af

35 atyas KOI /3ous,

e'xoi

T)V

\j)ijcrOf

&v ra

5ta^3aoii;.

Tiepi,

KOI

"

'Ao-KWf,"

opS> 5e TroAAa "npoftara Kat

8e'/)/xara (f)vo-r]d(vra

8er/<To^ai 5e

ra vTro^vyta'

cTrt-Swrc /ioi

Se'otro,

rourots

KOI

paStws av

rwy

^y^as

7ra/>-

beafj.>v,
roi/s

ots

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

Trpos

dy/cupats,
/cat

bi]<no

e7ri-/3aAa>

fKacrrov

op/xiVas

At0ots,

bvo

rot?

i'Ar/i'

avbpas'

They decide

to

dolors,

/cat

5e

fj

Kai

v'A?j

march over

ttvcu, TO b

rou

-norafj-ov TroAAoi

e?ri

yjjv

TTO?

vAi/. 240

TTJ

yap

KcoAvcroucri

yrj

f)

the mountains into Kurdistan.

Tois 8e orpOTJ/yois aKowatri rai;ra TO

\apUv

uxrirep

TOVS dcr/covs dp,(pOTepco0ei> rou TrorajMOU'

eTrt-^dzres ov /caTa-ouo-eo-fc-

TOVTOIS 8e
ot(Tfi

/cat

dAA;/Aovs,

39

epyoy

ddwaroV

rwy

tTTTrers

ei'^y^jua

[j.tv

yap ntpav
OVK ay eir-

i](rav

TroAe/xtajy, 01

245

rot's

tTptTTOv

'EA\T7<n TTOiety Tai;Ta.

Tots (rrpaTtiyois

avaynaiov

KapSou^ovs, KOI

eis

iJ.fyaA.rjv

eii'at

hTv0ev

Kal evbatjJjova,

T)/',

(TTpaTTjyors

T^S

TidpoSos 8e

avrov TOV

i-'v/CTOs

ov/c

-norafj-ov

e/^i-^aAe?y 8ta

TW^

'Ap/xei'iar,

?/s

"EvOa
s,d'0()><av

8e

aAAa Ta KapSov^coy

T]*.'*

Attacks

Xetpt'tTo^os
ftTreTO

|tzei>

ope'coi*

ev- 250

Trora/jtos TraiTdTrao-if

tvravOa

TTopevr6ai 5ia TW^ dpewy*

bij

ets

Opo'yT?;? ?/p^f.

c/cp///aro.

d<^-iKyoCyrai ajua r)

Order of march.

8ta Tai;Ta eSo'Kei

Ot-eA^eif

a^-iKovro <iv9a 6 /xey Ttypjjs

virep

/cat

?'/p-epa

from

j;yiTo

/cat

8o'/Ct

op?7

TOIS

Tropewo'/xerot

irpos TO opoy.

255

the Kurds.

TOU (TTpaTeup-aTos,

oTrivOcHpvXaKwv.

Kal

OVTW

irap-

a-^a 8^ ot /uep
tyevovro
Kap8oyxwi'.
/cat
Tas
ot/ctas,
e<pevyov CTTI Ta op/,
Kap5oi>xot e^-eAtTTOf
Ka
'
/cat
ot
8e "EAA?^es eAd/x- 260
7rat8as'
yu^ai/cas
eXi'7"fs
ets

Tas /cwp:as

flavov TroAAa e7rtT7/8eia

T<Sz>

e/c

TWV

Ku>p.u>i'.

eTret

8e ot TC-

AeuTaibi TW^ 'EAA?/z'a)i' Kar-fflaii'ov ets Tas /cw/zas, ToVe

5^ (Ti/A-AeyeVrcs rt^ey Toiy Kap8ovx a) y (ir-fTi0evTo

aiirols'

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

40

265

KGLI

aTT-fKTfLvdv rivets Koi aAAovs cTpcocrav.

fjifv

TT]v

iWKTd

tv rats KWJUCUS'

j]v\L(rdr]crav

Forced rapidity of march.

Kai
8e

pev rqv

TO.VTIJV

vartpaiq

nopevevdai.'

yiyvtrai
ov yap

Is there no other

ourcos

7//xe'pay

\(L[j.(t)V

Tjv

8e

BXe^roi'," ^T;,

ct7ro-fcpti/o'/*evo9,

is Tiavra eort a/3ara'

opqs, opQia'

KOI
TJ^

eiri

jut'a

eytyrero

s,tvo<pu>v

8e

7/y

fxey

ra

Trpo?

KOI

opr/,

eoriy

avrrj

6/xot'a

(\0(i)V

VTT-(}J.IVV' 6

"

*'

ot

Xf ipicro^os ovx

on o^x

avrov

iipbs TOV Xtipiaotyov Tjrtaro

rg

5'

avayK.OA.ov

aAA.' ?)ye raxecos, ojarf ^ iropcta

kvravOa

road?

luava ra eTTtnjSeta, Kat

v0o(pv\ai..

275 i5e

rfj J/jue'

Ttopev6i]<rav'

TioXvs,

270 TroAe'^ioi id^fpcos eTT-ert^eiro avror?. 6 8t

,

KOI

8e

a/jia

080?,

771*

ravTrj avOparnoi KaO-ijvTai TroAAot,

(.Kfiaaw ol

8' r/ye]uoVes,

6 8e Sfi'ocp&v

tlvai a\\rjv 68oy."

ovs exo/xey, ou
U 'AAA'

ttuzv

8vo avbpas, ovs eAa/3oy

280

r/pirr TT^S

68o!."

refractory prisoner.

Another road discovered,

Volunteer

party formed.
K.al

evOvs dyayo'fres rows avOpu>Ttovs riputTuv awroi/j

aAAr;^

6801;,

17

r^y fyavtpav.

6 /uey oSy

ct

erpo?

eiSeVai'
eTret. 8e
eAeyev ov8ey
6 8e AOITTOS
ToC
opwfTos
(Tfpov Kar-6(T0ayjj.
avrw
on
ov
on
ovros
eir/
Ovydrrjp
0atr; ei8eWt,
185 lAe^ey
e/cei (K-b(bofj.fVri Trap avbpi' airo? 8' l(/>r/ fiyfoevdai TW

aAAr/y

riva

cpcorco/iei/os

fay,

<pr]

8e et

CIT/

ctvai atipov

ri

cy

ft 8e

rr^
/XT)

68ai

8us-

-npo-Kara-

COINS WITH ZeC?

(AGRIGENTUM)

COINS WITH

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

dSiWroy

TOVTO,

cffeaOai.

ol orpaTJjyoi <7t>y-KaAeaayTes

dyr/p

Aoxayovs

ws

8etA?; 7/8;, ot

e^eAoyras -nopevfcrOai.
6l8odcrtV avrors.

cat

TO \u>piov, tav
TT)

us

etr?,

The

start.

/cat

Toy

VVKTO.

TO a/cpor, a/xa 8e

\a[3<t)(TL

TT)

?}j

Kat TOVS /xey a^co o^Tas

le'yat eirt

(pavfpav

K/3a<riv.

KaT-e')(oyTas

Kat v8a)/)

^ye//,o'ra irapa- 295

rrjv fjitv

TT)I;

(K-fiaiVOVTes, <ws 300

<rvfji-(3ori6r](reLV

e}((oy

efle'Aoi

8e orpar/jyoi fKfXfvov TOWS

8?jrraj/Tes

avv-TiOtVTai

o-aATTtyyf

rous TroAe/xi'ovs TOV?

8e,

ocms

Preconcerted arrangement.
/t>iev

rS>v re TreATacrrcSy 29

ayaOos, Kat ^Tro-

cat v<j[-oTai>rai 8?)

Kat ^y

fvravOa

7rap-eA0ety.

Kat T<5y oTrAtrwy, i7pwTcoy atiTovs ei

ay yeyeV$at

41

TroAv

f}y

He

ovpavov.

TOVS oincrdotyvkaKas r/yetro

77/30$

TTjy

tyavipav

68&), Kat OTTCOS ot

rov vovv ravrp

77ept-to'yT$ juaAtcrra Ad^otey awovs.

Night attacks.

The Greeks surprise a guard of the enemy.

Kj8a(rty, OTTO)? ot TroAe'jutot TTpos-fx.oi.ev

'Eire! 8e

ot

dmo-^o^AaKes

r](ray

CTTI

^apabpa,

r}y

T|)

305

e'8et

TTpoYepoy 8ta-/3r;yat, ToVe ol /Sap^apot eKvAtySovy At^ous

Kat juet^ovs Kat eAaYrov?, ot (pepo'jueyot Trpos Tas TreVpas
TrratoyTes 8t-eo-<pey8oycoyTo
TreAdo-at
A?7(reiy

TT)

etcro'8a>.

CTTCI

Kat TrayTaTraaty oi 8vyaToy

TOVS TroAe/itovs a77-to'yTe?, TOTC a-n-ij\6ov

ot

8e

7roAe'jw,tot

rovs

?jy

8e CTKOTOS eye'yeTO, Kat WOPTO 310

ovSey CTrava-ayTO
At^ous.

ot

8e

81'

CTTI

TO

oATjs TT^S

lx o ';TC?

rot>

(pvh.aK.as

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

42
315

T&V

TToAe/xtooi'

Kal TOWS

-nvp KaO-rjfjLfVovs'

d/jic/H

Kara-

fJLfV

KTfivavTfs, TOJJS Se naTa-biw^avrfs aiirol t^tvov tvravOa,

o)i

Kar-e^o^re? TO aKpov.

Aocpos
7^

ol

?}y

oz>

320 TOUS TroAe/xtovs,

0*1

7/y

e</)o5os

tK.aOi}VTo.

(^jJActKes

(udOtivro

CTTI

fyeVero,

?y/x,e'pa

CTTI

TOUS

crTey^ avrrf obbs,

?;

avrodev

(LteVrot

r/y

e(/>'

CTTI

(fravfpq 68(3.

T^

enemy are dislodged from

6e

aAAa

ol 8e ou Kar-eixo;-' avTo,

VTrep avTwy, Trap'

their Jirst position.

cTropevorro
/cat

TioAfjutous'

yap

O.VTOVS

325 [gyro

aAAa

tTTi

TOI/S

(ijfavoi

yap

ol

T/aay.

8e ovx e^e

ol

cu'0/>w7royj.

AtTrorTey T/y oooi'

!$evyW
5'

aync/H

TJ/S aaATriyyos, ev^i/s U'fTo arco

aAAoi oe Twy
330

O-T

Xeipunxjbov, aKovr
/caTa

partly S)v f-noptvovTo

T^y <bavtpav bbov.

KCLTO. dTpt/3eis

CKaaTOt tTvyjov ovTfs, Kal ava-fiavrts

d\Kov dAA?jAous TOW

8' aTT-t

oAtyot

<ws

0801)?,

fbvvavro av-

So'pacrt.

rots 7rpo-KaTa-Aa/3ou(H TO

second

and a

third eminence captured.

T)

OUT?)

66a),

335 e
TaJy TroAe/xtcor, xai 7rpo?-/3aAAou<n irpos TOV \6(poi>.

/3ap/3apot tro^tvov

aAAa

</>vyf/

eAet-nroi;

/cat

e/3aAAov, eyyv?

ro \<ap(oi'.

cATjAv^oVes TOVTOV TOV

Ao(/>or,

340 TtpOffOfV, KaT-tXOfJ.VOV VTiO

8'

ol 8e

ou Trpos-te^To,

Kal ol "EAA^ves, Trap-

opuxnv cTepov \6<pov

TWf TToAf/^tW* KCt

e/x-

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

oTro)

opfltcoraros'

fiapoi

In

alpovai KOI TOVTOV.

eVet Se ol

eAemw

Kai

djua^et'.

km

TOIS I'ecorarots av-tfiaivev

cr^ai )3pa8e'&>?.

on

Zfvo(f)>v

wv

fJ-ev

rovrw ayycAos

ey

JjA^c 345

r<5 Trpcorw Ao'0a) XtifyOtv-

TroAAot air-tdavov.

Final success

Treachery~of the Kurds.

tract concluded.

ol fidp-

TO OLKQOV, rovs be aAAovs

/cat

wy, KOI eAe^ev 009 ol

77^ iroAi;

Ao'</>os

"EAAqyes eyyvs tytvovro,

TOVTOV

res aii-rjh.dOrja'av, nai

8t rptVos

43

of the Greeks.
ol

by

rj\0ov

/3dp/3apot,

CTTI

Ivai'Tiov

TWO.

6 Hcyo0<Sy 8i-eAe'yero avTots Trepi <T7rov8wv,

ol 8' ec/>ao-ay a7ro-8a)(reiy CTTI 35

at aii-fiTti TOVS vtKpovs.

rovrw OJOTC

dStKC^ ras

;u^

er

renrra.

K TOI^TOI; TOU

/cara-/3atVetj; euro

TO'TTOJ;

xat eTre: ol

t'orarro*

Kai 6 Zfvo^otv o~vv-

K&jjixas*

5e 8t-eAeyoyro

rara,

(rur-T/A^o/'.

afj.<j)l

Tiai'res 01

et'Taw^a ol

Hevocpwyra ?/parro

rov \6(f>ov Trpos roi)s aAAov9, ItVro

8?j

TrA^et Kat 0opv/3(p. feat 7it eyeVoiro

TOV \6(f)ov d^)' ov Etvoc/xSi' KaT-e(3aivev,

ol TroAe/xiot
77oAA(j)
tTTi

T^S Kopvfyrjs

Trerpas'

Kat 4ro?

/jtey

Kar-e'a^ay ro

a/ceAos,

8e 6 VTrao-Trior^s

8e

irpos-e.bpaiJiev avraJ, *cai

oTrAi'rrj?

y lavrov

do-7rt'8a

aAAot (Tvv-^i^av rots

?/8r;

Rest in good quarters.

Trpo

a^olv e^wptc

/cai

ol

aw-

The Greeks reach the borders of

Armenia.
E/c

8e

TOWTOU Tray TO 'EAA7jj;tKoy 6/^ou eyeWro,

tv

TroAAats

KOI

KaAais

OIKUHS Kai

/cai

355

SELECTIONS

44

KOI

eTrmjSeuoi;'

yap euros woAvs

sZtvoty&v 8e

Koriarois.

FROM XENOPHON.

KCU

171',

bv tl\ov ev AOKKOIS

TO

Aa/3jVres

Xeipuroc^os

TOI> ?/ye/zoVa, KCU

eSyravro.

a>s

vo^.i^ofjifi'a,

roy Ke^TptTTji; Trora/xor, os

TWI;

Kap8ovx wi; X ^P av
(

TJ/V 'Ap/^efiav

6pi'

fvravda

8e

T^

varepata eTropevorro areu ijyfuovos' KOI a0-iKo/ieroi

37

TOWS

e~oh](rav TOIS ciTro-

*cai

av-fifavcravTo

CTTI

TT/V

ev

ry
'

OUTCOS d~-/jAA.a/^e'i'oi navratv rol

CHAPTER

V.

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

Xenopbon's dream.

Stoppage at the Centritet,

TT; 8' varepata 01 "EAXr/ves opSxriv

-Trepan roi; irora/noO

aurovs
fitVof?
5

Toy

8ia-/3atVeif
CTTI

^v

raty

rcSv

coy

6/

o^ai?

ava)

TOW

bvo~TtOpov

TTOTO.IJ.OV

iTTTrc'as

c^-wrrAioTuVou?,

iTnre'coy.

7rci

8e twpcov

ozTa, Tovj 8e Kap8ovj(ovs

ev TOIS 077X015, a>s CTri-KfiffO/xeVovs avrois

8^
TJ; t'iKri
i,

at/rai

10 toore Ai/0^rai

5e

on

opOpos

^i',

A.Tu'8as

TroAA^

T/I>

aOv[j.ia

Hci'o^wi; eiSev oi>ap'

(boav

8e

rots "EAArjcri.

8o^f

ei

WSat?

avro'/xarai avru) TTfpi-ppwjvai,

avroy KCU bia-Baivfiv OTTOV

/3ovAero.

eiret

Ipxerai wpos rov Xipt(ro</)oy, KCU Ae'yet

fl

"

ir

- l'

Ta

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

vrif

TO ovap.

8e ^f8ero, Kal
Kal rd lepd

IQvovro'

yf

yot ira/>-?;yyeAAoy
T(S

roidSe,

77

ol

y.

lepSiv ol oTpaTtjyol KOI

orpana

ZfVO(f)ti>VTI.

"

Ta^iora Tiavres

o>s

caAd

ford discovered.

Kal d^-iwres d~o T&V

TT]

45

blJO

Ao^a-

*cai

dpt-

VfaVltTKW TTf)0$-Tp(XOV

KOI

dpio-TOTroteio-^ai.

15

'Ervxo/^ey (rvA-Aeyoires typvyava, KOL

fv ra) Ttlpav TOU -jrora/jou yipovTa re

<cai
yuraiKas
ao
ey
OfiJ-tvovs SxJiTfp /zapcTtTTOvs ijuaTicoy
Titrpq av-

coSet.

iSo'yres

rov Trora/xoV

cos

8e evo/xt^b/xef do-^aAe? eu-at bta-jB^vai.

ravrrj

yap TOVS T>V

TroAe/itcoi' urTre'a?

OVK

TOVS

pe^at.

fxrjpovs*

xai 8ta-/3dfTes

Kai Aa/3o'ires 25

ra

The first detachment under Cbeirisophus crosses the river.

'A/cowras rai/ra 6 Eefo</>ooi> eenreySf, KOI eKcAeue TOVS

oT/jarioijras

evx co"^ ai T0 ^

v0us

orTreiVas 8'

^eo?s.

?jye

rois veai'WKOVs' napa. TOV Xeipi<ro^)oy 01 8e 8i-rjyo{5iTo

avra)

ravrd.
/cat

cTrotei.

(i^at,

8^

icat

rots orparjjyors

KOI bia-j3aivcLV TOV TioTayibv

(TTpa.Tfvp,a.Tos'

TO

aKovcras

Soc

8e

TouTtoi'.

TO 8e

vTTo^vyia

i>Ta0a

rj^icrv ITI

icai
8?)

TOJ;

o-TrovSds 30

Xeip/ao^os
XeiptVo^ov

juey ^yet-

\OVTO. TO T/fiiau TOU

vno-p,Vfi.v crvv Hero^wi/ri,

o^Aci;

fTiopevovTO'

Sia-(3aiveiv

tv

ol 8e vtavlaKOi

//eaa)

yyovvTo 35

Kal Xcipicro^os /xev

f\ovTfs TOV TfOTanbv tv apio-Tepq.
ol oa/v avTw* ol
TOV
xat
TTorajuov
TiputTov ev-efiaivcv eis
8e TroAe'/xtoi bp&VTes
icpaTOS Trpos ro opos.

awovs

8ia-/3aiVovras favyovcriv ava

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

46

The Carduchi advance

to

attack the rear.

AVKIOS 8e

40

(%<i)V

TreAraoras etTim'ro.

rajuo^ rovs

cm
8e

rows

tinre'as

Kat Atcr^^f/s fytov TOVS

Xetpurocpos 8e,

tTTTre'as

p.ei>

Xenophon prepare!

them.

to receive

eTret

rof

St-e'/Sr/

TTO-

OVK lotwKfV, (vOvs 8e f-f(3(uvfv

TOVS TroXe/xtovs TOU? ey rots aKpois reray/zeVous.

raSra

opaj^res

eK-AenroiKri ra

aTT-ex^P
xat

yap

et?

TO

<*>?

01

r()(tgTO irpos TO

w^

7/8/7

viJ^ 8ta-/3au>oi>

Kap8o{i)(oi cpavepol

TreSior,

Hefoc^cov 8e,

a/cpa.

45 eTret ecapa row? d/x0i Xet/no-ocjW Tttpav

ol

7/8r;

fi:i-dr]cr6pLfi'oi

rots

TfAeuratots.

/cat

Xetpt(ro0o? /xey Kar-e?xf r tt axpa, ATJKIOS 8e o-iy dAtyots

50 e7ri-8i(oas rows TroAejutovs eAa/3e ra vTro-AetTro'juefa r&iy
Kat juera rovrcoy ecr^r^ra re

(TKCvo(p6pu>v t

Kat

TTw/xara.

ez>

rovra) ra jue^ <TKvo(p6pa

KOI 6 o)(Aos 8t-e')Satve,

KapSo^ous

rwy KapBovx 0011

roi;

T&V 'E\\^ixav

Eevcxpatv 8e orpe\^as irpos

'

rois Ao'xovs, Kat leWt 77pos

ovpayois 8e eKeAeucre Kara-^rTjcrao-^ai

Trora/uoi;.

ol

oAtyous
wSds rtias a

8e
7/87;

KapSov^ot,

ws

cwpcoi;

-ycvo^vovs, darrov

Arrangements for the passage of the rear-guard.

60

'O 8e

roi/s

e^ero d^rta avrots ra oirXa, KOI Trap-TjyyetAe

55 rots Aoxayots 7rot7jo-aa-^ai

irpos

xat fK-

KaA^

Xetpt(TO(/)os

Tre'/xTiet

br)

roi/s

tn-

ruse.

Trapa tzfvocp&vra TOVS TreA-

raoras KOI (TfavSovrJTas K<U rofora?, Kat KeAevet avrois

6 8e stvoty&v
Trotcty o rt &v fKca-os Trap-ayye'AA?/.
avrovs 7/877 8ta-/3atVoyras, 7r^/x\^as ayyeAov KeAev
fxer^at

?rt

rou

7rora/Lto?3

KOI

/XT/

bia-fiafofiv

orav 8e oi

65 Trap' eavr<3 ap^covrat 8ta-/3ati/tz', rore f^-ftaCvav

a>s

8ta-

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

8e TOT; TioTa\j.ov
6"e

avrovs Kal

fTTfl

8e

ol

awls

-noXf/JLLOL

TO

TT/V

Ta^tf
ei>

7r/)wros

crfpevbovr)

ava-arptyfiav, KCU
TOW

8e

OTI

ovros

-navTas 7

e(caoro9 et^c

7y

etrotTO

craAmy/cr?)s

Tore

irora/iou,

bia-jBaLVfiv a>s Ta^tcrTa,

lAeye
TO)

f-iKVolro

\^o0(u, 6f.lv eis TOVS TroAejiuovs'

iroAejuiKov
/cat

rots

Trpo-fiaivciv.

/JTJ

Trap' eaimji Trap-T/yyaAey, e7rei8^

irpos

47

ocrrts

O/JKTTOS,

irepav y4voi.ro.

The ruse succeeds.

All cross

Ot 8e Kap5oi)xotj opwi/TCS
8?j

safely.

Aonrovs oXtyou?

roi/s

eTT-exetfTO ^pacrews

/cat

7/rj

rip\ovro atyev- 75

ot 8e "EAATjz'es Trata^tcrai/res u>pfj.i](rav

ot

8e OVK (beavTO.

ev

TOUTW

6 o-a\-

Kal ol fj^v TroAe/xioi Ufavyov iroXv ITI

OO.TTOV' ol 8e "EAAryyes ava-(TTpe\(/avTfs e</>euyoy 8ia ToO
TcSy 8e TroAe/uiajy ot /xey Ttves 80
cos Ta^iora.
ravra TtdXiv fbpajj.ov eirl TOV irorafJibv Kal rofv-

T&U 'EAA^ycoy

OVT(S

Irpoocrai;

avr&v

ert (pavepol tfcrav (pevyovres'

oAtyov?

ol

(/>ou

Tjporepov Tre/x^^efTes

uapa zevofp&VTa

TOI>

7roTa/i6j

17

Het'o(/jcoi>Tos

<rav VTIO

TrpocrajTe'po)

8t-e^3rjffay

eSet,

TraAtv

8e

ot

TroAAot

8e ^TTO Xftptao'TTpo-ijtcrav cts

Kat vcrrepov

r&v

juera 85

TOVT&V 8e

T>

Greeks enter Armenia.

Great fall of snow.

fTropfvOrjaav 8ta TTys 'Ap/uertas

8' ?/v TawTijs

Xffioav TrorajUoV.
7rapxos
^a^oj, os Kat fiaaiXcl ^)t'Aos eyeVeTO.
a"nti<ra(T0at TOIS

CTTI

Toy T?j-

T^9 x^P a ? TtptOVTOS elTrey

on

"EAArjov Kal ravra tSo^e Tots

90

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

48

orpa? qycus, KOI tcmtlaavTO. oTpaTOTreoevojueWi' 5' avTu>i>

(V T?) x V )(? y'^yv^.ro.1 rr)s VVKTOS \t<>>v TroXX?/, wore aTT(<

ra oVXa KOI TOVS avdpwirovs Kara-K^ip-fVovs'

KOI 7roXi/s ocro9 ^v
95 KCU ?/ x ^' cn;y-e7ro8io-e ra v-notyyia.
av-iffraaOai.' eTret 8e He^o^wv eroA/i7](r6v av-LaTaadai KOI
/cat

fKpv\l/t

v\a,

cr^i^iv

(KCLVOV

TO.

cwa-orapres

ra^a u^a-oras ns xat aXXos d^-cXoVfi'os

u\a
TOWTOU KOI 01 aXXoi
fK
(T)(l(V.
TrS

March

Mera raCra

continued.

eSoxei Sia-crKr/j/fJo-ai ets ore'yas Kara ras

ol crrpartaiTai (rly

8r)

ras areyas KOI ra

rwKra.

rof

T^

8'

avrov

eTroptvovro 8ia
xat

TTora/xoi',

ov

eXtyotro

fjfjiepav

oXrjv

KOI

no

OTI

etTre

8e ris

Trpocrw

(^ayorres

aKovcras ravra

ri

8e

eiri

8^

evrei^^cy

Se

raw

TroXXoi

cai

errt
T?/J;

al

awrov*

elzxu.

o rt TO

7/yyo'ei

art ol avQpw-noi. fiov\i[J.iev,

dya-or^a-otfro.

Ticpi-i]t<.

fifaav

x t(>ros TroXX^j

^'o^os,

Hero^wy

avrw

jfiovfj

8i-e'/3ati>oj>

8ta

/3ovXtfitairav.
t?j.

TroXX^

Kai evravOa 8i-rjyayoi>

e7riT?;8eta'

wrepcua

E,v<ppa.Tr)v

105 TTTjyai

Effects of long fasting.

-nepl TO.

8e

"Eevo^wv

VTro^vyia, KOI ei TTOU TI

rois

They reach an Armenian village, but some are

left

behind.

cai

115 Ko'pas

vbpofpopovffas

e/w/xaros.
(pp.r)i<vs

aur.ai
e^Tre

irpos

iJpcoTcoy

Tt^

Kp?']Vfl

avrou?

Repo-ior! ort iropfvoivro

TOV

epTrpoffOev

rtVes

fief.

Trapa

8^

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

TOV

rrpos

at

o-arpd-TT/jy.

d^e

r]y,

(TTpaTL&TUtv
8e

ort

air-eicpivavTO

ot

OVK

etrj

firet

8e,

a7r-e')(0t
Trapaadyyrjy.
120
a-wy-ets-ep^o^rat Trpos roy K.w^.ap\r]v ets ro epv/xa

(ruy rais vfipo'popois.

r&v

8e

oaov

fvravOa, a\\'

49

fvravOa

(bvvr]0ri(Ta.v,

dAAcoy

ot

d^w

Kat

fc

d0-iKfeta^at

Siwd/zeyoi

JUT)

fi>VKTepev(rav datrot

KOI oaot rcov

ow,

Xetptcro^os /xey

Kai eyrai

Trypo's'

raiy aTpartcoraJy aTT-wAoiro.

'

25

Sufferings in the snow.

Kat

8e

'EAenroi>ro

{TTTO

d(j)da\}j.OLS

ot

ru'es,

/^f bi-ttpOapplvot rovs

TOV \|/v^ous.

8e rots

?jy

eniKOupiip.a rrjy ^LOVOS, et TIS /xt'Aay rt

(Jitv

Ix* ^

Trpo TU>I> d(p0a\iJ.<i)i> Tropevotro, rots 8e iroa-iy, el rts Ktvorro 130

/cat

/i?]8e77OTe e^ot

/xara rr)y rv/cra.

riwyJLav, Kat
t

ets-ewoi>ro
'

^Tro-Avotro ra ^TroSr;-

rous

ets

TroSas,

Kat TO

inrobrJuaTa

ra dp^ata V7ro8^juara eTTKap/3artVas c/c rwy fco8apTajv 135

Kat yap, C7rei8r)

airois,

&<r

et

8e rt^es fKOip.S>vTo vTro-bebe^vot, ol

e?Totrjcray

j/r^ refuse to proceed.

The enemy follow

in pursuit, but

are put to flight.

Ata raura ovv

rt

Vaf

yupiov etKa^by

Kat ercr?;Ket 8ta

OepfjLTjv

8e

crrpartwrcSz;' KOI

rTJy x.'oi'a

TWO.

Kprfvrjv,

(vravda ovv

rj.

T&V

vTT-eAetTro^ro rives

"Efvoty&v

avrodi rerrjfj

-n^rjaiov r/v

eKadrjvTO,

ebeiro

Kal

avr&v

OVK 140
p.rj

Aeycoy ort TroAAoi TroAejutot eTroiyro* re'Aos

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

50
be

KOI

toiei.'

fK\evov

Se

e-ofteVous iroA.tyiiov?, t-a>s

roi>$

(po/3?}(rat

rots

nal

na[j.i'ovcn.

-araorarre?

150 aa-TTi'Saj

fjv

CTKOTOS

fj.(v

Zvda

7Tpos-j](Tav roAAai Oopvftto.

7?o\([j.toi.

ov yap

KTfii'civ'

fvravda to"oe Kparicnov

bvracrdai 7ropei>0j/rai.

fyaaav
145 eu-at

ol

fyaXfTraivcv.

di'a-KpayoVrcs ocrov
TO So'para.
ol Se

J/5/;,

eir-

01

8e

6?; 01 OTTKT^O-

TOVS T7oAe/itovs' ol 8e

(bpa.fj.ov ets

77/)os

/xi)

8yratTO, Unpovvav ras

77oAe'/iiot

SeiVaiTe? 7/ai'

'

Kara

eauroi/s

TJ/f

x to ros

^s

Tn v

vditiji',

nal

ovSets

trt

All Jind

Cbeirisopbus conducts the sick to the villages.

quarters.

Kat Hero<pa>y

155 roi/s

vaTa.Tovs

Xipt(To0os 8e
TTWJ ol

eiceAeuev

out'Ceti'

KOI

7/or

eis

firopfvovro'

aur<j>

avroi/5

drayfcd^ti'

rifds

TtffjLTTfi

rtAeurauK looter,

160 T]v\ifTO.

avv

\ikv /cat ol

e/c

ol 8c

KW/IJJS

TJJ?

rrj

Trpo-icVai,

(rut^oiitvovi

wap-&<xrap

/ucy roi/roty

TO orpaTo'ircSor' avTot 8c

eTTt
r;j

KOI Xeipi(ro</)os ficy avrou e/xcrey, ol 5e uAAoi

arpaTrjyol

8i-e'Aaxoi>

dA\7/Aois

ray

KW/IUJ,

c)(oyTf5 row? cairraJv arfipas.

Armenian

bouses.

Barley-<wine and

'Ev bf Tai/rats rats

/cco/iatj

manner of drinking.

at oixtat

r/o-ai;

Kard-yeioi,

Xovffai TO fiev ord/ia axrirfp <^pearos, xdra) 8e cvptlai'

165 Kat TOIS /icy vjrovyi'oi5 at tiaoooi dpvxrai 7/o-av, ol 8
i

Kar-tfiaivov

atyes, oiey,

firl

/3o'cs,

icAifiaro?.

opi'idfs,

KCU

^y 8^ rats oiKiats

ra (icyova

TOVTW

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

ra

fi>

ma eov

KTi]vr]

TTiipot /cat

epecpeTO X 1

cai

ff Q-V

Kptdal Kai ocnrpta KOI otros KpiOwos fv KpaTrjp(ni>'

ots /cat airat at ttpiQai (V-ijaav.

Kai KaAa/u.ot Iv-tRflVTQ

TOVTOUS 8e \

aurors, ol juev fjLfi^ovS) ol 8e fXarrovs*

ets TO trTOfj.a

rts

51

fj.v^ov} Kai o

Arrival at

'EvTavOa

CTTCI

iJScop'

7ri-)(eoi

the

8e TIS

Phash.

f-fjLeivav

piiO^(Tav Ttapa TOV

olvos

navv UKparos,

?]v

avra),

avv-fdicrOeir)

Ihe enemy occupy the heights.

iroAAas* fiera 8e TOUTO CTTO- 175

?;/^/?as
( )
I acrii'

cm

Trora/^oy.

TreStoy virepftoXT] uTT-rjvTriaav avroT?

Kai tycunavoL

ct

8e

rrj

TO

eis

xat Taoj(oi

XaAv^es

8t, CTTCI Kar-et8e TOVS iroAe-

XetptVo^os

em TT; vnpj3o\f}, (irava-aTo Tropeuo/nei-os* Kat <rvy" Oi 180

Ka\tcras TOI/S rrrparriyovs Kai Xoxayoiis eAe^e^ w8e'

pitovs

/xey -TToAe/xtoi,

opous'

ws opare, KaT-e'xou<n Tas v^ep/SoAas TOU

cp.ot juey

ouy Soxel Trap-ayyerAat p.er TO!S arpa-

Tiwrais dptoro>Toiero-^at,
fj.(poi>

8e

r/p.aj

8e

flovXtvfcrdai

ctre avpiov 8oKe? vir(p-(3d\\iv TO opos."

ye,"

6 KAetircop,

e<p?j

rous a^8pas.

ei

yap

"

?/p.as opwvres iroAe'/xtoi

aAAot TrAetous TOUTWJ;

MeTa
ywocr/ca>.

Z,rf

Toi^TOi;

ws

u'^ry

Hevo^xSj;

ct /xey dyayjcij

ff/ceuao-ao-flai,

\6fJLfOa

KJ j/ra/

OTTCOS

p'aora

a)?

TT;-

"
'E/iot
te'vai

TaxiTTa

&ta-rptyojuKl> T?ji;8e TTJV

TC rCv

'

8o/cet

fire

ewt 185

i)[j.epai>,

01

Hvovrai ^appaAecoTepoi, Kat

o-v^r //>f mountain.'

etTrey

"

'Eyw

8e

OVTCO

yt-

eori fj-dxeaOai, Set Toi)ro irapa- 190

ws KpaTurra ^a\ov^6a'
VTrep-^aAAeiv

TO

opoy,

ft

8e /3ou-

TOUTO

Set

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

,52

ovv KpeiTTov

TIO\V

boKel

P.OL

opovs Aa0oWay,

'95 (pr/fJiov

TTfipcuTOai.

Kal avbpas TTap-f<TKevacr[j.6i>ov$.

VQ.TQV

8oKi

fjioi,

elvai,

evret

KAo/rat

TOV

npbs to^vpa x&)pi'a

K\e\l/ai 5e OVK abv-

fj.d^fffOai.

rj

/cat

i^uv Uvai VVKTOS,

l^-eorti'

upatrOai. V

/JIT;

Mutual banter between Cheirisopbus and Xenophon.

"

'Ara/3 rt eya>

200 eycoyf yap,

ev^i;?

tv

dAAa KaAoy
ws Kpartora

oaa

/cAe'7rreu>

v6y.o<$

eTrt-Set^arr^at

KKlvrovris
u 'AAAa

TL

*cat

juaort-

copa

orl

aot

(cat

6 Xa/)uro(/K>?,

"

/cat

"

'Eyw
Toi/5

8e

Totnv"

/^iey

Volunteert for the work.

"Ewoty&v,

"
erotjuo'y

ei/^ti,

oTTt(r^o0vAaKas, icVat /cara-Ajj^o/jiei'os TO opos.

Kal

?;yep;ovas*

opos OVK a/3aroV eort.

fMtvelv,

I0ry

eyw

8/j/xo-

TTi-be{KVU(rOai ri]v iraibfiav."

'The enemy must be dislodged.

JIG

jj.^

Aa-

TrATjyas

u/xas rovs 'A^^atous 8eivoi>s etyat (cAeTrreiy ra

ware

(rot

(f)V\aa<jOat

TOV opovs, OTTWS

fj-furoi.," tyri

<ria'

KcoAvei.

v/^

ouy Katpo?

fi;y

TratSetay,

rr/v

/x?/

toriy

/cAeTTTTjrf, yo'jixi/xof

eav A^^^f/rc KAeTrrovrfj.

K\OTTT]S

TTfpl

OVK altr^pov tlvai

TratScoy /jteAcrai' /cAeTrret^ <cat

/c

i>fuv}

205 eorty

Aoyovs

a-v/A-/3aAAo/xat

Xe(ptTO(/)e, OKOVCO v/xas rovs Aa/ce5at//ojn'ois

a>

7T6t8av

ificoo-u;

rovrwv

8e

Tivi'ddvofUU

on

TO

l\Tr(a) be TOVS TroAe^iovs ovjceri

^juas

eiri

rwy aKpcov ouS^ yap

i>ui>

215 tO(\ov<n KaTa-fiaCvftv els TO laov f)iuv." 6 be

" Kat r 8ei ere leVat *cat AtTreiV
rryy
;

dAAa TTf^ov aAAous, eay

t."

vvdiiiJia,

TroAAd.

rtyes

CK TOVTOV eOfXovTcu efyatvovro iioXXoL'

OTTOTC

H\OKV

TO.

K.O!

aKpa, Ttvpa KO.UIV

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

Greeks gain the heights.

53

Comfortable quarters.

eyerero, o

5e

fintpq Xeipicro(/>os /^a>

Tfl

aAAoi di>-eTraiWro.

ol 8e

Kal Kar-eXafiov TO opos'

KaTa-\a/36i'Tts TO

opos

ovrot (TviJi-fjuyvvacn

/ue'pet

7/ye

Trji

aicpa.

raiy 7roXe/xi&)^, KOI 01

ei>

ajua

68oy, ol

Kara Ta

eir-ifievav

avroi/s.
e/c

Kara

8e
*cal

"EAX^^es

335

rovru) ol p,tv TreATaarai

TOU ire8tou Trpos TOU? 7ra/)a-rTay-

aw

6e e(/)-ei7rTO

rois OTrAtrats, 01 5e

kwpmv rovrovs

oy, e7ret8r;

j/rrca/xeVovs,

01
,

5e 'EAA]i>e5, Qixravrt.*

Kar-f^rjcrav naKiv
/^cecrras

ets

TO

KOA.

aTi](ra^voi Tpo- 230

TifSiof,

Kat

i\\dov

ets

&

TroAAwy

Mountain fortresses of

the Taochi.

cs
r?)8eta
is

ol

eTT-e'AtTTfi'*

yap Taoxoi &KOVV yu>pia

a dy-eKo/xiVairo Tiavra ra
jupiov

Tt,

^v

(j>

e7rtr?y5eta.

iroAAa, XetpiVo^os Ae'yet

ro \u>piov alpereoy eorti'

ra

e7TiT?/8eta, et

/m^

ciret

8e a<p-iKovTO 235

xat ar5pes ^<rai; Kat yui>auces

TT)

57/^1^*

\r;\|/o'//^a

>cat

" Touro

rw Hero^w^n'

yap orparta OVK eart

TO \<optov.

fvravda

brj

Kal TOV
;,

TrapoSoj,

^y opas' oTay 5e TIS TretpaTai TavTp

ol iroAe/xtot
cat

Hero^wiros epcoTw^Tos Tt KcoAvoi 240

"
6 XapiVo(oj eiTiey
AVTIJ /ut'a ear!

/cuAii/SoOo-i

crvv-Tptpovoi Kal

Twr."

At^ovs VTrep TOUTT/?

(TKeArj

Kai

irAeupas

-nap-itvai,

T?Js

TcSy

TreVpas,

orpaTice245

SELECTIONS

54

FROM XEN OP HON.

Preparations for storming the fort.

"

" TO
yjapiov, 6 8ei r/juas
&)(tbbv rpia T/jouVAeflpd tori' TOVTOV 8e oaov
8aav eari TiLrvvi //eyciAai?, v<f> als lorrjjcores

'AAAa/'

f(pi]

ay

8ej>

6 Eez>o<<Sz>,

7rdcrxoiez> VTTO

350 TO 8e AoiTroy -^capiov yiyvtrai

orav

bpa.iJ.elit,

KV\ivbovjj,fi'(t)V \i6u>v.

ij^Lir^fOpov, 6 5ei Ttapa-

ol TroAe'^iot A7/y(oo^t /3aAAoi>Tes

ouy fVTavOa,

ov

T>V

a>s

<-v0ei> 8e^o-

55 /xa^os Aoxayo's'

Stratagem of Callimachus.

"Evda

Hefo^wy

Kat

KaAAt-

KOI /ICTO TOVTO avdputTToi air-f]\0ov

bcvbpa w? fj38o^>coirra, ov

TO.

ita.pa-bpaiJ.tlv

pabiov ecTTai aTr-eA^eu', ear /3ouAw;u^a."

TI, fcal

ciropevovTo Xetpt(TO</)os Kat

2

?;ju?j;

TOWS At^ou?.

aOpoot,

dAAa

The fort taken.

imo

Ka^'

t'a,

dreadful scene.

KaXAi/zaxos fii}X<waroi u. Trpo-erpf^f bvo rj

rpia /3///xaTa aTro TOU bevbpov, v</>' a> OVTOS ^v' e7rei87j 8e
8r)

260 ot Ai^oi <pepoiVTO, av-fx<api cvTreTws"

CTTCI

8e TTpo-bpdp.oi,

Sexa a/ia^ai TtfTp&v (Kaarorf av-ri\icrKOvro.

8e 'Ayacrtaj, 8et<ras JU,T) ov TTp&ros avrbs Ttapa-bpa\j.oi
TrAeoy

r)

TO \topiov, 6pp.a.Tai
traipovs.

fj.6vos,

o
cis

Kai Trap-fp\CTai "navras TOVS

6 8e KaAAt/jiaxos, opwy auTor 7ra/)-ioVra, 7riey 8e TOVTO) 'ApioTtoWfzos

265 Aa///3afTai avrou TT/S ITUOS'

TOVTOV Evpv\oxos'
nal
fvravOa 8^ Seivoy T/V deapa.
al yap yuyaues tppmrov TO, re waiSia Kai cauTas KOTO
napa-Tpiyjti

KOI

avrovs,

fj.era

ovT(as alpovffi TO yj&piov.

Twy

itfTp&v,

270 Aoxayo's
ov,

TIS

Kal
lbd>v

o-ToAy/v

ol

avbpes (TToCovv

nva

rS>v

TOVTO..

TroAe/xtwy

IvQa.

8?)

naTa-pptyovra

f^ovra KoA;r, eTK-Aa/u/Sa^erai avT^j*

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

55

fTn-airarai TOV Xo^ayov' Kal d/ixcpoYepoi co^orro Kara

TMV
fjifi'

ii(TpS>i> (pfpop.fi'oi,

ndvv oAtyoi

evrevdev avQpowoi

Kal aTt-eOavov.

8e Kai ovoi TroAAoi Kai

tXr\fydi](Tav, /So'es

a.

375

Arrival at Gymntas.
zv9r)(rav
erri

exei'i'os elTrey

o^ey o\\roivro

7if{j.~fi

ort

atu

Kal

6 8e

acp

Trpos
Tro'Af cos

T?}S

e\0tav

EIAX^criv*

yjupiov 280

i](j,fpS>v ets

KOI

avrois'

rjyelTO

dc/>-

ofo/xa 8e r<5 opei

eyeVorro ewi TOV opovs

Trpwroi

tfaAarrav,

rrjy

TavrTys

T/ye/xoVa rois

TI) Tre/xTTTTj rji^fpa'

8e ol

eirei

0?/)(f/?.

Kai Kar-eI8oy

e/c

avroi/s TreWe

OaXa.TT<3.v.

tKi'ouvrai eTTt ro tTpos

8e

sen, the sea!'

Xa\v/3a)/',

eKaAeiro Ff/xz/ta?.

?'}

o rjjs ^copas ap^(ai>

?]y

8ta

"Apiraaov -nora^ov' evrtvOtv 8e i]\6ov

//yaAr;t',

8e

'The

Kpavyrj

-noXXr]

cyeVcro.

"Ed'cxp&v Kal ol oTrtcr^o^vAaKes aKOvcraires wr/OrifTav 285

a6ai.
,

rois

ol

ava-@as

^eu
"

Joy
br)

TjAaworro.

fvravOa 8^

Kai

CTT-tbVres

8?)

rd^a

aKOvofo't

^aAarra,"

/^e Greets.

8e /3o?/

Spo'/ixw

juei^of

dya-Aa/3a)f rows

/cat

8?/

e7rc(8f/

e^eoy

TW Eero0<3iTi

e<p' iTTTroy

^dAarra,

o/"

e/XTrpocr^ey.

det

(3oG>i>Tas, eSoVet

rois del

"EvOa

xat

Kai

rwy

8e

Trdyres

7repi-e'/3aAAoz;

vs SaKpvofTes*

Kai

rt

iTTTre'a?

orpartcoTaiy 290

Trapa-KeAevojueVcoi;

guide <weH rewarded.

-navrfs Zdeov, Kal ra vtio^uyia KOI 01

7rei

ewl

a<p-iKovTo

CTTI

TO

ITTTTOI

aKpov,

dAA^Aous Kai aTpaTrjyovs Kai 295

ew^us ol ffTpariwTai ^epouai

Kai TTOIOWI KoAcoror /u,eyay.

/^CTa

TaCra

ol

"EAA?;-

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

56
Kal (f>id\r]v

dpyvpav Kal

300 6 8e 8eias avror$

07cevi)i>

rjv TiopevaoivTo fts Md/cpcoyas,

Colchians bar the ivciy.

HepaiKrjv Kal xp?;//ara'

e8ei

Kcop.qi', oil

TT

w^ero

pithy address to the soldiers.

ol "EAX?;i'es eTiopevoiTo

35

6ta

MaKpvvW

8e

McLKpwvts Ttap-riyayov avrovs ev Tpunv

TO.

K.6\\<t>v opia.

(.vravOa

r\v

opo<s

CTTI

"

ncorat?'
///jias

TO

fj.1)

TO

TOI/S

OTTO TOV

evwwuov

y'lbi]

dp^tovs

Ao'^oi

rots

8etoG eAeye

8e

rots crrpa-

Tt

etrTrey

/cat w/xoi/s-

e^ rais x&)/>cus,

cai

7ra/)-j;yyeiAay

evdfj.evoi 5e KCU Tiaiavifravrfs (vo-

ol 8e TroAe'juiot,

8e

5oe

Hero^wr

?.

TOUS Ao^ovs, ol orpaTT/yoi

rots Otols.

ol

TOVTOV

Effects of poisonous honey.

cyeorro

Zfavyov.

(U'at, er^a TraAcu

Rout of the enemy.

CTTI

eTretra 8e

"Avbpfs, ouroc ovs oparc /uoVot

eay mos ovvtop-eOa, 5ei

315 pfvovro.

ptya, Kal

0aAayya

opOlovs

TrotTJcrai

dir-twy

oi
f-nl

7//bte'pais

Kal TO ^fv irp&rov ol

ot Ko'A)( ot Trapa-rerayjueVot rjvai'.

ap-tra^ai'To

310

Kal TIJV obov

crK.rjvf'iv,

ws

ciSoi'

avrovs Spo/xw Oeovras,

"EAA^res virep-fldvTes TO opos earpaToTroAAais KCU /xeorai?

iroAAa

7/y

Kr/picav,

avro'^i'

tTH.Trjbfi<ar.

Kat ocrot rG>v (TTpaTitoTwv

TrdfTcs tyiyvovro a^pore?, xai ow8ets

320 e'8v^aTo to-Tarr^ai opdos.

o{/rw 8e TroAAot

*cat

iroAAry TJV adv^ia'

yeyeznj/xeVrj?,

Trj

/^er atr-tOavc, d/x(pt 8e TT/V avT//f a>paf av-e(f>p6vovv'

Tpinj 8e xai TtTdpTy

T//W.CP?

av-iaravTo, uxrirtp <pdp/xacoj;

TRAPEZttS AND SI NOPE.

VI.

Arrival at Trapezus.
6e

'EAA?7/n8a ey

ApaKoVrtoy

ets

^Traprcar/jj;

Ka^-torai'at

roy aywra,

a)

i(Tr?/Ke(Tay,

Ataros eorat rw dywrt.

TtaXaUiv
"

"

FIcos

vroAAot
17

rwi'

Oro>s
oSi',"

KaA- 330

6 Ad(^o?
"

tc/jafraf,

5ur?j-

V \(opa oi'rco crKATypa Kat bacreiq ;"

'O Kara-7T(r&)y /uaAAov

^,

"

etTref

ri di-'tao-erat."

cuxjuaAcdrajy

t^i/Koi'ra

tQtov

e^eoy 8e Kai

TJV

KOI

wvyp,^

KCU e8et avrovs

tTTTrof

crairas Kara TOU Ao'^ov ava-arptyai. (V

^r^

6 8e

KCU TratSe?

Kp?JTe?

Tjywyt^bi'ro,

TraAr/ 8e

feat

6 8e 8ei^a? TOP

aiirbv 8et^at OTTOV 8t'ot rpe'xetf.

TpaTre^owra, 325

Ko'A^

rw opt,

yv^VLK.ov fv

ciy<3i'a

5e

TT/

Festival games.

Ba^arrav

eiu

ij\0ov

57

8e

Kat 335

eAa-

OaXdrrrf KOL

~a\iv avut f\0iv Trpos Toy /3oj/xdr.

/cat ot p.ey 7ioA\oi
eKvAtySoOyro Karw, ol 8e LTTKOI jixo'Ats enopevovTo Trpos TO

cv6a TroAA^

opQiov'

jcpawy?)

Kat ye'Acos Kat TrapaKt'Aeuats 340

CHAPTER
TRAPEZUS AND

VI.
Si NOPE.

TAf Greeks vote for going home by sea.

Byzantium for

MeTa
*

Cheirisophus goes to

ships.

TaiiTa ot"EAATjres (fiovXevovro nepl TTJS

'

KOI

SELECTIONS

58
'

"Eycoye,
Kal (pfpwv
5 CTret
T?]?

FROM XENOPHON.

avbpes, a-no-KafjiVd) r/5q fiabifav KCU rpi

oo

TO.

oVAa

KOI (pv\aTT<av 0uAa/cas

8e vvv f\ojj.fi> daXarrav,

Aeyoi,

aKowarres raCra

avbpts,

'Ara^toy

ijcrOrjrrav

ev

av-edopvfirjfrav

"

wc*

eTretra 5

4>tAo?

\6u>."

eyw

re

aKovcravrfs raura 01

(^(pivavTo avrbv

/cat

TrAety

ws

Attack on a fortress of the Drilae.

Foraging.

5e av-fyfvov rbv XetptVo^o^, ot "EAAr/^e? e^-

<j>

AetW*

CTTI

bufTtcoi;,

A/)tAas, ro 8e
8oy.

ol

ws

ei>

ear' af

'Ey

Xonrov

'EAAaSa."

Traires 01 irap-o^res eAtyof ravra.

(cat

Xi/it(ro(/)os dw-OTJ] KOI eiTrey

15

7rAeu> TO

TTopcias, Kal oiirco? d(/)-t/cecr^ai ets T?/V

5e crrparuorat

10

e77t-$i;//,<3

/cat //a^ojuei'os

f^-7Jye
TJ'jutrru

ro

8e,

Kar-e'AiTre <|)uAarrety

e?ret 8c ot "EAA?7j;es

20 f/J-TTLirpavTcs

Aa/3wy ^yt/ixovas TOW

rj^iav TOV frrparev/xaros ets

Sero^wf

^(ray e^

TToAAa Twy %u>pMV

fjLrjTpoTToXis

avrStv'

ets

rr]

az'a>

TO or/mTo'Tre-

\(opa, ol ApiAat

aTT-ytcrav.

TOVTO

$v

Tra^Tes

Se

7/y

<rvv-fp-

TOVTO ^y yjapabpa Ivyvptos fiadfla, Kal

ot 5e TreATaorai 5taTTpocroboi )(aAc7rat TT/JOS TO \u>piov.
fidi'TCs
Ti]V \apdbpav
Trpoj-e^aAAoy irpos TO yjupiov'
.

-nepl 8e

25 TroAAot 5e xat bopv(f>dpoi avv-fiirovTo avTots, (So-T

awkward

predicament.

Xenophon

ol 8ta-

to the rescue

Aa/3eif TO

TRAPEZUS AND

VI.

irpbs

TT)I>

airos 5e 8ta-/3as
KOI TOVS

KevcHp&vra'

59

8e ?/yeiro TOIS

irpos-ayayur TOVS ojrAiYas 30

xapaSpay, eWAeutrer avrovs dtaQai ra oVAa'
KOI

Trpos

SI NOPE.

fj.fi>

Eeyo(p<Sy,

o-vz;

TOIS Aoxayois ecrKOTmro ro ^(apiov.

eTre/^Tre TraAtf, OTTCOS

Aoxayous

8ia-/3i/3acmay

rouj OTrAtras' avros 5e e/xevty at-a-)(wpta-as awa^ras TOVS

TreAraaras, KCU

ov/c

eta auroyy aKpo(3o\Cf(T9ai.

ot oTrAtrat ^KOIJ, eKe'Aeucrei'

Vigorous assault.

Kat

ol

Temporary repulse of

faoiavv raura'

fj.lv

uWt

rous TreAracrras

6 8e

Sc^o^w

Si-^yxvAco/xeyous, Kat TOUJ

em

teWi eTn-^e/SA^/zeVous

Trap-eo-xevaoTo,

oTrAtrai

rai? vevpcur eKe'Aeucre 8e KOI 40

TWJ;

Ao'y^at,

crravp(afj.ara nal

TV

/3eAwy 01

ras Tvpo-eis*

KaTa-^e'^efOt Ta

ot Kai

OTrAa,

ey

8e

Trwp irpos-efpepov.

f\nrov

5e
ol

6/zoS

/ye'A?/

TrAetaToi

iroAe'/xioi

COO-TC

TO.

e/c

VTIO 45

re

'Ayao-tas Kat <f>iAo'feros,

1' 1

x1

Ta

Kal

o-(pef8o'j;at,

eTrel

e(/>#e'yaTO,

o-aA7riy

17

To^ev/xaTa,

xeipwv XiQov ycrav 8e

TOV TrA^ovs

8e

*cat

e^eoy Spo'^w'

Traiafio-avTes

e<pe'peTO,

TrotTjcrai

the enemy.

TOVS yv^vrJTas ^X lv Tas ^i-^fpas pteo-Tas XiQ&v.

navra

5e 35

CTTCI

eKaorof rwf Ao^aywi;

IJ-ovov

df-e'ySrjaai',

Kai

aAAoi jxeTa TOVTOVS* Kat TO yapiov fjXwKfi, ws e8o'a.

7/&e

Greeks begin to plunder, but are forced to beat a retreat.

Kat

ol

/nev

TreATaoral

Kat

ol

\/uAoi

eis-SpajuoVre? 50

e8waTO* 6 8e ztvofpwv crras KOTO

KaT-eKwAvae TOVS OTrAtVas e^w TroAe'/xtoi yap

rjpira^ov o TI exaaros

Tas

Trv'Aas

aAAot

(<paivovTo

eir'

aKpots

Tiaty

io-)(upors.

/ueTa

8e

yjpovov upavyri Tf tyevero evbov, KOI ol "EA\j;res

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

6O

55 efavyov, 01 n(v ex VTfS a e\aftov, ol be Kal

Kal

TroAus

77

1>

&>0ioyios

TO

dfi(/H

eAyor on a*pd

re

etr;

eV8or, *ai TroAAoi

01 e/c-8eSpap.r;Ko'rfs Traioief

tTTj,

Kal ol

Ovperpa.

ex-

Tr

rows

Attack upon the inner fort, at first unsuccessful.

E,vravOa eKeAeuo'c

K?/puKa d^-ciTrerr, TOUJ

roi/

60 rovs TI Aa/M/3areu> teVat

Kar-exAeKTay TOV? TroAf/iiovs 77aAiy

ra

/lei;

e^co TT)S

f-KOfj.L<Tai'To
ot /uey

bwaTov

fl

ol 5e

fi/ Aa/3eiv

em

<j)

8c

ras

oiKi'as,

8eta

otKtwf.

ev-aTrreii;

eoore

cot

Jjv

8'

TJI/,

656y

TT/V

Aoxayoi

avT&v TroAAot rwv

v\a

xai eif-eppntTov

Tlx fortress taken.

rairr;ptas.

a>j

e^airivrjs

yap ointa

TIS

8e 6 Hero^oiy efjiade roCro,

er apivrepq oiKia?, at ^crar

xai ray

Ta\u CKaioiTo.
T&V OLKMV.

ol 8'

oyv

770\e'^iioi

fv-fi^rav

Kal

efyevyov Kal

evravOa eKe\ev<re (pepeiv

TO (jLfvov eavrStv Kal rS>v TroAe/iiwi'.

80 txard

rrji'

f
fn j.\ovTo KOI i}-nopovvro, QeStv ris

aito rovTOiv
is

Kara

tat pfveiv Kal

set fire to the bouses.

p.rj\ai'TjV

75

ot'EAAr/res

r^y anpav' 8oc 8' au(vravOa ol "EAA?;i'es

\u>povvT(av

aviaQev, ajore xaAfTroj;

Greeks

attpav.

ett'cu.

a7ro-xc)/>eti'

70 ai'-t{3aivoir

r?/y

6 8e Hero</)5f KOI 01

axpav.

yjuplov ov \rjTTrlov

rots TO

ai

xai

Xelav' ol 8e OTrAirat l^erro ra oTrAa,

ri]i>

cirl rrjv

cty

bi-rjpirdaOri, KOI

rd oraupw/xara,

a/z(/>i

65 <f>tpov<rav
fffKOJiovv

aKpas Trarra

al TroAAot
et5-/ecray,

eio-co.

oi/ra)

CTTCI

/xdAi; a7j-j/A0oi>

be

v\a
v\a

aTro rou

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

Kal Ttacra

7:oAe/xiW.
Kal al

rvpfftis Kal

Ka,T-f.Kavdr)(ravt

No

OVTV

/xtu)

TV

Ka

KaT-eKavOrj, Kal al OIKUU

TroAts

57

TO.

TrA?)*.'

tv

Tfp

iroirja^fvoi

XO>/HOI>,

61

KOI

(TTavptouara

dAAa

TO.

"n

ai'rijs r?)s ctKpas.

The Greeks leave Trafezus for

ne<ws of Cheirisophui.

Cerasus.

8e

T^

ol

vcrTfpaiq

ovre

"EXXrjves

Irt

'EAAiji'iSa

(vravda
os

f\iv'

ywauca9,

roi/?

v;rep

Kat

rSi' 9

aAAot (TTOpevovro

ol 8e

Kal a(p-iKVovi>To Tropeuo/xerot eis KepacroS^ra,

yrjv.

Tro'Aty

/cat

e8o

Kai eis /xey ra

aatfevowras Kat

TraiSas

ocra pi] avaynr] rjv

or/ccuaiy

Kara

Kai

ra 85

exoyres
ovr

C7rir?j8eta,

TTJS TpaTre^oi/i'roj.

TrAota cv-fftL/BacTaif TOVS re

erTj,

Ta

Aa/x/Sdyfiv

?jy

airotj aTT-treoy dlvai

rcrrapd/coyra

aTT-fffcrav

oure Xet/nVo(/>os ?^ey,

5e

eTret

em

OaXarrrj

e/ixetyay ^/xe'pas

Se'fca*

r?}s

Kai

o-rparias'

the Mossynoeci,

Among

kv

KoA)(t8i

ri]

XP a

xat e^e'raai? eyiy^ero Kal

oKraKts-x'Atot

eyeVopro

Kat 95

Their barbarous manners.

'Ex Kepao-ou^ros 8e Tropevovrat

CTTI

ra

Mo<r<ri;iw6ca>i>

atpowi yjupiov rt v\l/r]\bv fv rfj eKetWy

TrAeio-ra rovrcov rwy \(ap((av roidfie ^y.
al

opta, Kai

ra Se

OTT

dAAijAwv OCTOV oySo^Koyra ardSia*

8e aAA?jAa)y (nif-TjKouov eK
ets

r?)y

krtpav'
8e

ovrajs
ol

v\l/r]\ri

"EAAjj^es

r%

ava- 100

ere'pas TroAecos

re Kat
eZ8oi>

aireurou?, re^pa/zjue'yovs Kapwots ftpOois, air-

aAow

Kat

(r<j)6bpa

ACUKOI;?,

iroiKiAous

5e

ra

i/aira

Kat 105

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

62
TO.

e/u,7rpO(T0ev

TIO.VTO.

v&VTCS 8e

eoriy/Ae'rovs.

rovrous ol

KOI at yufauces T/rrar \evjcot.

ol

oVSpes

orparei'o'a/jtfi'oi

tAeyoy /3ap/3apamiTous etvat 7rdVra)/>, ovs 8i-eA0otey. ef

re yap oxAw o^res ^ffofow airep avOpMiroi ev epjj/xta ay
1

10 TToaya-etai',

re

juo'rot

oi>res

eavrois,

airep

/xer'

eye'

/cat

Embassy from

Cotyora.

eTrparrof

8i-eAeyorro re eavrois, xai

pa^eiay a^'

Sinope.

The Greeks enquire about

their route.

Ata

ra^TJjs r?js \u>pas ol "EAAjy^'e? knopfiidr](Tav OKTO>

evrevOev a0-

115 orafytoi;?, xat afy-iKvovvrai ets XaAv/3a9.

et? Tt/SapTj^oiis, <cat ^iera

Korvwpa

CL^-LKOVTO ets
f/j.ii>av

riys

e^raP^a

'EAA;vt8a.
eV

ireVre.

ra 8 ^Trtr/8eta

20 ayaii>as yvnvLKOvs.

Syo

Tropevo/xei'ot

8e

ravrats

rots 0eots, *at firoirja-av Tro/xTras Kat

lip&Tov fjitv <!6v(Tav

1

Tro'Atj;

rerrapaKO^ra

7y/u,e'pas

raSra

rTa</)Aayoytas, ra 8e

e/c

rair

eAa/x/3az>oj>

ra /xy ex

ru>v KorucoptrcSf.

\(apMV

ex 2trwTr?js irpeVySets, irpo->jyo'pei 8e

ovrot 8e

8etvos oaf Ae'yeu .

1

OVK rJKoifV

ol

arparr/yoi

SuxoTreW
\oi7r//s

TroAffioy,

aAAa

TipeV/Sets*

TTopetas,

<i

raii;

*cai

Kara

'EAATjrcoy

y?}i>

i)

CTre/XTrov

(ei>i.(flv

eTrwi'^ai'o^ro

<cara

eiTroi;

e7H-8ei'oz>re?

rourou 01 re Korwcopirat

e7ev.

<^)iAoi

xai

iroiTjao'/xei'oi

aurwz;

on
on

^e'z'ta,

TOWS
TTfpt

^aAarra/.

rwy
T^J
Se'oi

TRAPEZUS AND

VI.

Answer of Hecatonymns.

'

land journey

must go by sea

*O Se

^/Aas eojj.v
KO[j.l^]ffOc

Kara

y?]i>

yap

" OtSa
/ier

fltifV

r//xas

ra TrAoia'

iropifciv

Trope^crfle, t>p,a? 8e?/cret tu'at

o/xwj oe 8e? Aeyeiy

impossible

you

on

130

Trpdy/xara, eav /cara 0dAarrav

TroAu irAa'co

SeTjaet

is

63

Heraclea.'

to

aya-crra?

'E/carco/'u/xo?

SI NOPE.

a yiyrwo-Kco*

roi/s

e/XTretpoj

xat

8e

eaf 8e

^a^on^vovs.

yap

ei/xt

TTJS

KaAAtora

TreSt'a

'35

no\jj.uov, ot>8e 01 Trdyres avQpwTioi bvvaiVTO av bi-e

ei

8e

/cat

bvva.L(r6

kv

"AAw,

v-nep-p^vai
rai

TCC&I'O,

ra.

oprj,

^ere

KOL KparijtraL rutv

TOVS

CTTI

7rorap:oi;y,

yikv Toy &(pjj.(abovTa, bevrepov 8e 'Iptr, rpirov 8e 140

aiy ovbeva av bvvaurOc bia-flijvai avev TtXoiatV rt's

5e Tiap-{(t iiiuv TO. TrAota

CTrt

eav 8e 8ta-/3^

TOV flapO^vtov, os a/3aro's eoriv

v o5v vofJ.i(a TTJV Kara yTjy "noptiav ei^ai aa.VT&<

abvvarov'

cay

8^

fi'dfi'be

TrAeJjre,

/xey

Trapa- 145

'

cts

woAAa

^ivwTrrjr,

e* 2iyw7rrjs 8e eis

8e TiAoid earii^ ev 'Hpa/cAeia/'

01 8e

ravra, tyt}$t<TainQ Ui'ai Kara QaXarrav,

Xenophon's grand project.

'Ev 8e rovrw

\pov<a e8d/cet Hero^airn naXbv elvai

TO>

ar-oiKiVai

Silanus creates an alarm.

y TO) ndi>Ta>,

Kal bvvafj.iv ry 'EAAdot.

XaOpa

/cat

OVT&> irpos-KT^aandai 150

KOI

fm

rowrois eGvero

rutv crTparnarSti'^ 7rapa-/caAeo-as ^.iXavov, rov

fjMVTtv yfvofjLfvov.

Kvpov

6 8e 2tAayos, 88i(bs p.^ ravra yeVoiro

Kai ^ orparia Kara-p.fiVLV (ffiovXero

yap

<Ls

rdxtora

eis

TJ)J>

EAAd8a), eAeye

Trpos TO orpdVeufia 155

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

64

on

Ee^oc/jaif

TTOU;-

T&V

roTs Se TroAAcns

^Kovtrav ravra, eSoxei /3e'ArioToz>

7ret

orpaTicorcoi;,
/m?7

avrdOi, KOI

fiovXoiTo oltiivai iioXiv

ovo^o. KCU bvvaptv eourw.

(TaarOai

Kara-/mi>ai fV TW

rtms Trap-otras rwy 'HpaKAewraii'

160 f(b6fli]crav e/xiro'pous

v,

fj.(iveiev (V

Timaston

Ol

8e

on

\eyovTes

KiySuyoj

TroAvy,

CIT^

/cat

rocravrr)

TW

Greeks in Troas.

offers to settle the

aKowai'Tts raCra

e/XTTOpoi

ci

a7r-?jyyeA.Aoi>

KcAevovaty avrbv iTfideiv ri)v crTpanav

TOV
6 8e cruA-Ae'^a? TOUS orpaHOVTOV.
e^-eXOtlv
nwray Aeyet ra8e " Ov bti ^p.as ey^dSe /xe'/'ety,
cu'Spf s,

165 TovTinacriutva, /cat

eic

170

dAAa ws ra^tora

a-n-itvai

nyas Ovtadai

royro)

ii/ztV,

is

(itl

CTTI

\dOpa

^af eK-TrAtrjre, Trap-tet.v

T?/y

ap.

TpwaSa, e^^ev

I>IMV

?}y?/(ro/xat

rrjf

et/xt

'EAAdSa.

[ucrdoV KCU

(pvyas, KOI

8e Vjuas

{m-KT^yovyLai 8e

I/IJL&V.

v^w

a/cowo 5^

rj

/j,r)

a^ft)

v//a9

TTO\LS VTT-

/cat

iroAAa

i.

Xenopborii defence,

*M)/

o/y

oA/Vr/ is

your welfare ; if

Silanus says otherwise, be speaks falsely.'

*O 8e

Eero(/><5j;

175 (TTas etTTe TaSe'

ev TOVTW /aev eatya' vorepop 8e d^a-

"'Eyw

/uey,

dj'8pej, Ovo/jiai /cat

KOI virep fp.avTov, OTTOHS Tavra Ae'^a) Kat

),

6pLr]v

& eorai
Trepl

KclAAiora

CLVTOV
ra>

e^w
^

vj^rv T

rovrou,

ci

xal

a^fivov

ffJioL
flrj

irpdrreiy, ^ .navranaai.
6 /udiris

vucp

voTycra)
/cat

Ae'yeiy

aiyav
a7r-e/cptWrd ^iot ra

/cai

vCv
f^s
Ttepl

/xev

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

on

a etmt KaAa' eAee Se

Kat

Oo'Ao?

Tn(3ov\i]

fftovXeve 8ta-/3aAAeti>

'

ii.

/^ie

Ttparrtiv ravra

voot[j.riv

wow

"'Eya>

j'/'Ui?

Se,

aTTO-TrAe^o-atre

rtz/a

7)817,

us return to Greece*

let

^as

ovv av rowro,

aTropovfras raiy

OTTWS

e'

avros eV-

v\j.G>v"

project

ewpwy

on

Aeywy w? eyw 8ta-

Trpos i/nas,

XdOpa

my

up

et /xey

v TO?S tepots QatvoiTO rt?

eytyyaxnce yap

e/xot*

65

eTTtrrj-

185

Aa/3oVres

ip-els

ei

fSovXoicrOt'

8^

jtx^

Aotcr^e aTr-teWt, ea-KOTtovv OTTCOS er0a8e jueVo^r

CTret
/xr^

jj.ia6ov,

aTTO-TrAfri''

8e

KaAoV

/xoi

'MpaKAecora?

rti'aj vir-ta^yov/xefoi/s 190

a^8pas

cTrai

Sofce?

^/xas

KOI airo's re Trawojuai eKeiV?js T

TOVS aAAovj xjirjvai

cfooCyro

opw

TrAora, /cat

raura.

navtaOai, oaoi avv

</>?^t

yiyz>co<TKGO

ori

yap

GJUOU

iroAAot, ajffTTfp fwy lore, Kat I^Tt//ot eaeo-^e

>

f7rtT?/8eta
8i>i>?jo-e<T0e

e/xot

/xey
/cat

8t-

ovres

e^ere ra 195

ear 8e Sta-cnraaflijre Kat oAtyot ye'j^o-^e, owre

Xafj-Pdveiv

Tavra ovv 8oKft

f/^iot

'EAAa8a' Kat edy rts

rpo^rjv,
cbrep

ovre

KaAws

aTto-yjuptlv,

eK-7ropevecr^at

v//u^,

diro-Xforj) //jua?, Trptv

Trav TO

ts

TT)J>

arpd-

rev/xa etrat ei &cr<^aAe7, rouroi' KpivtcrQai a>s a8i<com'ra."

Neiv
and Thorax,

Silanus foiled in his object.

TU

Tovrots

airafres

2iAay6s

e/Qoa, Ae'yaJf

fjLevov.

ol 8e

ei?j

ras
ati-itvai rov jSouAo-

orpariwrat ?}7retAowv avrw on,

a7To-8t8pao-Koyra,

ra

project of Timasion

av-trfivav

ws 8tKatov

p.e^

KoAdaetai' avrov.
TrAota wfjntov<ri}

Ti/xaaicort

cat

wpaja,

200

ei A?jv^otfro

fvrtvOtv ol 'Hpa-

ra 8e xP r]^ aTa )
OVK

tyacray

^ 7r ~ 205

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

66
(vravda

ical

Tt/xacraoy

Sfj

uAAous orpanjyovs,

/cat

ets

ts

Dissatisfaction of the

O!

TraAiv

a)i"

e</>epoy

army.

acrty.

<

ravra*

eacrai auroi/s

raura

TipaTToiJ.fi>a.'

oe

uKowrrat'res

5e

Hero^aiy eAe^fy

'

\.

8ia-/3aAAety
jueAAoo
jcat

Aeyoyros'

7/o-^(iyeTO,

rou? or/sancoras,

ot

erKA^a-iay.
fj.u.\a.

cat

exe-

8f,

eiret

eroi

The reports against me are

ear /iey fya>

ourw

6//e

xpifrrOe

if I ivoitld?

e/ue,

ayety ei?

y 5e ol
eir,

oT/iariairai

Hero^aiy

I could not deceive you

i/^ta?

cS8e*

Xenophon's second defence.

225 aTranJ<Tas

ol

avro/uarous*

o-t/A-AeyJ/z'cu

avA-Ae'yeiy

xr/pv/ca

KCU

crwAAoyot eytyt'orro avrwr

xai

TOU Kr/pVK09, (Tvi'-lbpa^ov

false

OUK ay
" <ryA-

a meeting'

calls

Xenophon

CTret

T7/f

on

be" e^,

v^cis

rw-ayayU>
TOV

/cara-o-^tij;

Hey(K/)wy Sta-rootro ayety TOVS <rr/iartw<l j

ei?

ijbi]

ct

8e or/jaTtwrat evrv^orro

NW cAeyey
ras

"

aTpanav

r/jy

TOUS arpartcoraj,

21 5

avrols

boK.fl

/cat

'I'ao-iy,

Zfvoty&v 8t cnr-CKpivaTO

\utpai'.

rawra

on

\*yov<Flv

7;Aeu>

et770t

0a5pa, 7rapa-Aa/3oWes

Neau'os rov 'Aatfotbv, ep^oyrat

7rA?jy

ws

uy5p<s,

l>aa-iy.

eya> e^-

oyy

d/<oi;(raT

</;aiy&)/xai

d8t/ceu', eirt-

8ta-/3aAAoyres ^>atWyrat

avrols,

axntfp

aidv

eori.

5e, o?/xat, lore 6'0ey ?;Aios dy-tV^ft, Kat OTTOU dvcrat*

230 Kai

on fay

\t.iv

ns

eis TJ)y

bfl TTOp(v(crOai,

eai>

'EAAdoa

/ieAA?j

u'yat,

b^ ris /3ovArjTat

wpos

tet-ai

iy

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

rovs ftapfidpovs, 6Vt Set nopfveaOai

on

8e Kat rouro,
r?)z>

-Trpos

orai; /3ope'as

TT^ e'?/,

xaAoi 77X01

a>$

eto-ti"

oSy ooi^aiTo ay e-a7Tar?}a-(H v/xas

"
OTO.V VOTOS
rt's

ev

fttvovs
/cat

er

ety

'EAAd8a. 235

rr/i'

?/

TrAewo/xat, v^els 8e

irAota)

8^ eay

>cai

e-a7rar?j<ras

aTro-jSaiW/xel' ets

oi

fyOoi'ovaLV

Katrot ov StKatcos ye

ov&va auT&v
X(rOai
e^xot, a

i'Titp

r]

/xey

aAAa

(oires oTrAa.

Aeyety

ets,

eya>

eore

ov/c

vjueTs 8e

v0' v/xwy. 245

rt/^ico^at

(f>0ovoiv'

/xoi

K<wAi;a>

yap

eya>

TOU Kot/'ou dya^ov

irept

TOVTMV'

eyw
TTWS

ourot etaty ol Ao'yot ai

v^S>v re Kat eawoO.

et/))/Ka Trept

?],

ejcaToV.

dyco vp.as eis ^acrtr,

eo-o/xat

ort

f\j.oi }

af

e*>

\u>pav, yz>c6<recr0e OTI

TT)I

'EAAdStj Kat eyw

TT;

These

Kat eay e/^-/3t/3d(ra) ^//as, orav yaA?yr>j

fi

ets

Kat Ae'yere,

'Neither could I force you to accompany me.

calumnies proceed from pure jealousy.'

" 'AAAa
fzey

eo).

eo> rou FIoWou

/3opeas /zef <pepet

VO'TOS 8e (/>epet et<To> eis <I>a<ny

'EAAdSa,

i\.

67

dAAa raCra

8e rt^t vju,wy

et

/.cey

uAAo

ri

fj.d-

dpKet
SoKet^

250

Ae^dra)."

Xenophon accused of harsh dealing.

(witness examined.

'EK TOVTOV Trdires dy-tordp:eyot eAeyoy TOWS roy Hero8ta-/3aAdi,ras

Sowat

e8o^e

biKi)V

wy ey
eVcoi'.
,

sat 6

fVTavda

(f)d(TKOVT<i

Hei>o</>a)i>

8e

KaT-rjyoprjcrdv

brj

TTCLLfaOai

VII

rives

OVTOV (V

eK^Aeuae toy Trp&rov Ae'^arra

F

KOI

roi/s

r<

TTj

HeyoTTOpeta. 255

eiTretv TTOIJ

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

68

Kal

/n'yet,

" 'AXXa

8e 6

(Tr-rjpfTO

265 *ip(TO

p.7ii>,

eV

etVat

avTov

6i

cirai

OVK

ireXra^bt.

'Ej>rav0a

" *H
" av
270

(TV

yap ?}rdyKa^*s
f{

$77 6 Het'o^aJi',

/ce'Xe?j(ra

375 TTpayfj-a
pao-flat

OTTO)?
eTrei

c/ioi

TOV di-bpa.

tyevero.

di'7)p

KOI

TiopV(rdai'

aTT-oXoiTO'

8e efceXevad

ere

77

/xe

8t-'8a)ca

aTr-ayaycty aOra

aoi aTtavra (Twa,

diro-XajSuiy a7r-e'8a>K<i

Ta
Trpoy e^te'

cireiSJ)

ey&) TjfdyKafrd

yap

TroXc/xioi

vpo-t&ai,

(re

ayeiv avrbv,

^)-ct7rotTo

eycoye OVK

Tf.Ovi]Ktv,

<r*

eSofas yap

fxoi ei8e'rai

fa)??*

aco

on

^u/.

vcrrepov KaT-eXaySov

a>s

ol Trap-oVres (rvi'-tupayov OTI

etTe

av

8ia TO fXTjKeVi 8v-

Kar-opv^ovra TOV &vdpu>irov.

280 8e, wap-eorrjKOTcoi' ruiCtv, 6 a.vr\p <riy-e*ca/xv^e TO

opvTTovra (360pov,

cai

v/xcts 8e dfcoTJo-are oTov TO^

/car-eXeiTrero

xai

0rj 6

8i-cppi\^a5 8e ra

TOVTO voujffat'
" ""AXXd
(TKCVT;."
/ie

aJ8e ircos eye'rero*

dXXots dyeiv, xat

a7r-e8eias

Xenofbon

Bei>o(Tj<2i>

re3i> e/xwi* <7uo-/c7;i;a)y

<cai

ir(iXtv

justified.

av-eyiyvwcrKev av
" "
TOV (cd/iyof ra dyaycor ;
Nal,"
6

8?;

7 6

Hero^wy

dAXa e\avi

Barbarity of a soldier to<warJs his comrade.

amply

(re,

</7 6 dzn/p.
c^)f/,

8ta

Xtov,

fTrato'r

TOTJTCOV,

rouro

oii8e

*at

el-jre^'

6/AoXoy<S

vfipi(ov,

KCU

ri ae,

ov8cv

ECPO^WP

8e

o/xcus

6ir\LTfvoi.

a77-a)XX7Jp.e0a ra>

8e

ncnp<p

oj/cof

fl-row

ei-e^

avijp

CLVTOV ft

7/f."

Toiovra)

7<Sz>

TroTfpov

cTrX?/"/?^'

(Ttfl

7rXeioT7j

%iu>v

260 v/3pt0To'repos
ri

""Oirov

6 8e aTT-eKpiva.ro'

icat e7r\?;y/7.

oa>

8e eiTres,

auToV.'

Eire

tf

6 dt^p ef/j."

fad

'

<re

eiret

i<a aot

"Ti'oui>;'

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

69

" Kai
<f
avToV;"
yap ly/ms," ecpq 6 Hefo^wf, 7rcu>TS OTTO- 285
Oai'ov^fda' TOVTOV ovi> eVeKa 8a ///las {"<Sf ras K
ej'Tai>0a Traires

;"

vcu.

a>s 6 "EtvofyGtv Trat

av-tKpayov

avrov oAtyas TrAjjyay.

Xenophon continues

'

his defence,

i.

Af^ seeming harshness

justified by circumstances,

'O 8e Hero</)wy

co

ras rci^ets
eKreiy

ay

/cat Trpo-fle'oyres

Se

ei

^/xwy.

aTr-coAo'/xe^a.

KOI

ra

oirot

AtTroWes

rovro,

ava-navo^vovs

e/3ta(ra/x7jy TOIO^JTOUS 295

yjEiij.G>vi

\a\cnov

i]v

\povov, ai>a-<rTrjvai Kat

8ta TOUTO oSv, OTTOTC

KCU jSAaKevovra,

K.o.Q-rj(fdai

riz/as

yap ev TW layvpu

yap KU'eta^at Trap-et^e

77080)^

eTrotoC/xej;

Ka^

av-wravOai, xal

o-Ke'Ary.

rJiJ.CVOV

5e rou

5e

Ka^-e{"o/x,eVto 7roAi;y

e/jiavTw,

''Eyw, 290

Aeyei>*

dfSpas eiuore,

f]6e\ov ap-na&iv re Kat

-jrayTes

e7iai(ra

Kat ov/c e^eAorras

/cat

Tiarcrai 5?)

ojuoAoyw

ct/;5/3ey,

aAAovs Aeyeiy Sta T^ eKao-ro?

"
e

c/ceAever

8e o^Sets d^-tVraro, avros

eTTtt

7rA?/y^.

was

depfiaffiaff

t5ot/xt

aAAoi;

r/Aawoy airoV TO

nva

|y,ey

KCU vypJrjjTa, VTCO 300

TO re at/xa CTrrjyyvro xat o! Sci/cruAot TWI;

iroAAot

cnrep

aTT-eo'TjTroi'To'

KOI

v/^wy

fTiaOov.

aAAous 8e ye tcrcos aTTO-Aenro/xeVows ey rfj 68<5 Kat KWv

Awo^ras TO arpar^v^a -nopevt&Oai eTratcra TTI>, OTTWS /x? ;
Tratoti'TO Tats TWJ; TroAe/xtcoy Aoy)(aty.

'

ii.

A^o^y /^<7/

<ii;f
'

iii.

" Kat

fxey

bovvai

8tKjjy,

Trai<rt.

et

are oa/

o/"

305

danger, I

am

no longer severe?

/ demand justice at your hands.'

kiil

dya^w

eKo'Aatrci

Ttva, d^t&i

otar Kat yovtis bibovcnv viols Kat

8e yo/xt^Te

/xe

TavTa TTpdrTdv

OijTf OTI yCy eya) dparrvTfpos

t/xt

?/

v^Spe

TO'TC, Kat TTU'CD TrAetco

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

70
Q.AA'

310 oli'ov,
tvbiq.

8e

ana.pTiifj.aTos

^fifjL<av
fj.lv

/cat

/xupa

ov5ets

tori

fj.ffj.irij<rOai

fK TOVTOV

et /xe'y

fj.lv

tv

yap TW

br]

^ (TT-fiv&ra

aAAa

r&v ayaQStv

jurjv

rj

/caAoy ye

fj,a\\ov

av-[<TTai'To Kal

rj

rwi

ir-fivovv TOI

wore

The Greeks entertain the

the Paphlagoniaru.

Embassy of

ev

Kal iravra Tre/n-eyeVero

Eew>0a)i>ra'

oWas

cv

Ttpvfj.vri'

CTrotT/o-a

rovrcov.

//.e'/xyjjrai

biKaiov

/cat

KaK&i-."

vfj.as

KCU pLKpov fVfxev

d/xa/)T?y/uara

on,

be riva

(I

TOVTOV,

32

on

irpwpfvs \a\eiraivei ro?s cv irptapq,

davfj-dfa 8e

<rufj.<f)opas.

yap

6p5>

tore

77,

Se KvfiepirfTrjs \a\tTiaiveL rots ey

T06oyrw xaipw
315

ov8eW'

7raio>

o;*<i>s

orav

ambassadors.

Kat
v

ol

fj.(v

ol 8e

na<f)\ayoviav'
arrt

on KopvAas

ITa^AaydVes fKaKovpyovv TOWS

TOVTW.

KopvXas 5^ 6 ITa(/)Aayorias

TrpecrySeis

irapa TOI/S "EAArjyay, Ae'yovras

eroijuos

t?j

<f)t\os

(Ivai

dSiKeli; /x^re a8iKeur0ai.

^i^re

vavTo

on

wore

TOVTMV (3ov\v<rourro avv r^ orpana,

avrous w?
*vovs.
dvvavTfs b% (3ovs Kal

irept /xer

(bf^ovTo bf

aAAa

TOLS "EAAr/o-t^,

ol 8e crrparrjyot aTr-eKpi-

iepeta eSei'ufovy

*cai

t-nivov (rvv avrois.

7Zv entertainment begins ivitb a Tkracian pantomime.

330

'ETTCI
fj.ev

rots

5e (TTrofSai re tyevovTo Kal (iraiavicrav^ irpS>Tov

o.v-t<mt}(rav Kal

Qpqufs
oTrAois,

fxaxai/>ais.
ira<Ttv (boKfi

cccu

re'Aos

TJfAAoin-o

8^

vpyjivavTo Ttpbs avAov

KOV^WS,

erepos

at

eTiaio-e

rov avbpa TfOvrjK^vaL'

6 b%

expwpro

TW

erepoy,

e7re<r

oi/y

rots
/cat

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

KOI ol

7TC09,

TO OTrAa
be

rG>v

TOV

aAAoi

acoi> TOV SiraAfcaf*

erepov f-'/t

QpqK&v

6 \ikv Aa/3a>t' 335

feat

Oa^Xayofes av-tKpayov

Jl

TOV

e-e'(/>epoy

a>s

trepov

Te6vi]KoTa'

8e

Mera

op^rjcnv

re'Aos 6 ATJOTT)?

Kut

TO

5e

rpoTros

TJ]S

340

^ep

x e 'P e OTT-eAawei avroV.

War

The Pyrrhic dance.

dances.

(h-ijXOfv (\wv Tit^rrfv ev tKarepa

Taw

Tore 8e e^p^To

ir'Arais

ws

8e

wpxerro

TO

irpoy tva, TO'TC 8e 350

KOI t-(Kvfii(TTa. tyjuv Tas Tre'ATas* Kal

Te'Aos

ror

t5coy

TOV fevyovs'

avbpa cnr-ayei avrov re 345

KCU 6 ^evyTjAciTr/s I'txa Toy

8770-05 oTTtVa) TOJ

performance.

Se

TW

be

CVIOTC

e{!yo?.

Trpos-epxerai.

yj(ras

Mera TOUTO Mvaos

vTai,

OTrAa, KOI /iaxeTctt

TO.

jcat

\yarijv flra

KCH

oi:\ots'

ws A?/or^s

XyffTTjv apTtafa

y^ Mys'tan

rots

/xei' 7rapa-0e//eros ra OTrAa

TroAAa/cis or pe<d|uez>os ws (^oftov

r,

5e

described.

o.v-i(TTr]<Jo.v,

tv

erepos

//<7Wff

Carpaian

aAAoi

roCro

t'ay

'

'

Tfo

o\l/is

xaA?)

Kpov&v

Hcpo'tKOi',

Tas

KOI
KOL f-noiei
TreATO?, >cai wxAafe
^-avio~raro'
ravra Ttdvra (V pu^/xw Trpos Toy avAov. cVTaiifla etsol MarTirers KCU aAAoi rives T&V 'ApKaScof e- 355
i,

rjeaay
ol

Trdtras

aiTois
aurrji'

8e

Te

eV

Oa^Aayoye?

TOS opx^creis eTvai

^au/xa^bfras

ws

eSut'aro

pv9p.<$,

ei>

oirAoi?.

eis-ayi
KaAAtcrra,

KOI

eTtaidvivav

opwyres

fOavjj.a^ov

6 8e Murros opG>v

op^rjarpiba,
xal

Kal

bovs

o-Kevacras

ai>Tfl

aaiiiba 360

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

72
Kovfyiji'.

be

?/

et-raO^a

pws.

7/t>

Tjy 5e

The Greeks sail

to Sinope.

ol orpaT>;yoi 7rpos-?/yov TOI/J 7J7V/3eis

varepcua

ro orparev/jia'

fIa(/)Aayo't'as

ol

re'Aos

eye'rero.

Terms of peace concluded.

5 eis

TO

rorro

KOI

TroAus'

TT/ j'l'Kri

vnj

<j)[)yji<

Kpo'ros

A.CU

e8oe

rots or/iaTKorais

ddiKei(r^at

/jti/te

xef 77pt'<Tets W^OVTO'

fcaAw.

jutra

citKU>
TO^TO

6e "EAAijres, e7Tt5)/ TrAoia

ol

ara-/3ar7es

)-eti'at,

/^J/re

avrcGv.

VTT*

KOI

en\eov

a0-uo'/jirot

ijfjifpav

KCU

SU'WT

eiy

370

iy

hjpfjLiarai'To

77615

At/xe'm

ApiirfVijlff

^fZ'lU

TTt/iTTOUCTl

TOW

T/}S

Sti'wTrrjy

"EAATJCTl^,

CHAPTER

ttA0lTtt

KOI

VII.

SINOPE TO CEIRYSOPOLIS.
Cbeirisopbus returns.

Kat ev ravrp

/p?;.

is

5 uto-flai

KOI

01

TT)S

8f

T>)

Xenopbon

oiKaSe.

orpaTiairai,

Vt

w? eSo'xow

fii-fOvfjiovv fj.a\\ov

efio^ev

^f apxyv.

offered the sole

command.

'ApurjVfl ol "E\\r}Vfs ffj.cwav ij^fp

'EA\a5os,

rpa-Tro'/xcfot

is

?/8rj
r)

yiyviaOai

-npoarOtv cup-

ouy curois ekeaOat Zva apxpvra,

TOJ;

H evo<p<avra

Hittidov

amov

5e-

6 8e e/SouAero /xcv
ap^ftv, vopifav

*
i:

S1NOPE TO CHRVSOPOLIS.

VII.

4auro> ^eifco oimws ay yevfffOai*

rtfxr)y

on

GVHOITO
8ta

ore

dyflpcoTrw, KOI

Kt'ySwos euj

a770-/3aAoi

Kat r?/y ?rpo- 10

eVw

avrw

oe

c^

0eo3

TOV

I8o^e

(v6fj.ifi>

'E^errou

ori 6 /xa^rts

at

e*

tniiiovov

i,

rQ>

ro'rc
TO.

ecopa/ceVat

ro

orpartas.

rrjs

eAeye

/^idAto-ra

CTTI-

rov Se olwvov OVK cu'at 20

TOV yap deroy TI^TO^VQV nzdA.tora Aa^to{!ra) 8

yi/v 6

is elected.

to

Voyage

Heraclea.

ai

6 8e Trap-cA^cby eiTref 25
XeipiVo^ov.
roCro
/xey To-fe, on OVK ay eycoye
ai>8pes,

et

aAAoy

Tretpdo-o/xat

et'Aeo-^e'

8e

7ret

e/x^

eiXecrfle,

v/^ias

Kat v/xer?

ovrco

6 8e 7rAoi5s etrrat ets 'HpaKAeiay*

eKeure,

^ouAevcro'jue^a

Trept

TtvOfv Trapa-TrAcwcrayres d(/)-txoyro

'HpaKAeairat

KOI

ay Swto^iai dyaflor.
Trapa-aKeuaCecr^e eis avpiov, ws TrAeuvrotety

aoiJLfvoi.

ol

ore 15

Toy ol<avov

/^ej;

Ic^r/

feat

ay-

Kvpw,

/txe'yay

yap op^ea

6Vap,

8e 6 Hfroc^aif ov/c cSe^aro r?yy ap^ijv, ol crrpa-

'AAAa,

tX6(i)fj.v

ara-

/SacrtAei, ort

ei'Aovro

ecrra(Tta{"oy,

cya)

apyjuv

KaO-rj/xeVo)'

Cheirisophus

"

el^at

Kpariorop
Att r<5

C7rir75eta.

TO.

et

command.

refuses the

o-y/^-juaxov/xeros

fj-evroi,

derw

\pri{j.aTL(TTLKoi>,

rtwrai

and

Kat e^ytro ra)

ore Trpwroy yptOr]

wp/xaro

//?/

o'ay, TjTropetro.

TOIS Otots'

rourov

au ey-

5'

tan Trawl

interprets the omens,

Xenopbon

oTrore

TO jueAAoy a8rjAo'y

roiiro

etpyaoyze'yjjy

73

7rep.7rovcrt

e'yia

Kat oTyoy Kat ^3ous etKoo-t KOI ots e

rwy

ets

eTrctSay 8e 30

aAAcoy.'

'HpaKAeiay

rots "EAA?jo-ty,

eyKOI

aA0ira

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

74

The Heracleant

Ungracious conduct of some of the Greeks.

menace <war.

Ol

35

8e orpariwrai ai/A-AeyeWes e/3ou/\evofro ittpl TTys

AOITTT;?

//ey, a>

criria

atrely

ar8pey,

i]^pS>v

rpicoy

rows

'Hpa/cXewras
KOI

Tre/iTreir

vrcvOev
KOI

creaOai,
>cai

a!

TTJ

TTvAai

eA^oyres

xat

'E

TOVTOV ol

r^v TroAty

irept

KOI

eAeyov ra
raOra ffpaaav
^* T ^

"

XPW 07

6VAa ((aivero

Numbers

in

f.m

rS>v

each division.

'Apa8s

eAcyov, w? alcr^pov
vij(rL(t)v

Trpoy

A.VK(OVCL

aKouo-at'Tes

eKexAetrro

e/iot

eAarroy

7rpe'(r/3eis

Threefold partition of the army.

orparta.

ju,^

tvdvs crvi'-fjyov ra

KOI

'

5e

ol (rrpar?7

Trffj-irovcn

ouroi

'Ayao-iW*

6e 'Hpa/cAewrai

45 01

on

0aAarray

/cara

17

xP^ara' raura yap ra

///xty

40 aerai

y7jy

AVKMV

rov Ylovrov.

e*c

a/?
)

Kara

irorepov

770pe/'a?,

CITJ

/cai ol
'Amatol o-uy
era 'A^^faiof ap\civ

KOI AaKfbaifj,ovi(v.

r\v

5e rp a\r)0ei

TOV oAov orparcv/^iaros 'ApKaSes Kai 'A^aiot. ovroi ovv

(\cyov ws 5eoi eAeV^ai kavrS>v o-rpar^yous, /cai KO^' eav'
TOVS 7roiei(T0at r^j; -noptiav. raura e8oe' /cat ol
55 *ai 'Axatot, aTro-Anro/'Tfs

avv-tarria-av,

rovrou

Kal

XetpiVoc/joy

cat

eiAorro rrrpar?;yous cavraii;

6e*ca.

e/c

ro o-rparev/ia yiyverat rpi^Tj, 'ApxaSey /^ey xat

l

TiAetous ^
6e

60 TreAratrrai

7}(rai/

8e

rtrpa/cts-)(iAioi, oTrAtrai

oTiAirai

inroM^itot'

/xei'

Tra/^res'

rerpaKocrioi

sZevotyuvri 5^

icai

7]<rai'

Xet-

%(\ini,
oTrAtrai

SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

VII.

eTiTaKoVioi, TreAraarat 8e rptaKoVtof

75

ovros Se

"

tTTTrtKov, d/ji(pt

rerrapaKO^ra

The Arcadians attack the natives, and are defeated

Kat

KOI

fyr

them.

ol

fj.V

cis

KdAmjs XijueVa, Kara fxeVov T^S ey 'Acrta

ez/reu^ef tTTopcvovro eis ray -rrpwras Kw/xas* 65

voviriv
0/)(iKrjs.

'ApKaSes

Trpwrot

Kai eTrt-Treo-o'yres TCHS

0pa^i

ol 8e

ol

0paKc?

r?)

TrAe'owt,

vorepaia eAa/3oy TroAAvjv

r]9poiovTo'

8ia-(/>uyoVres

TW

ci7ro-/3ai-

KCU

Aox^, ei>6s rwy

y arpaTriywv, Kat a.7ro-KretVoncrty avroy re roy
Kat rovs aAAous Trd^ras.
aAAou 8e Aoxou, 70
of 'Hyr/(ray8pos e?X ei; > oKrw /xorovs Kar-eAtTrof ^cS^ras'
fxey

eTri-Tt^eyrat

xat avros 'HyTjo-afSpos

rrvv-riXQov'

Kat a/xa

Kat ol /ney aAAot Ao)(ayot

ecrco^jj.

ol 8e 0pa<ces

fjfJ-epq

2/xiKp?jros

o-w-eAeyovro r^? VVKTOS TroAAot.

vrept roi' \6(j)ov, tvOa ol

eYarroj>ro KVKAa)

"EAAjj^es ecrrparoireSevoyro, KOI 7rpos-e'/3aAAov Trpos rows 75

TWZ; 'EAA?jz>a)i> ovrAtras, Kat ertrpaxTKOv iroAAovs'
ol

0paKes

et/jyoi; avroi/s KOI d:ro rou

aTropta

?]y,

IJTOVV

6p.r;povs,

8t-eAe'yo^ro irept
ol

paKes

o-7roz;8oi>y.

8,

ets

'HpaKAewrtSo?.

ol

fxey

8^

sevofp&v

8e,

r^s

KdA77?js At/xeVa*

Aa/3wy irAota, a7ro-^3ai^ei cut ra opta r^s

r?)s

8e

to their relief.

7re{^ Tropeuojixevoj 8ta

^dAarrar, d^-tK^etrai

ciret

8e ol "EAAryres

OUK ci'5o(rav.

Xenophon marches
Xetpto-o(pos

vSaro?.
ITTCI

re'Aos 8e

paKr;? Kat

epreufley Tropevo/jif^os 8ta rfj? ju(ro-

ey-ruyxd^et 7rpe'cr/3ea-t Tropeuo/xcVots TTOI' Kat ^pcora 85

avrovj, ci TTOV ata^otrro aAAov o-rparev/xaros 'EAA?ji'iKoiJ.
yai'a?

on

8e eAeyoy

ol

8e

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

76

ol

'ApKa8es noXiopKolvTO

ravOa

e8oei>

90 Tt/jiCKnau'a

avTui

cri/v

floriOt.lv

tv-

cifcpa, e/ce'Xeue

e/

xai

6e xatetr airavra, o<ra 6pS>tv

ravra'

cocrTe Tiatra

?/

x^ a ^So/

xal ro orpdreujua eli/at

t,

Ao

\6(pov } ol

eVe/x^e 8e

d^Spci'Tif

7ra/)-e7Tf/i^c 8e

ol 8e t-noiovv

rots

TOIS brTrevVi (TK07reu> TO

^rj5ey Aa^oi avrovs.

as eis ra

eirl

t7pL-KKVK\<afj.evot. etev avTovs.

0pa*es Trarres

tiding} of either army.

All meet again at Cafpe.

ry i)fJ.fpa (rvv-ra^a^voi. ws ets l*-ayj]

eSvfayro Ta^iora.
Ti/xacricoy 6e Kat

"Afj.a 8e

95

OITO

?}

em

irpo-(\avvovTfs a<J)-iKovTo
V6S

euetra 5e

yryfvrmevov'

paxes
'

aTT-Tjeo-aj;

OTTOI

8e

OpSxTlV

eaTre'pas,

TT/S

OVT

TO fxey Trpwroy

ca4

orpdrcv/ia.

TroXe'/xtov

100 eoj ro

OVK

KOt

(TIoXiOpKOVVTO'

ol

lintels

ror Xofyov, ZvOa ol "K\\rj-

oiotiro ou5ets

e^av/xa^by TI

titwOavovto ori
ol

OVTf

<f)l\lOV

ol

/xey

8e "EAArjyes a/xa T^

/8ei.

ol 8e d/u<)t

Hero-

ravra

Kara r^y 68of.

cat

dAA?jAovs

aAAois

rot's

x-juttfai

105 Tropeudpievoi tu>pu>v

TOV

trri(3ov

8e

CTTCI

eis

*cat

KaATrrjs At/^e'ra.

rwy 'Ap/cdSwy

o-vv-^A^oy,

'

/cat

aap.fvo.1

re

?)cr7rd^bi'To

TOV aiytaXou Trpos TO> At/ueVt

rrfv f}fj.epav rjvAt'foirro CTTI

Description of the harbour of Calpe.

'O 5e

no

KaATrrjs

BufavTiou*

TO

fxev

effTi

OVTOV

Ai^y

8e ef
eis

TTJ^

KetTat ey

TT;

/Lte'tra)

^aAaTTjj tipo-KtiiJ.tvov

0aAaTTaz> KaO-ijKov TitVpa

a.Ttopp<a' 6 8c avxyv TOV \<t>piov, 6 ets T^

effTt

SINOPE TO CHRFSOPOLIS.

VIJ.

TTTapa>v it\tdpu>v eorl TO evpOS' TO b% evTos

TOV

av^evos

aiytaXcu' irpbs ecnrepav.

avrrjv

6a\aTrav

Ti]v

^yAa 8e

ecrrt

r?)

OaXaTTr).

CTTI

et/coai

virb

viib

6e

ct?

em

r]

X^pa KaX^

eort,

oiKovpevai'

otTTrpta

fj

yap

ra aXXa Trdvra,

/cat

yi]

</>e'pei

}j.e\ivas KOI

/cat

f]fj.epas

bvo'

(rrpartwrai TrdVres (rvv-rj\6ov,

TIS

vvTepov

fj.vr)(rde[ri

U.VTOV

Jjf.

ov/c
/cai

dyopa ov8e/xta
eTnei''

^)wy

TT/

/cat

noie'iv

KOL

v rotavrrj'

Want

8e rptrjj

eTrotrjcratTO

'AerwaTos

yap ra

/j,e/>

irap-e'Xa^Se

iiap-rjv.

e/c

CTrtTT/Seta

em

ot

boy^a,

et

(T?M I

?/8rj

T7)y

"

eneivov

TOIJTOU ol (TTpaTioiTat

pen Ty

avTots,

avT&v

Ttopeiq,

xat 135

6 EeJ>o-

is opare,

TO

lepa

T&V

CTriTTjSe^of So/cei oSi; juot dmy/cTj eTvat 6vev6ai wept

OTJTTO)

ytyrcTat

/caXa,

130

ere-

eirl TT) Tropeia'

eir-e\nrev

<rvv-e\66i>Tu>v be

ar8pes,

^epa

TO orparen/xa,

Xetpt(ro(/)os

eyiyvero KaXa.

K 'il

tf

TT)

army again.

//era rawra ot orpar^yot edvovro

Ta 5e tepa
T^X^OI'T'O'

bi^a

davaTto.

Necoy S

/cef

X^/30

Sacrifices unfavourable.

of pro-visions.
efj.et.vav

/lev

atytaXw Trpos

Resolution passed not to divide the

'EvravOa

<cat

(rCxa KOI ap.7re\ovs 125

icat

eXatwy.

oi 8e "EXXiji'es t(TK.i}vovv ev T<5

^ 8e aXX?;
TroXXat

KOI KpiOas KOI iivpovs Kal

OTjo-ajua

TtX.r)V

aXi^oi^' 120

/cai

cv avTrj

K&^.aC elviv

>cai

avrfj

av-rJKei

eiKoai. oraSious,

baav COTI TroXXoTs Kat jueyaXots ^vXots.

KOI

JI 5

fifl

\(apiov.

cm

^er

/xeo-o'yaiay

Trapa be Oa.Ka.TTav irap-^Ket nKeov

ei>

TOV

vavTTTjy^cnjixa

rovro eort yewSes

cai

oraStoi/s,

be fjbeos vbaros pet

caAa

o)oos

e%wv

TrcVpa,

Trj

em/cpata'a

rr)

avOptamiis

/xvptots

avrfj

Kpi]vr)

Kat

TroXXa

TO

IK.O.VOV

Ketrai

be

XifJL^v

oi/cT/rrat.

fcrrlv

yjApiov

opw 8e

t5/xa?

beoptvovs

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

78
140 TOVTOV."

Ttd\lV t0VfTO CIS TptS,

Kttl

vfTo KaXd,

6 5e "Etvofy&v OVK

orpana/ras,

ei

yiyvoiro

fx?)

TO.

OVK fyiy-

e-ayayeu> ay TOWS

icpa

KaAa.

nal -nd

iratra

fcai

?}
orparta
o-xeSoy
vvrepaiq (OuovTo,
AoCro Trept ra lepd' Kai 7rpo/3ara ftev oi/ceVt ?}y,
p-ef'oi 8e /3oOs (OuovTo' uAA' oi/5e oilrw ra upa

r?}

145

KO.I TO. IcpO.

(/)jj

<caAa.

Unsuccessful expedition cf Neon to procure provisions.

ro/s
e/3ouAfro

IpaicAewTT;^, o? e^)jj

150 Aa/3oiei/

levai

Kai

aurots*

\api(ff6ai

Kw/xas

eipwy

eii^at

fyyuj,

ra

tm

ra

i.

Se

CTTCI

ro

Tjo-ar

a/i/ry,

er rals xca/xais

>cat

St-ctnref-

aurois, KOI aTro-Kreii'ovdiv ou fxetov

155 Koatous'

ol 8e

Aoi-^oi av-ttfivyov CTTI TO

opos.

e/c

aTT-ayye'AAei rts raura TO) Hero^aiyn* 6 5e /3oGi>

yiao-a/^ero?
ol

Se

(fioi'jOei,

/cat

aira-Xafiovrcs TOUS

TO orpaToTreSov.

KOI

avTw

o-i/v

J/8/j

7riAc/cToi

<r</>a-

at'5pc$'

ire^evyoTa? afp-iKvowrai ets

/zej>

a/x^)t

?;Aiou

Sutr/xas

7/y*

160 Kat e^aTriV/js Tajf Bi^t/i'wv Tires fTn-Ti6efjiCvoi TOIS Trpo-

0vAafi TOVS

/xev

TOV (TTpaTOTre'Sou.

/caT-exreiyay,

Toi/s

'

Kat ol

EAArji-es

KOI 8ia>eii' p.ey TOUS iroAfpuous

eu>ar ^v 8e TOIS oirAoij Si-?;yayoi>

165 fxci'ot

8pap.oy eis Ta oT

WKTOS OVK
TJ)

arrc^aAes e8o'Kf t

SINOPE TO CHRVSOPOLIS.

VII.

An

The Greeks fortify their position.

Neon
oe

8e

ftltovro

Se

Trplv

euroooy

TI]V

uyoy aA^nra

Kat

ra oVAa Kai ra
aTT-crd^pfvcrav

Kai

aTr-fcrTavpwcrav

Kat

TrAoroy rJKfv e^

KOI

le/oera

VTO

TU

camp.

eiWu,

u>pav

\(ap[ov,

Kara-AiTroVres rpcls TrvAas.

tas

the

dra-Aa/3oVres

dpiorou
TO

eis

excursion determined upon.

guard

oTpctT^yoi i]yovvro eis TO

r/jue'pa ol

TI)

ol

ioi>'

is left to

TO.

ou>oi>.

KOI

OTtXd,

oe ov/c

Ne'coi'

f-?'e<7az',
eti'at

KaTa-Aixreu.'

e'Sa).

Kai

OVTOI

tooKet

-$1'

TOVTOV

/mev

them
8e

Kai

oiyffTro'pw,

(fy.

Kai

riyov^voi

Trap-teVat cZs
o

rt

TO

icrxot T?)f

eyeVo^ro

irpoadev.

TOV fvavriov,

virep- 180
iT

fdTrei

TO

/ueydAa)

I'aTros

Kat

bia-fiaTtov 185

KOI

Ao)(ayoi/s

Hcro^wy,

0a?j//d<ras

(TTpaTTjyovs
Kai

TT

"EAArj/'es
CTTI

ei

ayvoovvTfs

eAav^et ws Taxto-Ta, eTrei 8e ol

"
NiJy IO-TC, a>
eAefe ToidSe*

-jropeiav,

A^or,
OTI

5e

ol

roi/s

tXa^fiavov Ta

iroAcjutous

8e ol TroAe/xtot

CTrei

TTap-fyyvSxri

Toi

eiro-

Xenophon exhorts

Kco/xwy

TOUS
eK

Ttj'a?

taTrjtrav'

Iffrrfffav,

T&V

o/>aifrt

Aoc/)0i/j

aAAoi

8e

ol

/cdA- 1/5

&

to proceed.

iroAAovs Kai 7rebvs.

TOUS "EAArji'as,
ol

TOVS

yap

rutv

())V\aKa

(fj.d'ov,

*<*>

7/0/7

laitt.VTj$

KaTa

oe

8ia-/3avre?

K1]pvdV

The Greeks hesitate about crossing a ravine.

(nel

airav,

'Ilpa- 170

avv rots oVAots, Toy 8t oxXoy *ai

ot juty 8^ aAAoi
Kara-^evetf awoi.

ai'bpairoSa

Te

79

a/xaxci

M^ v

^K

corrij;

tvOevtie

air-e\0fiv' 190

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

80
cay yap

u)p.ev eTrt TOVS TroXe/novs, OVTOL

fjfj.t'is

fj.r]

Kal TO

cur-teVai euro iroXe

fjifv

eon, TO oe ty-tTttcrOai
Odppos Kal TOIS
TO raTros
195 roDro

ncaK^ocri.

/laXAoy

be

6av[j.d^(a

ns

ei

(frofifpov

vo/jtt

TU>V

elvai.

Ta

tepa

ou Set

n/rrcu OTTOV a

the watchword.

Preparations for the attack,

Victorious charge.

aoo

TatSra
fcnros

enrobe

Tvy\avtv &v.

e/caoros

rj

evropevorTO

;,

8e TO

7rap-?7yye'XXeTo
205

e'cos

ai/jiou,

avTa
e/c

arifjiaivot

TOVTOU <rvV%ia

'HTEMflN.

ol

Trpos-ioi'Tas,

7rci

210 Xaai>Tes

tOeov

$dXay

*ai a/xa

navres

bi-

bf

TOVS

CTTI

^^

iv

T0 ^

eVeiTa 8e Ka^'

ZET^ SliTHP, 'HPAKAH2

7roXe//tot

8e

citl

ba-tfjievov TOVS "EXXr/ras

TrX7jo'iay)i',

TOVS

ol

TOI/S

8e

aXa-

TroXe/xioi

TreXTacrTas.

dXXa

Ttot oTrXtTwz; vTr-rjirta^is Taxi*

naQ-Uvav

liTTreas

irtXTacrTat

01

TroXfpttous*

Kat eTpeTTOVTO

TO.

bopara, evravOa ol

fbeavro avTovs, dXXa e^evyov.

TOVS

TO

CTTCI

bopara *X

(rdXTTtyyi'

TTJ

irap-7J

8e

di/riot,

'5

/uey

bia-(Baiveiv

7rpo/3oX?)y eTreo-^at ^dSrjy,

ei?

17

Trap-ayyei'Xas

T/yetro,

((b-ffafTo*

Kat

TroXe'/xiot

Tip.ao-uov

Kal aTt-fKTfivav

T>V

OVKC'T

SINOPE TO crmrsoroLis.

vii.

The Greeks raise a trophy.

Complete rout of the enemy.

Twy

8e voX.fjJ.LUiV TO

TO be b(iov avv-enrrr]

avTovs.

ol o

Kdl

VTavda

iTnrets

yap

eTzet

8e

ot TreXTaarat fbiuxov

TOVTOWJ,

(Tvv-TaaiJ.voi
TTf ts

OWK ijbeaav.

Xotyov

a>?

^t^

yap

TO'

Oleander arrives

eTTt

TC ^apya/Sa^oy 225

eSoxei

Tiros,

h'TcvOev ot
axnrfp

Xo(/)ov,

^aXuTTar

ircpi

TroAe'fiiot

Sico/cojuerot

ITT-

VTTO 230

o-Tr/o-ajuei'ot

Tpo-

?yXiou

Dispute about the

from Byzantium.

7/8r;

o ot "EXXrjres

OVTOI/?,

vTr-eSe'^eTO

iTrireas

avTots teVat

ai>a-irav(TaivTO.

Tf^appTjKoVes

ol 8e e7r-ar-eX0oVres Kat

a77-?]e<rav

Ol

ait-edavov'

TOUS Bt0vz>oi)s

nopfvovTai..

bi)

VUT70?

Kat

em

(frevyovai Kara TOV

tTTTrecoy

ctSoz;

ot "E\X?ji'es

(Tvv-a6poto[j.vovs

em

220

avrois'

raiy TroAffuooi', TroXXot oyres, <f)6[Bov Tiap-

ITI o-uy-eTrrjKoy,

/cat

levai. ?/8rj

eTT-eKeirro

oAtyoi 8e

Kal 8i-e'<nreipay TO Se^toy avrajii'

ol

etvai.

paorov

ovv evdvs

Traiaimraj'Tes

ov)( inr-f^fLvav.

evel be ot "EXXiji'es

X6(j>ov.

eloov O.VTOVS UTro-jzeyoi'Tas, eboKei

eV

evOvs bi-e(mdpr],

evd>vvp.ov

p.(i>

em

81

spoil.

be "EXXij^e? ci^raC^a e/ueyoy KXt'arSpoi' Toy ev Bv-

{aj'Ttw ap[JLO<TTi]V, Kat TOS rptr/pets Kat

Ta TrXoIa.

Kat ews 235

/mev TO ffTpcirevp-a KO.Ta-fj.evot ava.-iravoiJ.fvov, (-rjv TO?S

ffTpari(oTats teVat CTTI Xetav,

aurryy'

eX0wi> Xa/3ot TI, tbo^cv flvat

KAeWSpos
TO be

feat

ot

i-t6vr&

eXa/x/Sayof

oTTOTe 8^ Tray TO CTTpaTew/xa e-i'ot, et Tt?

x<wpts aTr-

a^-tKi'erTat

crTpdrevfJia

brnj.6o-tov.

H^wv bvo

eTvyyjavev e(t> ov, ore oxp-uceTO'

uXXot Ttfes (pxovTo \topls eni \etav,

npdfiaTa'

Kat cy TOVTW 6

Tptr/pet?, irXolov be ovbev. 240

<^o/3ov/xei'0t

8e

f/j)

oi elXrjtyevav

crrepridelfv

KOI

TroXXa

TOVTM, Xeyovvt

SELECTIONS

82
Aft7777<o
?

70)

2ia-cra>(rai

ru

FROM XENOPHON.

TO

AczKcoi'i

lipcr/fAdy

ra -po'^ara,

01)70?^

*cai

KcXcuovcnv ai>Tov

Kal

ra /xey eauroi Aa/3eu

rriaiv a7ro-5omu.

Sfrici/J disturbance in

the

army.

Cleander threatens

extreme measures.

EvOvs 8e 6 Ae't-77os aTr-eAayrei

Kat

on

ot

KAfapx&),
6e KfAeyft

6
6

/utev

TOV

Xafitav

eis

Kal

Htpcv/f,
Tro'Air

Hi)b(fj.Lav

?/ye

aAAoi

flaAarraz.

ol

OVK

6 6c
*f>

airoi/s,

Se'^ecr^ai

TUI'

KOI

OVTO.S

airrou

/^IT)

et

/cat

Trouly

/^T)

raCra.

tK-bolcv rov

Toy

tK-b&Tf

Trpos

dra-o-ray

/it'

TI

d</>-aipe0els
ft/oil,

TOUTOV Tor

crvv~t]yayov TO

ciTrev

"

S>

'Tfzeij n^v,

avbpts,

eya> 5c irapa-o-x'/<ra> ([J.avTov KAtdrS/uo,

av /SoyATjrai."

KAar5por

"'Eyw

surrender himself.

to

offers,

(irrevOev ol a.p%oi-T(s

'Aytwias

265 ^oi^<rai

avros 5e 6 KAe-

urbpa.

Kal

IJLII

d(/>-

e/ri-)(etpoGai

Tody rptripiT^v

((pr/,

w?

ay dAAtoj,

yfi'taOai

Kai

6e

7rdi'Ta>i>

fiaXXdv rov AfTiTTTrof

Agastas

>cai

eSe'oiTo

"EAAf/yes

!(/)?;

ap^dfjievov

'

ai>o--Xf.i>(TaQa(.

6e AaKcSaipioriot TO'TC T/PXO^

(01
(1'To.vda

xat

8e

rut

apTrd^cu'.

'Ayacrta?

orpanairai

TJJV

\eyei

TOV ap-dbi;ra.

nra'

77oAAot

Ae'i7T770i.''

tyvyov
*55 arSpos

5e

ol

airor.

KOI

67:i-)(etpoi!(Tii;

eauroj/

Trpo?

roi/s

bi][j.6aia'

flrj

urpariajrai

ayetv

Ae'^t--o?

atpftrai

raira

OTI

At'yoj'ra?

Ayacriay

VTTO

TaDra

(ifopcuoitTo

xat ol drpaT;yot

Kal 6 dt^p

'Ayaaiou.

fzera

/cat

'Ayacrias

et

KAf'ai>8pe, 6 d(/)-eAd/jieros TOU

urbpa.

TOVTOV

pcv yap olba ai'bpa

OVTQ,

STNOPE TO CHRYSOPOL1S.

VII.

~ov 6e ot5a SeiAoV

virb TTJS orparta?

yap

napa

fiTrj(rdfJida

KOt

TTpO-f'StoKe

uAXos

roof.

Twy ?rapa

TIS

8e

eaz>

i>Sv

6
i

dAAor

oiJre

on ra
iwrajy,

e-ir],

6ia-oxi>o'fie

Trpos

tTratoy

Trpo'jSara

edf TIS

rou ouros \af3utv

raura'

orav

fxei>

OVK

\itvroi.

\pi)

Eya>
oi<

rvv ovv
fie

atrtw/xat 8e

280

/ceAeyaco,

eya>

ovre

ctTT-ire

n)i>

<rrpa-

eir;

ovbeva

ovre

STjjudfria'

171;

yap

iSt'a ATji^Tjrai, OTTOTCLV

/xe

8rjp.ocrta.

raCra

aAA' 285

1/SaAAoi',

rwy

So'y/za

<rrpana

r]

elTro/

'
1

ex roy-

vyey, ira Aa/3o>y ro eavrou /uep09

"

ra XP 7//-107 01 ^apa ro So'yjua. 290

ft
'Ewet rotwv 7re7roir//caj
KAeWSpos etTiei;'

rols

rawra 6

"

ovros o/xoAoyet avros d(|>"

o 6e cup-aipeOds (IndV
'Eyw,

Aeta eo~rai

i]

ai'8pa

e77

ot'5e'ra,

ovre

aTro-Kre/'ets

etTrci/'

roy ai>bpa'

rov df8pa."
KAe'arSpe,

ep.e,

7re7rot/j/ce

Trdp-eore Tipo? rr/y Kpiaiv.

rtai'

TOCOVTOV

oSy,

8e au a77-f/ycs avrov,

dAAa KpirfaOai.

/3ta/',

Kara-AtTToVres roV8e

a7r-e'5pa,

Ae'^tTTTios

KOI

re

KXe'ar5pos

roi;,

7;aa)((iv

270

Cleander reserves h'n decision.

cause pleaded.

CLVTOV

ifovrjpoi'.

Tif.vri]K.ovr6pov, ?/s

TOU70U

et

d^o-Kreii'jjs

rairra

K.a.1

OVK ay eTrotTjaa ovSey TOW- 275

aoiS,

ai'fia 8eiAoi

6t'

OTpaTltitTCLS.

rov avbpa.

oyro?, a(^)-L\ofJLT]V
?/

ap^iv

TpaTre^bufTtajj',

rOVS

orra

re

83

Aj/arais

rawra, Kard-//et'e, u>a

(cat

Trept

(r

Successful intervention of Xenophon,

Mera

rairra

"v
Ae'yei'
ecrri

aoi

Hei'o^oiy eA^coy wpos

E)(eis M^'^
-Troi^rrai

ir^pt

roy KXtavbpov

KAe'arSpe, roi/s d^Spas, xal

TOVTMV o

rt /3ouAet*

in;j;

e-

8e ol 295

aiTow'Tai

(TTpaTi&Tai

POV\T]

300 raDra

avruu',

fjyelo-Oai

Kat

eurt

KAeayO/Jos

auTos

icui

ti^S/ie

OeXoviTL

caj

/3ov\wrrai

nal

ai'bpf,

*at

trot

TO)

cos

Kocr/uot

aicomras

ap^ovTi.

" 'AAXa KOI

a7ro-5iSw)ui rw

ei7rei>*

Trap-eVo/xai

cay

xai,

v/nj>'

ol

fjyiic

'Ex Tourou 6
tye'rero

T/x

army

(ntl

"EtvofyGnrri.

avT&v.

reach Cbrysopolis.

(Ovfro

KAe'ai'Spoj

305 rtciras eiruKroi;? UVTO.S,

jiy(fj.ii)v

ro>

(rtyim.

iiu-bei^eiv

TTfiOeaOai

Cleander departs.

(|>iAoj

Sovran

ere

KCU \m-i.ayyovvTa.i aoi avr\ TOVTUV, fav

aito-KTfivfiv.

IJLIJ

(irl

Se

rf}

ew/>a

liopfiq,
roi/s

not

arpa-

Kat fxaAAoi' (7^-edvfj.fi

eVet /xeWoi

OvofJLtvtp

awrw ra Upa

auy-KoAecras TOV? orpanjyoi/s

ra tepa ow ytyi/erat, (Sore f-ayfiz>

KaAa,

cyiyi'TO
"
'E/xot

310

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

84

/xer

i^cis

2e

jy/jiet?

Se

/ZT)

aOvp.e'iTC

bf^o^fOa

/caAAiora.

o 8

v/jtas

TOVTOV
>

(VfKa,

Bi/^ai'Tia),

wy av

oSf KAe'a^Spos dir-^nAet' ol 8c

ncSrat f-fitopevovTO bia T>V ]$idvi'>v'

v/

aAAa

arpa-

Kat atp-iKOVTO ets

Kat

CHAPTER

VIII.

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

/v Greeks cross to Byxantitont

Anaxibius.

and are

disappointed by

Xenopbon confers with Cleander.

'Ex TOVTOV 4>apvafta^os, <pof3ov[j.i'os /IT) ol

fTTt
Tip (dVTov apx^ 1 fSetto Avaij3iov
'

'*

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. % 85

VIII.

8ia-/3t/3a<rat TO oTpaYet>p;a CK
flios

/^er-e7re'/,i\/raro

avro??,

VTr-KT^vetro
(arecrOat.

rtwrai

ei

bia-j3ui(v

et?

bta-j3au>ov<nv

arpancorai

eis

6 'Avaft5

Bv^airioy, iMLvObv

KOI

Bu^arrtoy.

6 'Avai(Bios

e/ceAfuae 8e TOVS

fjitvObv,

ex T?/S Tro'Aecos,
ot

/cat

ex 8e TOVTOU Travres ot arpa-

rols or/jartwrats.

OVK fbibov avrols

TTJS 'Acrtas.

rovs arpar?jyovs Kai Ao^a/ow?, KCU

<us

orpariwras
atrovs otKa5c. 10

aTro-7re/x\^a)i'

on

?/^^oz;ro,

6 8e

eo-^at ets T7/f Tropetay*

OVK et^of apyvpiov

Zeuocpwv

y T<5 dp/xooTTj etTrey aircj) ort /xe'AAoi aTro-T

6 8e KAe'ai'Spos Ae'yet airw'

?/S?;'

dAAa

e^-eA0e

ws

/^ei>

"

Mr)

7rotr/(TJ/s

rots 15

(ru^-TTopeufroV-e^os

8e TO 0-TpaTfVfj.a yeV?jrai ea), TO'TC

evTaC^a

aTr-aAAciTrov."

Het'o^wy Kai 6
eAeyoy

ourco
T(3

yous

e\-et

cruy-KaAtVas
" Ta

/xev

e^-teVat

Tumult at

the gates.

KCOJU.WI;'

TOI/S

oAtyooy,

?)(raf

8e

orpaTr/yous Kat Tois

e7itTj;8eta

Aa/3oVres

e^co

Aa///3ayeTe

8e Tropeyea^e

ts

ec

\eppovr]- 25

8e Kui^tcrKos 8co<m vp;Ty

Tires T<Sy arpaTUtirStv

/^ari.

TrA^y

iratTe?,

eAeye'

&pqKt(ov

ow,

Trotety,

TC aTpaTTjyot Kal ot aAAot ef-Tje

ot

Kat

Tairra.

cai

aTpa.TfviJ.aTi.

Discontent of the army.

aiiT(3

pMrQov" aKovrravTts 8e
8t-ayyeAAou(ri TaTa TW orpaTeu-

Kat ot orpaTtairai dy-apTrao-atTes Ta OTrAa dtovai.

8po'juw Trpo?

TOS TivAas, ws TraAtf ets-toWes

TOS TTvAas* ol

ets T?/y TioAt^.

o~w avT(5 (ruy-xAet- 30

8e aTpaTtwrai Aeyovcrtv airot KOTU-

8e AaKeSat/jtortos Kat ot

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

86 |f

ras TrwAas,

<r)(urai>

uAAoi Se e0oi>
Ti]v

yji^i}v

cis

Tet'xovs

aAAoi 8e T<Sv

Sta-KOTTTO^res ra

ras TivAas, ol 8<

dya-Trerai'i'vovm
cts

-napa

VTiep-j3aii'ov(Ti

Tro'Aif. _

rr)i>

eryy>(ai'0f tvbov oyres,

orres ets-TuVroufrii'

77)2;

AnaxlbiUi sends for reinforcements.

General panic.

'O 5e

at

flaAarray,

rats a^tVat?

K\tWpa

eKoWes av-oi^ovaiv.

ol TroXTrai

JUT)

CTTI

TOV

35 0rpaTta;rd>;', ot

e^a)

ei

E(vo(f)<ai>,

is

et6e ra

yiyz'o'/xtra,

SeiVas

fxrj

40 o\A(o
TT/S

etrrco

ras

TrvAwc.

T<3i>

dyopa?, ol

f Tiiyyjzvov

^(v

cts

01

TO

TW

Bu^drrtoi favyovviv CK

8e

Ta TrAota,

ol

8e ot/caSf

oo-ot

8e

oires cf ToTs otKOts ZOfov f^co. ol 8e xa^-tAKOi'

ws

T/3t?ypets,

cy Tats Tpn'ipetrC

(rco^otiro

loovro ri]u Tro'Aiy

45 fts T^fy

ap7rayj/y, truy-cts-TriiTTet a~vv

e^

arparev/Lxa T/iciTrotTo

?}A60Ke'i'at.

Trd^res

6 8e 'Ava^t)3tos /cara-8paju.a)i' eVi

aKpav.

8e

Se 'EreoVtKos a7

'

yap

e*>

^a

uTol etyat U-arol e/c-^SaAetf TOUS "EAArjvas.

Xcnophorfs device

Ol
50 awTu)

8e orpartwrat,

cos

Kal

" Ni;v

Ae'youffi*

e\cis

TC af drj/aais
6

8e

&)$

Ta)(i<TTa."

auroi/s'

aoi

e-faTiv,

aySpas Toa-ouTovs. I'Sr, i ^SoyAoto, 01;

xat ?//xf is ay Trou/o-ai/uev ae ptyav."
"

ei

ciooy zfvotyiavTa,

^as,

dTT-6fcptVaTo*

55 TaC'Ta*

to restore order.

'AA,Aa

eu

TC

AeyeTe,

7Ti-0u/ierre TOUT&H', BiaQe. TO.

TauTa 8e

(tire,

/SouAo'/xeyos

jcai

owAa

Kai e/ce'Aevtrt TOVS Aoxayoi/s Trap-ayyeAAeiy

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

e/cetro,

fvOvs erdrroyro' eVel Se ra oTrAa

ot 8e

rot? orpartcdTcus.

crvy-Ka\tl

Eerofpaiy

87

feat

arpariav

TTJV

Ae'yet

60

rdSe'

His advice

the

to

own

by our

"On

fj.V

'

army.

not ruin our cause

?/j

rashness?

avbpes orparujrai, ov

Z>

opyi&aQe,

Z,f/

e^a rovs
/cai

s,

(L>-dv(j.tlfr9(

ravTYjv

8t-ap7ra(ra)/>iei'

earai

evrtvOev.
xat

rois re AaKeSat/ixoiHots

TroAe/xtoi

Ttfr(7a0e'pi'r;s 8e

?//juy.

7ioAep,tot

1(112;

7)877

rots 65
'A9rj-

avfj.fj.a)^oi,

ovroi 8e -naures eo-ov-

vaioi 8e 7Tpos-yeye'i'7;i'rat fKetyots'

vroAAot

avrCtv (ruju/xd^ots'

rots

8e AaKeSatjuo^tots ol 'Axatot VTi-apyjavai

rai TToAe/xtot

rr/y
jixey

aAAot /3ap/3apoi

/cat

8e

aijros

^r^,

]8a(7(Aei/s
- 7

avrov,
V

|U7 /,

aTT-oAco/xe^a,

rots

/cat

ot

f]fJ.eTepois

(^t'Aot

etatf

7ro'Aty 'EAAfj/'t'Sa,

8o/cet

etTrety

Tro'Aiv

7rot7i(Toz'res

)(di ety
f

avra)

rwy

on

re

0TAots

at

on
8e

OVK e-a7rarcop.eyot, dAAa

TrarptVt

yap

aTparevcrovTaL e0' 75

dAAa

JUT)

/ix,7;8e

Travres

et

e^-aAaTrd^op.ei'
ep:ot

Trap-eAiiAy^a/xey

/3t'atoy,

eay

TOLS

?/A0o|uey.

TT-pwrTjp

'Ayai/3t<i>,

StKatcoy*

KOI

ot/cetots.

7rot7/(70)j(Tiz;,

77^

oiiSey

xat

TroAeo-ty,

ro?jro
et?

/ixcuwo/xefla,

ovres

TroAe'jutot

ey rats

Kat 8uai'a>s

7/fxas*

ovrw

^ewi',

Trpos

TOLVVV

ets

7retpw//et'ot

rTJ^cojixey,

rT^y

rvy-

877Awfrop,ey 80

7re:0d/ievoi,

e^-

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Order

Xcnuphon takes leave of the army.

restored.

Many
TavTa

/cat

e'8oe,

Tovrojr.

TI

Syj-atTo

on

KAe'a/'Spor, e/ce'Aevey

ov/c

ets

8ta-7rpao'/^ei'os

cTrtri/Oeto'i'

TOVTOV

avrbv

yap

Ae'yet

et

Si/ "E(vo(j)0)i> dvr-i/et

jut'AAft?

ri/9

(Trpari/yot

8e

St-et/^'po^ro

\povov

a7ro-8t5o'p;ej>oi

ot 8e

MdAa
'Ayaft'/^to?, on
?7re*

o/xws 8

avrw."

o-i/y

etaco rou ret^ous avv KAed/'Spw.

oD

"

TroAecos*

e/c-TrAeiy

Nf'wt 8e Kat dAAot orpurijyot ^n-i^vov

ot

aTro-TrAeJo-eif;

eart rows //ey orpancoras TrAi/m'oi' etfat

t,

/cat

Tiept

ot

xat

6 KAe'arSpo?

I'/KCO.

'Ayat/3to)

/^era-/meAr/croi

OLa-Trpa^arrOai, Joi

Tro'Aty

^wrra 5e eubov

95 p-fy

ov

airos /SovAeycrotro
K

TT)I>

f\du>v 5e

Bu^arriov.

jwdAts

/cat

ayaQov.

awroy TraAty tts-e'A^ot

90 CK

on

aTT-e/cptVaro,

85 avrots TT(i6op.Voi^ dAA'

TOO

dyye'Aovs

7rejU770tmz>

5e

soldiers desert.

CTTI ri)

dAAi/Aots TTfpt

crrpana'

ri/s

AOITTT/S

TioAAot

8ta-Tpt^3op.eVou,

rwy

rd owAa a7r-e7rAeoy ws (bv-

bi-wneLpovTo /card ray TroAets.

raura To^rioy yd/)
1

/idAiora

Arrival of Aristarchus.
5e

Avaifii<a

ApCarap\oyt
105 KOI

AvafcifilOf

TcSf

6 8e,

Kvpou
CTret

diro-TrXeovri

8id8oxos

r]A(?ef

is

CK

KAedrSpw

eTrt-ore'AAei

orpantoTcoj/

rejoins the

Xenofhon

rul

Bv^ainr^ov

crvv-avrq

Bi^ayn'ou

'Aptordp^a)

oTroVovs ay

evpj;

army.

dpjuorrn/y.
a7ro-8o'(/^at

Bu^dyrtoy, a7r-e'8oro OVK

cAd

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT,

VIII.

e/c

rerpaKocricoz.'

KeAevet

riaptoj.',

TOVTOV 'Ayai/3tos,

ets

Eewx^aura

'Aaiav.

ri]v

HtpivOov
rat

cos

pev

CTTI

O.VTOV

eoe^ai'To

acrjuei'oi,

Kal

dc/>-tK/>etTat

Trapa-TrAewcras

Si-etTTrap/Aeyoiis r<Sy

8ta-7rAw(ras

Eez'0(/>&H>

TO oTpdYevjua'

^8ecos,

Kat

CK

8ia-/3^iTo'^fvot

eis

eni TO arparev/^a

TrAeCfrai

ws Ta^tcrra, Kat ffvv-a0poifiv TOVS

89

ot 8e

ev^vs

avTai

ctTroyro

T?/f 115

ets

0paK?jy

TJ;S

els

orpariw-

'Acriaf.

Arlstarchus forbids the Greeks

Xenophon goes
6

&pq,

to cross into

Asia.

to Seuthes.

Tre/xx^as

M>;8o<Ta8f;z;

Trpos

avrov ayety Tj;y orpaTtav Trpos

Kat vTT-tTyi'ovufj'os TroAAa OVK
ei>

t\9<i)i>

/s,

e-Trt

fx?j

TifpaLovaOai

art

*Avalj3ios

ts

TO aTpftTeu/xa,
T//y 'Acriay.

ef

'Az'a^t'iStos

'?

^eots, eTTft

5ta-7rAeii(rai.

OVKCTI

/^.e/;

ap/jtoar?/?*

et/xi

r ^ y woAty.

8e

et

KaTa-8vcrco

0aAaTT?;,

T?}

y (pxero

TOI^V

E^o

f<

eyw 8e eyTav^cz

A?/\//op.ai

o 8e

avTovs

fKe'Afucrey

'AptWapxos eAeyev
errTt,

etTie

VVKTOS

eyyv?

(Tfl

avTou,

vavapxo's

avTo'y."

6 oi> Hei'or^

Ta tepa eyeVeTo Ka\a,

TTap-e'Aa/3e

ort

\o^aybv KOI aAAou?, *cat

TO 2ev^ou OTpaTeup-a.
8e
e?7et

Trpo-Tre/xTret

Het-'or/xSj;

eppj^e'a,

Trap-earl

8'

Tira v/xw^ 125

TOV 'Adiivaiov
TJ/S

Kat

/3ouAo'/izei>os

KeAevet

IIoAu4>X TO
?/<ray 130
etT

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

9O

Conference ivith Seutbes.

'O 8e
'35

os

dj>5paj,

8e

fTret

/3ovAoi70.

eis-TJA^oi*,

zevoip&v eTT-T/pero 2ev#rjz; o TI fiovXono \prjrr9at.

np&Tov

orparta.

77}

aKovrras eKe'Afurre "Efvo^Stfra ets-eA0eu',

Sfvtfrjj

(\ovra 8vo

wwr

7/pX 6

"

flnev

w8f

re

aAAojf rwy yetroVwy.

8e

/cat

Mat(ra87js /xey 6

e/jios

orao-ta-

8e

rciiy

eret

/SarrtAei.
iji'

Kal LKfTfVov CLVTOV bovvai

'45 /cat

/ji)

KVCDV

/lot

cbr'

aAAorptas
Syratro

OTTOCTOVS

?'/

Kal v\iv

rovrous fx wv ^ r? t Co~

<3

eyci)

e/xaurov Tiarpuav \<apav.

t

p'a5tcos

/uot, oco/^iat

raCrd

dpx^-

" Ti
our,"
TT)

8'

<ri/

troi,

8e'ei

and makes

6 Hf2'O(/)wi',

i/77-'r^ero

" au

liberal promises.

a/> Svi^ato, ei f\doifj.fif,

dAAa

?/juas

Trapd

eis

cai TOIS (T7pa7/-

airots /uta^of, Kat

"

are,

'55 l*tvov.

Se v/xer? T>apa-

ay a

7e (TTpaTia Kal rols Aoxayoi?

yois;"

efpTj

^orii;

Setithej states his terms,

Taura

(K TOVTOV 5lCO(Tt p.01 TOVS avftpd? KOU TOV?

\jfffrdf.

150

8e

eroc/xSy,

e<^r;

TIS

^>o'/3as

77

r^y aeaurov x^P

(re;"

8'

ia

fi

aTio AaKeSat/xoi'icor,

eiTre'

apa

"

o*7 01

/SovAw/jtc^a

""Eorai raura*

uat

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

av bvvb)^(.Qa uraadai.
Ovyarepa, Kal

paKUd

ct

Kai 8co(Ta)

vo'juw,

Ataro'r earty

trot

<TCH

roii' CTII

e/jtot

Xenophon' s address

the

to

and

Ov/dr^p,

avTi]V

(oznjtro/^at

OTrep KaA-

Bio-di^y oueiv,

6a\a.TTr]

'

army.

Let us jirst get provisions,

what

then settle

'AKOWCHTS raura

rr]v 160

EeycKpou', Swcra)

3>

Se,

aoi eort

ri's

91

to do.'

a,Tt-i]h.avvov'

Kal eA0o'/.Tes

ro

CTTI

KOI 165

aTT-^yyetAay Trdrra rots rrrpartwraty.

dra-aras cnre rdSe'

'^o /3ouAo'/xe^a, ov

yap

KcoAvet

tr;re

Trpos

2ev'6fys 8e

r;/u.as.

jixej;

ow

^criv

Soxet

T)

'Apurrap^oj

ecrrty,

eS Troujo-ety vjuaj, edv

vvv ovv (TKtycxrOf,

avrov.

jueYorres /3ou/\eweo-0e,
e/xot

""Ai'Spes, 8ta-7rAetr /ley

8i;yaro'f

e7r-ar-eA0et^

Z'0d8e

Tiortpov

i-n-av-(.\06vr^s ets rd

rd?

ets

7Ttr?/8ta. 170

o^y

/cco/xas,

rd firm/Seta* exet 8e lx OI rf? T d

o^Oa 6 n av SOKT) KpaTKrrov etrat.
'

"
'(p?j,

ravra
"

airaires.

Kat

eTretSaf

i'\vrrj(jv

rayra Hero^wy /uy

avTois'

Kal

eiTre

(TTpaTevfaOai
fjuadov'
\i'l\l/e(r6e
e'^co,

criTa

r^? \(apas.

TT)I>

TOIVVV,"

and promises

to

^tpa.
" trv-

l(/)?j,

luecr^e

rts,

7rap-ayye'AA?j

Seuthes repeats bis proposals

Mrd

dra-retfdra)

8o/cei,

'Aw-iorres

the

175

roi

army,

?/yerro, ol 8

"

rotdSe*

avv

'Eyw,
Kat

ejuot,

dz'Spes, 180

VTr-to-^t'oC/xat

Se Kat Trord, cocrTrep KOI

oTnxra

tfa 8ta-rt^eju,eyos raura

8'

ay

'ttopifta

a\CcrKr]Tat

vp,lv

rov

*>{)*>,

avros

FROM XENOPHON

SELECTIONS

92
185 6 8e

He^o^wf

aets TO
eTjra

Flocroi' be airo

0aAdrr?7s

orparei'/Ma ;" 6 8e aTT-e/cpiV

em

meww."

8e

TroAAaxr)

r/fzepwv,

Tracrt

"

eTr-rjpero avrov'

TOVTOLS

o-

Heraclides gives Xenophan

Seutbei entertains the Greeks.

sage counsel.

Mtra ravra
e

190 T?/yovs
el

ol y^ef

cat

6e ?}(raf

aAAot faKijinjvav Kara ra^tts, arpa-

em

ewt

2ev^/;s e/caAea-ey

Aoxayow

Oupais, ws Trap-to^res

eirt

SeiTr^ot .

8et77i>oi>,

^v

'IIpa/cAei8js Map<yiTr;s' ovros Trpos-eA^wy rw Sero" 2)u /cat

Tro'Aecos /xeyiarTj? et, xal irapa
eAeye*

TO o-oy

01'ofj.d errTi

195 /ze'yiara Ti/x^rrat

atof.

Stvdqv, 8ovs avrw

evrous 5e aot

OTI OCTw

af fj.dov

wv

yap eixe^ ot>y,

^ p.iKpov

em

TO

ixav,

Trpos

cavTai

yap

SetTTfoy,

axravTcoy.

ol

KOI

TO??

aproi

OVTOI

eater.

5'

/^eyaAoi
Kat

Kpe'aat.

Trapa-Ket/xeVou

aAAot, Trap' ols

Apxa?

oi

fKa

5 e'xAa <caTa ii.LK.pov, K.OL cppiTiTe rot's 5ei7rroOo-i, KOI

Kat

aya^a

7)71 o'pei"

A great

5e TpuroSes eis->/ye'x^/<Tay -nacriv'

TOIS

ev

juei^o)

TI

Thracian manners.

8e eis-7jA0ov

<roi C

exj?

TauTa Hct'ocpwy

aKoi;coy

'ETT<I

ay

Tovrw, TOO-OVTO)

Trei^ei VTTO rowrou.

TrA?/^

aior ouy
o TI

irap-au'<2 TOI^TO*

8cup^(T7/

T^f banquet begins.

200

ptyurTov.

ot

Ta

/cpta

Tpt7ro6es

5e Tty, 'Apy(TTas
Aa/3cay 81

apTor oo-ov Tpt-xotVtKOf, Kat depevos Kpe'a

ovojj.a t

ets
7it

T?/y

TO yoVara

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

be Kepara otvov, KCU -navTzs eSe- 210

-jrepi-e<pepoi>

6 bf 'Apvoray, eTrei 6 olvo\6o$ tt/jepe Trap' avrov

XOVTO'

TO K^pas,
<f

Aus

93

rov Eejw/xSi'ra

Ibtov

eKeti'O)

TOP oi^oy

$i]s

rr)i

OUTT&)

eyw yap

<l>(i>in}v

8ei7rz>owra

ouKeYi

Ivravda

The banquet

a dilemma.

extricates himself from

Xenophon

eAA7j- 215

yap

eyeWro.

ye'Aa>s

p.(i> bi)

aK-

cr)/oXa^co."

roy OU'OXO'GV ri Aeyot.

?)'p<ura

otro^o'os erTrey avr(j> o rt Aeyot* r/7rt'crraro

V.

elTre'

concluded.
K

KOI
d)

TOVTOV

Aa^3cby

5to)p.i

TOV

alprja-eis

uiTo-(f)fv^(L.

aAAo?

aAAos

r?)

i/xarta

Troto?

fKadtjTo

8u/>p<o StvOij'

ro Kt'pas.

ro

/ce'pas,

vw

vitfp

elTrf

<roi

roCroy

TOI;

7ro/\e'p;io^,

TraiSa

wj

yap,

5e

ITpo-Tru'a)

ri/mco/xei'os,

e<p'

a.itf>-\uif>G>v

paStco?

"TJITOV,

eSajpr/craro,

ev

?}7TOpeiro

r<5

ot

o rt

7rA?/ffiatrar(j)

'Eyw

6e

^appaAecos, 8ea/iei'o? 225

(rot, a>

rovrov? eraipous, (fuAov? etfat

ep:oi;s

dAAa

e^eAoucri xai -novtiv

aov Kai irpo-KtvbwftieiV KCU juera TOVTU>V

KTTjo-et,

220

KOI

6 8e oa'c^oos evravOa Tipos-i'ii'fyKfv ai/rw

Trpos-airoCo-i' ere ovSef,

^(apav

TToAAous 8e

rrot,

ou KOI

"Etvo^&v

o 8e HefO(/)(3y &v-fOTH

TTarpway

7roAA7jy

airo-A?j\//ei,

ITTTTOVS,

TroAAovs 8e ar8pa9

avrot 7rap-e'(ro^rat

a^a-o-ras 6 2ev^>js avv-ZTti*.

avros 2ei;^?;s

juaAa (\a(f)p>s.

ai/-e'(cpaye'

5e

rr\v fj.lv

aAArjv

Krjjtrei*

230

yv/'aTKas KOTOTrpo's ae 8wpa."

/cat

</)e'poircs

rw Heroc/jwirf

raCra ds-i)\0ov rtvcs a^Aovvrts

/cat

Kat

"

ct5-ayaya)y
6

yvvoMcl.

KOI eiTrev'

rov xat TOV?

Kai

oti'ou

ftecrroy

xe'pas

KOI

^e^ry,

bi.u>Ku>v

ei9-e

/cepaa-t re

/cat

Kat

p.era

<raA7nyt.

re TroAe/xtKor, KOI ef-?/Aaro

ds-fifaav b( KOI yeAwroTrotot.

2 3S

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

94

He goes

Seutbes proposes to strike a sudden /j/o-iu.

reconnoitre the enemy.

dm-oras

'fls ce 7/Atos eSJerOj 6 2eu0>;s

240

oi>/c

taacrt

CTT'

avroi/j

TTCO T?)I' ?//xere'pai>

7rpa

av^a^iav'

77oAe//

kav ovv

(fwXd^a'rOat, p-aAiora ay Aa/Sot/iei

01 6e

ar^pcoTTODS KOI xp?;/jtara."

raCra

et/re Trpos roi/s

"*Ii di'Spes, ot

Tajy 'EAA?}i>Ci>if aTpdTrjyovs'

to

Kat

arpaTr/yol avv-tTi-fivovv
<(
6 5e etTre'
FTapa-

(cm 6/ce'Aeuoy OLVTOV iiyftnOai.

KCU
'

'Hi't/ca

245

Se TreATaff-rat

fVet 8e

ry/jte'pa

tirfvde.
re

tTTTrers

TrdAtv

Ot\y

ai;ros

j^

w7rt(T^of/)i;Aa/coi;y.

eAfyey
roi/s

yap

\i'](rofj.(v

dAA' eya> /ii'

Tr

5'
1

/cat

TroAe/itous

?/yj/o-op:at rots I-TJVHS'

inrep-fiavTes 5e ra op>;

r/^o/jiey cts

eTrt-

ii/xers

5e

Kwp.as TroAAa?

/cat eCSai'/

TZv enemy are taken by surprise.

55

8'

6 2ev^?;s exeAevae TOVS "EAArjyas

T/KC

orat, ea^ ^eos

7r<ToVTes.

ot

etTro^ro,

T/V,

250 <TK(\l/ap.fro$ be

KOI ol /aey

oTrAtraj.

/cat

cu'a-Trawecr&H'

/cat

Uti'dv

vvxras, Se^/j? -napT]v

fifcray

a/i^)t

7yj>

TreAraoras

<cat

iirireas

ot

5'

'Hvi'jca 8' 17^ a/i(/H

rot? a/cpots*

ptaov

Seuthes burns their villages.

?}/xe'pas,

6 2ev^?j?

"

rovs /xcv

roi>5 oirAtVas

icat

KaTa-^ety

TO irtbiov, roi/s 8e weAracrras

t'fXftj

ts

ZitvO(

H\tycv
<Ls

26o"EAA>ji'es fiirovTO.

X^v TpiaKovra
" Ol

fit

/8r;

T}V

ciri

Kar-t8a)V ras Kw/^tas Tyxev cAay^oav wpos

<cat

Ta^tora.
7rct

iTTTreas,

avOpwiToi

'A<p-7/aa)

/xera

?y8?j

CTTI

Tas

raDra w^ero,

tTTTrt'as

/cco/xas'
/cat

ol

8e T/crav ^v rats K<^MU9

Trpos-cAdo-as etTre

fyovTai

tv

rats

TW

/cco/xats,

dAA' ov

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

dAuiKoyraf

01

botKa

TroAe'/jitot

ol

p.1)

fpydcrooyrat

ey

/ze'yety

" 'AAA'

tTTTrei?

KCLKOV TL.

;pids

8e Ke'Aeue

KCU

?;//coy

etcriy

yap

Heyo^wy,

KAedfopa

yfvofjifvoi

o5y rims

et

/ue'orat

e'(^j

*at

ofyovrai StcoKorres,

ari-orrdyres

ra? Karats,

eya) /xef,"

crw

a/cpa'

ydp

95
8e-

aOpooi

Kara- 265

dr^pcoTrcoy."

"
Kara-A?]\//Ojixai

Trapa-rea-ai r?)y

ra

0dAayya

'

6ia rou TreSt'ou Trapa rd? Kw/xas.

O.VTOV'

rfi

ro're /jiev 8?y T]\)\l(rQr](Tav

vaTfpaia 6 SfvOtis, /cara-Kavaa? ras Kw/aas, 270

5'

a77-?/a TrdAiy.

in

Encampment
'EK roi;rov

2ei50)/?

piv&ov aTTo-^ocrOaL

rep

Aetap,

ri]i>

?)y

0wot

Se

o otfos 6 eV TCHS
dyyetots'

CTTI

7rt

eo^e

roS opovs

/x?j

eirrparoTreSeuorro

eK-AtTroVrcs ras KW/XOS 275

EAA?^a)y TroAAaiy Kai

8e

r'

KOI awros fxey eo-K?/ret ey raj TreStw' o 8e

,

01

8e dAAot

errKrjyet
"

6tirrov,

Kat rcoy

ptres Kat cora ctTr-eKaiWro.

yeWtro rou

fj.i<T0o$

TroAA?/ /cat

^tw^

ror, (ware ro {!5wp, o tyfpovTO

avroC, ?^a ot

OTTCOS

ot "EAAfji'ts

ot 8e

ui'w^ 7re8to).

ecfcevyov ets ra op?;.

'llpaKXfibr]^ et? Ile-

uTT-eTTf/axl/ej;

aCros 6e xat

arpartwrats'
e/.'

Intense cold.

the plain.

^wrra)

r?/

KCO/XTJ

VTTO ro

opetVots

y^

Ets 8e

opovs

//

attach

r?/y eTr-towcray

tTTt-rt'tfeyrai

from

yyra

ro?s "EAArjcri.

ras 0ypas iKacrrov row

yyot eA^oVres fK roD 285

CTTCI

otKrjjixaros, ot

8e fv-fTTLfjiTTpcKTav ras oiKtas'

t

the Thracians.

ot

Kat

n\v

5'

eye'yorro Kara

ets-rjK-o'yrt^by, ot

KaAowres Hey

eKe'Aeuoy aiirov ef-to'yra a7TO-^y?/(T/ceiy.

Kat

290 re

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

96

((j>a(vTO 8ta TOV op6(f)ov, KOL ol Ttfpl TOV Eei'o-

TTi/p

(fr&VTa i}vav ti'bov.

(K T<J;

/uet>

SiAai'o? MaKtVrtos

5?/

crTrcio-aiTes

olKiiiJ.aT(iii>

KOI 01

yov

fVTavda

Kal eiiOvs TraWe? oi"EAA?7J>es

ret TT) (ra\Tnyyi'

avraiy

Ta ^nj.

oe

ui/w/;

Iwra
ji;

The Ihracmn

tribes

/cat

rw

e^eu-

aTi-tOuvov'

T>V

KU>IJLJ]S.

O-KO'TCI

trpcocray

ovSetj oe avrutv a-n-e

'EAA?jra>i; CLKOVTIOI.S'
0-1/2'

8e

^co r?/s

ev

Ttres, V7ro-or/)a(/jeWes

?*(ce

ot 8e 0/ja/ce?

t\ij<f)6iicrav, ot

95 ot 8e "EAA?7i;9 eStcoxoy roiis Aoi7roi)s

o">;/xat-

eK-7T?jSa>o-ti>

iTTTrcCo-i

KCU 6/3o?/^et Tot

TO^ Qpatuov.

mbnut

Generous conduct

Senthes.

to

df Xenophon,
"118); oe o 2ejy^/js et^f fat

300

TpnrXaafav bvva^iv' iroAAot

yap T&V 'Qbpvcr&v, CLKOVOVTZS TO. TTfTrpay^va, crvv-eo-Tpaot 8e

Tfvovro avrw.
urot, eVei etbov anb TOV opovs
TioAAovs
oe

iroAAous

oTrAtra?

nfi>

Kara-^d^res

iTTTre'aj,

8e

i/ctYeuoy

TreAraoras TroAAoy?
aiieicraadcu.

305 2ey0q?, KaAeVas TOV He;^o<pa)i'ra, eTT-eSeiKyyey

Kai OVK

e^/

o"jmo-ao-#at,

aaaOai avTov?.

et

6 8e etTrev

&

5e

Ae'yoier,

Hevo(/>a>v /3ovAoiro Ti/zcop?/-

" 'AAA'
eycoye voyiifa avrov-i

vvv tyfiv tKavrjv biKqv, ei SouAoi (.(TOVTOU avrl e\fvo-v/Lt-/3ouAeyco oSf (toi \afj.f3ai>eiv o^njpous rows

KCL\

deptov.

310 Su^arcordrovs
ot/coi

T/?^

nfVftv."

TI

Troiety,

Trdires ouy

ei>

Greeks are not paid in full.

Mera
T7/i>

cacoy

eay

8e

TO.VTT)

rijs

ye'pozras

Xenopbon unfairly

rai/ra 6 'HpaxAeiST/? irap-ijv

Tinyv

TOUJ

rjj

Aetaj, ^s aTT-e'Soro.

etc

treated.

Ylepivdov, excoy

Sev^jjs 8^ O7r-e8i8ou

VIII.

TOV

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

fjucrdov r<5

etKotrt

orparev/xan

IIpaKAei7js i-Xeyfv

on

" AoKet?

o oSv He/'Of/xSy a^^e<r^ets cure'

Se^ov

K\eu5?7, ou K>/ea0at

av

<ptp<av

TOVTOV,

ay

eSeio-e

ano raw?]?

Kat

Trpos 2ei/6?jy o

KOL

Kat a7r-e'8ou

6 'Hpa/cAei'S^s
i'as*

Se?

a>?

TOV fjuaOdv

ir\ripr)

juoVoy r)fj.(p>V

OVK ep>iroA?/(rete irXtlov

ft

oo

Tr^?

eSvi'aro.

yap 315

Ilpa-

yap
aAAcos fOw

creavrov

tjixdTia.'

8i-e/3aAAe

r}/iepas

ol

320

r%

e/c

e/c-/3A^^ei?j

/XT)

T?}S Aa'as.

juot,

jot?)

TO.

97

/iev

8?)

orpa-

nwrat ey-eKaAour Hfyo^wirt, on OVK ei^of T ^ niadov'

SevOijs 8e ?/x#ero avr<5,

on

evroi'cov

a7r-?/rei

TOI>

fuodbv 325

ovKen (^tAtKws Si-eVetro airw,

rots orpartwroisfj Kat

a>(r-

?rep TO

Sparta wants the army.

'Ei>

Kat

Tovrw

oaijudVtoi

on

ro)

OoAwtKO?

Seuthes entertains the envoys.

\povto a.(f)-iKvovvTai, Xapiuvds re 6

t^Spcoyos, Kat

Trapa

/jieAXoDcrt

crrpareve^at

6 Qifiptav SftTat ravrjjs r?js

VOVVTOLI picrOoi'.

eTret

Aeyoutrty
CTTI

on

01

AaKe-

Tt(ro~a(/)epy^y,

orpartas'

KOI 330

Kat vTr-icr^-

8e ot AaKeSatjuo'ytot T^A^oi',

ev^i/s

" Touro
SevtJrj'
yeytVTjTai KaA'HpaxXe&i)S Ayt
A.IOTOV* ot juev yap AaKeoai/xoVtot SeWrat TOU orpare?;-

TW

JUOTOS, <n oe OVKCTI

8e?j'

eai>

8c d-Tro-StSws ro orpareujua 335

ai/ro??, ot o-rpancorat OTJK^TJ aTT-atrT/aovo-t (re

a\\' aTT-aAAafoiTat

eK

TTJS

^wpas."

roy

aKowcras

fMicrdov,

ravra 6

on
*tvitv

KeAevct ?7ap-ayeiv TOTJS dyye'Aovj, Kat eAcyez;

trj

CLVTOVS

ro vTpaTf.vn.ci Toly AaKeSai/xoiuots, Kat

/xeyaAoTrpeirais.

Hevo^ajira 8e OVK CKaAei

OTparrjya)i>

II

eTri

340

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

98

Xenopbon's character, as

drawn

and Htradides.

by Seuthes

v 7:0105
Eez'ocpajz^

6 2,ev0i]$

ov

(iAooTpartam;s 5e"
" 'AXA.'
8e etTrof

Kafco?,

345 avru).

ot

xal

aropas;"
"

A pa

'

ovi',

aTraycoy^s

T?Js

"
'Hpa/cAet'Sr;?,

350 awro??
*cat

roy

dTT-expiYaro,

on

ra

ns

at ota TCUTO
?)

S^/xayo^yei

"

6 'HpaxXetSj;?,

Haw

aAAa

eaj

x e V oi;

c "?

fj.ei>

6 aj/?/p TOU?

ovv," tyr].

[jikv

" OVK (vai'TiwafTai

i]\iv Tttpi TT}S
<pacrav,
" 'AAA' eai>
o
;"
v/^ers,"
orpaTtas
!(/>?;
1

crvA-Ae'^arres roi/s o-rpartcoraj vTro-a^rrdf

CKorres

/iicr^or,

cri/i;

aTro-Spa/^oCirat

{//xtr.

avpiov a^o/xey i/xa? Trpo? avrovs' KCU oTSa on, cTrctSai/

iScocrti; v/xay,

acr/ifi-oi

avrr] p.tv

cruy-S/JCyxouiTat vp.lv."

?/

j//iepa

TZv Spartam make tbelr proposals to the army, and promise

pay.
Xenopbon accused of unfair dealing.
6

Tif

vcTTepaiq

355 rows AftKtoras

2ev^?/s

re

KOI

'MpcuAeiS^s ayouo-i

~: TO o-rpdren/xa' ra>

ro?? AaKeoatpiovtois

Tf rov iyj&pov Koi A?j\//cr^e rov jui<r0dV."

Tiairai aoyiefoi T/xoucraj; ravra*

360 rwy 'Ap/cd8cui/, Kar-rjyopTja-wj;

c58e'

Trap'

"
'H/ieis /xer,

a>

/cat

rot!

ol

8e arpa-

ew^us dv-to-rarai rts

Hero^airros,

AaxeSaifioVtoi,

cat

cai Xt'

TraAai

oiv

VIMV, (I pr) 'E.tvofy&v aTT-T/yayev ^/xas Seupo*

rovro> 8e orpareno'/^croi KOI VVKTCL KOI fj^epav ovbev TTC7rav/i(0a'

KOI TOJ> /ier 7/fie'repoy piadov auros ex ei >

365 6e aTro-orfpei."

aAAos.

/zero rouroy

5c TOI/TOU "EevoQ&v

uAAos dv-eoTj

(\*(v &OC

/M" s

o/xota>s Kai

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

'

Xenophon's defence,

i.

In all that I have done I have sought

your welfare, and

"

'AAAd -navra

ye

lJ.lv

pot?,

curias

/3ouAo'/zei>os

fj.Ta Se raOra 2ei;^?js

OLVTQV'

dAAa Touro
fTriaTaa-df,

Trpos e/xe

(tiv

avv

roi;rou

(Tvv-\ea

7Toteu.

fi'TavOa

ouy eyw

5e

e^SovAo'^rjz;

Kat jySeuj

'

v/uas,

(V

ots

Trap

TI

ei

bvi'atpjv.

TroAAows ayye'Aov?,

OVK t-n-i\tipr}<ja

/ief

r?/y 'Acrtaf.

ets

ii.

Set Trpos-SoKoV, e

TOVTW,

aK<wcoi> v/xas eij/at ef OTTO- 370

<i^)eA7/(rat

eTre^e

your wishes.'

VTT-tcr^etro' /lot TioAAa, ei TretVat/it v/xa? e\0e'iv TTpos

/cat

rt

KaKa

ex<o Trept

ota8e,

wpjujj/^eVos

j)8/;

at

tried to carry out

p.fv e/Maurw

ye vvv ifi VJJL&V

99

raiJra

cos

TIOK'IV,

yap Kat

OTTWS

v/xas,

evravda

<(

ijuas

380

eSo

ez <?a

'

has cheated me, as we/I as you.' ill. Whatever good

have got by entering his service has been of my procuring.'

Flept 8e TOV [MicrOov, bv e/xe

Ae'yere

aTr-eorepjjKeVai

aAAot orparrjyot

e\a/3oi>,
tiv

Se

raf ^ e-a77aTaa^at.
Trota

Se'ot

ai/i^ 'S.fvOrj.
(

Seitthes

we

8ta-7rAety, ec

^SovAeno-at/ae^a

dyaywy

Se 'Apt-

eirel

Trayres ev^rj^tcrao-^e ieVat

?}St/c;/ca,

en/rot

&t6p.i(pv /Se'Artora

v/xaj jSovAo/ieVous.

rpt?/pe<7ty e/cwAue^ ^/uas

br]

ws

ra^tora 8ta-/3t^aaat 375

cnropt'a

?jre,

8?/,

oWi

//rjSe

iiro

ei

ato-^to'j;

orra

e^tot

7roAep,tov
jixoi

ot 385

TOW
ye

eu-at SoKet e-a7ra-

'Aya-p-MJa^r/Te Se rrpos rowrots ev

ore eya> df-rjyayof v/xay Trpos

II

Sev^y.

39

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

100

flepiudov,

T?/I>

8e
eti>

ovTf

ravra.

fTrei

e^oyra

KCU

eytyrero

Se

eyw

iTTTreas

e7rir?/8eia

?}i>

T)

OL>

TreAraora?, ware Aa/Sea?

aii^a^pv,

i7pos-e'Aa/3oi> ii/xty 2ew^J/v

TTfAraora?, raCra

*cai

cat

o-7rai>ia,

7rpo'/3ara'

Tratra

irpos-

Kai yap ey rats Kw/iats evpitrKo/viey OTTOI*

T)p.ry

KOL

u<l>Ooi'(t>Tpoi',

vp.as

eorparoir

ayo'pdTroSa

owre

iTTTret?

ea>

8e

intai&pioi
TO,

395 V"/3 ^\ojj.fv

aa

o AaKfo'atfJoVios OVK

*v
is

ovKtri

ewpcSftef

oiibtva.

-noXeiJiiov

^oo yap 2ev0fjs Tiap-et^e ravTriv TIJV atr^aAeiaf i/xiv ovrw$

rw

Kat

aiiOpoCfff
fj.Lffdoi> }

e5ei

TL

*/

sacrificed all

ArtT'ir

" Kai ra
/xv

o/)

KUI

ra

405 aycre

8^

8?;,

TroAw

TTaj'i;

/.t?/

aurua

(fj.e

iv.

tt

ax^fr^ai

roi/rou

irepi

aTro 6avf.lv

is

for you;

T)

this

your gratitude f
OTI

<r/ce'\|/a(r0

fl^oif 8e

vfj.u>i>,

410 d?:-epX
u/ioii',

a>y

pte

y<)

raDra TroAAa
tai;

8e

415 v/iiv eTro'fjjTa

v/xa?,

O(TOV

VTrep

up' ov^ vvv

v/xa>i;

xai

xat tcsTricsa^v avv

7}8uraf>i>jv.

t-ectTi TtopfVfffOai OTTOI ar ftov\rjrrd

KOTO 0aAaTraV

ex ere y v ^'l v

^TT(ipaa-dp.r]v

eyci)

v<^>'

8e,

Ae'yere, Tore

yap

/uey

exifSi/i'fuo'a,

TioAAa /3ap/3cipwj; rpoTiaia*

Tipos

e/ue

i-Sf 8e

AaKe8aijuovioy5

Tratr^a), roiai/nji'

Se Troir^rjjre Trept

/cat

TidAtf Trpos i/xas.

^ei' irpos

SfvOy v-ep vn&v vp-df

uvbpa cnro-KTevelTf TioAAa

ayadov

8Y v/xas Kai VTTO rwy

ir(p.T>ov

M ai 8*"j8j8\i;/aA>os

a.tt-ri)(diintvo<i

6/ioD.

eya>

/i

C7rioreuop;y 8e VTTO AaKfSatf

>K\fiav.

aXAco? yap OVK av

roiaura'

Trapa raura.

yap, ore /xey Trporepoy wppiw^j/v oixaSe, er^of

Tipos

17111'

8ia rovro

rt

irpay/xard

v/xe'repa
6/j.a

7rpos-e8i'8ou
;

8rj

KOI

8?j

Troteij/

1H5//

yap
v
xara y7 jv

/cat

Kaipos VfAiv SOKCI eu>at

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

eos

e/xe

KOI vTr-icr^rero-^e

e/caAeire,

fp.e

ov

ra^iora;

ou

otrcu

jueWoi

cos

o^8e,

v/xas*

act

dAAa

ai

01

dyrw/ ioi'e?,
J

oio/ixai,

Trare'pa

e/xou,

jizi;?/<recr0ai

eicrtv

eyw

ore ye lv TCHS 420

^.i]v,

TOLOVTO eAe'yere*

ey

IO1

cos

p{5y

rovrois So/cetre

rotouroi oir^s irept e/xe."

Spartans take Xenopbon's part.

Xapulvos 8e 6 AaK5at/xoVios

TO.VTO. eiTTcW f-rravaaro.

" 'AAA'

eTTrey*

TOS, Trow? Tts

fxey

'A^i^aro?

fj.apTV-

Hez'o^wy-

epcriTcoiTcoy wept

Sev^rjs aTT-e^ptVaro ort ou KOKOS 43

dya-trras

8e ^tAocrTpaTtcdTTjs/'

ayav

etrj,

etr/,

6tKata>s 8o/cerre

yap xat avros

eyco

yap

r]^5>v

dwyp

/txeWot ou

Ijixoi

TW d^Spt TOWTW'
airou.

HeracliJes sboivs his

Xenophon leaves Seuthes.

sagacity.

dra-oras

425

"

etTrej;*

ai

'Op<3,

CTTI

rovra)

ai>5pe?,

KOI

Trap-oVra, os -7rap-e'Aa/5e ra XP 7?"

eKT](ra//e^a* KCU aTro-So'p.ei'os raura ovre

eVravfla

i7/xets

ovre

oj>

"ear

r//x?f aTr-e'Scoxe

o-(ti(f)poi'u>fjiv,

T^y TI^V, dAAa

(Tv\-\i]\lf6iJ.eOa

ai/ros e/cAex/^e. 435

ov yap

aiirov'

8j;

ff

ovro'y

paf

ye

'Axowas

ecrrtf,

ravra,

"
Ae'yef
"

'H/uwtf,

rax 10 7
TO

"

-"

eavrcoy

ayyeAoy

dAA'

EAA?ji; a>v "EAA^z/as a

6 'MpaKAeiSrjs

eay

Ka ' d^a-/3di;res
o-TparoTreSoy.

irpos

cai

a7r-i/xev

rovs

7rt

TW

irpos-eA^wf

crax^poi'iS/^ey,

I'TTTTOUS

efreu^ey

evrevOfv
(Z^ovTo

cos

et? 440

2ev0?js

He^o^wira, Kai KeAevei avroy

'

Trap'

avru

eavreo,

exoira x 1 ^ 1 0115

d7ro-6o5o-eiy

rci

dAAa a VTr-eVxero.
r<j>

^SaaiAet, -rrorepa

oTrAiras*

re yjupia
6

8e

afj.fi.vov

Kat

ra ewt ^aAdrrr; KOI Ta

"EtvofyGtv
efy

/xeVeiv

e^yero
Trapa

TCO

Att 445

2ei;%, ^

FROM XENOPHON.

SELECTIONS

102

TW

crvv

orpaTev/xaTl'

8e

avra)

eo^jbujfev

'

Medosades complains of the Greeks.

to

'Ex TOVTOV 2ev0?;s

fj.(v

Xenophon

refers

him

Their answer.

the Spartans.

etrpaTo-eSewaro

T<Si>

Tro'ppco

'

450

E\\i]V(av'
TO.

8e

ol

>cai

Eez>o$<3i>ra

OovvTfs

ras

455 aTT-ieVat
Trpos

e/^te

f/xe

oS^

TTJS

MrjSoaaSrjs epx erai

^jUfTe'pas

ovv

Trpo-Xe-yofj.fi>

/cw/^tas*

7J"pos

sevoffi&v, Tiop-

v^lu

" Ti
6 5e z,i>o<pu>v etntv
T^S xwpas."
ow yap eywye
n ap\u>, dAAa
Ae'yets raCra ;
v/;.ets

7iap-e8o)Kare ro oTpdref/xa, oi/re

aAAwv

Taif

6 8e M?;8oa-dS)j9 c/ce'Aeue Toy

460 Toy Xapfuvov KOL

adSTjy

Xityoivro

Trapa-KaAeW/'Tf?, ovre

Aeycy,

KW.UCUS

" 'AStKetre

Xe'yft*

AaKeSat/JtoViot, ots

SeVa."

o0ez>

8e al K<S/xai 8e8o/zeVai Tjcrav M?/-

Sey^ou.

VTTO

8ocrd87j

e(TKi]i>r](Tav

at/rat

e7nr?7ta.

tv

on

noXvviKov.

trrparjjywi'

Hei'o^wvra

6 8e

ou-

xaXe'crat

Trpos-eA^ajy avrois

M7j8ofrd8?js Trpo-eiTroi ro^s "EAArjo-iz; aTT-ieVai

)(wpa5.

ol

ai lAe^av*

-5e
'

AaKooyes

cv(?u?

TfA^ov irpos M>;8o-

'H/xe?? roivvv air-ioinfv av, OTTOTC

ouroi e\oiev rov \j.wQ6v

8e

ei

ftot]0i](ro[j.fv

/XT;,

TOVTOIS

465 K

Xenophon goes

*O 6^

M/jSofraSrjs

SeiJflqi' irepi

Ivrivdtv

to Seuthes,

and

^KeAeuf

obtains

Tre'joiTrety

TOU \ucrQov' cSeiro 8

-nfp.TTov(Ti

pay for

"Effo^SiVTa

fx?/

Kcii

the

army,

Het'o^wira Trapa
KaUiv ray Kco/xa?.

aAAous

cri/y

avraJ.

8^ f\6(i>v Trapa TOI> 2u^i/y eAcye re TroAAa ainwpieyoj,

47

KOI fSctTo avrou a7ro-8i8oVai TOJ

6 8e Scv^/js air-fKpivaTO'

liw'OTf

aTTO-orfp^crai

v/uas

orpare^an roy

"
'Eya>

TOV

/uey

oure

fucrObi;

fj.i(r06i>.

bi-fvorjdrjv

diro-Swcrw

re*

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

apyvpiov 8e OVK l^w,

fcai

6 8e

e'aXeTo'
tl

/cat

eyw

wrepcua
e!8e

7rei
<c

CC^TJ,

ot

^ap\uvov re KOI OoAv1

v/xa?

ra>

Hero^wy

Se Trap-eo-Keva^ero ws

air-aydyoi TO orpciTei'/xa

Ttplv

sacrifices to

Zeuj 'the Gracious.'

ev Si-eTrAeuaaf ets Aa/xx^aKov

ro

Kat kvravQa Ev- 485

ovros

^Atacrto?, air-avrq T(5 He^o^wyri.

TO) z,evo(f)ti>vTi.

xpvcriov e^ot.

OTL ecrefTcoaTO, xat ripcara avrbif

8e ftTrev ZcreaOai

/ixr]8e

ffpobiov

cSare ait-Ltvai, et JM^ a7ro'-8oiro roy ITTTTOV Kat

rw Hero^wi/Ti KOI

8e

Aa/x\^aKrjvoi

7(3

'ATToAA&m, EvKAet'Srjs i8wy ra iepeia enrer,

Tiet^oiro

"
e</)77,

airw

eTre^ay

jixrj

^e'yia

excty \pr]fj.aTa.

on Kat eay pte'AAjjs irore

on eat' ijufiev dAAo ?)

KOI

6^7ro'8tos.

wy

ff^at.

xaAa.

?/S?j

rw Att

Tt6vKvai.

e57]p,?j(rei>.

e^ety, eorat

f^irobiov,

f^Tiobiov

av (raurw

^ycrete
T<5

TOVTW

ra>

MetAi)(ta)

rawrjj

^ew.

e^-

oSv EvKAet'Srjs crvy-e/3ovAev(rey

T^ 8e vorepai'a Gevo(pG>v e^vero, K06 TO

Kol

on

" 'AAA'
ot8a/'

eo-fi

495

8e 6 Zei/s 6 MetAt^tos ecrri CTOI e/i7ro'8ios."

KOI eTT-Tjpero avrbv ei

f(pr]

6 8e Ei/xAetSTj? OVK falcrrfvev avrw* 490

DTo'y.

OVK

Kai

\j.avTi<i

s,

crof

orparia,

TT}

7rpos-eA0oVre9 8e avrw ot orpartwrat e8e-

Xenophon

IK.O.VOV

475

CUTO?? ^ VTT-

cm-eXOelv,

p.^

Trapa-Sotry

?/8?7

T-

TO.VTO.

atra i//ry i5/xets 8e 8t({-8ore T^

oSy Trapa-Aa/SofTes kiKa\ovv KOL 8t- 480

/^ey

aTT-twy oua8e.

ei

eicaroV.

a7r-eo'ci)Kei>

(T^crworai St

rots orrpartwrais'

e8t'8oui>

<TOI

77apa-8t8co/xi

frrpana."

oz/ro

rr)

Heyo0wy,

TaDra,"

VLKOV,

Se

KOI

etKocrt

drSpaTroSa

Aa/3coi> a7r-t0t."

TOVTO

KOI

fj-tupov -ri,

/Sou? 8e laKOoioi>s Kat 7rpo/3ara

rdAai>roi>'
s-xi'Ata

irAT)i>

103

orov
carco

Upa

6 8e
aTT-

^ve-

eyiyvero 500

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Ttve.s

tvbeiav'

(TTparev/xari'

KOI 6 Hei'ot/xSv

avru> TOV

'iimov,

ov

(V Aa/x\//aK(o, vop.ioVTCS avrov TreTrpaKeVat

6t'

8e

ol

O.VTOVS.

aTT-e'Soro

55

TW

buxrovTfs xpj/p.ara

etHii

air-tbocrav

Kai OVK ijOt\ov avo-Xafitiv TIJV

The Greeks attack Asidates, but are stoutly

E,VTv8ev tTtofKiiovTo bia

resisted.
"

TpcodSos

rij<i

is

eira Tropeuo'/xct'oi Trapa Qa.Xa.TTav a(f>-i,KvovvTo cis

Mvcriay.

510 yvrai/ci.

ai'TJp

Fle'/xTr;?'

yuraua

6e avru) TroAAa."
Aa/3a>i;

eAOots

ct

roCroy,

Kai TratSas

>cat

T?Js

Ta

6 ovv Ec^oc/jai

TOWS Aoxayovs TOVS /uaAtcrra (/nAous xat TTIOTOVS

5'5 eauTo), OTTCOS tv 7roi?/(T6iey aurouj.

ue'craj vuKTas,

ra

/xey

(twy a7ro-5parai,

ra tKfivov.

CTrel

CTTCI

av8pa7ro5a Kal

OTTO)?

amov

Aa/3oiey

8e a<f)-iKOVTo Trepi

TO TrAaora

^pjjjixara

TOV

'A<Tiba.TT]V /cat

8e OWK eSvyavro Aa/3eiv r^y

rvpmv Kara

Kparo?, CTr-exeipTjaav 8t-opvTTii' ro TCI'^O?.

520

V?

J?M e

TIS

a/xa 5e

TT)

&i-copwpuKTo' ol 8e evbovijcrOovTo. KOI fvOvs eTrarafe

tvboOev

o/3eAi(TK(j) 8ia/u.7repS

tTreira 8e ^ro'^fi/ov xal

ert nap-iivai.

clAAoi 8

TOI;

wpov

a><TTe /i^

/3aAAoi>,

TWV

Asidates taken.
Reinforcements arrive.
over to Thibron.

'Ej>rav$a

87)

oi "EAArjres

KOI Aa/3oire9 ocroi

T/rrai'

TOV eyyirraYco'

da^aAes

eZ^at

K-fior]0ov<Ti TrapnroAAoi, Kai

oTrAirat cat TTeArao-rat ex

525

ToyyvXov

rfj

8e lAeyei' aurw* "'AfrtSarrjs ris eortr ef

av'r/j

/cat

^evi&rai Ttapa

Efi'o<f)>v

6?j

^(TKOTroKz;

tt\T}criov

The

army banded

TTWS

/3oes Kai irpo'/Sara Kat d

8^ Foyyy'Aoj

ITT-

cwpa TOVS

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

105

oXiyovs oVras, TOVS be eTri-Ket/^eVow avrots iroXXovs, egfp%erai KCU OVTOS, t\u>v rr)v eavrov bvi'afjuv'

<rvv-e(3orid(i.

'

oe KOI UpoKXijs
CTrei

Tiavv

?/5fj

lovStv, juo'Ats

AXurapvris.

^me^blTO

VTTO

8e Trepi Hei/ot/xSt'ra, 530

ot

rwy To^tv/jiaTwv Kat afav-

8ta-/3aiWxn roy Kai/coy Trora^oV

TTO\\OI

avrwy tTp&B^nav.
ovrco 8ta-(rw(b^rat, exoires avbpa7ro8a w? 8taKO(ria KCU 7rpo/3ara TioAAa.
T^ 8e vorcpata
8e

He/'0(/>(3y

e^-dyet T^? VVKTOS

vAi^erai
ot ?7fpt
feat

ets

TO crrpdreu/xa' 6 8e 535

Kw/xais Tio-ty

He^o^w^ra

ov

Ttpocra)

ey-Tt>yx (";oi (ni;

'

Xanffavovviv avrov KCU yvvaiKa KCU Tialbas Kal TOVS

Kal TtavTa ra xP>/M ara ^Tretra TrdAtv aty-iKvovvrai
'

ITTTTOVS

ot

TTCLV

[7^/>yaju0ir.

aAAot

e^raC^a

(TTparrj-yol

01

Adxco^es xai

ol

Ao^ayoi Kat 54
rw He^o-

KCU ol orpartwrai fbibovv

caipcra TT/S Aeta?, ITTTTOV? /cat ^evyrj xat ra aAAa.

roJrw 01/3/ooM Trapa-yero'piet'os 7rap-e'Aa/3e ro orpa'

xat a^/x-^t^as avro

rw aAAa)
ov.

'EAA/ji^tK(S eiroAe'/xet

645

NOTES,

CHAPTER

I.

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

[N.B. In the first loo

lines

no augmented

tenses are used.

There

is

a note

on every augmented tense throughout the first chapter. After Chapter 7 there
are notes on such augmented tenses only as present any peculiar difficulty.]

Line

i.

yiY VOVTal the present instead of the past t-ytvovro.

>

two kinds, past or dead, and present or

are of

living.

Tenses

History, telling
often uses present

of the past, should only use past or dead tenses, but it

or living tenses, to make the story more lively; as if the historian
were looking on at the time the thing happened. Hence the present
tense,

when thus

used,

is

called the historical present.

of naiSt 5vo, because no stress is laid on the fact

But further on in 1. 4, where there is
that there were only two of them.
such a stress, we find afifyorfpca rui natSt. Cp. IV. 279 note.
iraiSes S\JQ, instead

1.

Though Artaxerxes was

2.

father

became king.
and

throne,

this,

claim. Darius I

was born before his

Darius had succeeded to the

the elder son, he

Cyrus was born

after

according to Persian customs, gave him at least some

to succeed him on the same ground.

had chosen Xerxes

Cyrus was not thus chosen by his father but he was the favourite of
Parysatis (1. 18), and the queen-mother was powerful in Persia.
1. 3. dcrOsvwv,
pres. past nom. masc. sing, of dcrfocecu, contracted
from aaOtvtoav.
;

Oavetv, 2 aor. infin. of

1.

Ovrjcr/coi

(stem 0av-).

irap-tivat, pres. infin. of irap-fipt,

4.

'

am

present."

satrap was a viceroy under the king of

Persia.
The satrapy of Cyrus consisted of Lydia, Phrygia, and Cappadocia; the Ionian towns, or Greek colonies, had been under Tissaphernes,
but about this time all of them, except Miletus, revolted to Cyrus.
1.

6.

opx^s, 'province.'

'

oOv,
part, of

Well then,' continuing the story. [Ovv

'

flfil,

this being so,' like

our

'

in fact. ]

is

probably = bv, the neut.

NOTES.

108
'

1.

dva-pami,

7.

goes up,'

i.

inland or

e.

up from the

coast.

[Hence

the expedition of Cyrus is called 'Ava-paats or the March inland.

The
retreat of the 10,000 Greeks should properly be called K.a.Ta.-@a<ns, or

the

March

1.

doiun to the sea]

2 aor. part.
.

nom. masc.

dva-pds,

9.

paaiXeiois, 'palace,' sc.

of @a<jt\fios, from

/3a<j(Aeia, 'queen,'

7)

sing,

of dra-/3aiVw (stem Pa-).

Distinguish

Sw/juiffi.

and

this

neut. pi.

rd. Paai\<t&.,

again from

i)

fiaaiKtia,

'kingdom.'

TXvra,

3 sing. pres. ind. of rt\( vrnoi, contracted for r\(vra(i.

8ia-pdXXi, 'accuses.' Ba\\(iv is to throw,' Sid, 'indifferent
directions;' hence Sia-0a\\fiv, 'to pull to pieces' a person's character,
i.e. 'slander* or 'accuse.'
Thus in the New Test. 6 Aid/3oA.os is a
1.

10.

1.

12.

'

of Satan, 'the Accuser,'

before God.

title

1.

15. diro-KTtivai,

f|

jff|TTjp, 'his

about).
'

'

thy,'

us to sin, and then accuses us

aor. infin. act. of a-no-K-rtiv ca.

lit. 'the mother' (of him whom we are talking

The Greek article is used for the possessive pronoun (' my,'
his,' etc.) when the sense makes the reference clear.

mother,'

-<HTT)cra}i.VT),
1.

who tempts

aor. part. mid.

20. d4>-iKvoi)vT(u,

nom. fem.

3 pi. pres. ind

sing, of (-aiT(cu.

of d^-iwto/xat contracted from

Onp-lKvioVTO.1.

Kai means (i) 'and,' joining two words or clauses

1. 21.
KCU ovroi.
together, (2) 'also' or 'even,' laying a stress on some particular word.
Notliing makes greater nonsense of a Greek sentence than to confound
these tiw)
1.

Think which makes sense

meanings of KOI.

22. pacnXet, 'the king.'

'

here.

Ba<7tA.vs without the article

commonly

means the great king' or the king of Persia,' being used like a proper
name. Sometimes fityas is added, as in 1. 182 of this chapter.
'

rots Pappdpois TOIS Trap' lavroi. i. e. the Asiatics who were in his
the Persian envoys above mentioned,

own service, as distinguished from

who came from the king' (1. 20).
'

1.

23. i<rvv, 3 pi. pres

subj. of tltf,

I am.'

The

is

added to

wert

because the next word begins with a vowel.

The article TO is used to make a

1.
24. TOV iroX(Atv, Lat. bellandi.
declinable noun substantive of the so-called infinitive, so that it can be
The usage makes

declined like the Latin gerund.

infinitive really is,
1.

what

it

ought

to

be called,

viz.

it

clear that the

a verb-noun.

25. XApfl, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. of Xa^avu (stem Xap>).

The name x ( PP~ VTl ffos ( or X /)ff "- |"? os )
26. XppovT|<7<$>.
'

1.

's

fr

\ipoot, land,' and rfco*, island,' and means a peninsula.' It was used
as a sort of proper name for the strip of land which forms part of Thrace,
'

'

'

and runs out along the north side of the Hellespont.

1.

27.

Yv6nvos,

aor. part, of

77'o>u

(stem

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

2 aor. part, of \ap&avca (stem

aor. part. nom. masc. sing, of ffv\-\fy(a.
Greek colonies in
30. Tais iroXeo-i TU>V 'E\X-qva)v, the

1.

29.

Xapuv,

crvX-Xe'as,
1.

109

Thrace on the

Propontis, such as Byzantium and Perinthus.

the high1.
35. The Pisidians were a race of mountaineers, inhabiting
lands above Pamphylia, and were very troublesome to the satrapy of

Cyrus.
1.

37. dva-paiveiv.

1.

39. Xaj36vras,

Cp.

1.

aor.

part.

ace.

masc.

pi.

of

Ka^nvai

(stem

Xap-).

As -nap tifit 'I am come,' it can be

1.
40. imp-tvai els SapSeis.
used with a preposition signifying motion lo a place. Sardis was the
made a Persian satrapy by Cyrus
capital of Lydia, and Lydia had been

when he conquered

the Great,

41. oKOiicras,

1.

aor. part.

its

king Croesus,

nom. masc.

B.C.

546.

sing, of O.KOV<D.

from c/xj/Jfo/ucos.
4>opoiJ|ivcs, pres. part. mid. of tyopiaj, contracted
'
Think whether KOI here means ' and or ' also.'
44. KOU. aurds.
21
n.
Cp. 1.
1.

49. ciri-icci|ivT], part. nom. fern. sing, of M'Kttfiat.

2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing, of Sta-ftaivca (stem Pa-).

1.

8ia-pds,

Colossae was formerly one of the most populous

1.
50. KoXooxrds.
towns of Phrygia.

Its inhabitants

Paul addressed his epistle.

whom

were the Colossians, to

St.

1.
Besides this palace of Cyrus at
54. pao-iXeia.
Cp. 1. 9 n.
Cclaenae there was another belonging to the King of Persia, said to have
been built by Xerxes, during his retreat from Greece after the battle of

Sal amis.
1.

1.

56.
61.

Yv

AV(i orai

y'Y VOVT<u

aor. infin. act. of yvfivafa.

'

>

I't.

there become,'

i.

e.

'

there turn out' or

'

are found

to be.'
'

1.64. KauoTpov ireStov, 'the Plain of Cayster' or

Caystrum.' It
has nothing to do with the river Cayster, which is a long way to the
south-west of this place.
See Vocabulary.
1.

65. o<j>-tKViTai, 3 sing. pres. ind. of d<p-iKVfoiMt, contracted

from

a^-lKVttTCU.
1.
1.

1.

67. SSITCU, 3 sing. pres. ind. of Stofuu, contracted

68. tm-Silgat., i aor. infin. act. of tirj-Se/Ki/v/M.
70. TaxO^vai, I aor. infin. pass, of T&TTIU.

from

Stfrcu.

cuddaa-i, 3 pi. of ficaOa.

1.
'

71.

iri

in single

'

TtTTdpwv,

(See in Vocabulary.)
four deep,' lit. 'on a base of four.'

So tm

(Mas,

file.'

1.

75. Terayiitvot, perf. part. pass.

1.

78.

nom.

pi.

masc. of

K-KKaXvp.|Avas, perf. part. pass. ace.

TO.TTCJ.

pi. fern,

of tK-Ka\virT<u.

no

NOTES.

means 'unpacked' from the cases

It

shields,
1.
'

which the

in

dffiriSts,

or large

were always carried on the march.

nom.

aor. part. act.

79. o-TT|oras,

sing. masc. ofiffTypi (stem OTO-)

'

having placed,' or

Cp.

placing.'

205

1.

n.

'

82. irpo-fjaXecHJat TO. oirXa,

to advance their arms.' i. e. hold their
shields in front of them, at the same time couching their lances, in
1.

readiness

TT-itvai,
1.

85.

a charge.
(stem |3a\-).
pres. infin. of

for

irpo-(3d\\aj

K TOVJ-OV,

hide.

So

which

(time),'

'

eir-fj/ii,

XP" VOV

from which

'

ov,
'

sc.

is

Tlpo-fiaXtaQcu

I' 1 -

<

the

aor.

infin.

mid. of

I advance."
'

from
'

(time),'

'

this time,' i.e.

since,' Lat. ex quo

after this," Lat.

;

'

tv

g>,

during

while.'

irpo-iovTts, pres. part. nom. masc. pi. of irp6-tt/.u, I go forward.'

I. 88. ol (K
TTJS oYopds <j>vYovcn, is short for 01 iv T?I dyopd (fxvyovcriv t
cannot translate
aurfjs, those who were in the market flee out of it?
'

We

'

'

from the market,' because the article

one word. Cp. 1. 109 n.

they
all

flee

KaTa-XiirovTts,

2 aor. part.

nom. masc.

pi.

90, 91. ISovcra, ISiiv, part. nom. sing.

the 2 aor. with pres. vpaoj.
1.
92. <j>opfj<rai, i aor. infin. act. of </>o/3'<w.
II.

1.
1.
1.

95. U'vcu, pres infin. of (l/.u,

96. paaiXta.
Cp. 1. 21 n.

100. opuivTts,

pres.

part.

'

o*

makes

ol-itt-rrjs-dyopds

of nara-\( i-ata (stem Xlir-).

fern, and masc. of tlSov,

I go.'

nom.

pi.

masc.

of

opduu,

contracted

from updovTu.
1.

lor.

<rico7rujcriv,

For the added

1.

v cp.

3 pi. pres. ind. of atcoirdco contracted

1.

23

from

auuirdovaiv,

n.

103. TTop-ovo-t, dat. pi.

masc. of

irap-wv,

pres.

part,

of ndp-api

(sum).
t-Yt'v-ero,

2nd aor. of yiyvonat, (stem Y

V -)-

-TijiT)-r, ist aor. of Ti^a-ta, future rifjaj aca.

-8<o-K, ist aor. of SlSca-fjii (stem So-), future Sw-ff<u, but ist aor. t-Sa-Ka.

1.

[So
1.
1.
1.

104.

rl-Orj-fju,

ist aor. i-Orj-iea,

"i-rj-fju,

1st aor. %-na].

105. i-Bairiv-wv, imperf. of Sairavd-u, contracted from f-8airdva-ov.

106. t-iroX^(XT)-<ra, 1st aor. of iro\f/j.(-<u, future iro\(fj.-f)-aw.
107.

Bp^Kas,

Propontis.

Cp.

1.

i.

e.

the Thracians upon

the

Hellespont and the

30.

b>4><X-ow, imperf. of &<p(\i-(u, contracted from uxf>(\(-ov.

1. 108.
-KoX-i, imperf. of Ka\(-ca, contracted from -/ca\e-t.

-iropv6-nrjv, imperf. of iroptvo-pai, the middle of noptv-ca.

109. w<^Xoti)v, pres. opt. of <></>A.'ft>, cp. III. 133 n.
All that comes between the article and
Twv-irpos-cp.i-cucpYriwv.
its noun (as irput-inl here comes between rSiv and tvtpftaiSiv) is
1.

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

Ill

There may be only

equivalent to an epithet of the noun (cp. 1. 88 n.).
one word between, as u TOT* TroAe^uos, 'the war at that time,' lit. 'the
then war" (cp. IV. 124 n.); or there

Greek could say

may be two

more words,

or

as here.

o-Tuv-'AOrjvaiajv-irpus-Tovs-fi.a/ctSatnoviovs-fi'-IIf^oTTOv-

the war of the Athenians with the Lacedaemonians in

'

vr)ffw-Tr6\((ios,

and iro\/xos serves

the Peloponnesus,' where all that conies between o

as a description of the war.

1. ill.
irpo-Sovn, dat. sing. masc. of irpoSoiis, 2nd aor. part. act.
of irpo-8ici>m (stem So-).
1.
115. fireuOcu fjAol, 'follow me (as your leader),' but <i|/op,ai avv
'

tija.iv,
1.

follow on an equality with you.'

117. &v civai,

'

that I

am

The

to be.'

likely

direct

I'ITJV

&/, 'I

should

expressed after olofMi by the infinitive av fivai.

118. ux^eX-qcrai, ist aor. infin. act. of d>./>6A'.

be,' is
1.
1.

119.

dXfac70ai., ist aor. infin. mid. of a\tta.

participle is used after verbs of knowing or perceiving,

'
I know that he is,'
to express a fact ; thus otto, avrw WTO. means,
but olSa tivai would mean, ' I know how to be."
[If the participle
icrre lovra.

refers to the subject of the verb,

know
1.

it

is

put

in

the nom., as olda

20. ciir-ev,

<prj(*t.

There

is

2nd aor. from stem !-.

a letter lost before

ment does not turn

this into

r/ir-,

fir-

The present is supplied by

which *=fir-, hence the aug-

but into iftw- =

tlir-.

follow,' imperf. t'nrofj.i]v.

1. 121.
Tr-TJvtrav, 1st aor. of tir-aive-ca, future -taai.
11

'

ui>,

that / am.']

stands for

+ ai, the

written underneath or

combining with a to make

TJ,

So

tnofjuu, 'to

The augmented
and the i being

'

subscript.'

For Xenias and Pasion

cp.

1.

165 and following

lines.

1.

122. t-o-Tpa.TOTrt8ev-aa.vTO, ist aor. mid. of arpaTontSfii-u.

1.

124. fiT-e-irnTr-To, imperf. mid. of

1.

125. Tj0\-ev, imperf. of iOf\-<u.

/j.(ra-n(fiTf-ca.

The augmented

rj

is

here

e.

l-Xey*, imperf. of \fy-ea.

-K\eu-, imperf. of K(\ev-<o.

'
127. oviK-r^OeXcv, to be taken as one word = refused.'
1. 128.
Distinguish nerd raOra, 'after these things,' from fura TOVTU>V,
with these.'
1.

126.

1.

'

ervv-a-yciYtov,

e-X|-,

2nd aor. part.

act.

of aw-aya).

ist aor. of \ey-ca, future \t-ca.

1.
133. t-v|vcr-}jiai perf. pass., with an active meaning, of ^tuS-w,
future mid. if/fv-ao/tat, perf. pass, (-(f/fvff-^at ( = e-^<u5-^a<).
1.
134. m-0TJ p.oi SiKTjv, 'may punish me,' lit. 'place a penalty on me.'
(

Lat. imponere poenas.

present

@rj,

is

the subj. of stem

Qt-,

reduplicated into

NOTES.

112

135. ^8iKTJ-o-0ai, perf. pass, infin. of d-Sine-u, future -rfffoa,

Here the augmented tj = t + a.
perf. pass. %-8tm)-fuu.

1.

fj-8iKT]-Ka,

is formed from the adjective a5<os

nouns generally end in -a>.

perf.

This

from compound

verbs formed

Two or more negatives in Greek do not make

modern English, but a stronger negative. Cp. II. 59 n.
Compare the early or more natural English, which is now vulgar, e.g.
'I don't know nothing;' so this does not mean 'not none' but 'not
141. cure

1.

ouSevos.

an affirmative, as

in

nny.'
1.

1.

Cp. 1. 128 n.
147. (jura raOra.
148. TIPWT-WV, imperf. of ipcarn-co, contracted

augmented

T)

here

from fipura-of.

The

e.

1. 149. air-icpivaTO, ist aor. mid. of diro-npiv<v, future diro-KpTv-w, 1st

aor. air t-tcpTv-a.
1. 151.
Distinguish the active with
Tt[xu;pT)o-op.0a, we will punish.'
the dative n^wplaj aoi, 'I take vengeance for you," i.e. 'defend you,'
from the middle with the accusative rifuapfonai at, 'I avenge myself
'

i. e.
'punish you.' Cp. d^tvvaaOat, III. 55 n.
153. irp.<|>0vTs, ist aor. pass. part. nom. pi. of trffiiru.
= + o).
154. viiT-ioirrcu-ov, imperf. of vir-oirrfv-a}, (<o

upon you,'
1.

1.
1.

155. t-8oK-i, imperf. of

1.

156.

iirv.

Cp

1.

Sotet-oj,

contracted from

-8o*-.

laon.

'

Lat. extremus. Issi was

1.
158. i<r\6LTi\v, last,' i. e. 'furthermost.'
close to the boundary between Cilicia and Syria.
Lat. ad-sum.
1.
159. uap-tjaav, 3rd pi. of trap fjv, imperf. of vap-fi^i.
\.

161. wpp.-ow, imperf. of oput-ca, contracted from wppf-ov.

tinguish upnt-<o, I anchor,' from dpftd-u,

is wppa-ov contracted wpp-cav.
'

\.

'

I start,'

Disof which the imperf.

\.

162. TJKOV-O-*, ist aor. of UKOV-M, future azov-aw,

1.

163. air-TiXaw*,

1.

164.

iX-, imperf. of

20 n.

\ty TO, imperf. pass, of \(y-tu.

I.

(rj

= + a).

of dir-f\avv-<u, (tj = + ).
F r tne augmented form, cp. il*ov,
X' W '

imj~>erf.

See 1. 125 n.
of dwo-irkt-ca, future drro-ir\fv-aofMi.
the letter lost in the present, for v\t-<u = jrA^-w,

168. air-t'irXv-<rav, 1st aor.

Here again the v

is

'

'plevo' or ple/-o.'
=
1.
169. ^X-OVTO, and aor. of oix-o/xeu, (tp
'
y^^rjv 2nd aor. of oi\op.ai, I am gone,' from O?K
i.e.

Distinguish
imperf. of oitciw,

oi).

ow

dwell.*
1.

172. airo-85pdiea<riv, perf. of &vo-Si-Spa-aie<u,

airo-ir<|>VY a<rlv> 2n<^ perf. of d.iro-<ptvy-<u.

'

run away* (stem 8pa-).

'A.iro-8i5pdaKiv

means 'to

get away,' so as not to be found, dvo-tytvyav, 'to get away,' so as not to

be caught.

You

cannot get hold of either, but you

may know where

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

the one
is

man

and you don't know where the other

is,

used specially of enemies

who

who keep in hiding.

175. of dv, 'whoever.' *Av
general and indefinite, so that 6s
of slaves

Hence

is.

own

escape to their

113
the

one

country, the other

added

1.

makes the sense

to the relative

av= lav ns

or OOTIS.

As av cannot go

it must be considered to belong to the pronoun, not

*\v adds the force 'in any case,' expressed by 'ever'

with the subjunctive,

to the verb.
in

'

whoever,' etc.

nom. pi. of tiSws, part, of oi5a.

179. crw-e-iropv-ovro, imperf. of avfi-iropev-o/jtat.
which was changed to \L before the it of the present, to
to pronounce, is replaced before the augment
1.

176. tiSores,

The v of avv,
make it easier

1.

K TOUTOU,
result or

'

after this,'

'

out of this."
'En properly denotes the
proceeds out of or follows an action.

lit.

consequence which

So. fierd. rara.

Cp. 1. 128 n.
182. fcroiTO, jrd sing. fut. opt. of

1.

1.
1.

183.

Here

'-KtXtu-o-,
1.

tl/ii

firyav is added to &acn\ea.

aor. act. of Kt\fv-at.

(sum).

Cp.

185. t-xaXtiraiv-ov, imperf. of x *-* vaiv-w.

'
refused,' as in 1. 127.
187. VITT-CO-X-6TO, 2nd aor. of inr-iax~ v ^~flal -

1.

22 n.

oviK-fjdeXov,
1.

of tx~ w (originally at\-ta, whence t-ax-ov,

-ve- is

added to the

present,

making

'I^X"40

another form

is

The

axfi-aca, etc.).

-iffx-ff-ofiat,

which

syllable

only used in
ve, are called

is

compounds, as \iit-ia\-vt-oiMi. [Presents with v, av,

nasalized presents, because the present is distinguished from the stem
by having v added to it, i. e. "being more or less pronounced through
the nose],
1. 189.
-imo-0t]-<rav, 1st aor. pass, from -jrdd-o), future ird-acu (for
ndO-aui), ist aor. pass, l-vtiff-tojv (for l-weiO-0i)v).
1.

195. f-8iu)K-ov, imperf. of

1.

196. trpo-8pa[i6vTs, part. mase. pi. of Trpo-tSpanov,

Siwtc-ca.

and aor. with

pres. Ttpo-T(>i\<a.
I-crra-o-av,

pluperf. of 'i-arrj-m, shortened

form from the stem

crra-.

Distinguish taraaav from t(m\aav, which may be the ist or 2nd aor.,
according as the meaning is transitive or intransitive. Cp. 1. 204 n.
-Tpex-ov, imperf. of Tpix"

*-

198. t'-iroi-ovv, imperf. of

used to do,' or would do.'
1.

irot(-<o,

contracted from

i-iroie-ov,

'they

'

ravrrov, neut. of o aiiros

(compressed into avrbs), 'the same.' Though

is a far commoner form than ravro.
Xap-v, 2nd aor. of Aa-/x-y3-dj/-<u, of which the stem is XdfJ-,

of avros

is

but the

letter

and the syllable

which

thus doubly 'nasalized.'

the. neut.
1.

201.

is

u.

avru, ravrijv

-av-

Cp.
1

1.

are

inserted in

187 n.

the

present,

NOTES.

114
1.

202. i-t$tvy-ov, impcrf. of

the augment, because

1.

t/f-^tiry-cu,

the I* passing into

before

<

easier to pronounce.

it is

203. cupofu'vais, 'raised,' pass. part. pres. from a"p-ca, agreeing with
Distinguish aip-u, 'I lift up,' future ap-Sj, ist aor. fipa, perf.

xTfpvfyv.
%p-K(t,

from cup-G>,

'

I take,' future alpr)-aa). perf. ^prf-Ka.

In 'arrjfn the pres.,

205. dv-io-TaCi], 'put up' or 'start' them.
imperf., fut. and ist aor. are transitive tenses, meaning to 'place' or
'make to stand ;' the rest are intransitive, meaning to stand.'
1.

'

1.

208. aTr-io\-TO, 2nd aor. mid. of u\-\vfu (stern 6X-).

I.

209.

7r-'-Xnr-v,

2nd aor. of

iiii-\ftw-<u

(stem

XITT-).

avro TO <rTpaTvp.a, 'the army itself? Lat. ipse exercitus.

aTpdrfvpa would mean the same army,' Lat. idem exercitus.

To avro

'

t-Suva-vro, imperf. of Swa-fMi (stem 8wa-).

211. TJXaw-.
Cp. 1. 163 n.

1.

1.
213. tea! STJ iroTt, 'on one occasion indeed.' The 5^ emphasises this
as a remarkable instance of Cyrus' hurry to get on.

1.

1.
1.
1.

214. tm-crrds, 2 aor. part. act. of

(tp-iaTrj/ju.

215. -KXv-cr: cp. 1. 183 n.

216. c-8oK-oviv, imperf. of 8oiet-a>, contracted from l-fi&Kt-ov.
218. 1801, 3 sing. opt. of dSov, 2 aor. with pres. 6pda>.
'

(Jifpos

TV,

a specimen.'

Lit.

'

a portion

'

of anything chosen as a

sample.
1.

219. Tf,s

good
1.

Observe the force of the

vra|ias.

article,

'their usual

order."

220. !-o"7TtviS-ov, imperf. of anfv5-ca.

8pap.6vrcs.

Cp.

1.

196

n.

-TVX-OV, 2nd aor. of Tv-y-x-av-< (stem TUX-)- In the pres. the letter
(for v before x) and the syllable -ov are inserted ; in fact the present

doubly nasalized.
1.

221.

Cp.

ix-ov.
1.

Cp.

<rrr)KOTs.
1.

164

1.

nom.

187
pi.

n.

of the perf. part. act. of

224. t--KO|ju-o-av, ist aor. act. of

The in becomes If before the

1.

225.
226.

tarrjfii.

n.

Kofuw).
1.

Y
is

-<|>afv-TO, imperf.

mid. of

K-/K>/'-CJ, fut. iic-KOfu-ooj (contr.

vowel

<paiv-o).

[Kaf-To, imperf. mid. of dit&-fa. E< sometimes takes the

17 (as T^af-ov), but generally does not change.
227. J-KO.V-OV, imperf. of Kai-u.

augmented form
1.

1.
1.
1.

iir-v.
229.
Cp. 1. I2on.
230. KuXvacicv, 3rd sing, ist aor. opt. of K<V\VCU.

231. TOW xaiciv, 'from burning.'

1.

cp.

24

n.

-8oK-fi.
1.

2J2.

Cp. 1. 155 n.
-K&V-<TV. Cp.

1.

183

D.

For the

article

with the

infin.

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

234. T](H, 3rd sing. fut. opt. of

23^). w-tro, imperf. of oi-onai.

1.
1.

241. 0'<r0ai

1.
'

TO.

oirXa,

lit.

'

ij/foa.

(<p

'place

= + oi.)
tlieir

1.

i.e.

'

night,'

but often simply

'

to ground

'

to stand ready.'
242. t-iro-T]crav, 1st aor. of Trot-tta, fut.

arms,'

arms' (on the ground)

soldiers halted, they rested

hence OeaOat oirXa means
the ground

heavy shields and spears on

to lay down arms for the

their

1.5

Whenever Greek

to stand under arms.'

not only

to halt/ or

iroi-ricriu.

243. Trap--KoXcrf, 1st aor. of irapa-Ka\f-03, fut. -fffco.

244. t-fjX0v, 2nd aor. from the stem -eX0-, the pres. being supplied

1.

1.

-f'pX'Of"11
[So in English the pres. 'go' has its past 'went'
supplied from 'to wend.']
it--r\yyti\-, ist aor. of
-ayyeA\-, fut. t-ayyf\->, 1st aor. (-rjyy(i\-a,

by

the

being lengthened into a.

[The stem
whence our angel.']

is

<Lyyt\-, as in ayy(\-os,

'

'

messenger,'
1.

245.

-Yv-TO.

1.

Cp.

imperf. of ^y-^

-4>Tj,

103

(stem

n.
4>

a -)-

whence fatnm and

[Lat. 'fari,'

fama.]
1.

1.

247. irap-KaXo-a.
Cp 1 243 n.
This final i is called
248. TOUTOV-I.

serves to point out a person

The nom.

'celui-c/.'
1.

249. !-8<o-K.

1.

251.

Cp.

I.

243

Cp. Lat.

'

hie-*.*,'

it

French

104 n.
Cp. 1. 106

n.

n.

252. e-Xap-ov.
Cp. I. 201 n.
253. JASTO. TatiTa.
Cp. I- 128 n.

TjSiKTj-o-a,
1.

I.

the demonstrative iota

distinctly.

ovToa-l.
1.

-7roX [iT]-o-ev.

iroiT]cra.

I.

is

Cp.

more

ist aor.

of a-SiK(-u,

Cp.

254. air-Kpiv-a.To.
Lit.

riSiKT]a.

1.

fut. aSucy-aa).

149

'injured him,'

(TJ

= + a.)

n.

but in English

'

had injured him.'

Where one past tense depends on another past tense, in English we

mark it as doubly past by using 'had,' the pluperfect. In Greek this is
left to the intelligence of the reader.
Here Orontes would say to
You did me no wrong,' and Clearchus, reporting his words,
Cyrus,
'

Cp. II. 118

148 n.

leaves the tense unaltered.

1.

255. T|pi>T-a.

airo-oTTcLs,
1.

!-4>Ti.

Cp.

1.

n.

2nd aor. part, of

-iro-eis.

256.

Cp.

1.

245

1.

Cp.

198 n.

n.

7r-iroiTj-K(vai, perf. inf. act.

1.

(w

259. J)|xoXoY-s imperf. of t>no\oy-(w, contracted from

= c + o.)
1.

261. d8iKTj0is,

'

lit.

having been injured,' here

I

'

[through] being

NOTES.

Il6
e.

1.

injured,'

without the

'

was

it

article,

A Greek participle,
because you were injured," etc.
must often be translated by a conjunction, such as

because,' etc., with the indie, mood of the verb; so this

conjunction has to be supplied from the participle
must depend on the sense of the passage.
The accus. of respect after i]5iKT]Or), ' was injured in
1. 262.
ouStv.

'when,'

'

'if,'

-on ifOiKr/6i)s. What

nothing,' i.e.
1.

263.

'was

not at all injured.'

T|8tKi]-6-r),

ist aor. pass,

of

Cf.

u-Sut-f<a.

1.

254

n.

on

fjS'iKtj-at.

= + .)
of ipoiT-aca, ftit. ipajTTj-fraj.
()
V 'l" <r ^al P er ^- P ass infin. of yi-yv-opai (stem y* v- )

aor.
i*]pu>TY]-crv, 1st
1.

11.
1.

264.

Y-Y

'

fut -

266, 267. ytvia-Qai, ytvoip.r\v, 2nd aor. infin. and opt.

268. 8daifu. ist aor. opt. act. of 8ont<u.

269. irap-ovo-iv.
Cp. 1. 103 n.
270. airo-^Tjv-at, ist aor. mid. imper. of airo-<j>aiv-a), fut. avo-tyav-to,
ist aor. dir-f-<f>r)i>-a.
[Distinguish by the accent (l) uTr6-<f>r]>>-ai, 1st aor.
1.

1.

mid. imper., (2)

1.

airo-(j>TJvai, 1st

aor. act.

I'M/?;*.]

'
'
272. d<t>avljtiv, put out of the way," lit. cause to disappear' (from
Hence a milder way
not,' and <j>av- root of (fjaiv-eoOai, to appear').
'

'

a,

of saying 'to

kill.'

Verbs in -lea of
subjunctive of the impersonal verb S(1.
+
and + ci, as irXif ir\i,
only contract the syllables
ir\(ti, TT\I: but ir\f<u, irKtovcri, rrA'j?, etc., remain uncontracted.
'
to guard against or ' ward off
<j>v\aTTo-0ai, act. to guard,' mid.
on
i.e.
'be
our
III.
[from ourselves],'
guard against.' Cp.
91 n.
1. 275.
Distinguish rav-rd for ra aiircL, from o avrus, the same things,'
1.

two

273.

St'fl,

syllables

'

'

'

from Toura, ncut.

pi.

of OVTOS,

'

these tilings.'

1.
176. IXapov TTJS EivT]s, 'took hold of the girdle,' (wvtjt being the
'E\a(Jo>> rfjv ^WVTJV would be took or
gen. of the part laid hold of.
received the girdle.'
'

'

'

Oavaro), lit. with a view to, or "as a sign of" death.'

Taking
hold of a man's girdle was a sign that he was doomed to death.
'

277. TtTa-yn^voi.
Cp. 1. 75 n.
v iniperf. of if-ay-u.
Distinguish Tjy-ov, the imperf. from
= + a.)
f)y ay-ov, the 2nd aor. of ayo>.
(TJ
1.
278. is-T)vtx-9i), JS * aor> pass, from the stem -VK-, to which
1.

i|-T)Y-

(tJ)-/^/xu supplies the present.

1.
OWTC. For the multiplied negatives in
279. o&ms
II.
1.

59

280. ciS-tv, 2nd aor. from stem 15-,

Eng. 'to wit'

?fS);

Greek

cp.

1.

141,

n.

The augment

'

i.

marks the

e.

fiS-.
Cp.
lost letter

Lat.

vtVAeo,

(since <rs
the continuous process of

supplies the present, meaning

watching a thing ; the aorist implying the momentary act

t'fia-cu

seeing or

ct

'

THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

7.

of seeing,

of

sense

the

in

'

catch

to

llj

'

sight

of,'

'

espy,'

at

see

glance.'

T-0vT)KOTa, perf. part. ace. sing. masc. of OvrjOKta.

281. -<j>av-Tj, 2nd aor. pass, of (f>a.iv-ca (stem <j>av-).
I.
284. p-e-yaXou Paai\i>s.
Cp. 11. 182 and 22 n.

1.

a.tr-r\yyi\\-oy, imperf. of air-ayff\\-ca

I.

II.
289, 296. -ycvcaOE, -ytvYjcrOc,
aor. of yiyvofjiai.
1.

290.

instead of

TJS,

fjv

(T]

= + a.)

Greeks make

stantives, the
'

said to be

agree with

To

person.

attracted

its

'

2nd

imperat. and subj. of the 2nd

pi.

XT. What

is

a relative sentence

It is

As

simply a long adjective.

is

(stem aYY\-).

286. l-0dp<rw-v, imperf. of Oapavv-u.

adjectives agree in case with their subThe relative then

the relative do the same.

into the case of its antecedent,

antecedent in

i.

e. is

made

to

well as in gender, number, and

only done when the relative would

case, as

avoid confusion, this

is

Cp. avrl wavTwv

otherwise have been in the accusative.

S>v

ex w

the

next line, and the English ' instead of what I have.'

1. 293. eir-iao-t, 'will advance.'
Remember that tlm, though present
'
in form, has a future meaning,
I will go.'
[The u of the stem appears
also in Lat.

i-re.~\

294. ava-o'X'qo'Se (2nd aor. subj. mid. of av-txu\ 'endure;'

hold yourselves up against.' Lat. smtinere.
1.

'

lit.

I am quite ashamed.'
am quite ashamed when I tell you ;' [alaxyvofjiai
alo-xwofiai Xrytov,
\-yiv would mean I am ashamed to tell you,' and there/ore do not tell
you, or in other words, 'shame prevents me from telling you.']
Cp. note
1.

'

295. BT| emphasises alaxvvopjai,

'

'

on

aSiKijQtls

1.

261.

home' (Lat. domi) the old locative or 'place-at'

answering to the question where ? [Distinguish ot/coi, at
home,' from o7oi, houses,' nom. pi. of o?/>.]
1.

298. oiKot, 'at

which

'

case,

'

300. sure.

Ko.1

\t.-i\v,

Cp.

1.

'certainly.'

156 n.
Kal nty

is

literally

'and indeed:'
'

introduces something new, and means ' moreover

or
introduces a new speaker, who has an objection to make.

it

'

yet.'

generally

Here

it

fut. perf. of m-funj-aKto

has a present meaning, ' I
remember' (lit. 'I have called to mind'), futp/rfao^ai is used as a simple
future.
In Latin also the perf. memini and the fut. meminero are used
1.

302.

(A-jjtvf|-crcrOat,

but as the

(stem

f*.va-),

in the

same way.

1.
1.
!

1.

the panlo-post

fut.

or

perf. pass, nf-nvrj-fun

303. Svvaio, 2nd sing. pres. opt. of ovva^ai.

304. a/ir-Kpiv-aTO.
Cp. 1. 149 n.
3I3-T|YYM- ov . Cp. 1. 284 n.
314. T|P-TO, 2nd aor. of ip-o^at, 'I ask' (instead of which (p

is

NOTES.

Distinguish yp-tro, 2nd aor. of

'ask;

rfptro, imperf.
up;' and yptiro, imperf. mid. of aipfco, 'take.'
What tense of naxofMi is this? See in Voca315. n.axi(T0cu.

used).

mid. of atpw,
1.

fpoftat,

'lift

bulary.

Cp.

t-<f>Tj.
1.

318.

--y*

1.

v'

245 n.
TO
Cp.

1.

103

n.

319. Twv-|ATd-Kvpov (Jappdpwv. The article ruv

of the words between it and its noun [iapflapuv. Cp.
1.

1.

1.

Cp.

321. e-Xt-y-vTO.

'

164

makes an
1.

109

adjective

n.

n.

HapaL with the accus. signifies

'
going beyond it."
getting beside a thing, or passing by it, and hence
Hence napcL ravra means ' besides this,' ' moreover,' Lat. fraeterea.
besides these.'

1.

322. irapd TOVTOVS,

1.

323. TJpx-v, imperf. of

apx-,
Cp.

1.

324. <ruY-TTa,YH.va>.
were. Cp. 1. 236 n.

1.

'I rule' or

'command.'

(TJ

= + O.)

75 n.

326. t-jidx-tTO, imperf. of n&x-ofuu.

'
8ia iroXXuv -fnispoiv, during several days.'
1.

Aid signifies division into

hence an interval of time.
The feminine ending shows that fj^tpa is under337. viorspauj.

parts,
1.

So

stood.

'

TTJ

irpoTfpaia,

-iropev-TO.

1.

Cp.

the day before.'

08

n.

CHAPTER

II.

THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND

ITS RESULTS.

(The name Cunaxa is given by Plutarch, not by Xenophon. It was

on the Euphrates, about forty miles north-west of Babylon.)
'

'

dvd KpciTos, at full speed,' lit. according to one's full strength.'

But the
(3aoru\vis irpos-'pxT<u, 'that the king was coming.'
Greeks use on before a direct speech, though we use our corresponding
1.

5.

on

word

'

that

only before an

that \ty<av on, etc.

means

'

"On

indirect.

(o

n)

is

really a relative, so

saying that which follows,'

viz.

'

the king

is

coming.'
'

nerd TO{/TOV, after him' or next to him.' Distinguish this

TOVTOV, which would mean with him.'
1. 21. x a ^ K os TIS
Xa|iir, lit. 'some brass was shining,' i.e. 'there
was a gleaming of brass.' Note the foice of the imperfects
and KaT-e<t>aivovro, 'began to come' and 'began to be visible.'
1.

from

13.

'

fitrcL

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

77.

1.

'

'holding on to." *Ex<w is I have

(with gen.) intrans. 'I hold on to' a thing, i.e. 'I

'next to these,'

x!A6V01

24.

119

'.

or 'hold,' Ix /* '
follow or ' am next

'

lit.

'

to.'

The v of the
27. d-iro-TTap.va, perf. pass. part, from airo-Tfivca.
stem rtv- is dropped, and the e changed to a, as in e-airap-Ka, f-airap-fiai.
1.

Thus we

'

[Eng. ten-slon' 'ten-don.']

get Tt-ra-xa, rt-ra-fMi.
34. TTTroiT|Ka|ji.v, the perf. instead of the fut., speaking as if the
thing were already done, 'if we beat the centre, we have won the
1.

day.'

OUK TjOeXsv, etc. The Greeks were always afraid of leaving then
Here this over-caution on
right or unshielded side without protection.
the part of Clearchus lost the battle.
1.

1.

41. TJpTO, 2nd aor. from epojucu (pres. fpuTaaj).

Cp. I. 314 n.
43. OopvfJov, the gen. of the source from which the sound proceeds.

When

d/foveiv

has a double object,

it

takes the accus. of the thing heard,

and the gen. of the person from whom you hear it as a.Kov<a ravra ffov,
I hear these things from you.'
OTV irap-epxTai.
1. 46.
See note on ort 7rpos-tpx*Tai, 1- 51.
48. Se'xo|j.ui TOV ol(ov6v, Lat. omen accipio,
Cyrus accepts the
words Preserver and Victory as an omen of success.
;

'

'

'

'

'

1. 50.
irpo-T|pxovTO, imperf. of irpo-fpxofjiai.
'HpxofJ-rjv inform might
also be the imperf. of apxcpai, I begin;' the sense decides.
'

1.

53. Kara. Kpdros,

same

'

'

at full

speed,'
as avci teparos, 1. 5.

lit.

according

to

one's

(full)

and Kara have

originally opposite meanings, tip and down, they come to the same
thing, when the idea is simply that of motion along a given line and
strength,' the

towards a given point ; if this point

'in the way of or 'through.']
1.

54.

0iv

'

Sp6|xco,

to run fast,'

is

lit.

[Though

not local, they both

'at a run.'

of similar meaning adds force to the verb

sore afraid.'
Cp. the Lat. cnrsim currere.
1.

59. ou8

ovSels

oti8v.

Two

avcL

or

The

come

to

addition of a

thus <p60ov

'

<po@(iffQat,

more negatives

in

mean
word
to

be

Greek do not

Thus ovot
affirmative, as in English, but a stronger negative.
ovSfls is 'no/ even a single one.'
Cp. I. 141, 279 n. In older English

make an

negatives used to be multiplied thus, as in Chaucer's Prologue 251

'
There nas (was not) no man nowhere so virtuous.'
with intent to enclose,' lit. ' as about to enclose.'
1. 70. us KviK\oScra>v,
'

'Cls
1.

with the
77.

fut. part,

denotes a purpose.

KaT-eXei^Orjo-av.

Distinguish

i\il<pOT)v, 1st aor. pass,

of \tin<a,

Irom t\r (l>0r]v, 1st aor. pass, of Kap-fiavai.

1. 79. Notice the historical presents i\avvti, itaiei, riTpuffna, marking
With this rash act of Cyrus
the rapidity with which all this was done.
compare the conduct of Pelopidas at the battle of Cynoscephalae, B. c.
t

NOTES.

i2o

364. when, enraged at the sight of his hated enemy, Alexander of Pherae,
he rushed upon him, and thus met his death (Plutarch, Life of Pelopidas).

The p.tv contrasts

1.
83. b p.v ovv Kvpos, Cyrus, as we have said.'
Kvpos with 01 5t pdpfiapot following, the ovv, then or in fact,' (cp. 1.
Mtv may often be
6 n.) refers back to what has been just related.
'
'
translated while or whereas.'
'

'

'

'

'

1.

ceive,"
1.

of

Distinguish

91. jjcrOovro.

from

m]crav, 3rd

99.

pi.

of

'

2nd aor. of alaOavo/Mt,

ya06fjir)v,

aor. pass, of qoofwi,

TjaGrjv, 1st

'

tar-qv, intrans.,

am

and

pleased.'
therefore the

I per-

2nd aor.

The same word might

tarrjui.

ist aor. of tori;//!,

2nd aor. and the

also be the 3rd pi. of torijaa, the

then mean 'they placed." In tffn;/ the

and would
with the pluperf. are

perf.

intransitive, the other tenses

are transitive.
X6<j>os,

probably an

artificial

mound, as there are no natural

hills

on

the Babylonian plain.

1.

105. dvd Kpiros.

See note on

1.

5.

Cp. note on t TOVTOV, I. 85.

that he was dead.'
The Greeks used the participle
1. 108. TtOvTjKora,
after verbs of knowing, feeling, perceiving, and the like, to express the
In Latin it would be nesciebant eum mortuum esse
fact known or felt.
I know how to,' as
[OfSct with the iiifin. means
(accus. and infin.).
tv TOVTCO, sc.

xpvvy.
'

'

olSa
1.

'

("ijf ,

1 1

know how

8. wp(jiT)o-ovTO,

to live.']
'

had

started.'

The Greek

aorist

in

sentence must often be rendered by the English pluperfect.

and Procles would say, ' Ariaeus is at the station, whence

yesterday;'
aorist

254

the

'

started,"

a minor

Here Glus

we

started

Greek historian, reporting their words, keeps the

where we should alter it to had started,' Cp. I.
'

n.

For on
1.125. tirrov OTV KeXcuci, 'that the king commanded.'
introducing a direct speech, see note on on Pa<n\tvs irpos-tpxerat,
1-51.

128. Tjpero.

Cp.

I.

314

n.
'

133. o-wJcaOai, middle voice, to save yourselves.

1. 135. irXeiovos
aioi, 'more valuable,' lit. 'worth more,' v\tiovos
(comparative of iruXAou) being the gen. of price. The phrase vo\\ov
1.

of tot may generally be translated by one word,

'
or useful."
1.

142. tiirare, the imperative of

used.

erira,

'

ist aor.

'

valuable,'

The and

serviceable,'

aor. tixov is

more commonly
1.

the same as,' Lat. eadem qttae,

Cp. I. 275 n.
between ravra and ravra.
149. Remember that ^ivou<nv may be another part of the verb.
144. TOUTO.

for the difference

1.

'

Si-ntp,

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

III.

So

besides the 3rd pi. pres. indie.

next

and

also an-iovai

121

irpo-iovffiv in

the

line.

1.

158.

a lost

i-irovTo,

imperf. of

tlir-ov,

'

I follow.'

tir-o/j.at,

which reappears
2nd aor. from stem eir-

letter,

in Lat.

The augment

ei

marks

Distinguish this from

'

seq-uor.'

(pres. (prjpl), 'I say."

CHAPTER

III.

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

il. KTjpvxas ircpl airovSujv,

I.

came

about so and so,'

i.

e.

'

sc.

\ffttv

to talk about

(I.

15).

Thus we

say, 'I

it.'

The gen. of the person after atfovoas,

1. 13.
KTJPVKIOV.
Cp. II. 43 n.
[their statements from] the heralds.'

'

after hearing

This might be (i) apiarov, 'breakfast,' (2) apiarov

1. 15.
apio-TOV.
'
The sense decides.
neut. of a/wcTTos, best."
1. 22. 6mcr6o-<|>uAa,Kfaiv, pres. part,
of bma8o-<pv\aKt<a.
Compounds

made with prepositions are formed from nouns already compounded,

and generally end in -e'w. Thus 6mado-<f>v\a.K((a comes from the noun
omaOo-(f)v\a^, vav-paxtoa from va.v-fi.axos, etc.
Prepositions usually form
compounds with the simple verbs, as KaTa-fpvhdaaw, npos-ndxofMii.
This is formed from the noun (niffrarrjs, which is
1. 26. circoTaTci.
already compounded so being formed from a noun it ends in -ecu (see
the last note).
'E<p-lffTTj/ju is the compound of tirl and foTjj/xj.
1. 28. fn-cue, imperf. 'he would strike him,' i.e. as often as there was
occasion to do so.

not

1.

HOI

32.

by

Ktti,

'

and,'

'also' (as well as the younger men). Beware of translating

when it does not couple words or sentences. If so translated

here it would couple rrpos-e\a.fil3avov with tojpcav, and make it governed

by firfl, thus leaving the sentence without any principal verb, which
would make nonsense. Cp. I. 21 n.
1. 36.
Y K '4>a^ ov the part [within the Kpa\r] or head '], i. e. the
cabbage (as it is called) of the palm-tree a sort of bud at the top of
'

'

'

the tree, containing the rudiments of its future leaves, enclosed in the
foot-stalks of the actual leaves.
This part was edible as well as the
fruit

or date.
'

1.

41. ytCrwy,

Minor.

a neighbour ,* as satrap of the west coast of Asia

NOTES.

122

mid. of

[Observe that alrfu

alrtta.

1.
42. fj-rovipiv, imperf.
'
I ask a question.']
for a thing," tpoiraca,
1.
'

44.

?iv

p.ot

x^P lv 'will thank me.'

'EX*'"'

X^P IV

'
>

Lat. habere graliam.

diropois, neut. plur. adj. used substantively,

'

is

I ask

have' or

feel gratitude.'
I.

50. tv

'

difficul-

in

ties.'
1.

TIVL.

KO.KUV
55. QHUVSIV in the active is 'to ward off a thing, as apvvttv
The middle anvvtaffat is ' to ward off an enemy from oneself,' so
'

an enemy, with ace. of person, as here.

might be (_i) gen. plur. of participle, (2) jrd person

generally to 'punish
1.

57. nv6vr<ov

The

plur. imperative.
1.

'

60.

(XY|v,

-?j

sense decides.

very truth,' used before the words of a solemn

in

oath.
1.

tTm8dv =

67.

tirtibav, fdv, etc.)

force of
1.

'

72.

Compounds of av (as orav,

with the aorist they have the

7r87> &v, 'as soon as.'

take the subjunctive

shall have.'

|iT|

ou mcrros

to iriaros, OU-TTKTTOS

The

'

lest he should be faithless.'

being equivalent to arrunos.
eiT),

ov belongs

'
we shall be thought,' lit. ' we shall seem.' The per1. 75. 86op.ev,
sonal verb Soxtta means (i) I think,' (2) I seem,' i. e. I ant thought.'
'
contrary to the truce." Tlapd, by the side of,'
rrapd. Tas arrovSds,
'

'

'

'

often with ace., means passing by,' going beside the mark,'
'
'
ing or transgressing,' hence contrary to."
'

'

'

neglect-

'

'

tiTiTa,
1.

then

'

or

'

Distinguish from

after this.'

77. XcXfiij'tTai, 'will

have been

left," i.e.

'

iirel,

'we

when.'

shall have

no

friend

The

paulo-post future, or future-perfect, implies that the action or

event will be completed at a future time.
Here the idea is, when that
time comes, we shall find ourselves without friends.

left.'

1.

85. iroifjaai

faithless,'

i.

e.

'

rd

mard amora,

lit.

'

to

make

his faithful things

falsify his pledges.'

'kept on their guard against each

'
'
to guard
or ' protect anyone (l^at.
'
cavere alicui), the mid. <f>v\a.TTfffOai is to guard oneself against* anyone
(Lat. cavere aliqnein).
1.91. t^^AaTTovro

other.'

The

act.

dXXr]Xovs,

# vXar-rtiv

'

is

it was
was to
prevent incursions of the Picts) see opposite page. The wall of Media
was situated about 100 miles N.W. of Babylon, and must originally have
extended from the Tigris to the Euphrates ; but at this time there was
1.

92. TO MrjSias TIX<>S,

built to

'

the wall of Media,' so called because

keep the Medes out of Babylonia (so the

'

Picts"

Wall

'

a considerable gap in the wall at the western or Euphrates end.

Tissaphemes must therefore have first led the Greeks some sixty miles
in a homeward (or north-westerly) direction, through this gap to the
north side of the wall, then have brought them back through the wall

777.

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

123

into Babylonia again

(eio-w rov Ttixovs), and lastly led them about

twenty-four miles eastward to Sittace on the Tigris l
'
1.
98. ovojxo, by name,' the accus. of respect.
Caenae would be on
the right or west bank of the
Tigris, since it was the opposite side to
the Greeks, who were
marching northwards, with the river on their
.

left.
1. loo. Zairdrav
(or Zapa.Tav') TrOTa(xov, now the Great Zab, or Upper
Zab, one of the chief tributaries of the Tigris on the east.
1.
105. H,T| aSiK-fjorciv depends on opxovs, 'oaths not to injure,' i. e
'
oaths that we will not injure.'
1.

06. 4>vXaTTonvov,

guarding against.'

See note on

line 91.

to show you.'
at the present time.'
112. Tracra 686s, 'every road,' iracra -q 6865, (next line), 'all the

1.

108. SiStigcov, the

1.

1.

'

road,"

10. tv TC

i.

e.

'

fut. part,

'

denoting purpose,
'

irapovri [xp""9>]i

our whole line of march.'

This identifies Mr/Sias rtixos with the Wall of Nimroiid, said to have
been originally built by Nimrod, against the Ninevite invaders from the
'
Another view is that the Wall of Media was a long way south of
north.
this, between Cunaxa and Babylon, and that Sittace was much lower down
In this case, the Greeks
the Tigris than it is placed in the above map.
would have passed only once through the wall, from the north, so as to get
1

'

'inside,' i.e.

on the south

side,

of

it.

NOTES,

24

'uncertain,' as we say
dark' about a thing.
[2/fJros in Xenophon is generally
declined like re^os with genitive axuTovs. It is also declined like \6yos
113. Sid mtoTous, 'through darkness,* i.e.

1.

'

be

to

in the

with gen.
I.
'

<TKUTOV.~\

desired that
II.

'

TOT,

18.

123,4.

The

reasons to hope

then'

(i.

when

at the time

e.

joined Cyrus, see

I.

26)

.'

first

may be

KO.I

the second KCU

is

translated

'

also,'

i.

'even,'
'

implying

many

you also will wish

See note on 1. 32.

e.

that

to be our friend' [as we wish to be yours].

1. 128. TTJS x<*P lT s fy tX 01 ^^Xdpjf fx fiv nieans 'feel gratitude/

See note on

1.

44.

in 1. 83 the p.v emphasises the subject Clearchus as

opposed to Tissaphemes, the cn)v refers back to what has been related
So while Clearchus
.'
before.
well.' The idea is
1. 131. uX\u,
'though I am glad to hear you talk
thus, yet 1 will show you that you have no reason to distrust us.'
I am pleased with you
TJ8o(uu takes the dative, hence we have
1.

Here as

129.

'

'

'

speaking,'

i.

e.

'

that

you speak.'
'

not even,' i. e. you no more than we.*

133. airuTTOiTjT*, the opt. in -o'njv of contracted verbs is a
It is very common in the singular (cp. So/con/,
peculiar Attic form.
'

1.

132. oiiSt,

1.

\vnoiT),

11.

28,

54 above), but

it

is

not so often used in the

1st

and 2nd

persons plural.
1. 135. ols, 'with which."
Observe that the Greek dative supplies the
Latin ablative of instrument, while the genitive supplies the Latin
'

ablative

meaning

from.'

1.

139. ira.p-fxoip.sv dv, 'could render.'

1.

141. 8ia.-Tropcuoin.ev,

'

provide a passage'
'

Tloptvca in the act, is

put you across.'

(rropos) for

any one,

'

cause to pass
'
intrans. to pass,'
e.

i.

to provide oneself with a passage," i. e.

'
t rravv
1. 144. ouSJ
cVyaOoi, not even
'

if

;'
'

in the

'to

mid.

march,' etc.

ever so brave."

145. iropovs rrpos, means for,' i. e. ways of.*

(xoi, not 'to me,' which would be npos fyii, but (literally) 'for
'
me,' i. e. to oblige me.' This is called the ethical dative.
'

1.

1.

151.

1.

152.

1.
1.

is depends on TWO

'

Af-ydpTdu',
153. rfj cruv *[io! arpari^i.
Cp. I.
Cp. I. 128 n.
159. \Lfra. Tatira.

those

109

who

say that.'

n.

Here iravrts is an apposition with ol, which

164. ot 8 irovTS, etc.
not the article but a pronoun,
they did not all come."
'
1. 1 70.
x l Tin v SIKTJV, has his just punishment,' lit. the punishment
1.

'

is

'

[which he deserves].'
sive pronoun.
Cp. I.
answer.

The

Greek is often used for a possesObserve the wary form of Xenophon's

even supposing Clearchus deserved his death,
article in

15 n.

He really means

'

BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

777.

yet,

125

own showing, Proxenus and Menon should come

according to your

back.'
1.

I.

175. av-i\x9i](Tav, 'were taken up,' i.e. to the king's court.

Cp.

7 n.

The 8?) shows

for in fact' or in proof of this.'
St),
going to be said confirms the previous assertion that
Clearchus was very fond of war.'
1.

that

80. KO.I

what

'

yap

'

is

'

1.

iSr. tPTTT]pTi (imperfect),

'

continued to serve.'

on the Hellespont. Cp. 1. 30.

1. 185.
lie probably had to
'Ia0(AoO, i. e. the isthmus of Corinth.
touch there to take up some of the allies of Sparta.
I.
187. t'OavaTwOr), was condemned to death.' QavaTow usually means
1.

183.

0paK,

i.

e.

'

'

'I cause death' to anyone.

[Verbs in -oca derived
from the stems of nouns mean to cause or make something, as bov\-6ca
I put to death,'

lit.

(from SoGAos), 'I make anyone a slave,' iro\f^-uca (noXtpos, 'I cause to
be at war,' i. e. ' make hostile."]

188-191. See the account in I. 25-30.

oimo nv ovv, 'thus as we have said' The /Jtfv prepares for
the St which follows, 'not only fond of war but a good commander.'
'
1.
193. ts, with reference to," or as regards.'
II.
1.

191.

'

apxiv with
1.
1

195.

'
gen. of person, to rule.'
etc. 'to instil into the

tfA-iroi-fjcrat.,

to produce in

them the opinion

ws depends on rty

minds of the

soldiers,'

lit.

that,' etc.

yvaifjirjv.

he was . . .' Cp. I. 24 n.

say 'stern to look upon,' i.e. 'of
'
stern countenance.'
aspectn tristis" (not
['Opav in Latin would be
aspicere\ but the Greek infinitive far more nearly resembles the English
'

from the

1.

196. oc rot) eivcu,

1.

197. o-ruyvos opav, just as

fact that

we

than the Latin does.]

198. TjyeiTo. 'HyttaGcu, like Lat. ducere, may mean either 'to lead'
to think.'
When it means ' to lead,' it takes a dative of the person

in its uses
1.

or

'

led,
1.

when

it

means

'

to think,'

it

takes accus. and

infin.

201. Distinguish by the accent tyvXcucas, ace. pi. fern, of

</>t>A.aT7,

or 'watch' (Lat. vigilias), from </>i/Aa/is, ace. pi.

'
watchers (Lat. vigiles). The word guard in English

'act of watching,'

masc. of <f>v\a,

'

ambiguous, having both meanings.

1. 206.
T)8tv TOV rpo-iTov, 'a pleasant manner/ lit. 'his manner a
pleasant (one),' i. e. the manner [which] he had [was] not a pleasant
one.
The article coming between the adj. and the noun makes the adj.
a predicate in apposition to the noun. If it were TOV fj^vv rpoirov, the
would be merely an epithet of rpuirov. Cp. IV. 269 n.
ijSi/j'
1. 207. 8i-Kivro, etc., 'were to him in the
AiaKttaOai
position of,' etc.
is

acts as the passive of Sia-nOtvai,

'

to put into a certain state or condition."

NOTES.

126

'
209. 4>i\ia, dative of cause, through friendship.*
210. 8t| sums up the whole description, such as I have stated.'

1.

'

I.

in

next line contrasts with the ptv,

commander,

yet

'though he was so

e.

i.

The

strict as a

he was unwilling to obey others."

CHAPTER

IV.

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

1.

i.

iroXX-Q

Here

8t|.

81)

emphasises iro\\y, 'in the greatest

possible

perplexity.*
1. 2.
dOuntos Ixv. "Exftv is often used intransitively with an adverb, like the Lat. se habere, Fr. se tronver, so that dBv^cas d^ov implies
'
the state of being aOvpot, i. e.
they were in a desponding state of mind.'

So

tv (X (tv > "aituis ex*"'

1.

els TT|V Itnrcpav,

3.

'

'

to be well

'

be badly

to

off,'

for the evening,"

i.

e.

'

off.'

throughout the whole

evening."
1.

4.

irl

rd

oirXa,

'

The heavy arms

to their quarters."

piled in camp in front of the men's quarters, hence

the place where the arms were piled."

rci

were
ov\a meant

(oirAa)

'

'

1.

5.

tTvyxavcv wv,

lit.

happened

being,"

i.

e.

'happened

to be'

'

was

at

the time.'
'

1.

6. -iroOow

1.

7.

H.T|ITOT,

8.

p.v

1.

the

fiiv

ovrrcd

irarpCSwv, objective genitive,

'
that they would never."

8-f).

Cp.

III.

contrasts with
'

8ia-Kt^voi,
'

?jv

210
Si

The

n.

ns

regret for their fatherlands."

5^ sums up the paragraph, while

in the next section.

in this state."

Cp.

III.

207

n.

The

he came."

optative here equals the past sub'

junctive, and the aorist gives the sense of have ;' so in Latin it would
1.

be

'

2.

X6oi,

pollicitus est,

if

si venisset,

se

facturum

;'

etc.

14. Distinguish the middle <rvjji-pov\vTai, 'takes counsel with,'

'
from the active <rv(i-pov\Ui (next line), gives counsel to."
1.

Xenophon had been a disciple of Socrates from his youth ; Socrates

himself wrote nothing, so we are indebted to his two pupils Xenophon
and Plato for what we know of him. Xenophon's Memorabilia
(Reminiscences), or notes of Socrates' sayings, show the teacher's
Plato had a real grasp of philosophy and had
practical good sense.
'
imagination as well, and in his dialogues or imaginary conversations'
he depicts Socrates as -a most subtle and humorous arguer on the
deepest questions of philosophy.

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

1.

1.

8.

whom

fi.v

II.

Cp.

17. tir--f)pTO.

Distinguish

12J

41 n.

whom?" from

nvl, 'to anyone.'

the optative with ay makes a conditional mood,
'to

TIVU,

0i)oi,

'to

he should.'

Observe that irparrtiv with an adverb means

aAov npaTTetv would mean to do what is honorable.'
confound this
1. 21.
TJTKJTO, imperf. of cuTta-o/u, 'to blame.' Do not
with any part of the verb ah-tai, I ask.'
1.

'

19. KfiXd-s Trpdjjai..

to fare

'

TO

;'

'

1.

24. ovmus,

'

in this

rjpov from j]p6^T]v,

'

'

way.'

ppou would be imperfect mid. of atpu,

I asked.'

I lift up.'
1.

(I.

Sardis was the place appointed for the rendez-vons

28. tv 2<ip8cri.

40).

1.

'

ire!

30.

raxiarra,

as soon as ever.'

31. \T||eiv.
Distinguish A.ij7co, 'I cease,' from \f~fu, 'I say,'
'
from Aax<x> 2nd aor. subj. of \ay\nvo3, I get by lot.'
1.

1.

32. IltaiSas.

1.

37. aitovTs.

ojjiu)S,

Cp.

and

35 and note.

I.

Distinguish

aicoiv,

'unwilling,'

Distinguish this

'yet' (Lat. tamen).

from

atcovojv, 'hearing.'

word from

'

upo'icas,

like-

wise.'

with infin.
1. 38. atiTxvvoftevoi
not betraying.
With a participle
yet doing

'

ashamed to betray,* and therefore

would be ashamed at betraying,'
'

it

it.
'

'

Distinguish from ti's, into.

42. \axwv\jirvov, 'having got some sleep.' "firvov is the partitive
to obtain by lot,' hence generally,
gen., \ayx av(iv means properly
1.

39. tis,

one.'

1.

'

'

to obtain' or
1.

'

to get a share

44. irdcrav [rtfy oluiav],

45. 8id TOVTO

on the one hand

is
jAt'v

1.

'

of.'

all

the house.'

answered by

ojjitos

in

'

1.

47,

for this reason

on the other hand,' etc.

The good point of the
dream was a light sent by Zeus to shine upon him in his distress,
the bad points were (i) that the dream came from Zeus as King, which
seemed to imply mischief from the king of Persia, (2) that the flames
.

still

encircle the house (Ka^TrtaOai KVK\U>), which implied the

For op.cos cp. 1. 37 n.
impossibility of escape from the king's power.
Ou goes with Suvairo, ' lest he should be nn1. 47. JIT) ou SVPVCUTO.

appeared to

able.'
1.

Cp.
'

Kd-nca,

72 and n.

ov-iriffTos, III.

52. \T)4>0u)(iv,

from

'

Xapfiavta,

to catch

;'

\ttcpd>nfv

would be from

to leave."

1. 53. rd SeivoTdTa are the actual tortures,

vj3pifon'vovs refers to the
mockery of their sufferings by the enemy.
1. 54. oirws
awa6jji0a, how we shall be in safety.' 'Oirens with the
fut. ind. follows words of caring and
effecting.'
'

'

'

'

NOTES.

128
'

1.

as

55. uicrrrfp t'-6v,

were possible

if it

fov

the accus. (not the

is

nom.) neuter participle of the impersonal verb t-(an,

'

it
lit.
being
time during which,' hence the use of
these neuter participles expressing what happens at the same time with
'

[The accus. implies

possible.'

something else, as (-uv, nap-uy; 'while it is possible,' &>av (I aor. part.

of SOK(I), 'when it had seemed good' (Lat. yuum visiim esset).~\
As the compounds Ka9-iof*ai and icdO-ijuai were much
1. 60. tKaOt'fovTo.
more commonly used than the uncompounded verbs tfrfMi and fjnat, they
ceased to be regarded as compounds at all.
Hence the augment t was
placed before the preposition Kara, instead of between the Kara and
the tfrfuu.
1. 61. *YVOVTO,
1.

'

became,'

e.

i.

'

'

alpiofiai (mid.),

choose.'

The

So

yptOrjv

1.

to."

but in

I take,'

means

'

was

settft

the passive of

chosen' not

'

was

'

'

1.

'

I take," is supplied by tenses of a\iaicopassive of alptta,

as idXojv, I was taken," tdXeu/ra, I have been taken.'

taken.'
fiat,

amounted

64. -QPTJVTO, plup. pass, of alptta,

'

66. (jura TOUTOV, 'after him.'

Cp. II. 13 n.
'
Distinguish (maTajMu, I know,'
69. irio-Taa0.

Cp. 1. 148 n.
place upon.'
1.
72. ovv TOIS orrXois, alluding to the

from

tip-iffTTjui,

demand made by the king that

demand they had refused

the Greeks should surrender their arms, which

III "5-135)1. 73. TO Xoiirov,

'during the

future,'

'for

the

future:'

accus.

of

duration of time.
1.

76. irapd rotis opicovs.

Ilapa, 'contrary to.'

Cp.

79. dva-fxijivrjo-KO) takes two accusatives, remind

80. i5f,T from o75a
T5?/r< would be from fTSov.
'

1.

1.

III. 75 n.

you of ..."

becomes you to be brave;' ayaOois being the dative

in apposition with vfuv, which is governed by vpos-rjKti, since tlvat
takes the same case after it as before. Cp. Horace, Sat. i. i. 19 'licet
1.

[iis]

Si. dyaOois,

esse beatis,'

'

it

'

they

we might

genitive
be brave.'

may

be happy.'

say, cSo/Hjv

avrov

So

tlvai

after a verb governing the

'
I besought him to

ayaQov,

But see line 90.

Indira OT Ept]s. The two events
11.81-85. ITp<r<I>v
-irpuiTov
here alluded to are (i) the invasion of Greece in the time of Darius
llystaspes, ending in the defeat of the Persians at Marathon, B.C. 490,
.

(2) the expedition led

Salamis, B.C. 480.

by Xerxes, who was defeated

1. 84. icat, 'also,' not 'and;'

sentence.
Cp. III. 32 n.

1.

1.

iyitctuv

being the principal verb in the

'
85. K<U . . icai, here both . . . and.'
86.* fiprt, 'just now,' i. e. at the battle of Cunaxa,

fought nearly two months previously.

at the battle of

See Chap.

II.

which had been

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN,

IV.

90. irpoer-riKti, here with ace. and infin.

1.

should

be,' cp.

1.

'It is fitting that

93. ol

1.

we know

sand horse' which

those who do.'

1. 94. ol iroioOvTfs,
relative pronoun and verb.
Cp. VIII.
'

is

be indicative.
'

lit.

the ten thou-

they have.

'

yiyviTrai,

you

81.

v-0virf|0t]T, imperative; iv-fOvurjdrjTf would

'
their ten thousand horse,'
(AxJpioi. lirireis,

1.92.

129

The

article

356

n.

with a participle

=a

done.'

Xenophon's is the kind

by which one might make a child laugh
through its tears. Really the Persians were good riders (Cyropaedia,
II. 2) who would not 'be afraid of tumbling off,' and the Greeks soon
found they could not get on without cavalry, see 1. 150. What was
really reassuring was the fact that Xenophon evidently did not despair,
97. TO Kara-irecmv, ace. after <pofiov p.tvoi.

1.

of humorous argument

as he could

make a joke of

their fears.

means I am standing.' Cp. II. 99 n.

99. Ivl jtovco, in one point alone," like Lat. abl. of measure.
100. T|(AWV, gen. after the irpo in npo-l^ovaiv, 'are before us,"
'

98. ,l<mjKOTs.

1.

"EffTtjKo.

'

1.
1.
'

superior to us.'
1. 101. o-Kci|;a<r0, distinguish from fOKtyaffde
cp. 1. 92.
pacriAccos UKOVTOS, against the king's will ;' Lat. invito rege.
1. Iio. ws, 'with the intention of.'
Cp. II. 70 n.
:

'

1.

113. Tpis-dcrp.vos, to be taken adverbially with

gladly'

'

very,

gladly.'

'very blest,' or, as

we

'Thrice-

(irotet.

[So rpts-d9\ios, 'very wretched,' Tpts-naKap,

sometimes say, 'thrice blest.' Cp. the Latin

terfelix, etc.]
tiroiti

dv..,

ti

liopa,

'would have done

if

this,

he had

seen,' or

accurately, would have been (now) doing this, if he were seeing.'

The four forms of a conditional sentence are (i) if it is, it is,' (2) ' if
'

more

'

it

will be,' (3)

'

if it

(ever)

it

be,

been,

it

would have been' [but

would

were to be,

it

it is

This

not].

is

'

be,' (4)

if it

had

the 4th form, and

implies 'but the king does not see us preparing to settle:' just above
we had the 3rd form 8011) &v , l POV\OIVTO, ' he would give, etc.,
if they were to consent," etc.
.

1.
1.

'
119. evOciSe belongs to Ko/iitra/iti/ois, having come here.'
121. irp6cr0v must be omitted in translation, as irpiv follows in

We

'
the next clause.
say (for instance), I will not do it, before you
come,' the Greeks often said, I will not first (irpoaO(v) do it, before
(irpiv} you come.'
'

1.

123. dir-oXe'crStti dv, 'that we should be mined;' the &v, 'in that
always implies an if, so that 'if they took' is implied in \ap6vTts.

case,'
1.

124. TOVS

vv

'

dpxovTOS,

words coming between the

our present commanders.' Any word or

and its noun stand as an epithet of the

article

NOTES.

1$0
noun

hence such phrases as

(cp. I. 109);

are con-

of vvv, ol irpuaOev, etc.,

veniently used instead of a longer expression.

'
the then king.'
Cp. ist Ep. to Timothy v. 23

we sometimes

[So

say
thine often infirmities.']
'become.' Never translate

125. ytvto-Oai, 'prove themselves,' lit.

were merely the same as flvai,

1.

ytvtffOat as if it

'

'

to be.'

126. ToJv-irp6cr0v-apx6vTCi)v, gen. of comparison, 'than,' etc.

vOv
irpoo-Otv, being without the article, are real adverbs qualifying im$o1.

r\

'

jxtvous : TJ means than.'

av TIS anting, ScY)TCi, this is the

2nd form of conditional sentences

'If (ever) anyone should disobey.'

1.
127. dei, 'at the time,' or 'from the lime.'
Cp. V. 287.
'
the man (anyone) of your
v(xiov is the partitive gen. after TOV,
number who comes across [the offender] in each case.*

113

1.

cp.

1.

1.

'

with the help of.'

130. dva-reivaTO), 'let him raise.'
128. o-uv,
'

OTU,
1.

n.

The

subject

is

understood in

whoever.'

The object of the square was that it

133. ir\aio-tov, 'a square.'
fronts, and so could fight on any side if an enemy attacked

had four

Each

had a separate commander.

ir-|A\ovvTo, not iir-tn(\tiaOi]v, because there
stress laid on the fact of there being two only.
Cp. I. \ n.
them.

1/134. 8uo
1.

face of the square

.

Remember

137. 8i-J3t]o-av.

ZairdTav, 'the Zab.'

1.

140.

eV6vov

the imperfects.
1. 142. 8uoKTlov.

Cp.

no

this is the 2 aor.

III.

tV$v8ovuv

is

..

100

n.

tTirpucTKov.

Verbal adjectives

Observe the force of

imply that something

he must be
loved.*
These have two constructions, (i) like the Latin gerundive, as
o? iro\(fuoi SuvKTtoi tlffi
(2) as here, like the Latin gerund, as SiuKriov
tarl rovs vo\tiuovt, ' we must pursue the enemy.'
[f>iA.j;Tos is not the
must or ought to be done, as

in

</>JA.JJ-T'OS

-rtos

(Lat. amandus),

'

same as

but

simply like Lat. amabUis, loveable.']

Do not confound tirurra/taf, ' I understand,'
(i) with (tp-iffTanai mid. of ((p-ivrrjfjii, 'I place upon,' or (2) with ITJCTT'
I believe,' or with any word derived from vlar-ts, faith.'
(vta,
1.

<pi\i)Ttos,

is

148. imo-Tantvovs.

'

'

knowing how

to sling.'
[Verbs
in -aca only contract into a and u, and always contract into o when
no o is present ; -dv is the contraction of the infinitive.]
cr4>ev8ova.v, infin. after iirtaranivovs,

B'\ot
1.
158. |w pXuiv, 'out of shot' (as we say).
[range of] missiles.*
1. 160. 01
jicv, i. e. the Greeks, ot 8t, the enemy.

For

iirovro

from

tirofuu cp. II.

158

is

lit.

'out of

n.

1.

162. iiatcpoTcgov, 'longer,' i.e. 'further than

1.

165. irXataiov, 'square,' U76ir\vpov, 'equal-sided,' i.e.

.'

an exact

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

131

good form in which to resist a charge of

form to march in.
1.
167. K-0Xipor0ai., 'to be forced out of their rank,' lit. 'squeezed
out.'
[Hence in Latin Prosody Ecthlipsis is the 'squeezing out' of
final m when the next word begins with a vowel, as multu(m) ille.]
1. 168. TO. Kepa/ra crvy-KviirTT), 'the outer flanks close in,' lit. 'bend
square is a
'square.'
cavalry, but a very clumsy

i.

together,'

'

contract by bending.'
expressed by Sia-ffxy, below

e.

is

separated,'

The
1.

opposite,

'

viz.

to

get

171.

The subject is TOVS 6ir\lras from 1. 167.

171. TOWS TOT* 0Xipo[juvovs, those who were squeezed together in
the former case,' i. e. when the wings (Ktpara) had to close in.
1.

170. 8us-xpT)CTTous.

'

1.

172. TO (ju'aov Tuiv Kpa.Tiov, etc.,

i. e. when
there

1.

came empty of men,'

here a gap where the
1. 173. TOVS ravra

'

the space between the wings be-

was a gap.

Probably

it

means

flanks of the square joined the front or rear of it.

iracrxovTas, those who suffered this,' i. e. found a
'

gap near them.

1.
174. dXXrjv Tivd Siipaaiv, i.e. 'any other crossing-place' except a
bridge, such as a ford, etc.

175. to-irevBe (imperf.), 'would hurry on.'

Cp. III. 28 n.
Xoxovis dvd. ItcaTov avSpas, 'six companies of 100
This is the distributive force of dvd. Kara is similarly used.
each.'
1.
1.

178.
n.

231

Distinguish
represents the s in Lat.
eir-c'o-TTjaav is

from

'six,'

ef,

'out

The

of.'

men
Cp.

aspirate in

sex.

here the

aor. because

it is

transitive.

Cp.

II.

99

n.

'

1.
'

or

79- irevTTjKovTrjpas, leaders of fifty,' i. e. leaders of half-companies,

lieutenants.'
half-company contained fifty men, and two of them
1

made

a \6xos or company.
Each half-company was again subdivided
into two sections, these were called Enomotiae (iva/tunai, lit. ' a band of

men sworn

in,'

from

ey-o/mi/ut),

'

apxai,

section-commanders,"

'

and

their leaders

number amounted

were called tvujioT-

The whole
ensigns.'
these six companies were

sublieutenants,' or

'

to about 10,000 (I. 318)

only a small division, which could be shifted so as to give elasticity to
the whole.
Probably three marched in front, one in the centre of the
;

and one where each flank joined the

same position^ in the rear.
avY-KviTTOi.
Cp. I. 1 68 n.

front line,

front

and the other

three in the
1

1.

ol
i.e.

1.

made

'

the captains
vir-|jitvov {5<7Tpov,
their companies drop out to the rear

XoxdYo!

used to wait behind,'

and give room for the

others.
1.

182. irap-TJYov, 'used to pass outside the wings,' i.e. into line at

the extremities of the wings.

1.
184. TO \it<rov does not mean the inside of the square, but the centrt
of the troops in front and rear.

NOTES.

132
Cp.

174 n.

1.

1.

185. Sidpao-iv.

1.

190. Distinguish aurfjs TTJS 68ov,

the road," from (i)

'
Joov, this road.'

'

'

the road itself,' i. e. right over

the same road,' and (2) ravrrji TTJS

'

uSov,

TJJS OVTJJS

108

1.

192. opwv ov<rav, 'seeing that

1.

196. ol-virfp-Tfjs-68o\)-Tro\'fUOi.
Cp. I. 109 n.
Cp. I. 109 n.
199. Tots- irap'-!avT<j>-ovTas-iTXTa<rTas.
'
200. tmXtKTOvs, as [a reserve of] picked troops.'

was.'

it

Cp.

II.

n.

1.

1.

1.

202. ot-tm-roi)-\64)ov-iToXt(J.ioi.

1.

204. copjrrjcrav must be from opuaoj,

has no ist aor., and would not

make

Cp.
'

I.

n.

109

'

I hasten.'

'O/>/*e<,

anchor,

sense.

205. 8ia.-KtXev3p.wov, cheering their own troops.'

209. ini marks the object for which they were striving, i. e. their
return to Greece.
So we find twi ri; ' for what purpose?' 'Itvai iiri n,
'

1.

1.

'

to

go

in ques-t of anything.'
'

1.

213.
decides.
1.

6xt might be he
The

215. io0iTai.

carries,'

217. 8J

The

context

makes it graphic, 'shoves out of his

went on marching.'
AJ couples the sentences, eu means also.'
had at the time,' lit. happened having.' Cp. 1. 5 n.
present

'

place," then tiroptvtro, the imperf.,

1.

or 'you are carried."

'

icaC.

Tvyx av ?X WV

'

'

The cuirass or breast-plate of a cavalry

that of a foot-soldier, and Xenophon had
the infantry-soldier's shield to carry as well.
1.

218. Ocopaica TOV lirmK6v.

officer

1.

ii<). vrn-aYi.v,

then
1.

was much heavier than

little

by

'march

slowly'

221. ta-rt T|va.YKa<rav, 'till (as a matter of fact) they forced him.'
the opt. it would mean till such time as they should force him.'
'
222. dva-pds, sc. TOV "ivirov, having mounted' again.

With
1.

1.

'Tni, 'under,' hence 'underhand,'

little/

'

fyQavowi

225.

Yv6|ivoi,

lit.

'anticipate

the

enemy having

arrived,' i.e. 'arrived before the enemy.'

1.

228. evOtv

..

vOv,

'

on one side and on the

other.'

229. opt) tnrp-v4>T)Xa, the great mountain range, which commands

the principal pass of the Tigris, near Jezireh.
Kcrni is here
1.231. Kara TfrpoKis-xiXiovs, '4000 at a time.'
1.

Cp. drd 1. 1 78 n.
m-8u>T, 'give me besides,'

distributive.
1.

232.

1.

333. STOV,

'

what,' not

'

i.

whatever.'

e.

as a present.
"OffTit

is

used in an indirect

question like rl$ in a direct.

'

1.

234. <J>v<rt)0vra,

if

blown

up.'

The

'

if

is

implied by the &v

which follows.
1. 236.
Si&0a<nv, here 'the means of crossing,' not as in 11. 174, 186,
'tiieplact to be crossed.'
[Verbal nouns in -ait properly mean the act

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.

133

'

'

of doing a thing, as irotrj-ait,

a producing ; those in -pa signify the
thing done, as noirj-^a, a production (thing produced).']
1.
242. KwXwovcTi (.itj oXurOdveiv, Lat. prohibebunt quominns labantur.'
'

'

'

Where

main verb has a 'not' the Greeks put a 'not* with the
dependent verb as well; so here the /) merely emphasises the 'not'
already contained in Ku\v<a, and therefore must not be translated in
the

English.
246. OUK

1.

would run
1.

tl

'

n.

113
1.

would not have let the Greeks do

ir-rpirov,
they saw them trying it." The clause to be supplied
iwpwv avroiis TWpw^eVot/j. For av with the imperf. cp.
av

'if

i.e.

this,'

The

249. KapB-ovxovs.

modern Kurd, Kurdistan.

1.
250. TJPXV, was satrap

root of this

'

'

1.

the

252. irapoSos,

over,'

passage by the

from
side

word

is still

'

apx?i,

of

preserved in the

Cp. I. 6 n.
between the river and

province.'

it,' i. e.

cliffs.

For the

'
253. vnrJp OUTO{) TOV irorajiov,
right over the river.'
distinction between avr&s & and o avros cp. 1. 190 n.

1.

during the night.' The gen. of time is really a

denoting a period within which something takes place, as
'
'
finipas,
by day,' VVKTOS, by night." So in older English he did it>
o'
Observe
also
that
VVKTOS means generally by night,' TTJS
nights.'
'

1.

255. TTJS VVKTOS,

partitive gen.

'

'

VVKTOS,

'

during this particular night.'

'

1.

1.

257. uirero,
260. X OVTS

ri\9tv

Zx <av r v

was

following."

The

part.

tx 03v

Cp. II. 158 n.

ma y often be translated

he came with his

'

vlov,

'

with,' as

son.'

'

at that moment,' Lat. turn detnum.

8r) emphasises Tore,
267. oii-rws, 'in this order;' Cheirisophus leading and Xenophon
bringing up the rear (cp. 1. 256).
1.

263.

1.

1.

'

the provisions (which they had) were not

position of the article between the adjective and noun
the predicate of the sentence.
Cp. III. 206 n.

269. iKavo. TO,

makes

in.TT|Seia,

The

sufficient.'

lieava

1.

272. TOIS 6ma0o(j>v\ai. depends on (yi^vcro,

1.

273. Distinguish

gTiaro,
rJTtiTO, imperf. mid. of aire-cu,
1.

278.

o\>

'

<}>acriv

civai,

'

for the rear-guard.'

imperf. of ama-o/xai,
'

'I

blame,' from

I ask.'

say that there

is

not,'
'

Lat.

negant

esse.

word, I deny,' not I do not say.'

1.
279. 8vio civSpas, not dvSpf, because no stress is laid on the fact of
there being only two.
Cp. I. i, V. 17 n.
1. 282.
The opt.
l8iev, 3rd plur. opt. of olSa, whether they knew.'
here answers to imperf. subj. of indirect question after past time.
than (i. e. besides) the apparent one.' See above
TJ TT|V (j>avr]pcLv,

Ou-QrjiM

is

to be taken as one

'

'

'

1.

275

/xta iffrlv

6So, ^v opds.

NOTES.

134

Also for ou (j>aCr) 1. 285.

283. OUK ?4>T].
Cp. 1. 278 n.
'
284. optovros TOV tTtpov, the gen. absolute, the other seeing,'
before the eyes of the other.'
Cp. fiaviXfajs O.KOVTOS 1. 107 and n.
1.

1.

'

1.

286. irap' dvSpi, properly

virum.'

auTos

'

in

her husband's

house.'

i.

e.

'

Lat.

apitd

takes the simple dative.

The avros is
said that he would guide.'

'E/c-S/Sw/xi, 'I give in marriage,' usually

'

T]-yir)crecr9ai,

<(>T|

nom. before the infin. When the subject of the infinitive is the
same as that of the principal verb, the Greeks put it in the nominative,
In Latin this would be dixit se
not in the accusative as in Latin.
ducturum csse,' but (<f>rj avruv Tj-ffjafaOai would mean that some other
man would guide them.
the

'

1.
289. T-po-KaTa \T)4/oivTO. The////, opt. is used in a reported speech,
Here he
wherever the speaker himself would have used ih.efnt.ind.
would have said d /.irj npo-vara X-iyfyea-Qt TOVTO, dovvarov carat, etc.
1.
291. oo-ris 0t\oi av, who would be willing.'
Cp. 1. 233 n.
'

292. tiTrocrTds, 'having undertaken (the work).'

after iOt\oi av understood.
1.

'

1.

293.

<I>s,

as

'

it

were,"

e.

i.

Take iropeua0ai

about."

who were above,' i.e. the 2000

are supposed to have gained the summit.
1.
299. 4>avpav tKpacriv, the same as <l>av(pa.v odijv 1. 282, where see
note. But Xenophon here calls it an e/r/Jaais, or egress,' because it was
1.

avu ovras,

298. Totis

volunteers,

'

that those

who

'

of getting out of their difficulty.

1. 300. auroi, 'themselves,
i.e. the rest of the army,
remain below till the volunteers had secured the summit.

way

1.
305. ol irtpi iovres, the 2000,
the summit.

who were

who were

to

taking a circuitous route to

8i-<T<J>v8ovu>vTO, 'falling against the rocks

were

hurled about in fragments,' like stones from a sling (atyfvSwr)).

Ai

1.

309.

<{>po|i.tvoi. ..

[So Euripides (Phoenissae, 1190) says of

a man struck by lightning, <r4>vSovS.To \upls a\\rj\caf /t<Xj, ' his limbs
were shot far from one another," as if from a sling.]
signifies division into parts.

1. 311. XTJO-CIV, fut. of \avOavw,

unnoticed by the enemy.'
1. 313. ol 8t tx VT *s, etc.
Cp.
'

1.

31

7.

cLs,

as

1.

e.

320. 4>avtp

68a>.

Cp.
'

5-{a>voi,
327.
Cp. Lat. accinctus.
1.

295, 305.

318. irap'ov,
alongside of a thing, hence simply motion

1.

lit.

means 'get away

'

to get
1.

11.

air-i6vr(t

thinking that," etc.

leading to which.' napd. with

if,' i.
'

which with

11.

acciis. signifies

motion

to it.

282 n, 299 n.
or 'girt up for action,' hence 'active.'

well-girt,'.

The trumpet was the signal to let the otheri

328. rfj o-AXm-yyos.
that the 2000 had gained the height.
Cp. 1. 298.

know

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

IV.
1.

330.
*

KaorToi trv^ov ovTS,

{|

the English

where each party were

135
at the time,'

this use of the participle compare

'
I cease speaking' irauo/icu \tywv, I begin speaking,' dpxofuit

chanced

lit.

'

Cp.

being.'

'

1.

5 n.

[For

Xt-yuv, etc.]

655 would be 'the

333. Ttj av-rji 685, 'the same road;' [aurfj rf?
the very road.'
Cp. 1. 190 n.] So rw avrca rpoiry 1. 340,
itself' or
in the same way.'
1.

'

road
'

1.

346.

TW irpumo

'

X6<j)Cj>,

'

the

first

of

the

three

which

crests

'

Xcnophon's men had taken, mentioned in 1. 335 as overhanging the

road."
Some men had been left to guard this, while Xenophon with
It
the rest of the army went on to attack the next position (1. 340).
must not be confounded with the first position of all, which the
volunteers took.
'

\i<j)0tvTs,

from

from Xeurw

left,'

distinguish from \rj(f>9fvres,

'

taken,'

\anfiavco.

'to ask back.'

1. 350.
Distinguish from
dir-ijTei, imperf. of air-airi<a,
alnao^ai, 'I blame.' Cp. 1. 273 n.
'
ui TOVTCO coo-re [AT) d8iKiv, ' on condition of their not injuring
on this (condition) so as not to injure.' 'Em meaning 'upon,' and
lit.
;

'

'

the dative implying

basis,'
1.

hence

355.

'

8-r),

M with

'

rest at

'

on certain terms

or

'

dat.

means

'

resting on

a certain

conditions.'

'at once,' marking the precise moment at which the thing

was done.
'

tne Y gt-'
Cp. y(v6jt(vx, 1. 225.
Distinguish the tenses oi
358. KaT-f'ajjav, 1st aor. of KaT-d-yvv|ju.
'
'
Both verbs have the
I break," from those of dy-ca, I lead.'
ay-pv/tt,
fut. a<u, but the ist aor. of ayvvm is e'aa, that of 0170; (not often used) is
1.

356. t-yevovTO,

1.

^fa.

Also dyca makes its perf. ^xa

and means, I am broken.'

>

while the 2nd perf. of ayvvfu

'

is e'aya,

'

1.

359.

tnTao-irio-rfis,

armour-bearer,'

'

lit.

shield-supporter.'

The

dams, or large shield, was a great encumbrance when not in actual

use.
'

'
360. irpo-pa\X6|X6vos, putting forward as a defence.
those already posted there.' These
TOIS
362.
i]8Tj crwTTaY|Avois,
were the men whom Xenophon had ordered to march on (1. 345) while

1.

'

1.

he ascended the hill with a chosen band. They had halted under arms,
and were waiting for Xenophon in the road below.
1.

365. XUKKOI.S KovMvrots,

in the

'

plastered cisterns," made by digging holes

inside with lime (Kovia).
Many of

ground, and plastering the

these cisterns have been found in Syria and Kurdistan of the present
day.
[Aawcos is the same word as the Latin lacus.~]
1. 368. iravra TO,
all (the funeral rites) which are convo|j.i6p.cva,
sidered customary,' i. e. all the regular funeral rites.
'

KOTES.

136

CHAPTER

V.

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

'

as if they meant to hinder them.' So us

is KwXvo-ovras,
intKtioontvovs 1. 6 below.
Cp. II. 70 n.
collected.'
1. 6. <rw-iXYH-<vovs,
I gather,' has perf.
At'-yoi,
Aox<i,
iAt-y/taj, but only in compounds; A.'-ya>, 'I speak,' has no
perf. pass.
perf. act. in use, but perf. pass. \(\tyijat.
1.

2.

'

'

1.

9. avrdp-ciToi.,
'

moving

or

'

of their

'

self-acting,'

own

from

'

found in the old 2nd perf. ju'-jia-a.

will,' without any external force

own

'

accord.'

aiiros,

Avrtftaros

is literally

self-

'

and the stem jjia, to move,'

Hence it means acting of one's
and we call a self-acting machine
self,'

'

an automaton.
irpi-ppVT]vai, 2nd aor. pass, infin. of ittpi-pptoi, fut. f>tv-aonai, perf.
2nd aor. pass, kppv-rjv (with active meaning). In verbs begin-

fppv-T]Ka,

ning with p, the p is doubled (i) after the augment, as tp-peov, (a) after
a preposition ending in a vowel, as -ntpi-ppiia.
avru is the dativus comtnodi, lit. ' slipped round for him,' i.e. 'slipped
off him.'
1.

10. Bia-Paivtiv,

[Usually Sia-Paiydv

'

is

he went
'

to

'

free,'

lit.

with the legs apart (5m).'

'

go through' or go

across,' as in

11.

21, 23, 24,

25, etc.]

8uo vcavicrKw (dual) here, but rovs vtaviaKovs and ol

Because on theirs/ mention
(plural) in 11. 29, 35 below?
of the young men one's attention is directed to the fact of there being
1.

Why

1 7.

vtaviaKoi

'
two of them, whereas afterwards they are merely alluded to as the
young men," without any stress being laid upon this fact. But even in
the former case it was not thought necessary to put the verb in the dual;

so

we have

irpos-irpfxov, not irpos-iTptxinjv.

'

1.

20. Sxrittp
'

bags
1.
'

fiapo-iirovs,

what seemed

I.

n.
'

bags,'

lit.

as

it

were

Lat. quasi or lanquam.

22. ravTfl, sc.

Lat. qua.

where."

'

X"W>
Cp.

1.

at tm?s point.'

So

i),

'in

which place

'

71.
'

'

1.

Cp.
like

23. 8i-|Jaivop.v, imperf., tried to cross,' or began to cross.'

'
2nd aor. in next line, we (actually) did cross.'

But

8i-^T)(i.cv,
1.

24.

is vv<r6p.voi.

'fl

with

fut. part,

denotes a purpose.

Cp.

70 n.

For irpoerOtv followed by irpiv in the next clause cp. IV. lain.
L 30. Distinguish ravrd from rovro, Cp. I. 275 m

II.

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

1.

34.

v p.rcp

'

TOVTWV,

between them.'

o/a

thing, as p.lar) fjpipa or piaov

between, with the gen., as here.
1.

38.

dvd KpaTos.

jj/xt'pas

137

means

Mfffos
(II. 17)

(i) the
(2) a space

middle

midway

II. 5 n.

Cp.

'
when he had crossed.' The aor. in a minor
40. tire! SI-^PTJ,
sentence must often be translated by the pluperfect.
Cp. I. 254, II.

1.

118.
,

1.
43. TOVIS iroXejxiovs, etc., the Armenian infantry, who had been
drawn up on the higher ground behind the cavalry. Cp. 1. 4.
1.
48, us t'm-0T)cr6|j,evoi, in order to attack.'
Cp. II. 7 n
1.
Ta
51. <TKvo<j>6pu>v, neuter, as is shown by ra vno-\enr6n(va.
OKtv6<popa are the same as vwo&yia, 'baggage animals;' ot axtvcxpopot
'

are the sutlers or camp-followers, who helped to carry the baggage.

These are also called 6 oxAos (1. 53).

Distinguish
'

UtrcL ravra,

fxerd,

TOVTWV

'

(gen.),

after these things.'

'

with these,' or

128

I.

Cp.

these/ from

among

n.

dvTia avrois TO. oirXa,

drew up (his men) opposite
&to9ai oir\a means 'to pile arms/ or 'halt under arms' (cp.
I. 241 n.)
hence, with avria added, to take up a position under arms
over against the enemy."
1.

'

54. 4'0To

them.'

'

'
1.
55. -n-offiaacrOai TOVS Xoxovs, to form their companies* into divisions of so many men each.
Here the divisions were of twenty-five

Cp. IV. 1 79 n.
TWV KapSovxwv, 'towards the Carduchi.'
Ilpds roiis
KapSovxovs would mean to the Carduchi.'
oupayovs, 'leaders of the rear," from ovpcL, 'rear' (lit. 'a tail'), and
I lead.'
fjy-eo/jiai,
[The Greeks spoke of an army metaphorically as a

each, called ivoi^onai.

1.

56. irpos

'

'

wild beast
'

wing

hence crr^a,
'

;'

ir\fvpai,

flanks

'

mouth/
'

;'

ovpa,

'

i.
'

tail

e.

or

front

If there

'

Ktpas,

horn/

rear/]
so Tacitus describes the ancient

1.
59. <{>8as rtvas <j8ovTs ;
as singing while they advanced to battle.
1. 62. CKCIVOS
(Lat. ille), referring to Xenophon,

of the sentence.

'

were no pronoun

i.

e.

'

it

who

is

Germans

not the subject

would be doubtful whether

he or Cheirisophus was meant.

1.

1.

65. Ls Sia-pTjcroiitvovs.
Cp. II. 70 n.
66. irpoo-a) TOW TTOTajiov, ' far into the river/

lit.

'

to a further

point of the river/ the partitive genitive.

1.

67.

o-<|>ev86vnf],

here 'a stone from a

sling,"

though properly

the sling itself.

Hence enfiS^ atptvSovi) t-iKvotTo
got within a sling's cast.' Cp. 1. 261 n.
1.

68.

dams

'

tj'o^oi,

the slings of the

1.

enemy

a shield should ring/

striking on

70. TO iroXejxiKov, sc.

e.

it

means

as soon as they

with the missiles from

it.
'

<jrjp.fiov,

i.

'

the signal for battle

;'

i.

e.

what was

NOTES.

138

the usual signal for battle, and what the enemy would understand
as such, though the Greeks had orders to take it the contrary way
on this occasion.
sc. xfy>?

1.

71.

1.

72. ri\v

T},

'

TO.|;IV,

sive pronoun.

Cp.

'

where,' Lat. qua.

The

his station.'

Cp.

1.

article in

22 n.

Greek often = a posses-

15 n.

I.

'
I begin.'
1. 75.
Cp. II. 50 n. [But
TJPXOVTO, imperf. of dpxofim,
the imperf. of tpxapai does not seem to be used except in compounds, as

npor]px"l- >rl v

<

etc.]

1.

76. iopn.T)<rav.

1.

78. ert]|Aaut..
1.
70 n.

Cp.

Cp. IV. 204

n.

The

agreed upon to mislead

signal

the enemy.

1. 82. ol iroXXol, 'the

greater part." The article with vo\vs gives the
force of a superlative, hence ol iroAAoi = TrAtforoi.
1. 83. ol two Xipi(r64>ov, etc.
Cp. 1. 60.
'

1.
85. T\ 8ei, than they
tions given above in 1. 66.

ought to have done,' according to the instruc-

1. 88. TijXepoav iroTajiov, now the Kara Su, which flows into the
Eastern branch of the Euphrates.
The Greeks were now ascending
into the plain which lies below the still higher elevation of Erzroum.

of this district, especially at Erzroum itself, is unusually

and this was in the beginning of December. See
;

The cold

severe in winter

Table of Dates,

p. vii.

93. Tfjs VVKTOS, gen. of time.

Cp. IV. 255 n.
wore air-tKp\M|/, so that it covered ' (stating a fact)

1.

'

would mean

WOT* diro

'

with the intention of covering.'

What does /rat mean here? Cp. Lain.
1.
97. TIS Kal dXXos.
1.
98. <rx i fv (imperf.), 'began to cleave them,' or 'would cleave them.*
K TOVTOV.
Cp. I. 85 n.
'
to take up separate quarters.' Atd is connected
1. 100. 8ia-<ricT]VTJ<r<u,
with 5i and 8vo, and denotes separation or distribution into parts. Cp.

KpvvJ/ai (infin.)

IV. 309 n.

from bulimia' or ' became faint from

ravenous
hunger,' the prefix ov- (from
fasting."
'
an ox,') denoting anything large or excessive.
/3oOi,
[Thus /3oi>-irais
means an overgrown lout of a boy.' We use the prefix horse in the
'

1.

107.

povXi(i,la(rav,

Bov-XijxCa

suffered

is literally

'

'

same way, as

'

in

'Aors-chestnut/ Aors-laugh.']
'
complaint,' from iraO- the stem of 7raerx, ( =
[From the corresponding Latin word patior we get

108. irdOos,

1.

'I suffer.'

meaning one who

1.

1.

is ill, lit.

'

<J>aYovTs = tl

v&9-fffc<u),
'

patient,'

sufferer.
'

(fta-foidf,
109.
(/"they ate.'
Cp. I. 261 n.
116. Distinguish avrai, nom. pi. fern, of QVTOI, 'this,' from aural,

nom.

pi. fern,

of

'

aiirut,

self.'

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

rtvs

who

'

titv,

they were' the opt. in an indirect question.

139
Cp. IV.

282 n.
1. 1 20.
Kcajxapx^v, head man,' a sort of chief magistrate or bailiff of
the village, responsible of course to the Persian government.
'

1.

Lat.

123. ol
'

'

H.TJ

8wdp,6voi,

whoever were unable/ =

ti rivts

IJ.TJ

Svi'cuvro,

si

qni nequirent.'
126. 8i-4>0apjjivoi

TOVIS 6<}>0aX(xoiJs, 'having their eyesight de'destroyed in respect of their eyes.' So in next line dnoaiai]tr<jTfs roiis SOKTV\OVS.
1.
129. rijs x^vos, from the snow/ lit. 'as regards the snow,' gen. of
1.

lit.

stroyed,'

'

respect.
shoes on.'
These were sandals,
by straps going round the feet.
Hence viro-btoj (lit. 'I tie below') means 'I put on sandals,' and wrroStdtptvoi, in a middle rather than a passive sense, is
having their
sandals on their feet.'
1.
134. -yap explains the reason why they suffered in the manner
described, i.e. because their new shoes were made of undressed leather.
'

with their
132. -inro-SeSsntvoi,
consisting of a mere sole fastened
1.

'

1.

is

Why

used as a present.

preposition in (-KaO-rjutjv
1.

meaning of imperf. because

the augment placed before the

140. tKaO-rjvTo, pluperf. of KaO-tjuai, with

KaO-rjfjiai

141. OUK

?<|>acrav.

dent occurred which

attempting to bury
him.

is

?
Cp. IV. 60 n.
Cp. IV. 278 n.

It

was here that the

inci-

relates in chap. VI. 275, of a soldier

a sick comrade, to save the trouble of carrying

Xenophon

1.

145.

'

1.

'

7?/ca>,

1.

tpvfiiiv,

'to frighten,' Lat.

terrere,

from

to fear,' Lat. timere,

fJKo.v, ist

150.

ist aorists

of

Distinguish

<|>op-?j<rai.

<po&(?o&m,

aor. of

which end
am come.

in

ir)i*i.

*E0j;/i, JjKa,

Do

-o.

and

not confuse

toa/co.

Tj/cav

are the three

with ^ov, imperf.

156. o-Kexj/ojitvovs, fut. part, 'to see,' Lat. visuros.

The Greek infin. can be used to ex158. irap-cSocrav KO|UCIV.

press a purpose or intention, instead of iva or OJTCOS with the subj. and opt.
In Latin you could not say 'aegrotos iis tradiderunt portare,' but 'tit
1.

portarent.'

Latin.
1.

from
1.

The Greek
III.

Cp.

197

infin.

is

much more

like the English

169. oivos KpiOivos, probably a sort of 'whisky,' as

its effects.

Cp.

1.

would appear

172.

170. Distinguish aural al KpiOat, 'the grains thenif elves,'

aura! npiOal,

'

than the

n.

from at

the same grains.'

Cp. IV. 190 n.

'unmixed,' from a, 'not,' and tetpavvvfu

1. 172. aKparos, lit.

(perf.
'
-Kpa-a), I mix.' Hence (of wine) strong,' because the ancients
generally mixed their wine with water before drinking.
'

NOTES.

140

173. tirtC TIS erw-0i<r0iTj, 'as soon as one got used to

tirel implies 'whenever the time
might be.'

1.

with

it.'

The opt

1. 1 76. *doriv, not the Colchian Phasis, which flows westward into
the Euxine, but the Araxes or modern Aras, which flows eastward into
the Caspian Sea.
This latter river also had the name of Phasis, and
Xenophon seems to have confounded the" two. The district is still

called Pasin,

and the

river Pasin Su.

irapa, not 'to' the river Phasis, but 'along*

it.

Tfj-eis-T6-7T5iov-v7rp{3oXTJ.
Cp. I. 109 n.
1. 182. TOV
opovs.
Distinguish opos, gen. optos, -ovs, neut. 'a

from

tain,"
1.

185. <*>s
'as quickly as possible.'

i.e.
1.

191, ws
1. 1 86.

moun-

'

gen. opov, masc. a boundary.'

Taxio-ra, lit. 'as (anyone would

opos,

pqij-ra. 1.

Lat.

192, us (\axt(TTOvs

qnam
1.

do

most quickly.'
Cp. us Kpanara

it)

celerrime.

193.

The

accent on ot does not belong to it, but is thrown back

from the re following. Therefore ot is the article with troAt^uoj, and

words

the intervening

=an

t>w-f)fMs-6put>T(s are taken together as

Cp. I. 109 n.

one word

epithet of JTO\/KO.

1.
him,' to be distinguished from fifrcLTOvrov,
189. HTCITOVTOV, '//
'with him.' Cp. /T(i ravra I. 128 and n.
'

'

I.
190. Y L Y vc )crKa) j I judge* r decide,' to be distinguished from oiSa,
'I know.' YiywaKtiv means 'to get a notion* of a thing, hence 'to
learn,' 'perceive,' or, 'judge.'
[There is much the same difference
'

between the French connailre and savoir."]

II.
191, 192, 193. us KpAno-TO, us ^9<rra, is
1.

Xaxicrrovs..

Cp.

185 n.

194. K\i)/ai TV TOW opovs, lit. 'to steal a portion of the mountain,'
our way over the mountain.* K\tnr(tv means (i) ' to steal,'
(a) 'to do anything by stealth,' just as we speak of stealing a march
upon the ene.my. The point of the banter* in the following extract
1.

i.

e. 'steal

'

the double meaning of the word.

When at and 5i
196. KCU...SC.

lies in
1.

come

in

the

same

clause,

emphasises the word which follows it. Here

it is not
impossible even (fat) to steal our way."
1.
The
199. ardp, but yet,' marking a sudden change of thought.
precise idea is but, in consequence of thinking of the matter again,' etc.
couples the sentence,
'
and (or but) I think

teal

'

'

'

<rvix-f3dXXo|juu \6-yovs,

I talk,' lit.

'

put words together," Lat. conferre

sermones.
1.

201. IK

-n-aiScov,

'from childhood,'

lit.

'from (being) children.' Lat.

a pueris.
1.

1.

202. oo-a vofio;

p.T|

KwXvci, 'whatever the law does not forbid.'

I23n.
1.

203.

us KpdnoTa.

Cp.

1.

185 n.

Cp.

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

1.

2O6. KX*1TTOVTtS Tl TOW OpOVIS.

Cp.

TrXrjYns Xd.p&>n,v literally refers to the

i. 1 94 H.
punishment

141

inflicted at

Sparta

upon those who were caught stealing. (Cp. 1. 204.) As applied to the
present circumstances it means being beaten by the enemy.
[This law of theft was one of the institutions ascribed to Lycurgus.
By it the Spartan boys were not encouraged to steal in all cases, but
only to obtain the necessaries of life; and if caught they were punished,
not for the theft itself, but for having done the work badly.
By thus
forcing them to depend upon their own exertions for a bare subsistence,
Lycurgus hoped to make them hardy and effective soldiers.]
'

'

1.

dXXd

207.

'

ficvToi,

'

let

me

The fjtiv has

perhaps an old form of

well, as for that.'

of 'indeed' or 'certainly;' TOI

is

its

aoi,

usual force

and means

tell

you.'
1.208. Setycvs

tcXsirmv,

'clever

at

Afii/o*

stealing.'

'
(2) wonderful,' (3) 'clever;' compare our
'
terrible hand' at anything, i. e. very clever' at doing it.

'terrible,*

means

(i)

expression

'a

rd 8i](i6(na, the public money' sc. xfrntMTa

The readiness of all
public officers to take bribes was a crying evil in the Athenian re'

public.

What does KOI mean here? Cp.

209. Kal aoi.
211. KaTa-XrjvJ'ojJievos, fut. part.
Cp. 1. 156 n.

1.

1.
1.

215. tis TO iaov T|}UV,

'to

level

with

us.*

I.

21 n.

Lat.

in

aeqvum

descendere.
1.

216. KaC here introduces a sudden

be translated
teat

TTWS

'
;

bill

'

how ?

1.

217. dXXd,

1.

219. 6iroT

aavro

'

they

[This force of

but.'

'

'

'

or,

how

and impatient

teal is

commonly

objection,

and may

seen in the phrase

then ?']

nay but.'

?x ovv the optative depending on the past tense tiroiT|that as soon as they get possession of
.

made an agreement

the heights they should light many fires.' The orders given to the
OTTOTCIV i?X'r T * T(* <*pa, irvpa tenure 7roAA.d.
volunteers would be
1. 221. dirTT|pxovTO,
imperf. of dir-fpxo/Mi, not dir-apxoncu.
Cp.
l

75 n.
1. 228.
t<j>-eiirTo, imperf. of
IV. 160 n.

1.

1.

233.

Taoxus, probably

and Erzroum,

But

ecp-e'wo/tcu

the

(tvl

district

this part of the route is

and

IJTO^CU), cp. II.

258,

between the modern Kars

l
extremely uncertain

1
Ainsworth (Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand) places the
Taochi a long way northward in Georgia, and carries the Greeks so far out
But Grote (Hist, of Greece, Appendix to chap. Ixx)
of their direct route.
takes them only to the level of Erzroum, and argues that the time spent ou
the march is "fully accounted for by the difficulties of the way.

NOTES.

142
1.

ni

\/fi

234. Distinguish OJKOW, imperf. of

o?', from

<vx6(* r) v> imperf. of

lint

Verbal adjectives in -reos imply

238. aiptTcov, 'must be taken.'
gerundive, as amamlits), those in -TUS imply possibility,
(Lat. adj. in -bills, as amabilis).
Cp. IV. 142 n.
1.

necessity (the Lat.

tern, the

/>res.,

The sense is
we take this

not tarai, the future, although

'we have no provisions now,

tf /x^ \r)i//6nt9a

[/tor shall

we

follows.

get any"] unless

fort.'

imparai, the subj. (contracted from Trftpaijrai}, not the indie.,

(from irftpafTai.) All compounds of av, as iav, OTO.V, etc. take the subjunctive mood.
Cp. III. 67 n.
Here and in 1. 250 xupiov means 'a space of ground;' else1. 246.
where (as in 1. 236) it means 'a fort.' It is properly a diminutive of
1.

-242.

Xcupa,

i.

'a

e.

little place.'

about fifty yards.

measure of length = 101 English feet.
1.

247. TpCa T)p,i-ir\0pa,

1.

252.

VTavi0a tvOev, 'to a point whence."

The

ir\f0pov

was a

'EvravOa properly means

'in this place,' answering to the question where 1 but it is often used
after verbs of motion, answering to the question whither 1
So we com-

monly say
1.

1.

and where

here, there,

for hither, thither,

and whither.

128 n.
every time he ran forward,' Lat. quoties
Conjunctions of time with the opt. often denote repeated

255. jiTl TOVTO.

Cp.
260. tirel irpo-Spajxoi,

procurreret.

1.

189,

I.

'

action, 'whenever.'
1.

261. a|xag<u,

tains, just

as in

1.

'

waggon-Zoarfs.'

67

*A/jaa

meant the

a<f>tvS6vrj

is

stone

here put for what it confrom a sling and not the

sling itself.
1.

262.

be the
1.

The ou goes

'
closely with irpuros,
fearing lest he should not
to run,' etc., Lat. ' veritus ne non primus percurreret.'
'
'
\ap.&a.vtiv is to take' and
iri-\a(ip(iviTai, catches hold of.'

first

265.

*.afjfidvea0ai (middle), 'to take hold of,' and governs

the genitive (TTJS trvot).
But the active \an@avftv also takes the gen.
of ihe part seized, as t\a/3oi' TTJS {UVTJS I. 276.

governs the accus.,

I.

I.

266. fird TOVTOV.

1.

269. Distinguish ratrrd,

1.

1.

1.

270. KaTa-pptvJ/ovra.
1.

189 n.

the same,' from ravra,

'

these things.'

Cp.

For the doubling of p

in

compound

verbs

9 n.

i iri-XajtpdvTai avrrjs, cp. 1. 265 n.

273. 4>tp6|icvok 'with a rush,' lit. 'being borne along.'

271.

impetu

Lat.

cum

possibly a north-western

tri-

delati.
'

ivTtvdtv,
1.

I.
'

n.

275

cp.

Cp.

hence,'

277. "Apiracrov.

i.

e.

'

in

consequence of this.*

The Harpasus

is

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

V.

143

butary of the Araxes (called Phasis

in 1. 1 76.) It has been supposed that

after crossing the latter river the Greeks had marched nearly too miles
out of their way to the north east, and were now returning in a

direction nearly parallel to their former route, through the country

of the Chalybes. (See foot-note on p. 141.)
But it is more likely that
the Harpasus is the modern Tchorak Sn, which flows into' the Black Sea

near Batoum.
1.

(See Vocabulary.)

280. orevT

of,'

n.

255
1.

1.

'in five days.'

The genitive implies dose
'within' a certain period.
Cp. TTJS VVKTOS IV.

Tipuptov,

connexion, 'a part

have been

from

'a boundary.* Cp.

but it appears to
the direct road to Trapezus, into which the Greeks

282. Distinguish opos, 'a mountain,'

182 n.

Where
off

this

Theches was

returned, after dismissing their guide

is

(1.

opos,

uncertain

300.)

'from time to time' or 'in succession.' Cp. rov uu

fv-Tvyxdvovra IV. 127 n. The next dei means 'continually.'
6ov Spojxcp. Cp. II. 54 n.
1.288. ni6v TI, 'something very important,' lit. 'greater (than,
1.

287. dei,

ordinary).'
1.

295. irpi-c|3aXXov.

embrace' or

'fell to

Note

the force of the imperf., 'they began to

embracing.'

1.
iroioficn.
The change to the historical pres. from
296. <f>f po-ucri.
the past tenses afp-'tKovro, irfpi-i^aKKov marks the rapidity of the action.
[There is a good English example of this change of tenses in the
.

in the story of

Pilgrims Progress,
gettelh

him a cudgel, and

goeth

Then he falls upon them, and

Giant Despair: 'So when he

down

beats

into the

them

in

arose,

dungeons to them

he
.

such sort that they were not

able to help themselves.']

1. 301. TTJS VVKTOS.
Cp.

1. 280, IV. 255 n.

a high mountain-range,' running east and west, parallel
The Colchi occupied the coast of the Euxine from
to the sea-coast.
Trapezus to the Phasis (beyond Batoum).
'

opos |AYa,

'

1.

306. dvTt-irap-6Ta|avTO (JxiXaY'ya,

drew up against them

in line?

The word

does not necessarily mean a compact mass ; it was

<t>d\ay
only the Macedonian phalanx that was so, and our use of the term
comes from this. The proper meaning is a line,' Lat. acies, as opposed
to a column.' In the present instance the Greeks first formed a line, but
'

'

finding this inconvenient for

marching up the

'

hill,

they

disposed their

companies in coltimns' (kiroi-fiaavro opQiovs rovs \6xovsl. 313). [Soldiers

cannot march ' in line' (i. e. standing side by side) unless the ground is
quite clear, like a parade ground.
Going along roads and all ordinary

marching

is

done in column,' i. e. some four or more abreast, and the

behind in a string.]

rest following

'

NOTES.

T44

The Greeks use what is really the

1.
310. KwVuoucri TO JIT) uvai.
We say
natural method of putting a 'not' in each part of the sentence.
'

prevent (i.e. 'do not

[Cp.

being.'

negatives in I. 141 n.]

irdXat crn-ijSop.v,

They say 'prevent your [not]

IV. 242, and the multiplied

your being.'

let,')

Kon\vcrovffi

/J.T)

okiaOaveiv

we have long been desiring.' The Greeks use

with a present or imperfect, where we use a perfect, as rro\a
1
'
'
I have long seen," Lat. jamdudum* or jampridem video.
311. wjiovs KaTa-4>aYiv, 'eat up alive,' lit. 'eat up raw,' a pro'

jraAai thus
'

upSi,
1.

verbial expression for the quick and utter destruction of people you
hate.
[Cp. Homer, Iliad v. 35 ufj.ov fitfipwOois Tlpiapov Tlpianotu rt
naioas, mayst thou devour Priam and his sons alive.']
'

'
in columns.'
Cp. 1. 306 n.
running at full speed.' Cp. II. 54 n.
1.
319. TWV Kijpuov, the partitive genitive, as we say to eat of a thing.'
Thus mvf.iv rov oivov is ' to drink some o/the wine,' but irivav TOV olvov
would be to drink up all the wine.'

X6xvs,

1.

313. opOiovs rotis

1.

315. Spojjuo Ot'ovTas,

'

'

'

same hour'

322. TT|V aunr]v topav, i.e. 'the

taken ill the day before.
1.

'

dv-c4>p6vovv,

as

began to recover their senses.*

'

in

ava-Oapptiv,

at

["Awl,
to take heart again,' ava-irvtlv,

which they were

means ' up
'

to

again,'

recover

one's

breath.']
!
3 2 3- TP^T) Ka^ TT<pi~rj f||xtpa, 'on the third or fourth day,' lit.
(some) on the third and (others) on the fourth day.' So fit ica! Svo,
one or two,' Lat. unus ei alter.'
This poisonous honey seems to have been obtained from the flower of
a kind of azalea, still common in those parts.

'

'

The name
325. TpawtfoOvra, Trapezus, the modern Trebisond.
from rpdntfa,
a table,' because of a hill near the town, level at
the top and forming a 'table land.' Cp. the 'Table' Mountain near
1.

'

is

the
1.

Cape of Good Hope.

As
330. l<TTT|K<rav.

am

'I

was

the perf. farrjita

is

standing.'

[The

pluperf.,

perf.,

the other tenses are transitive.

Cp.

II.

and 2nd

99

1.

336.
'

it

5u

ourovs,

was necessary

'

force

and means

of an imperf.,

aor. are intransitive,

n.]

1. 331. TW d/ywyi.
Distinguish afwv, -Sivot,
'
-ovros, pres. part, of 070;, I lead.'

lit.

intransitive

standing,' the plupeif. tlaTijKtiv has the

they were required

'a contest,' from ay<av t

'

by the rule of the race

for them.'
'

1.

338. POJJIOV, probably the altar' on which the customary sacrifices

offered before the games, and which now served for a goal.

bad been
[But

/3w/td

(from stem pa-

in Baivoa),

to which you go up, Lat. suggestus."]

'

step,'

may mean any raised

place

TRAPEZVS AND STNOPE.

VI.

CHAPTER

145

VI.

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

watches," from

'

1.

4. <j>xiXo.Kas,

which would make

<f>v\aK?j,

'

not from

</>uA.a

a guard,'

ace. pi. c/>i5\a/zs, cp. III. 201 n.

'

\Y OU they applauded [saying] that he spoke well,' the optamarks an oblique or reported speech after past time.
Distinguish ravrd, the same,' and ravra, these things ;' cp. I. 275 n.

1.

8.

'

tive

'

'

1.

ta-r' av,

Cp.
1.

may

12. irepi.fi.evT

III.

i.

67

e.

'

tare av,

be

indie, or imperative.

until.'

Compounds

The

sense decides.

of av take the subjunctive.

n.

ist aor. pass, of TJSo^at.

Distinguish tfaOrjv from
2nd aor. of aladavonai, which has (i) no aspirate, (2) the i

13. TJ<T0T)crav,

TJaOonrjv,

siibscriptiim.
'

Cp. V. 185 n.
Cp. note on l/f TOVTOV I. 85.
'Em with the accus. signifies motion
1.
towards a thing, hence for the purpose of." Cp. IV. 209 n. [In English
upon was once used in the same sense, and we still speak of going upon
1.

1.

14.

is

Taxicrra.,

as quickly as possible.'

15. tv <jj, sc. xpo^y, 'while.'

'
to get booty.'
irl Xeiav,
16.
'

an errand.]
I.

the

21. [ju]Tp6iroXis here

word

means 'chief town' or 'fort,' just as we use

But it usually means the mother-city' of a
'

'

metropolis.'

colony.
<ruv-ppvT|Ke(rav
pica cp.

V.

pluperf. of avp-pto)

= <rw-/>ew).

For the tenses of

9.

So in Latin valde, con1. 22. ttrxvpus, 'exceedingly,' lit. 'strongly.'

'
tracted from valide, means very,' as valde magmis, etc.
'approaches [were] difficult.'
For the distinction beimperf. of aw-i-nopai.

1.

23. irpoaoSoi,

1.

25. aw-ei-n-ovTo,

dirufjnjv and tlirov cp. II. 158 n.

26. irXeiovs, being for ir\fiovts, is the nominative.

tween
1.

1.31. 8r0a.i Ta
I.

241
1.

ci

oirXa,

'to stand under arms,'

or 'to halt.'

Cp.

n.

35. eio, imperf. of taw, contr. for flat, the augment contracting into
because of a lost letter f (the digamma), which came
t\,

instead of

between the two

1.

's.

Cp.

280.

I.

36. iroifjaai TOV Xoxov,

'

to form his company.' Lat. aciem instrvere.

39. 8i-Tj'yKvXw|ivovs, 'having (their fingers) passed

the loop (ayub\Ti) of the javelin,' i. e. ready to hurl it.
1.

through

(8(d)

NOTES.

146

m rats vsvpais,

1.40. tm-j3pX-qnvovs

on the

i.

string,"

e.
'

'having (their anows) fixed

ready to shoot.
a hide,' here a leathern bag" or
'

'

pouch'

1.41. 8i4>9pa,
stones it was hung from the slinger's neck.

for carrying

1.

mid.

XoYX al

K.T.X. are in apposition to

1.

44.

1.

45. tjcrav ot, 'some,'

\Ve have

wv

tlalv ot

lit.

and rjaav ot
and so in the other
'

47. ucrTt

dvtp-rjcrav,

ra &t\T].

'there were (those) who.' Lat. erant qui.

in the nominative
but eorrlv wv for tlalv

in the genitive,
1.

from vap-fffxtvaaaTo,

42. irap-tcrKcuaoTO, plupf. pass., distinguish

ist aor.

cases.

so that they scaled

it,* i. e.

in consequence of

Agasius and Philoxenus were enabled to scale the

"Clart when it marks that a result actually did occur
fort unarmed.
when it simply means a probable result,
does not affect the mood
takes the infinitive.
it
Compare the English 'so that he did' and
so as to do it.'
For /*rd, 'after,' with the accus. cp. V. 189,
1.
48. ficrd TOVPTOVS.
I. I28n.
the

enemy

retiring,

1.

49. tjXuicci, plupf. of aXiaiconai.

The

'

were distinguished from the 4-Xoi,

by wearing the small shield
(ir('A.T7/).
They came therefore between the ^iXo< and the 6w\ircu or
heavy-armed." Among the ^iAoJ were included the slingers* (ffftvSoVTJTOI) and the 'archers' (TOOT<Z<).
1.
55. & tXoJJov, what they had taken.' The aor. in a minor sentence
must often be rendered by the English pluperf. Cp. I. 254 n., II. 118 n.
1.

50.

ircXTao-rai,

'light-armed* (also

targeteers,'

called

-yi;/-^ra<)

'

'

'

1.

K-iriirrovTs, 'driven out.'

57.

in-l3d\\(u, especially in the

phrase

'EK-TTIVTIU is

used as the passive ot

(K-iritrT(tt> rijs irarpiSos,

'

to be

banished

[So xcf/uu = I am placed' (pass, of riOnfu), droI am killed' (pass, of diro-/rr<V<u).]

Orr)ait<a,
Distinguish dxpd, fern. sing, 'a citadel,* from dicpd, neut. pi. of
'

from one's country.'

'

'

oKpov, heights/
L 60. The first infin.
Ifvai

infin.
'

it,
1.

Cp.
1.

upon

Xa^dvctv depends on ^ouXo^tvovs, the second

TOW 0ov\optvov as the ace. before

dv-turctv, with

who wished

to proclaim thai those

63.

?9vro TO

'

oirXa,

grounded

to

take anything should go

their shields,'

inside.'

posted themselves.'

31 n, I. 241 n.
67. X^m-lov, 'to be taken ;' for force of -riot cp. V. 238 n.
'
KCU
or' as we should say ; lit. both remaining
Kai, either
7

1.

'

1.

1 .

. .

and going away were

1.

72.

iL,

difficult.'

'while.*
'

76. xa(, also,'

rovrcav ruiv otKtwy.

i.

1. 15 n.
as well as those on the right

Cp.
e.

so

1.

78 *oi <Ui

VI.

1.

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

77. Kai, 'even,' 'quite,' i. e. the houses not

Cp. I. 21 n.

747

merely 'caught

but

fire'

did so 'rapidly.'

1.
79. TO p.crov IO.UTWV tea! TWV iroXejuuv,
and the enemy.' Cp. V. 34 n.
1.
84. Distinguish aur-f\s T-fjs dicpas from

'

the space between them

TTJS

O.VTTJS

diepas,

IV.

cp.

190 n.
1.

88. dir-iTov, Lat.

abeundum

esse

-rios implies

'

must.'

Cp. V.

238 n.
1.

89. TOVS virtp TSTTapaKOvTO,

ITTJ,

just as

we

'

say

over

forty.'

The

phrase would be TOVS vnlp mrapaKovra trrj yeyovoras (' born.*)

1.
^Kfvaiv is partitive, offa JJLTJ
91. [rocra-uTa] TWV cnctuuuv ocra (JLTJ.
means all which were not required & ov would mean those particular
ones which.' Cp. ocra vo/ios pf) KU\V(I V. 202 and n.
full

'

1.

92. KepacroOvra, Cerasus or Kerasunt, noted as being the place

cherries were imported into Europe by the Roman general

from which

hence the Lat. name Cerasus.

d\\T|\v, the gen. after crw-T]Kovov, they could hear each other
shouting.' The imperf. denotes whenever they shouted their neighbours
could hear them.' For aicovetv with the gen. cp. II. 43 n.
Koi\T), 'hollow,' i. e. 'full of hills and dales.*
1.
104. TWV eviSaifiovwv, 'the richer sort;' tv-Saifiaw is from tu, 'well,'
and Saincw, fortune,' hence literally blest by fortune,' i. e. prosperous,'
wealthy.' So in English the notions of weal and wealth, prosperity
and riches are closely combined.
Herodotus mentions the practice of tattooing' as
crriYp.fvotJS.
prevalent among the Thracians of the upper classes.
The opt. here is like the imperfect subjunctive
1. 108. ofls 8i-XOoiv.
of a minor sentence in oblique oration. The direct statement would be
Lucullus, B.C. 73
1.

'

101.

'

'

'

'

'

OUTOI (iapPapuTaTOi Tjo-av iravrcav, ovs 8i-T|\0oj*ev.

1.

in. irpA^iav

dv,

sc. avOpwiroi,

from

1.

109, i.e.

'what people

in

general would do.*

1. 112. 8t-\YVTO lavTois, etc. 'they would talk to themselves and
laugh at themselves,' i. e. when quit alone.
oirou fuxpitv.

Cp. V. 173
1.

122.

The

opt. here adds to orrov the sense of

'

wherever.'

n.

K 2ivwir]s.

Sinope was the parent

city,

of which Cotyora

was a colony.
1.

123. Seivos

Cp. V. 208
1.

1.

125.
126.

compound
1.

XYtv,

'clever at speaking,' Lat. habilis

ad dicendum.

n.

K TOVTOV.

Cp. I. 85 n.
viov, imperf. of (fvifa.
with the prep. (.

Do

not mistake this verb for a

127. aurwv, 'from them,' 'of them," gen. after nwOavo^at,

L 2

NOTES.

148
'

1.

13

r.

?ofjuv

irpct-yp.aTa,

shall

have trouble.'

'a thing

is lit.

Upay^ta

done,' in pi. irpay/Mra, 'affairs, 'business,' hence 'troublesome business.'

irXeiw, contr. from irXtiova, comp. of iroXvs.
1.

we

tivou. TOVS p.axop.tvovs, 'you

have no trouble).
134. a yi'yvGjcrKu, 'what I think.'
137,.

will

have to be the

fighters' (and

shall

1.

from

ol8a, cp.

V. 190

For yiyvuffKu,

as distinguished

n.

1.
136. KaT-ex o H* v 'ov
'/held,' because of the ap, 'in that case,' which
follows with b'vvaivTo.
Cp. IV. 234 n.
1. 137. ouSf, 'not even.'
'

>

ol

7rdvTs

'

dvOpoj-iroi,

all

men combined? Of

iravrts

means the whole'

'

or 'all collectively? irdvra means 'every' or 'all distributively?

1.
141. "AXuv, for the Ilalys and the other rivers, see

Map

at

the end.
1. 142. rcL irXoia.
Observe the force of the article, 'the transports'
which you will require. 'Who will give?' is a more lively way of
saying no one will give.'
Biop^r*, the aorist gives the force of a perf. subj., shall once have
'

'

crossed.'
1.

144. \itv

oviv.

Ovv means

'in fact I think,' 'in consequence q/'what I

have told you,' the plv really belongs to rrjv-KaTcL-y^v-iruptiav, which is

opposed to lai/ 8t irXtrjTf.
1.
Heraclea (Pontica), situated on the Lycus in
146. 'HpaxXtiav.
Its king Lycus was said
Bithynia, was a Greek colony from Megara.
to have treated the Argonauts with kindness.
The modern Erekli is
only a small part of the ancient city, but there are extensive ruins, and
traces of old walls, to the east and north.
1. 151.
irl TOVTOIS,
'with a view to this,' i.e. to see what was the
will of the

gods

in the matter.

152. XtlOpa orrpanwruiv, Lat. clam militilus;

without the knowledge of.'
1.

'

\dOpa with gen.=

Silanus was an Ambracian prophet, who had foretold to Cyras, before

the battle of Cunaxa, that the king would not fight within ten days.
For this prophecy Cyrus gave him ten talents, which he wanted to

home safely to Greece (1. 154); hence his opposition to Xenophon's scheme.
the majority,' lit. the many,' the article imply1. 1 58. rots iroXAois,
ing a division into two parts, of which the other was smaller ; hence
'
iroAXof, many,' but ol troXXoi, most,' like a superlative.
take

'

'

'

1.

160.
'

(ifoiMt,
1.
1.

169.

151-

<}>6|3i](rav.

am
Tii

Distinguish between <o/3'a), 'I frighten,' and $0-

frightened,'

Tovrcp,

i.

e.

'

I fear.'

'with this object.'

Cp. note

on

TOVTOII

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

1. 172.
vir-Apt,, not merely
with' [and you will get others].

tffrai,

149

but 'shall be with you

to

start

'

'

'Ev marks
1. 1
74. v TOVTOJ, sc. xP^ v Vt meanwhile,' for the time.'
the time within or during which anything takes place.
Cp. kv y 11.

15,72.
1.

1.

Aew

176. OTTWS \*^w.

might also be the

1

must be

aor. subj.

though

in

form

it

fut. indie.
'

TOVTOV el a[Aivov ITJ, about this very point, [to

AVTOS retains the meaning of ipse not only in
gen., dat., and ace. also, when attached to a noun or a pro-

78. ittpi aviTO-G

see] if it

were

nom. but

in

better."

noun as here,
1.

181.

ort,

But

below.

because the

<{>aCvoiTO.

and that

Silanus said,

it

it

is ort
'

'

plotting

The opt. shows that this was merely what

might not be true. So also us tyui 8ia-vooip,Tjv

avros lir-tpovXeve (the indicative) in the next line,

of Silanus was a certain fact.

See note on I. 12.

&v to-Koirouv, 'if I had been observing you, etc.,
... I should have [now] been considering (imperfect).' Aorists would
mean, if I had seen you, I should have considered.'
1.
that we should sail away in
191. The stress is on <rcoo[Atvovs,
I.

183. 8ia-|3dX\iv.

1.

185. et 'topcov

..

'

'

safety.'
'
\.
194. -yfyvwo-Kw, I perceive,' or I judge,' lit. I get knowledge,' as
'
distinguished from olSa, I know.'
if you are together,' = lav j$T.
ojxoti ovTts,
'
1.
195. KCU ?vTip.oi ecreaOe, then you will both be held in honour.'
'

'

'

1.
1.

199. TauTa.
Cp. II. 143 n.
'
200. cv a<r4>a\i, in safety.'

tively.

Cp. tv dnopois,

etc., III.

Lat. tuto.

50

The

adj. is

used substan-

n.

KpivccrOai depends on ooxti.

eirl TOVTOIS, lit.
1. 201.
on these conditions,' i. e. 'for this proposal,'
signifying their assent to what had been proposed.
'

1.

202. TOV povXdjxevov,

'

lit.

that he

who wished,'

i.e.

'whoever- wished,'

= carts povXoiro.
1.

'

204. airo-SiSpdo-KovTa,

trying to run away,' (force of the present").

For the meaning of dTro-SiSpdffKoj

1.

205. vnr-to-xovTO.

cp. I. 272 n.
Translate by the pluperf.,

'

had promised,' and

cp. I. 254, II. 118 n.

one word, = ' refused.' Cp. IV. 278 n.

This is the Colchian Phasis, which rises in
Mount Caucasus and flows westward into the Euxine. It is not the
same Phasis as the one mentioned in V. 176, which was properly called
the Araxes.
Cp. V. 176 n.
L 214. tiTvOovro, 'heard,' 2nd aor. of irv(>')0-o>'-o/xai, 'I learn by
I.

206. OVPK

?<J>ao-av, in

I.

210. tls

"MoTiv.

NOTES.

150

The pres. is doubly nasalized (like \a(v)Q-dv-<u, etc.) by the

enquiry.'
insertion of v and of the syllable ov.
Cp. note on rvy \avaj I. 220.
1. 215. Sia-vootro,
was intending,' or 'intended,' not 'would intend;'
'

for the opt. after t\f-f(v OTI cp.

218. icvxAoi,

1.

'

'

1.

219. <is Tax<-crra,

1.

-220.

V. 9
1.

1.

184

n.

'

circles,' i.e.

groups."
as soon as possible.'

avTOfiaTOvs, 'of their

own accord"

Cp. V. 185

n.

'

[lit.

self-moving'].

Cp.

n.

For axovtiv with gen. of the person

222. TJKovj-av TOV KTjpuKos.

cp. II.

43

n.

1. 224.
8ia-pdXXiv. Cp. 1. 183 above, and I. 12 n.
'
is, supply qaaKOVTa to agree with rtva, saving that,' etc.
1. 226.
'I
am
or
shown,'
4>aivttjj.a.i,
'proved;' rather stronger than

which would mean, 'if I seem in your opinion to be doing wrong;'

aoiKiiv would mean,' if I am clearly doing wrong.'
227. cTTi-Otre p.ov SIKTJV, impose a. penalty on me,' i. e. punish me.'

SOKUI,

'

<paii'oj/j.ai
1.

Cp.

'

'

I.

134

n.

'deal with them,' lit. 'use them.' [So the

phrase rl xp<"H<u avru ; = '\Vhat am I to do with him?' also
'
the Lat. titor, treat as a friend, etc.]
1.

228. \p-r\o-Qt aiiTois,

common

'

'

229. o*(j.ai, I suppose,' contr. from oiopat.

Distinguish o0v, 'from what quarter," from OTTOV, in what quarter.'
[Adverbs in -6tv are local ablatives, denoting motion from a place, as
1.

'

'
whence,' those in -ow are local genitives denoting rest at or in a
'
as
irov,
place,
where.']
1.
TOVS
els
232.
Papfjdpovs, 'into [the country of] the barbarians,* i.e.
into Asia.
The Greeks contemptuously called all foreigners 0dp0apot.

TTuOfv,

Distinguish

accus. of

?&>,

'

is

'
the morning,' or ' the east,' from iu>,
Sense and not accent distinguishes tut,

t us,

from taw,
I allow.'
until,' from teas,
morning.'
1. 234. 4>dcriv.
Cp. 1. 210
1.
235. KaXoi irXoi tlo iv,
'

contr.

'

fair

for

sailing.'

[IlAof,

n.
lit.

'

there are fair sailings,'

contr.

from w\6oi, nom.

e.

'the wind

pi.

of wAdos,

i.

= tl
1. 240. \LJ\
Pov\otff0t.
if you did not choose,'
pov\o|Atvovs,
Oil 0ov\ofiivov$ would mean, since [as a matter of fact] you do not
choose," = ot ov 0ov\tffOt.
'

1.

241. Kal

8t|

dv, etc.,

'and even supposing that by an act of deception

should carry you to the Phasis.*

The

*-airaTT|(Tas is contrasted with ^laaai^rjv in the former sentence

could not force you to go, I might perhaps deceive you into
'
'
going *). It literally means having deceived you,' i. e. by deceiving
'
'
in
-do.
Kol
Latin
means
like
the
you,'
gerund
BTJ
suppose that,' put
('

if I

TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.

VI.

'

the case that,' so HOI

'

then]

'

Y.

founded whatever
not

Well suppose they are dead, [what

Medea 386).

(Eur.

246. Siicaiws

1.

TeQvaffi,

Srj

151

justly at least,'

else

may

it

be

'

e.

i.

cannot be well

their jealousy

may be

it

real,

or well assumed, but

just.'

252. 8ia-paX6vTas.
Cp. I. 12 n.
'
to give satisfaction]
SIKTJV,

1.

Bovvai

foenas ; \afttiv
sumere foenas.

SIKTJV

So

'

is

also firiOftvai
'

1.

to be punished,' Lat. dare

'
to punish/ Lat.
i. e.

'

e.

\.

to take satisfaction,'
Stictjv 1.

227.

submit to [give] an account,'

253. {nro-<rxiv BIKTJV,

i.

e.

'be put on

their trial.'
t'v

xpovw, i. e. since the time when the five new generals

of those murdered by Tissaphernes. See III. i?5i

Toi irpdo-fltv

were chosen
and IV. 62.
1.
255.
\tai>ra.

in place

neutr.

irpuTov,

sing,

of

irptaros,

used as an adverb with

what stage of the journey. The KO.I emphasises

Where was it then that,' etc. ?
Where were you

1.
256. iroO, i.e. at
the verb in question,

'

'

'

so struck ?
1.

OITOV air-coXXvfwOa, etc.,

257.

i.

Armenia (Chap. V. pp. 48, 49).

1. 258. dXXd (iT)v,
well indeed.'

during their march through

e.

'

'

certainly,' often

Mr)v

a strengthened form of piv,

is

'

yet.'

1. 260.
vppio-TOTtpos, more vicious.' *T0pis is used of all kinds of
wanton actions, and the ass was proverbial for being wanton even when
'

tired.

Distinguish
'

opo'iais,
1.

'

from

o/*oG, 'together,' (2)

from

'

that

it

[the reason

he was beaten] was

things.'
'

nor

'

denied

<j>i),

265. ouSt TOVTO

not even,'

'

l<j>T|,
'

or

yet,'

267. av--yiY vtoo Kv

or

'

'

said no.'

Cp.

do

said he did not

not
'

"

1.

'

263. ouStv eivai TOUTWV,

none of these
1. 264. OUK
1.

'nevertheless,' (i)

ojjius,

likewise."

1.

206 n.

this either.'

OiiSt

means

either.'

began to recognise,'

'

lit.

began to perceive

again [who he was].' Cp. 194 n. for meaning of jiywvaKu.

ura-fiyvw<rHw had another meaning, to read.']

[In

I.

237

'

1.

268.

TOV

TJ

'surely you are [are you not?].'

'

or,'

'

Distinguish

?J.

than.'
'

the sick man."

Kd/wo;,
labour under a sickness/

KO.JJIVOVTO,

morbo
1.

t,
'

^,
'

understood,
'

trv

from

surely,'

i.

I labour
e.

'I

am

'
;

hence with v6a<u

ill.'

Cp. the Lat.

laborare.'

2 70.

dXXd.

'

well but.'

things about,' but

is

going

Xenophon admits
to explain

why.

that he did

'

throw the

NOTES.

152

Ai

'

'

1.
means, in different directions,"
271. 8i-t8wKa, I distributed."
or (as here) to different persons."
KCU <ru, you also,' you on your part."
1. 274. dir-i'8ias,
you produced.' lie was required to produce the
man committed to his charge at the end of the day's march, as a con'

'

'

'

dition of getting

This

ufxeis.

back

man

Xenophon resumes

in the

next sentence (fjvayKaaa tre,

275. KOT-eXeiirtTo, imperf., 'was on the point of being

his address to the

1.

his goods.

said to the assembled soldiers, but

is

etc.).
left

behind.'

279. us, with the fut. part, signifies a purpose.

Cp. II. 70 n.
of faw.
Contracted verbs generally have their
1. 281.
<^t], opt. pres.
Cp. III. 133 n. [Remember
opt. in -olrjv, -aijv instead of -otfu, -</.
that {acu and \paonai contract everywhere into i\ instead of a, hence f?
1.

from C<', ?^7

fr

*Ca

-]

Lat. postquam.
He means to say that the sick
man died some time or other, notwithstanding his having been ' produced" at the end of that day's march. Cp. 1. 274 n. Xenophon points
'

1.

284.

after,"

ivrfi,

out the difference between dying in the natural course of things, and
being buried alive.
for the matter of that,' lit. '[yes] for we
1. 285. Kal yip, 'well,
also,' etc.
1.

286. TOVTOV ovv

reason

why?'

The

VKO,

'

for this reason therefore,' i.e. 'Is this

any

ovv connects 8ff with a-no-Oavov^Oa. in the preceding

'

sentence, Is it therefore necessary ?'

I. 288. irawreuv
oXtyas irXtj-yas,

cognate accus., or the accus. of a

So we

'

say,

I struck

289, 290. Note

cXY*v > proceeded to
II.

'

him a

gave him [too] few blows,' the

noun of kindred meaning with the verb.
'

'

blow,''
they fought a battle,' etc.
the force of the imperfects iiccXcvev, av-CoToro,
'
command,' offered to rise,' went on to say.'
'

'that I certainly have struck.'

to get the advantage of,' lit. ' to have ' or ' try
1. 293. irXovKTlv,
Hence it takes the gen. because of the comparato have more than.'
1.

291. irauroi

STJ,

tive iiKiov.
(I

Troiovjiv,

'if

(imperf.),

we had been

doing

this

(as

habit):
air toX6p.0a, (aorist), 'we should (once for all) have been lost.'
295. OVIK 49Xovras, 'refusing.' Cp. I. 127 n.
Distinguish (6{\ovrai, pres. part, of i0t\a>, from iOf \ovrat, ace. pi. of iOfhovrfy, 'a

&v
1.

volunteer,' (II. 295. p. 41).

1.
297. Kal <|xavT(p, 'even for

myself."

Cp.

I.

21 for the different

senses of xai.
'

1.
299. tjXawov, (imperf.) I would urge
every time the occasion occurred.

him

on,"

i.

e.

used to

do so

TR A FEZ US AND SINOPE.

VI.

1.

The

300. vyportiTa, 'suppleness.'

153

means

adj. vypos

(i)

'moist,'

(2) 'soft/ (3) 'pliant,' especially of the limbs.

'

76, speaks of the

[So Virgil, Georg. iii.

mollia crura,' the 'lithely moving' legs of a high-

stepping colt.]
301. uiro TOV Ko0fj<r0<u, 'by the [act of] sitting down.' The article
infin. shows that the verb is used as a gerund or substantive.

1.

with the

Lat. sedendo.
ol

SaKxvXoi

. .

See the narrative

dir-ecTT|irovTO.

in

Chap. V.

127

(p. 49).

See the same narrative a

303. diro\iiro|itvovs, etc.

1.

on,

11.

little

further

I37-144-

These adverbs in f denote the instru68d, with the teeth,' and a few others.
They are probably shortened forms of dative plurals. [For JTU cp. Lat.
'/w--nus;' Germ, fust; Eng. fist.']
'Em with the dative implies purpose.
for good.'
1. 306. tiri.
d-ya0tj>,
'

1.

304. ITU!,

ment, as A.a,

'

with the

with the

fist.'

'

heel,'

'

'

Cp.

tvl Qararoi I.

276

n.

307. Sovvat 8iK-nv.

Cp. 1. 252 n. The sentence means, 'I am
content (lit. think it right ') to render the same kind of account [to
you], as parents do to their children, etc. [when they have chastised
1.

'

them].' In other words,

a master to you."
'

1.

308. vj3pfi,

'

I claim to stand in the position of a parent or

through wantonness,'

'

'

wantonly,'

through an over-

Cp. 1. 260 n.
bearing spirit.'
1. 310. ojiws.
Cp. 1. 260, second note.
1.311. v cvSCa, 'in calm weather,' i.e. 'in prosperity.*
follows down to 1. 315 is a metaphor from a ship at sea.
1.

314.

icol,

'even.*
'

'n-irotT|crv,
1.

315. dir-Tjx06(ii]v,

nX-6*] v > 1st aor. pass,

1.
1.

Cp.
2

of

297 n.

1.

will involve,'

All that

'

lit.

will cause in the matter'

aor. of a.ir-t\()a.voiun.

from

dir-

round,' as

we

Distinguish

it

dir-ay-iu.

317. dXAd fi-qv, 'but surely.'

Cp. 1. 259 n.
*
turned out in the end,'
320. n-pi-Y v TO

'

>

came

say.
'

"

'

1. 321. tcos means

while or as long as,' with a pres. or imperf. as
here; with an aorist 'until:' that is to say, with the continuous tenses
it has the continuous sense of
while,' with the momentary tense the
'
momentary sense of until.'
'

'

1.

325. wore,

'

on condition

that,' Lat. ea condirione ut.

329. 0vaavTs . . ISetirvovv.

feasts lasted some time.
1.

330. ryvovTo,
(i) a

sacrifices

were momentary, the

had been made ;'. cmudvierav, had sung the paean.'

song of victory, as when Apollo killed the dragon
'

1.

The Paean

The

'

NOTES.

154

(2) a battle song; (3) as here, 'a festal hymn* to the gods.
aorist in a minor sentence must often be rendered by the pluperf.

Python;

The

254, II. 118 n.

I.

Cp.

crtiv TO!S oirXots, i. e. the dancers imitated

military
attitudes and gestures.
These warlike dances were very
fashionable among the Greeks and Romans ; they resembled the modem
1.

331. upxTicravTO

movements by
ballet in
1.

many

respects.

'in a sort of artistic manner,' lit. 'somehow

[Distinguish TTOJS, 'somehow,' from irws, 'how?']
336. TOV 2iTa\Kav, 'the Sitalcas-song," originally a. song in honour

334. Txvncojs irws,

artistically."
1.

of Sitalcas, a Thracian king.

1.
340. KaprraCav, perhaps the 'wrist-dance,' from Kap-nos, 'a wrist,'
because the hands of the vanquished man were tied behind him (1. 347).
'
[Others say the harvest dance from Kapiros, fruit,' but (i) the farmer
was sowing and not reaping, and (2) the brigand tried to get the oxen
'

'

and not the

corn.]

342. <riT6ipi Kal fUY1 aT ^> i- e - imitates the motions of one sowing
and driving oxen. The whole performance was in pantomime. [Zevy'
'
T)\aT-o is compounded of {tvyos, a yoke (of oxen),' and i\ar(T]p) t a
1.

driver,"

from (\aros,

I \avvca,

'

I drive.']

'as regards the end,' accus. of respect,

used adverbially.
1.
1
Attic (or Athenian) Greek
347. T&) x e *P*j instead of rci x f ip (
the feminine forms of the dual in -a and -aiv were seldom used. Thus
1.

345. TtXos, 'at

last,'

lit.

we

TW jwatxt, TW tr6\t(, etc.

35. TOT* \i(v, 'at one time,'

find

1-

'

is,

as

if,'

TOT

'

St,

at another time.'

Lat. tanqiiam.

352.
-KvJ3icrTa, imperf. 3rd sing, of (K-Kv^taraoj. The /cvfiiffTrjpft,
Xenotumblers,' are mentioned both in the Iliad and the Odyssey.
phon elsewhere describes the feats of one of them, who turned somer1.

or

'

saults over a circle of upright swords.

Tf'Xos.

1^353-

TO ITtpcrvKov,

Cp.

1.

n.

345

sc. ijfxrjfjui,

'

the Persian dance.*

From the verb uK\a$(iv this

354. uicXa^c, kept crouching down.'
Persian dance was sometimes called oK\afffM.
[Hence, also the adverb
'

1.

<kA(i,
1.

304

'

in

a crouching posture,' formed

like

Adf

oSaf,

etc.]

Cp.

n.

]. 361. is i'Svvaro KaXXicrra.

This is the full form of the expression,
which commonly appears as els KaXXicna, etc. Cp. V. 185 n.
1.
362. njv nvppixT)v. This was one of the great military dances.
It had its origin in Crete and Sparta, and its step was very quick and
hence in prosody a foot consisting of two short syllables (v/w) was
light
called the Pyrrhic foot.
The Pyrrhic dance continued till quite a late
;

SINOPE

VII.

TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

period and was adopted by the Romans.

called the Romaika ; so Byron says

The dance

is still

155
kept up and

You have
Where is

'

the Pyrrhic dance as yet,

the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?'
1. 366.
These were the terms which Corylas
H.TJT* d8iKiv, etc.
proposed on behalf of the Paphlagonians, and which the Greeks
accepted.

Cp.

fxtTo, TOXJTO.

1.

325.

MerA with
'

1.

367. eimSt),

had

now

now

ace.

means

The

that.'

677

'

after ;' cp. I. 128.

defines ewet more precisely as to

the time.
369. dva-pdivTcs, having embarked,' eis TO. n\ota being understood.
370. Sivioinjv. The Sinopians were colonists from Miletus (on the
West coast of Asia Minor), who had settled in Paphlagonia.
'

1.

1.

CHAPTER

VII.

SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

'

'
that they were getting near Greece.'
IXtaOai, 2nd aor. mid. of alptaa. AtpeicrOai in the middle means,
The passive, ' I am taken/ is expressed by dAtV/ro/xai.
to choose.'
1. 6. tireiOov,
imperf., 'tried to persuade.'

1.

4. yiyvfaQa.1, imperf. infm.,

1.

5.

1.

8.

neiio, with 7ve<70cu

(making the

'

predicate},

would become

'

greater,' or increase.'
1. i o. Ka(.
Cp. I. 2 1 n.

Think what KOI must mean here.

86av, the reputation he had already achieved,
'

TT|V iTpo-eipYCKr^vTjv

worked out beforehand (by him).'

L 13. See the account of Xenophon's dream and the way he

lit.

'

preted
1.
1.
1.

in

it

IV. 43 and following

15. n'p* 1!' 'was chosen.'

Cp. 1. 5 n.
16. crv(A-|jiaxovjjivos, the fut. part., ' intending to join Cyrus.'
19. fxtvTov,

'but,' or 'however,' corresponding to the p.tv in the

previous line \ji\v .. 5 is sometimes piv

?4>T|, understand o /Jiavrts.
1.

inter-

lines.

20.

tm-TiOea&u,

'attack.'

..

pivToi],

'Envr/fle/icu

(middle)

is lit.

'I set upon,'

attack.'

The

1.

21.

25. ciXovTo.

stress is

on

Cp.

1.

ireTojievov, 'gets its

5 n.

food when flying?

NOTES.

156
26.

1.

d\Xd,

Lit. ['I don't refuse it]

'well.'

but for

all that.'

Cp.

VI. 270 n.

The

IOT.
to

know

sense decides whether

or the indicative,
tyo) leads up to KO.I

'

ye

this,'

1.

27. tea!

1.

28. o

i%

is

the imperative,

'

wish you

this.'

vfttTs.

When

*Av adds the force of 'ever.'

'whatever.'

dv,

it

know

combined with conjunctions or relative pronouns it is always followed

by the subjunctive.
1.
29. For is with fut. part. cp. II. 70 n.
1.
what remains (to be done),' all other
30. TWV dXXcov, neuter,
'

'

1.

35.
Cp.
34. ois, the contracted ace. pi. of

points.'

o?s, gen. olos, ace. olv, Lat. ovis.

of nouns of the 3rd declension, whose stem ends in a vowel,
often becomes, when contracted, the same as the now. sing., as &ovt, ravs,
1.

The

ace.

/>/.

ijpw$ for 136-a.s, vi)-as, T^JOMZS.

'

1.

37. iropevrtov

VI. 88

The

n.

tirj,

optative

they ought to travel.' For verbals in -re'os cp.

is the
past of the deliberative present subj. iritis

iropfVTfov rj ;
1.
40. eriria rpioiv r)|j.pu>v,
'

'

provision for three days,' or, as

we

say,

three days provision.'

I. 42.
The m^iKT)vos, sc. arar^p, was a gold coin of
Kvfuc-rjvovs.
Cyzicus, worth about 20 francs, or a Napoleon, 15$. or i6s.
II. 46, 47. Notice the force of the tenses here
O-UV-TJYOV, imperf.,
began to collect.'
:

'

'

(KitcXiivro, pluperf.

[had already been shut],'

'

were kept

shut.*

'

<j>aivTO, imperf., began to appear.'

'
1.
47. oirXa, for oirAfra*, armed men.*

times used for irtKraorai,

1.

49.

'K

TOVTOW,

50.

targets,' is

irt\Tal,

some-

targeteers.']

after this.'

us alaxpov eitj.
Arcadians and Achaeans
1.

'

[So

'

The
said,

Cp.
opt.

I.

85 n.

marks that

whether

it

this

was what the

were true or not.

Cp. VI.

181 n.
1. 51.
The subject of fjv is vrrtp-Tiniav, the complement
Ijv 8f, etc.
'
More than half the army consisted of Arcadians
'ApicdScs Kal 'Ax<uoi.

and Achaeans.'
1.

53-

<5>s

8<> 1 '

KaO' lavrovs,

'

For the opt. cp. 1. 50 n, above.

by themselves,' Lat. seorsutn, lit.

'

as regards

them-

selves.'

2nd aor. of aw-iffriym, because it is intransi'stood together,' i.e. 'combined.'

[In IOTIJJM the 2nd aor., perf.,
and pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses are transitive.] Cp. II.
1.

55. aw-ttrnjo-av, the

tive,

99

n.

tlXovro.

Cp. L 5

n.

SINOPE TO CURYSOPOLIS.

VII.

1.

62. iiririKov, sc. arpartvfia,

'

157

a cavalry force.'

63. aTTO-paivovorv, disembark,' TWV -nXo'toiv understood.

1.
v 'A<ria 0paKT)s, a portion of Bithynia inhabited by
64. TTJS
'
'
Tlvracians, and called Asiatic Thrace to distinguish it from Thrace in
'

1.

[So
rope, or Thrace proper.
in Asia, Russia in Europe

1'lu

Turkey
1.

68.

'

tm-Ti0VTai,

attack.'

we speak of Turkey
and Russia in Asia.]

Cp.

1.

20

in

Europe and

n.

Smicres himself,'
69. Distinguish aurov TOV 'SiJ.iKprjra,
auTov S/xitf/Mjra, ' the same Smicres.' [Sometimes the article
'

1.

from TOV
is

omitted

former case, as aurds 'HyricravSpos, 1. 72 below.]

1. 73.
TTJS VUKTOS,
during the night,' to be distinguished from VVKTOS,
by night.' Cp. IV. 255 n.
The stress is on iroXXoC, ' assembled in great numbers' Ol no\\ol
Qpaitts would be, the numerous Thracians,' or most of the Thracians.'
'!
Observe
74> 75- TaTTOvro
tarparoueSeijovro .. irpos-*paXXov.
'
the force of the imperfects.
[When the day dawned], there they were

in the

'

'

'

'

drawing themselves up, etc.,

and they began to attack,' etc.
'

1.

76. Tt'Xos,

ipY ov

where the Greeks were being encamped,

Cp. VI. 345

at last.'

n.

imperf. of tipya), 'I restrain,' 'keep off;' Lat. arceo.

Distinguish ipy-w from cpY-a^o/wzi, I work,' which has perf. pass. ipYacr/iai.
[There is no such verb as tpycu or tpyofuu from tp~fov, work.']
1.

77-

'

'

Kai.

Think what

80. O-UTWS

1.

adverb means
do? 'etc.]
1.

'

is

the sense of nal here.

Cp.

I.

21 n.

irpaav, not 'did* but 'fared thus.' Uparrdv with an

'
[So we say, he is doing well,' how do you
'

to fare.'

82. irapd. OAXarrav, 'along the coast;'

lit.

'alongside of the

sea.'

Ilapd with the ace. signifies motion along a given line, as well as motion
to

gel alongside of a thing.

1.

83. rfiS 0p<jKT)s, i.e. Asiatic Thrace.

1.

84. 'HpaK\o)Ti5os,

Cp.

1.

64

n.

'

'

stood.
1.

[So 77 Me-fapis,
85. Distinguish iroi, 'to

in next line,

locative, like
'

the district of Heraclea,' yfjs or x<*>P as underthe Megarid,' or district about Megara,' etc.]

'

'

some place'

('

some-whither

'

in

any place (' any-where ').

otxot, but as wow was used for

IIo
'

is

'),

from

irov,

properly a simple

where,'

iroi

was kept

for

whither.'
'

Tjpwra, imperf., proceeded to ask them."

1. 88.
irpi-KKVK\w|juvoi ttev, the perf. pass, in a middle sense,

'had

[So in Latin,
got round them in a circle,' i. e. had surrounded them.'
'
circnmfiinduntur hostem Romani,' the Romans surround the enemy.']
to reconnoitre.'
The infin. in Greek, as in English,
1. 90. o-Koiriv,
'

'

'

may

express a result very nearly resembling a purpose.

tit observaret or ad observandum.

would be

In Latin

it

NOTES.

158
'

92. oo-a 6pu>v,

1.

The

see.'

whatever'

[lit.

'as

many

marks indefmiteness, i. e.
We might however use the
'

opt.

any way.'

things as'] 'they might

at any time, in any place, in
'

indicative,

whatever they

Ktw'
to do.'
Cp. 1. 85 n.
93. tiroiow, imperf., 'proceeded
Distinguish from
1.94. aifoaOcu, 'to be on fire' with watchfires.
alaGtaOcu, to perceive.'
1.95. <I>s els H-^OrrV' 'in preparation for fighting;' lit. 'as if for
1.

'

battle.'

101. rfjs eo-tttpas, 'in the evening,' gen. of time.

102. TjSti, plwperf. 3rd sing, of otSa, 'I know.'

1.
1.

104. <ru|A-p.iai, here 'to join.'

1.

meanings of

'

join battle with an enemy.'

'
1. 106.
glad,'
do-jivoi., lit.

1.

73 n.

Note the two seemingly opposite

a friendly way, as here; (2)

I join" in

avfi-fufvvfu, (i)

Cp.

i.e. 'gladly,'

'

or 'were glad to see;' aaptvoi

being the real predicate.

1.
109. tv jitcrw TIpaKXeias Kal Bvfavriov, 'midway between I leraclea
and Byzantium.' (See the Map.) Literally, in the middle as regards
I leraclea and Byzantium' (gen. of respect).

no. irpoKi|Avov, 'jutting out,' lit. lying forward.'

in. TO n.tv aurov, with Ka9--fjKov, 'that portion of it which
down into the sea.'
'

1.

1.

112. diroppw, 'precipitous,'

1.

'

perf. of A.rro-pprjyvvfu,

opposed to Ka9-fJKov,
'

1.

113. jioXierra,
'

TO

cvipos,

lit.

'broken

off.'

*Av-T|Kv,
reaching downwards.'

'

reaching upwards,' as

at most.'

[in] breadth,' accus.

of respect.
'

the infm., as in English, to dwell in.'

would be ad habitandum, or ubi habitarent. Cp. 1. 90 n.
1.

115.

oiK-fjcrcu,

'

Distinguish avrrj

same rock.'
1.

Cp.

1.

TTJ irTp<y,

the rock

'

itself,

from

TTJ aiirrj TTtrpq,

116. irpos ca-n-tpav, '[looking] towards the west.'

'
'
'
sweet,' as opposed to
salt,' or
fresh," lit.
117. cmicpaTtta,

1.

119. dv-T|Ki.
1

'

Aen. i. 167.
under cover of the

'

'

brackish.'

So

fort,'

i.

e.

commanded by

it'

'

1.

ir,

the

in Virgil,

and Kparot,
20.

it

n.

69

'

1.

(ivl

In Latin
'

T)Sios,

'aquae dulces'

and

off;' cp. dir-tpptaya,

'

break

reaches

power.')

up

Cp.

1.

to,' i.e.

112 n.
'as

much

as.'

ycwScs, 'earthy,' lit. 'earth like,' contr. from yt-o-dSrjt, from yt], 'earth,'
and <75o, ' appearance."
1. 121. irap-T|Kci, 'extends
along.'
Q not 'the other district,' but 'the rest of the
1. 122.
T| fiXXtj \"P
.

district.'

[So

in

Latin summus mom,,

'

the top of a mountain," medius

SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

VI 1.

159

'

amnis, 'the middle of a river,' etc.]

Distinguish \&pa, a distinct,' from
'
Xojpiov (its diminutive"), a place,' or military position.'
'
'
lit.
make mention of.' So the
should propose
1. 1 30.
[ivT]cr9iT],
'

'

Latin memorare
'

commonly means net

'

to remember,' but

'

to

'

tell

or

relate.'

'
'
Sixa -iroutv, lit. to make twofold,' and hence to divide,' without
reference to any particular number of parts.
The army had actually
split into three divisions (T/H'X??)Cp. 1. 57.
irl TTJ iropeia,
with a view to marching,' i.e. to see whether
1. 133.
'

they were to march or not.

I.
134. eK TOVTOU, 'in consequence of
1.

135. TJxOovTO.
Distinguish
grieved,' or 'be in trouble,' from

this.'

Cp.

^X^ ?"*
7

also be the 2nd aor. of ixOavofMi, but that verb

compound
TO.

is

Cp. VI. 315 n.

fact:' if 'for both" was meant,

n.

generally used in

its

we should probably

re yap.

140. els TpCs, 'up to thrice,' i.e. 'as

1.

49

a.n-(\0a.vo^w.i.

yap, 'for in

KCU.

have

1.

imperf. of axOofiat, 'to be

Is ^ a r. pass, of d^ca. It might

rjxd-6ij.r]v,

many

as three times.'

implies going right into anything, hence with numerals

as (Is x i ^' ovs 'f"Hy a thousand men.']

it

means

[Els

'

fully,'

<

The phrase ytyvfaOcu rd. Itpa was often

141. tytyvtTO, sc. KctXd.
used with the Ka\a, or favourable,' understood.
OVIK f$i)
v Qayaytlv, said that he would not lead out,' lit. ' denied
1.

'

'

The dv goes with

that he would,' etc.

be taken together as one word.

1. 145. ouSJ OVTCO, 'not even
tried so

many

f-ayay(Ti>, and the ovK-ttyt] is to

Cp. IV. 283 n.
not even then' after they had
so,' i. e.
'

times.

147. Suvcos txovras, 'in a dreadful state.'

'EX*** with an adverb
'
to be in a certain condition.'
Cp. IV. 2 n.

1.

means,

the instrumental dative, through their want.'

iravras TOTJS PO\)\O(JIVOVS as the subject of Uvai after
he proclaimed that all who wished should go.'
'

TJJ t'vSeia,
1.

150.
'

(icrjpvff,

Take

'
153. tVi TO \ap.|3avuv, 'in order to get (provisions),' lit. for the
The article with the
getting;' Lat ad rapiendum or rapiendi causa.

1.

infin.

24

shows that the verb

is

used as a gerund or a substantive.

Cp.

I.

n.

Phamabazus was

the Persian satrap of Bithynia.

TOUTOV. Cp. 11. 49, 134 n.

155.
'
1. 16 1. TOVS HSV..TOVS 81,
some .. the others.' The n\v, 'on the
'
one hand prepares the reader for a S, ' on the other hand.'
1. 162.
ls TO, oirXa, to the place where their arms were
piled in camp.
Hence rd on-Aa came to mean generally ' the camp,' or '
quarters.'
1.

Cp.

11.

167, 172 n.

NOTES.

60
wKT6s,

163.

1.

as

'

'

Cp. IV. 255

[So of was formerly used,

Scene 5)
custom always of the afternoon.'
night,' gen. of time.

by

Hamlet says (Act

i.

My

'

n.

1 66.
1.
f'pvp.vov, the 'strong' or 'fortified position,' whose natural
defences were described in 11. 110-114.
This the Greeks were about to
strengthen artificially by making a trench and palisade across the 'neck'
of land (1. 1 12).

1.

dva-Xap6vrs TO. oirXa, 'having taken up

moving their camp.' Cp. 1. 162 n.

167.

1.

68.

their arms,' or, in

'

other words,

'

-irpiv
'

apiorov,

elvai,

before

breakfast,'

cipiffTos, 'best.'

Cp.

it

was.'

be distinguished from

to

apiorov,

gen., of

III. 15 n.

The airo implies the cutting off"

uir-tTa<}>pv(rav
air-ecrTavipwffav.
of the promontory from the mainland by means of the trench and
.

palisade.

?0VTO

172.

1.

TO.

'

oirXa,

piled their arms,' so as to form a

campMn

Cp. 1. 162 n.
where they were,' gen. of place used as an

their newly-fortified position.

1

1.

74. aurov,

'

'

there,'

adverb.

Think whether this is the transitive

1. 183. fo-rqaav.
intransitive 2nd aor. of iarr]^i.
Cp. II. 99 n.

1st aor.

or

1. 185.
8ia-|3aTov, 'must be crossed.' Aia-Paruv would mean 'possible
Either would make sense here, but what the soldiers were
to cross.'

now doubting was

the necessity of crossing the ravine.

186. irap-cyyvwoT., 'pass the word to.'
liap-t-^vav
on as a trust ') is to pass along the word of command.

just

1.

'

1.

'

(put iv fviy,

pledge

88.

<I>s

raxwrra.

in the

hand

(lit.

'to pass
'
is
a

'Eyyvij

').

Cp. V. 185 n.
had assembled.'

The aor. in a minor sentence

189. o-uv-T]\0ov,
often be rendered by the pluperf.
Cp. II. 118 n.
'
tort, know,' the imperative, as it generally is when used alone like

1.

must
this

Cp.
1.

in

1.

form

26

it

might also be the 2nd

pi. indicative

the sense decides.

n.

190. dfxaxcl H.V, etc.

The

fighting we cannot get away.

firl rovs avfipat.)

p.Jv is

but

still

answered ty 8J
let

in

us attack the

1.

196, 'without
(luifntv 8J

foe.'

1. 194. fft-troict Odppos KCU, etc.,

'puts courage even into,' etc.
senses of *aJ cp. I. 21 n.

For

1.
In Greek the relative is
196. wv, instead of a Sia-ircnopfv/jitOa.
often made to agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender,

number, and person.

otherwise have been

But

this is only

in the accusative.

done when the

Cp.

I.

290

n.

relative

would

SINOPE

VII.

TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

Cp. 1. 28 n.
199. STTOV av, 'wherever.'
200. irap-aYYiXas. Notice the force of irapa,
along the line.'

l6l

i.

'

1.

1.

201. Distinguish ^,
'
os ; 77, or

nom. fem. of

where

'

rj,

Cp. IV. 5

5v.

TUYX<IVV
1.

'

'

(Lat. qua), from

3rd sing. subj. of

the fem. article

f/,
;

and

i},

'

surely.'

77,

n.

Remember

202. 8i-t'ptjcrav.

tlfu

having passed word

this is the

and aor.

opposed to em Kepcas, in column." *dXa-yf

means a rank,' or line of heavy armed men, not necessarily a compact
mass, which applies only to the later Macedonian phalanx or line of
'

irl

4>d\<vyyos,

'

'

'

[The word <pa\ay

battle.

'

in line,' as

is

'

probably connected with

'

pale,'

pole,'

etc.]
'

1.

204.

irap-T]yyi\\eTO, passive
Cp. 1. 200.

impersonal,

the

word was being

passed along.'

o ffa\TrfyKTT)s, 'until the trumpeter gave

1. 205. cojs
tTTjfxaivoi, supply
a signal.' "Ecus, until,' is generally followed by an aorist, but arntaiva.
is a
For the opt. cp.
the trumpet sounds.'
regular expression for
'

'

1.

92

n.

1.

206.

'

KaO-itvras

ls

irpopoX-qv,

couching (their lances) for the

them down [off the shoulders] for a pushing

Cp. our command, charge bayonets,' as opposed to slope
'

charge,'
forward.'

arms

'

lit.

setting

'

'

8pofuo,

Spuny

'

on the shoulder.
fast,'

'

our

'

at the double,'

lit.

See note on Otiv

at a run.'

II- 54-

207. irap-jfci, 'went,' or 'was passed along the ranks.' Cp. 1. 204 n.
212-215. Observe the change of tenses in this passage. Tir-ijvTiaf*
(imperf.), 'began to confront them;' l<j>0Yia.To (aor. after tirt in a
I.

II.

'

had sounded ;' eiraidvijov (imperf.), 'began

II. 118 n.),
the war-cry;' KaO-Ucrav (imperf.), 'were couching;' tScJavro (aor. in
*
'
principal sentence), sustained ; c<j>evyov (imperf.), began to flee.'
of
'I
follow
1.
after."
(<j>-(irofMi,
217. 4>-iirTo, imperf.
[Distinguish
minor sentence,

'

dirofirjv,

imperf. of tirofMi, from

'

ttirov,

I said,'

and aor. of

<prj/u.

Cp.

II.

158 n.]
1.

220.

TjSt),

'at once.'

K/,

'I lie,' with its compounds, is

ir-KivTO, 'attacked.'
used for the passive or middle of TiOrjm and its compounds but ciriTi&taOat also means, to attack."
Cp. 1. 20 n.
1.
223. d/7r-0avov, were killed.'
Ano-Orr/aiea} is often used for the
passive of diro-urdvoj, 'I kill.'
1.

221.

'

'

1.

225. TO

fl6ov
1.

IvirfTs

4apvapd{ov
1.

'

lirmicov, sc. ffTpdrtvfM, the

same

153.

226. ?TV erw-TTTjKos, 'still unbroken."

'
irl TOVTOVS,
against these also.*

L 328. KOI

Cp.

I.

21.

as ol $apva-

NOTES.

I<52

228. <Ls (irj T0appt]ic6TS dva-TravtraiVTO, 'that they might not tnke
courage and recover themselves.' Qapptca is to 'rally,' 'feel confidence;'
avairavofiai, to
1.

229.

'

or

rest,'

'

recover one's strength.'

'so then," 'accordingly.'

8r|,

Kara (with gen.), down/ronz.'

1
235. ?<os .. Kara-^tvoi, 'as long as the army remained, or 'might
remain.' The optative marks that the length of their stay was uncertain
and variable.
'

1.

230.

1.

1. 237.
irl Xeav, 'for
'Em with accus.
plunder,' i. e. to get it.
the object of their going.
Cp. IV. 209 n.
1.
238. oiroTf, with opt., whenever,' or as often as,' followed
'

marks

'

by the
[The actual words of the resolution
would be oirorav TO arparfvpa. -IT], *av ns \a$r\ n, SOKCI (tvai Srj/j.u'whenever the army goes out, if anyone lakes anything, it 's
fftov,
resolved that this shall be public property.'
Cp. 1. 287.]
past tense

1.

240.

f8ov,

'

was

it

ov.

ruYX<ivv

resolved.'

Cp. IV. 5 n.

245. TO. nv, 'some,' or 'a part;'

remainder.'
Cp. 1. 161 n.
1.

rd 8, 'the

others,'

or 'the

2nd perf. = irept-f ffrrjKoras, the perf. part, of

used as a pres. and means, I stand.' [For the
transitive and intransitive tenses of larrjui cp. II. 99 n.]
1.247. irfpi-60-Twras,

irtpi-iaTTjfu.

'

"EffTrjKo. is

248. Tavra, sc. TO. irpo&ara, 1. 245.

251. d<f>-aiptiTai, 'rescues,' the middle voice.
supplied by dXtV/cojuat, I am taken.'
1.
1.

is

The

passive otatpito

'

1.
Cleander himself, from o
254. Distinguish airos 6 KXcavSpos,
avTut KXtavSpot, ' the same Cleander.' Cp. 1. 69 n.
1.
Ov-<f>rjnl is
259. OVK e4>tj 4v ytvto-Ba.1, said that it could not be.'
as one word,
I say [a thing] is not,' and the &P goes
'

'

'

Cp.
1.

141 n.
260. TOV d<j>-cX<$|xcvov, 'the rescuer of the prisoner,' ace.

1.

This was Agasias,

1.

1.
'

265. iroifjcrai,

251.
to do to me,'

like ourselves, could express even

Latin
o

it

would be

fiv,

'

ut faciat.'

'whatever.'

Cp.

1.

i.

e.

'

that he

may

a purpose by the

Cp.

1.

90

do.'

The Greeks,

infinitive

mood.

In

n.

28 n.

know that

he is.
The Greeks used the participle
knowing, feeling, etc., where the Latin would require the
accus. and infin., scio hunc esse.
OlSa tivai means, I know how to be.'
Cp. II. 108 n.
1.
271. alpcOcfc, 'having been chosen.' The middle alpfiaOcu means,
'to choose,' and the perf. and 1st aor. jjprjfjiai and rjpfOrjv, commonly
have the same meaning in the passive, since a\iaiconcu is used for I am
taken.'
Cp. IV. 64 o
1.

269. ol8a ovra,

'

after verbs of

'

'

SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

VII.

163

While the Greeks were at Trapezus, waiting

of Cheirisophus (VI. 10), the Trapezuntines lent them a
fifty-oared galley to collect transports with.
Dexippus being put in
command of the vessel made off with it, and thus placed the Greeks in
wevnrjicovTopov, etc.

for the return

an awkward position with the Trapezuntines.

for ty, the relative being attracted into the case of
TJ

Cp.

1.

1.

next

196,

I.

273. TOUTOV, 'from him,' governed

by the

dn-o in a<p ft\u^rjv, in the

line.
'

1.

antecedent.

its

n.

290

274.

imperf.,

d-ir-TJY S>

if

you had

him

been taking

(2nd aor.) would mean, 'if you had taken him off.
In Greek two or more
1.
275. OUK .. ouScv.

Here OVK av

negation stronger.

tiro'iijffa

done nothing.' Cp. II. 59 n.

I.
277. Sidl, with accus., 'for the sake
means of,' as 5id aov, by your means.'

avow
of.'

Et airq^a^ts

off.'

negatives
'

is,

With

make

would

the gen.

the

not have

it

is

'by

by

the

'

II.

278, 279. jxv

stronger
1.

word

..

(iVTOi /*i'
however.'

K\uroj, the

281.

S(,

only the 5t

is

replaced

'

fiivroi,

ist aor. subj.

not the

fut.

Compounds

of &v (as

whenever I give the order.'

I blame,' from
282. Distinguish alnwjxav (contr. from amdo/a<),
always take the

(av, orav, etc.)

'

subj.,

'

1.

alrfca, 'I ask.'

1. 283. auros, the nom. in

apposition to OVTOS, the subject of 6no\oyti.
In Latin it would be the accus. before the infin., ' confitetur se eripuisse.'

Cp. IV. 286

1.

1.

n.

285. eiratov
JfjJaXXov, imperfects,
286. ITJ, 'were,' not 'would be.'
.

on, when the principal verb

saying that.'
1.

287. ^dv

238

The

n.

1.

in the past tense,

but

we

use the past

\-]tT|Tai, etc., the actual

words of the

resolution.

Cp.

present tense means, 'engages in plundering.'

'

1.

is

I offered to strike,' etc.

opt. is used in Greek after

The

'

indicative after

1.

'

289.

TIY*''' imperf.,
290. TOIS \T)crrals,

was

bringing.'

who wished to keep the booty

and got Dexippus to help them. See 1. 245.
contrary to,' lit. 'beside the mark of.' Cp. III. 75 n.
Think before translating KCU here, and cp. I. 21 n.
(ACTO. TaVTO,.
Cp. I. 128 n.
d\Xd, 'well.' Cp. VI. 258, 370 n.
i.

e.

the soldiers

for themselves,
'

wapd,
1.

292.

1.

293.

1.

300.

'

'

will be present to you,' i. e. will help you ;'

[Cp. a present help in trouble,' Psalm xlvi. i.]
K TOUTOV. Cp. I. 85 n.
1. 303.
tirl
with a view to the march,' i. e. to see whether
Tfl TToptui,
they

1.

301. irap-cvofiai

vijxlv,
'

Lat. 'vobis adero.'

'

were to march.

Cp.

1.

33

n.

NOTES.

164

305. Ka( emphasises jidXXov, even

308. ou YiY VTal understand icaXa.

1.
1.

1.

&v 6vvo>fi.0a KaXXiara,

cos

310.

'

manner,' i. e. as well as ever

'ever' to the us.
Cp. 1. 28 n.
1.

we

t-iropvovro, imperf.,

312.

'

2nd aor.,

more (than
Cp.
'

lit.

can.'

1.

before).*

141 n.

we may be
The Uv adds

as

'

in their

proceeded

able in the best

the meaning of

march;' aj>-iKovTo,

arrived.'

CHAPTER

VIII.

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

1.

3.

rvxv

'

5v,

was

at the time'

Cp. IV.

ro. <>s diro-irljx\|/&)v, 'intending to

denotes a purpose. Cp. II. 70 n.
1.

1.

n.

1.

13.

tjx^ OVTO -

Cp. VII. 135

m-<n.Ti<r0(H.

they wanted money.

1.

13.

on

(ic'XXoi,

The

Lat.

'

5 n.

send away.'

'fls

with

fut.

part

n.

infinitive expresses the

quo commeatum

purpose for which

facerent.'

'that he intended,' not 'would intend.'

Cp. VII.

28jn.
'at once.'

Cp. VII. 220 n.

if;' ws avn-Trop(vff6ftd'oi,

1.

14.

TJ8T),

1.

15.

us here means 'as

'

under pretence of

going with.*
1.

than

im8Av

16.
(7rf,

and the

= i7rSj)
&*

ft?), 'ai soon as

adds the force of 'ever.'

does not simply = 17, 'shall

Cp. IV. 125 n.
J>s Taxitrro.
Cp. V. 185 n.

ytvTjTai
outside.'
1.

20.

be,'

ever.'

'Entity

is

stronger

Cp. VII. 28 n.
but 'shall have been got

29. Qiovtn Sp6|jMp, 'run fast," lit. 'at a run.'

Cp. II. 54 n.
f's-iovrts is the fut. part, (since d/ju = ibo), therefore with us

1.

it

marks

a purpose. Cp. I. 10 n.
1. 30. Eteonlcus had been posted at the gate, with orders to secure
the bolt as soon as all the soldiers had gone out.
1.

nom. in apposition with the subject of l\fyov.

Ot (rrpaTiwrai, i. e. the soldiers outside.

31. aurot,

283 n.

Cp. VII.

32. dv-o(ov(n, the fut. ind. instead of the opt. in a reported speech.
will smash the gates, unless you will open
soldiers would say, '
them' (dvo'tffTt), and the Greek historian in repeating their words
1.

The

We

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

165

keeps the feme and mood, only changing the person from second to
third.

1.

vvfj.1

it

in -vaari.

y lYv

38. TO.

7fo/ifa, 2nd
1.

army out of

Verbs in
36. dva-TrtTavvvov<ri, 3rd pi. pres. ind. of ava-ittravvvni.
often form this person as if from a verb in -v<u, instead of making

end
1.

42. ol 8

Jl6va >

aor.,

imperf.

KciQeiAxov.

1.

'

means, 'those

6e

same

45. TT^V dicpav, the

'
citadel' or castle.'

'what was being

what was done.']

done.'

part.,

would mean

1.

'

Cp. IV. 5 n. There had not been time to

the town, before those outside began the

35. t*TVYX avov ovres.

1.

get the whole

disturbance.

who

[Td

fled to the ships.'

as rrjv ajcpi>iro\iv in the next line,

51. dvSpi d-yaOoi, the dat. in apposition to <rot, which

'
[So in Latin Themistocli licuit esse o//oso.']

is

the

governed

by i-(ariv.

fi,v
52. l POV\OIO
6vf|(rais. The opt. means, 'if you were to desire
you would benefit.' Cp. IV. 113 n. for the four forms of conditional
sentences, of which this is the third.

1.

it,

Cp. VI. 270, VII. 300 n.

lit. 'ground your shields,' i. e. 'fall in, or 'stand
ready under arms,' not 'lay down your arms.' Cp. I. 241 n. Xenophon
knew that his only chance of restoring order was to get them to fall in
1.

54.

iXXd,

1.

55.

0a0e TO

'well.'

oirXa,

to their proper position in rank.

1.

1.
1.

Cp. V. 185

Taxurra.

n.

57. irap-aYYXXei.v, 'to pass the

204
1.

56.

word along

the line (wapd).'

Cp.

n.

59.

as the passive of riOrjfu (VII. 221 n.), therefore TO.

the arms were grounded,' i. e. the soldiers stood

?KTO, used

oivXa CKCITO means,

ready.
Cp.
1. 62. fa

1.

'

55 n.
not

'

'

mind,' but your passion.'

&V/JLOS (from 0vai,
'I rush'), means the part which feels, and gets excited, i.e. the passions and emotions (Lat. animus), vovs being the part which thinks,
i. e. the intellect
(Lat. me/is).
0v[xo>,

Tijxti>pirjcrw|A6a, 'punish,' lit.

1.

64.

d torai tvTv0v,

the consequences.'

lit.

'EvTtv0(v

'

'avenge ourselves upon.'

will be thence,' i. e.

Cp.

= tK

I.

what

what

151 n.
will

be

TOVTCOV.

fut. part., 'intending to take away;' Lat.

So diro-KTevoOvres, intending to kill ;' Lat. occisuri.
in presence of the gods ;' hence in
1. 72. irpos 0wv, lit.
before,' or
taking an oath, by the gods :' Lat. per deos (vos oro).
1.

71. d<j>-aipT]cr6p.voi )

'

adempturi.

'

'

'

'

to our (respective) fatherlands,'

1. 73. rats
iraTpio-i,
states in Greece to which we each belong.
1.

77.

The

stress is

on EXXT]vi8a and irpwrqv,

'

i.

the first

e.

the several

Greek city we

NOTES.

66

a Greek city into which (as the) first we came,' irpwrrjv

with ffv.
[Cotyora is called a Greek town' (VI.
but being in Asia and under
17), so also were Trapezus and Heraclea
barbarian' as compared
the king of Persia, they are here ranked as
with Byzantium.]
intention of doing.'
1.
Cp. 1. 71 n.
79. iroiY)o-ovTs, with the
'

entered,'

lit.

'

in apposition

being
1

'

'

81. ovic i-aira,TW|Avoi, etc. = not because we

Greek participle must often
because we consent.'
'

are deceived, but

be translated by a

1.

Cp. I. 261 n.
conjunction and the indicative of the verb.
See
1. 85. im^o^c'vots,
if they obeyed,' lit.
obeying.'
note, and reference to I. 261.
'

1.

86.

K TOVTOV.

'

I.

Cp.

85

preceding

n.
'

lit.
to manage matters (with
etc.,
to arrange that,' to get leave from
Anaxibius) so that,' etc., i. e.
Anaxibius. Aia gives the force of effecting thoroughly.'
'
= the ferf. of t/?xA< a <. 'I
1.
91. TJKW, 'I am come,' or have come,'
1.

88. 8ia-Trpaacr0ai

oircos,

'

'

come,' or

'

am

coming.'
'

were disputing,'
97. 8i-4>povTO,
'
(5o). So we say to have a difference,'
1.

1.

1.

Distinguish

99. diro-8i86pivoi,.

from

'

lit.
i.

e.

were going

different

ways'

'a quarrel.'
'

airo-bidum

(act.),

I give back,'

'

airo-SiSopai (mid.), I sell.'

'
100. ol 8, and others,' besides those

Kara TOS iroXus,

Cp. IV. 231

'

who

sailed away.

Kara

in the different towns.'

is

here distributive.

n.

1. 101. Y 1 YVO FL V(1>V

imperf. part., 'if this went on.' Cp. 1. 38 n. i.e.
by getting this done he would please Pharnabazus.
02. x a P^ ^ ai ^apvapdfw, because Pharnabazus, the satrap of
1.
Bithynia (VII. 153 n.) was afraid of having the Greek army so near his
See 11. i, 2 of this Chapter.
province.
'

1.

104. apn.ooTT|S, 'as governor,' in apposition to StaSoxos.

105. diro-86<ri)ai, sell as slaves.'
Cp. 1. 99 n.
What is the uncontracted form of this word?
107. 'XdTTOvs.

1.

108. irapa-irXv<ras,

1.

'

1.

lit.

'

having sailed along (the

coast),'

i.

e.

having coasted along.'

1.

109.

For Parium and

Perinthus

112),

(1.

see

the

Map

and

Vocabulary.

no. ws Taxiora. Cp. V. 185 n.

TOVS 8i-criTap|x*vovs TWV arparuoTuJv, lit. the dispersed (ones) of the
soldiers,' i. e. 'those of the soldiers who had been dispersed' (1. 100).
1.

'

is the partitive gen.

Kemember that Piflafa
8ia-pcf}A{iiv.
'
transitive, to cause to go.*

2r panearSiv
1.

in.

1.

114. U-ITOVTO, to be distinguished from ttvov.

and

its

Cp.

compounds
II.

158

n.

are

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

1.

115.

<is 8ia-{3tj<r6n.voi,

were going to

cross,' or

'

lit.

l6j

'as about to cross,' i.e. 'because they

of crossing' (after a.<r\Lfvoi).

at the thought

1.
119. vir-icrxvov(jivos, 'though he promised,' the participle, or
though promising.' Ka'nrfp is usually added to a participle to mark
that it means 'although.'
Cp. I. 261 n.
'

1.

to

ras
Lat.
1.

o\i

itr

Lat.

;'

'

dixit milites non trajicere.']

'

'

TOIS crrpa.Titt>Tcus (XTJ irepaiovaOai,

told the soldiers not
militibus imperavit ne trajicerent.' [Eur TOVS o-TpaTtw'
said that the soldiers were not crossing ;'
-nfpaiovaOat, would be,

121.

cross

'

K\V<TV,

23.

WKTOS.

1.

130. TTJS

1.

135. Svo dvSpas.

noun (and
1.

136.
'

Tjpovfjiijv,

Cp.

II.

aor.

118

in

a minor sense

is

n.

Cp. IV. 255 n.

A dual adj. may always be put with a plural

vice versa), unless particular stress is laid

two only are meant.'

tpon-dca'),

The

had ordered.'

generally translated by the pluperf.

Cp.

IT-TIPTO.
Distinguish (l) fipofnjv,
I ask,' (2) rjponrjv, imperf. pass,

imperf. of alpeopai,

'

upon the

fact that

n.

I. I

2nd aor. of fpo/Mi

of aipca, ' I raise

(pies,
;'

(3)

I choose.'

o TI povXovro xpTJwOai, lit. in what he wished to use,' i. e. what use

he wished to make of.' *O rt is the accus. of respect, as to what.'
The Thyni originally inhabited the Thracian district
1. 138. 0wwv.
but were driven into Asia, and
near Salmydessus on the Euxine
'

'

'

colonised Bithynia, formerly called Bebrycia.

1. 1
39. The dominions of Maesades were a dependency of the Odrysian
kingdom. When the power of the Odrysae declined, the whole kingdom

was divided, and then Seuthes lost that portion of it which his father
had ruled. The Odrysae once had a very extensive dominion, on both
At one time their power
sides .of the Hebrus (now the Maritza river).
extended beyond the Haemus (Balkan) range to the Danube, and as far
thus including most of the eastern portion of the
west as the Strymon
modern Roumelia and Bulgaria. It was now on the decline.
;

ttc-iriiTTEi, lit.

'falls out,'

passive of (K-@aX\<u,
1.

141.

'

TW vvv paaiXei,

between the

article

i.

e. 'is

banished.'

'EK-niirr<u is

used as the

I cast out.'

and

Any word

'the present king.'

its

noun = an

adjective.

Cp.

I.

or words
109, IV.

124 n.
1. 142. dXXoTpias.
'A\\6rptos is the possessive of aAAos, 'belonging
to another.' Cp. the Lat. alienus from alius.
1.

144. Ti}Jiwpoip,Tjv, middle, 'take vengeance on,' i.e. 'punish.'

Cp.

I.

151 n.
1. 145.
diro-p\trwv, 'looking* for my daily maintenance, as a dog
watches for scraps from the table. 'Airo-fl\etrfii> is lit. to look away
from everything else towards one object, hence to look eagerly.''
'

'

'

ffOTES.

68

1.
146. tic TOVTOV, here 'in consequence o/this,' not merely 'after this/
as in former instances (I. 85, etc.).
I.
Observe the tense before translating.
147. 6\|/co-6c.

etc., 'if you were to join me, I think

marks that the event of the Greeks joining
Seuthes is as yet uncertain, a mere possibility in fact. This is the third
out of the four forms of conditionals, IV. 1130.

148, 149. cl

II.

irapa-Yvoia6e,

The

should,' etc.

opt.

we were to come.' See the last note.

av OE$CI.
This is the second
155-157. av (XT) Sia-irpd|u>|j.cv
form of conditional (IV. 113 n.) 'if (by any chance) we shall not have
succeeded in doing this for you, will you receive us,' etc.
[When the
principal verb is in the fut. ind., the if clause generally has lav with
151. cl cXOoipcv, 'if

I.

II.

'

the subj.]
1.

156. Supply

(civ

from the former

line before ^.

157. povXtofwOa, n t &ov\t>]VTa.i, because the antecedent to 5<roi

YHJ.OS, 'as many of us as desire.'
1.

is

1. 160.
The article TT)C marks the possessive of the
TT|V OvyaWpa.
same person as the verb owacu. Cp. I. 1 5 n.
1. 161.
Although its has an accent, it means 'any,* not 'who?' The
accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from the <roi following;
would not have any accent if it had not the accent thrown back
'

from

TIS.

The custom of buying a wife prevailed in other Eastern

nations besides Thrace, and anciently in Greece itself.
[Hence one
meaning of the word tdva in Homer is money paid by the suitor to the
1.

162.

For Bisanthe

parents of the bride.]

1.

163. Twv-cVi-0aXaTTn-xwpfo>v.

Map and Vocabulary.

For the article and noun with

see

words between,
1.

and

169.

The

cp. I. 109 n.
stress is on tvOaBe pt'vovres,

'whether you will

stay here

consult, or," etc.

1.

175. dir-i<JvTC,/M/. part.,

1.

76.

av-oxcua{ca0e,

lit.

'about to depart,'

'

pack

up.'

i.e.

"S.v-aKHia.$taOai is

'{or departure.'
to collect (and

'

pack up) one's baggage (rd. a^cw;).' Lat. vasa colligere.

1.
178. nerd ravra.
Cp. I. 128 n.
tiiroKTo.
Cp. 1. 115, II. 158 n.
1. 182.
u<nrcp Kal vw. Supply the 2nd pi. pres. ind. act. of the verb
from which Xij|/cr6e comes.
1.

184. Sia-Ti6l|Atvo, 'disposing of (by sale).' &taTiOt](ii

'
Lat. dispono, whence our dispose.'

is lit.

'I put

in different places,'

iropi(w.
I.

ir<}<rov,
II.

Think what mood

185. Jir-ijpTO.

Cp.

'how much?'

1.

i.e.

this

136

must be

after iva.

n.

'how

far?'

Lat. quantum.

186, 187. ovSaprj, iroXXaxTJ, properly datives

of plact, meaning

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.
'

no-where,*
'

occasion,'

'

in

many

on many

originally datives, the

1.

187.

1.

Cp.

1.

eir!

So

simply as adverbs.

i.

subscript

'

e.

often.'

iravraxij, d\\axr), etc.]

TOUTOIS, 'on these conditions.'

'

90. Kaicl T<xci9,

100

on no
time,
[Though these words were
was dropped when they came to be used

but here rather implying

places,'

occasions,'

169
'

lit.

according

Cp. IV. 350

to ranks,'

i.

e.

'

n.

in separate ranks.'

n.

For is with the/?//, part., cp. II. 70 n.

irap-iovres.
The superlative
195. (itYiora, superl. of fj.fya\us, adv. of /le'-yas.
of an adverb is generally only the neut. plur. of the superlative of the
1.

191.

cos

1.

corresponding adjective.
v ?xT|5, ' whatewr you have" or ' may have.'
196. The stress is on evi'ovs, 'it is because I
that," etc.
Cp. I. 261 n.

o TI
1.

you

Cp. VII. 28

am

n.

well-disposed to

1.
198. imo-ci. Remember (i) that 7ra<rx<w may mean to 'get good' as
well as to 'get harm ;' (2) that watrxw being used as
passive of iroitoi
('to treat well' or 'ill') is followed by viro marking the agent.
1.

201. TpiTroSes, 'three-legged tables.'

Each guest had a table to
and these were brought in and removed at each course.

himself,

'
1.
204. Trapa-K6i(XVovs, which were set near him.' Kftfjuu is used for
the passive of riQrjiu.
Cp. III. 207, VII. 221 n.
1. 205. KaTo,
in small pieces.'
Kard is distributive. Cp.
(UKpov,
'

1.

100

n.

1.

206. ficeivTO.

1.

207. Distinguish raurd, 'the same things,' from ravra,

Cp.

1.

204

n.
'

these things.'

Cp.

1.^27511.
Scivo; (fxxyeiv, as
1.
1.

But
1.

we say a terrible one to eat,' i. e. 'a great cater.'

210. eSciirvci, imperf. 'went on with his supper."
214. TI Ae'yoi, 'what he said,' the indirect question after Tjpura.

in the

next line

'

it is

o TI \eyot, what," i. e. ' that which he said.'

leads up to the 5 in the next section, the
'

The plv

216. p.v 8q.

ST)

winds up this paragraph. The two = so then,' and are used to mark
the end of one subject and the beginning of another.
1. 218.
irpo-irivu aoi, lit. 'I drink before you,' i.e. 'I drink your
In asking a man to drink wine with you, the Greek custom
health.'
was to drink first yourself and then pass on the cup.
1. 2 20. 8tiiicii>v,
when you pursue,' airo-x<p&v, when you retreat.' Cp.
I. 261 n.
Observe icaC
Kai answering to one another.
'

'

'

1.

221.

<(>(v<u.
1.

airo-ijieu^ei,.

Remember

'Awo implies 'get clear

223. o TI ITOUH,

that the fut. of tptvyw

is

ciiojuai, not

off".'

'what he should

do,'

the deliberative opt. after

fJ7TOplTO.
1.

223. cKa0T|To.

Whyistheaugmentbeforethepreposition? Because

NOTES.

1JO

was so much oftener used than the simple verb fjitai, that it
compound at all. Cp. IV. 60 n.
1. 2:7. eivai. the infin. in Greek
expressing a result or consequence,
where the Latin would require ut or qni with the subj., (qui simus or
KaO-rjfMi

ceased to be treated as a

Cp. VII. 90

futures').

n.

229. Distinguish (JUTO TOUTOJV, 'with these (men),' from /xra ravra
234), 'after these (things).'

1.

(\.

232. auroi, of their own accord.'

234. oxiXovlvTs Ktpo.cn, 'playing on horns.'
'

1.
1.

the
'

or

'

'

hence simply

Av\fca

is

'I play

lit.

play (any instrument).'

1.
235. iroXcfiiKov, 'a war-cry,' some neuter word, such as fioapa,
a shout,' being understood.
flute,'

flageolet,'

Seuthes was performing a mimic

-T|\aTo, ist aor. of ff-oAAo/toi.

war-dance, like the one described

Chap. VII. 330.

240. <|>vXdaa0ai, middle, 'are on their guard.'
Cp. III. 91 n.
243. 6-irorav, as soon as ever.'
Compounds of $LV always take the

1.

in

'

1.

subj.

av

when not attached

Cp. VII. 28
1.

247. etirovTO.

1.

249. avros,

In Latin

286
1.

it

to a conjunction can never

go with the

subj.

n.

Cp.

11.

the nom.

would be

114, 1/8
in

'dixit

n.,

also II. 158 n.

apposition
se

with

the

subject

ipsum speculaturum

of

esse.'

?<f>T).

Cp. IV.

n.

251.

Xijo-ofjiev .. eiri-ireo-c'vrfs,

fallen upon,"

i.

e.

'

we

shall fall

'we

lit.

shall escape notice

upon unperceived.'

having

AavOavtiv with a

participle (or a verb with the part, of KayQavoi) may often be translated
by an adverb 'secretly,* 'unawares,' etc., as \a*0cu><u irotaiv or voiu
\aOuiv,
1.

'

255.

do

it

tjBTj,

secretly.'

'already,'

Lat jam,

in

1.

357 'at once,' Lat.

jam

or

profeclo.

Kara Ouv. Remember this has nothing to do with

us Taxicrra. Cp. V. 185 n.

1.

258.

1.

259.

1.

267. aXXa, 'well'

Cp. VI. 270.

/cora-fltiVai.

'E-yw p.v answers to av 8

in

next line.
1.

in

268. irapa-rttvai TT|V tfxxXa-yYa, 'to extend his line along."

4>a\a-y(
'a line of battle.*

Xenophon does not mean a compact body of men, but

Cp. VII. 202 n.

1. 270. avrov.
1.

Cp.
1.

Cp. VII. 174

273. diro-SoaOot, the

Greek

n.
infin.

marking

design.

Lat. ul venderet.

227, VII. 90 n.
277. 8 c<|>povTo, imperf., 'which they were carrying' i.e.

1.

'while

they were carrying it.'

1. 278. & olvos, etc.
So Ovid, writing from his dreary place of exile
at Tomi, near the mouths of the Danube, says (Tristia, L lo. 23)

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

'

consistunt

Udaque

formam

171

servantia testae

Vina, nee hausta meri, sed data frusta bibunt."

Liquid wine grows solid, keeping the shape of its jar, and they drink
not draughts of wine, but pieces of it.'
'

'were burnt

lit.

279. dir-titatovTa,

1.

off," i.e.

'were

The

frost-bitten.'

The expression
imperfect implies the frequency of the occurrence.
'burning' is sometimes used of intense cold, as well as of intense heat.
[So Virgil uses adurere of the north-wind, and Milton in
ii.

Par. Lost,

294, says,
'

Burns frore

= frozen)

The parching

and cold performs the

280. avroi).

1.

282. dveoraToj, adverb, superl. of avca.

between the
I.

Cp.

1.

article rfj

of

fire.']

270 above.

1.

Cp.

air

effect

and

its

noun

Comp.

dvoarfpca.

Coming

has the force of an adjective.

/fcw/ij? it

n.

109

Cp. VII. 20

1.

286. tm-Ti9VTai.

1.

289. tjj-iovra duo-OvT|o-Kiv,

n.

come out and be killed.' 'Airoused for the passive of a-rro-Hrdi CD, I kill.'
'
290. ol irepl TOV Hcvo<f>uvTa, lit. those about Xenophon (including
'

to

'

Ofrjaicoj is
1.

himself),'
1.

i.

e.

'

Xenophon and

his friends.'

291. 2i\av6s MaKio-rios, a neighbour of

Xenophon mentions him here

1.
1.

1.

294. ot |iv, 'some.'

See note on
297. dir-tOave.

Think before

300. Kot.

Xenophon.

is

why

284 above.

1.

Cp.

translating.

I.

21 n.

much' as he had

rpiirXaaCav, i.e. 'three times as

This

(See Vocabulary.)
Cp. VII. 161 n.

particularly.
ol 8t, 'others.'

before the Greeks

joined him.
1.

304. a Xtyoitv, 'what they said,' not 'might say;'

Greek

the opt.

is

used

a reported speech after a principal verb in the past tense

(tiT-eStiKvvev), where we should use the indicative.

in

1.

in

Cp. IV. 278, 283 n.

306. OVK-|<}>H, as one word, 'refused.'
'
to avenge himself upon,' i. e.
to punish.'
aOai,
'

1.

308. x v BIKTJV,
if (as
TOVT<U,
l-

'

have penalty,' i. e. are punished.'

'
since they will be.'
the case) they will be,' or
'

lit.

'

1.

Cp.

is

Cp. VI. 11311.

'

1.
309.
TOVS.

o|XT|povs,

as

hostages,'

in

apposition

310. KO.KOV TI iroitiv depends on SvvmorraTOVs.

Distinguish tdv, infin. of acu, I allow,' from lav,

to

TOVS BwaTwrd-

1.

'

home,' from
1.

314.

$js,

'

otvoi,

houses.'

Cp.

instead of ty, after

I.

air

into the case of its antecedent \tlas.

298

'

if;'

also OIKOI,

'

at

n.

The

tSoro.

Cp.

I.

290

relative is 'attracted'
n.

NOTES.

172
'

1.314. dn-8oTo,

had

sold,'

being in

minor sentence.

Cp.

I.

n8n.
dno-oiSojfii, 'I

Distinguish
'

give back,'

'

render/ from dno-SiSonai (mid.),

I sell.'

Cp. 1. 99 n.
1. 316.
ir\iov rfjs Xtias, 'more of the spoil* than had produced the
pay for twenty days.
1.319. TrX-ripr) TOV |xur66v, 'the pay in full, irkripj), i.e. 'the pay
which you brought would have been in full, being the predicate to ruv
moQuv. Cp. note on TJOVV TOV rpuirov III. 206.
tSvvw, 2nd sing, imperf. of 5iVa/xai, shortened from
5t5nj(a)o.
EC jit] t'Svva), if you had not been able.'
1

'

320. TOVTOV,

1.

sc.

TOV fiiaOov.

'you would even have sold.' This

four conditional forms given in the note on IV. 113.
Kttl dirt'Sou dv,

322. 8i-/3aXX.
Cp. I. 12 n.
323. o rt, the accus. of respect,
as.'
on in the next line is that.'

is

the last of the

1.

'

in

whatever

respect,'

i.

e.

'

as

much

'

From what

3 2 5- *JX0 T <>'

1-

verb does this

come?

326. 8i-KiTO, 'was disposed.'

Cp. III. 207 n.
The Ionian cities of Asia
329. irapd
ippiovos.

1.

1.

Spartan protection from Tissaphemes,

Cp. VII. 135

n.

Minor had sought

who was now avenging

himself

upon those who had supported Cyrus in his rebellion (see beginning of
Chap. I.). The Spartans sent out Thibron (or Thimbron) with a large
force to oppose Tissaphemes.

335- diro-8i8uis, (active voice"*.

Cp. 1. 3-14 n.
336. d-n--aiTT|(rov<Ti takes two accusatives, like a factitive verb.

1.

339. diro-8i8oit), was ready to give up.'

Cp. 1. 304 n.
imperf. of tvifa. Do not mistake this word for a
with the prep, if
1.

t|a{v,

compound

'

was,' not

'

might be,' the indirect question of past tense

Cp. 1. 2140.
1Understand OTI from the former clause,
344- X ^P OV "| awry.
Like tir) in
(that) it was worse for him,' i. e.
against his interests.'
1.
342, it is opt. of past indirect statement after dirtxpivaro on.
1.
345. Distinguish fj, 'really?' Lat. numl), from fj, 'or,' 'than.' Cp.
1.

342.

with

eii),

irofos after ipajTuvTcuv.

'

'

VII. 201 n.
1. 346. iraw jiv ovv, 'nay,
very much (so).' Mtv ovv in answer to a
question states the case more precisely and emphatically, 'nay, rather.'
1.
348. dXXd, 'well, but," i. e. 'well (he may oppose it), but if,' etc.

1. 351. timSdv iSwcriv,

28 n.
1.

upon

their

as soon as ever they have seen

us.'

Cp. VII.

i. e. Charminus and
Polynicus (1. 328). As no
number, they are spoken of in the plural (cp.

355. TOVS AaKwvos,

stress is laid

'

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.
I.

it is

n.)
T<O

getting
1.

=a

but

1.
1

next clause, where they form the subject of the verb,

This gives a sort of picture of the two Laconians'

in the

'

AaKwve.

to speak.

up

who has injured.' The article with a participle

pronoun and verb. 'ASi/njcrai'Tj alone would mean, having
'since he has injured.'
Cp. I. 261 n.

356. TU> o8iKT|<ravTi.,

'

'

relative

injured,' i.e.
1.

Cp. 1. 306 above, I. 1510.

357. Tifjuop-fjcrco-ee.
Kat is stronger than ft, 'both., and what
KO.I.
358. TC
.

not only

173

but more than

is

more,'

this.'
'

1. 360.
KaT-T)Ypfyr(dv /"' part. to accuse.' Lat. accusatnrus. Cp.
71 n.
1 '
'
ever so long ago.'
even long ago,
1. 361. Kat irdXcu,
Cp. I. 21 n.
>

1.

1.

363.

The

vuKTCt KCU -f]fxpav.

KO.I

stress is

on

'

VVKTO.,

night as well

as day."
1.

'

364. otiSv, ace. of respect,

have had no

lit.

'we

in nothing,' i.e. 'not at all,'

rest at all.'

1. 365. Distinguish
him.'

u\Xos Kal aXXos,

i.

\irra,

e.

'

ToOi-ov, 'after him,'

from

/rd

TOVTOV, 'with

one after another.'

dv-fcmj OJAOUOS, stood up (and spoke) to the same effect.'

1. 366. tic TOVTOV.
Cp. I. 85 n.
1. 367. d\Xd .. (itv, 'well indeed,' or
nay indeed.' Here the (xv is
'
not followed by a SJ, because it is connected with dAAd, but in truth.'
'

'

'

Its position

emphasises iravra,

may

well expect any sort of

ill-

treat-

ment,' etc.

'

I seem,' but of an unused

the simple verb in use.
I have (receive) blame,' i. e. 'I am blamed ;'
1. 368. alrias
?xo,
hence followed by gen. of agent with viro. As alnao^tai, 'I blame,'. is
irpos-8oicdv.
I

compound not of 8o/',

watch

'

pres. SOK&CO,

for.'

Aovw is

'

itself
1.

it can have no pres. pass.

answered by 81 in /terd S ravra in 1. 372.
events I turned back [if I did not show zeal in any other

the middle voice,

370.
'

y,

The |xv

at all

is

way].'

Take

f\Si\

with J)p|A>i(ivos (perf. pass. part, of opjM<u) t

'

though

had

already started.'
1.

373.

TTSLcraifAi,

'in case I should persuade,' or

'

on condition of

my

persuading.'
1. 374. OUTOI.

Think what

this

means

in the

nominative with

/?.

375. ws Taxio-Ta.
Cp. V. 185 n. Xenophon had intended to take
the army across from Perinthus into Asia at the bidding of Anaxibius,
but was prevented by Aristarchus the new governor of Byzantium. See
1.

above,

11.

no,

120.
'

1.

377. wjxds povXojxvovs,

that you were wishing it*

The Greeks

NOTES.

174

used the participle after verbs of knowing,

etc.
Cp. II. 108 n.

etc.,

to express the fact

known,
1.

379. o TI

'what was or might be necessary,' the deliberative opt.

@ov\tv6nt6a o n Sty.

Se'oi,

after ^ov\tvaai^.fOa, the past of the delib. subj.

Cp. 1. 223 n.
'

1.
380.
Lat. turn

8-f|

then in

emphasises tvravGa,

'

then,

fine,'

and not

till

then.'

demnm.

Vrav9a, herein,' in this,' = 11* rovrca.

"Ov and v|xds are both governed by air-taTfprjKti'ai.
Verbs of depriving in Greek take (i) a double accus., as diro-arfpui at TOI>
'

I.

'

381.

II.

383, 384.

you (o/") your pay;' (2) ace. and gen., as diro-oT(f>u>.

Cp. 1. 472.
x lv that I have no! even.' The /<7?8e in this and next

HiaOuv, 'I deprive

at TOV

/j.toduv.

'

1.

384.

(ATjSc

>

sentence should go directly before

1.

387.

&v

a.

'I should (now) certainly (8?)) have been

if I had been deceived.'
See the four
if--j\tra.Tr\QT]v,

TJcr)(iiv6fAT]v

8t|,

'

feeling ashamed,' cl
forms of conditional sentences, IV. 1 1 3 n.
Notice the emphasis, 'if
Tro\fii'ou Y
-

had been

it

Ity

an enemy

that.'
'

1.

388. OVTI,

lit.

me

to

i.

being,'

e.

'

if I

am,

'

in

a case where

am.'
'

1.

389. irpos TOVTOIS, besides this ;' Lat. praeterea, to be distinguished

'
therefore
Lat. propterea.
Tipus ravra,
'
would not allow,' but
391. OUK sia, (hnperf. of taw), not merely
'

from
1.
'

was
1.
1.

'

we

preventing."

394. OUK

rjv fjp.iv,

it

(possible) for us.'

<

1.
otiBtva,
399. OUKCTV
negatives in Greek do not
.

Cp.

was not

398. irpos-Yty vTO T\V* V imperf.,

found ourselves acquiring.'

II.

59

'

no longer

make an

'

lit.

were being added to

us,'

i.

e.

Two

a single enemy.'
or more
affirmative, but a stronger negation.
.

n.

401. Remember that diropouo-i may be another part of the verb

besides the 3rd pi. pres. ind.
Cp. II. 149 n.
1.

cl

he was not giving you so very much pay besides

there for you to be distressed ?' i. e. even putting
of pay, you had got many advantages from the
'

(jurj

(irpos),

aside

ax6c<r6<u,

if

what need was

the question

'

alliance with Seuthes.'

1.

405.

ayr

'

8t|,

come now

!'

Lat. agedum.

not a conjunction joining aytrt with aittyaaOt.

'
by the side
Ttapd ravra, in comparison with these,' or, as we say,
two
these.'
things
you
of
together,
put one beside
[In comparing
Hence wapa-/3oA.^, a parable? or comparison,' in the New
the other.
'

KCU;

also,'

'

'

Test.]

'

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

175

imperf., was starting.'

Cp. wp^rj/^fvos I. 370 n.
For the meanings of KOI cp. I. 21 n.
OVK dv (i Tr|AiTOv, they would not have been sending me,'
'

1.

406.

(Lp[i(6)XT]v,

1.

407.

KO.I.

'

1.
409.
fourth conditional form, IV. 113 n.

The

'

o\\<i>5,

otherwise,'

= tl

'

/XT)

tiriaTtvdp.r]v,

had not been

if

the

trusted.'

Cp. I. 12 n.
'about me,' i.e. 'in

1.

410. 8ia-pej3\T]n.vos.

1.

413. irepl

f\ii,

lit.

my

case,'

or

'

to

me.'

Cp.

1.425.
1.
Observe Xenophon's tact in his
414. tnrsp vifiuv KO.I <rvv vifAiv, etc.
constant repetition of void's, vpSiv, etc., throughout this speech.
He

wished to insist strongly upon the fact that he had been a. fellow-labourer
with them in all their past achievements.
[His language in the latter
part of the speech much resembles that of St. Paul to the Corinthians,
second Epistle, chap, xii.]
'
418. OTTOI &v po\iXi](r0, 'wherever you [may] choose ;' lit. whithersoever."
Compounds of &v have the force of ever,' Lat. -cunque, and
in his
1.

'

always take the subj. Cp. VII. 28 n.

1.
419. STJ emphasises vvv, 'Do you think the present
'

etc.
'

Distinguish Kcupos,

time

'

a particular time,'

is

occasion,"

fit

time?'

from \p6vos,

'

in general.

1.420. ov

ox/'Stv, 'anything
'certainly not,' goes with t\ty(Tt
399, II. 59 n.
1.
422. viir-ttrxveia-Ge, the imperf., because it is joined by ical to ticdXei.
Inform it might also be the pres.

at

all.'

Cp.

IATJI',

1.

1.
423. ol vvv TJKovres t^' v^ds, i. c. the Lacedaemonians, Charminus
and Polymcus, who wanted the army. Cp. 1. 331. '</>' v/wis means
to fetch you.'
after you,' i.e.
Cp. VI. 16 n.
1.425. pfArioves, 'any the better' for your treatment of me, by
showing yourselves so ungrateful.
irtpl ep.e.
Cp. 1. 413 n.
'

'

I.
427. d\X' t|xol [xtv-roi, lit.
whatever others may think.'

II.

429, 430.

beginning at
1.

1.
430.
342 n.
I.

431.

1.

'

well to

me however,'

For the conversation here

i.e.

'

in

my

"referred to see the

opinion,
section

342, p. gS.

where we use the past

eirj,

opt., indirect que&tion,

eiij,

opt., indirect statement, see

1.

344

ind.

Cp.

n.

434, 435. diro-86jxvos, dir-8wKe.

Cp. 1. 99 n.
'
1.
If we are wise, we
439. cdv o-ioipovcojjLev.
Polycrates had said,
shall apprehend Heraclides (1. 436).
Heraclides, purposely repeating
his words,
says to Seuthes, If we are wise, we shall get away as fast as
II.

'

'

we

can.'

NOTES.

176

'

Cp. I. 15 n.
440. TOWS IITTTOVS, the article is possessive, their.'
'
had promised.' The aor. in a minor sentence
445. \iir-ta-\fro,
For the
must often be rendered by the pluperf.
Cp. II. 118 n.
promises of Seuthes sec above, 11. 154-163.
I.

1.

'

1.

446. iroTspa,

irapd StvOfl.
'

whether,' this being implied in iOvero.

[to see]

nnpa with

= Fr.

dat.

'

at

chez,

'

house

of,'

with,'

lit.

beside.'
I.

TOVTOV.

449.

TToppo), or Trpotrw,

I.

Cp.
'

lit.

85 n.

further

'

hence

;'

far from."

Since Medosades is addressing Xeno453, 454. d8iKeiT

vjxiv.
phon as the representative of the army, he uses the plural instead of
II.

uSitfffs

and

aoi.

458. ov Trapa-KaXto-avTs. Seuthes had not invited Xenophon to

the conference with the Spartan envoys.
Cp. 1. 340.
1.
461. irpo-tmoi, opt., in a reported speech, after t\fy(v on, where
we use the indie. Cp. 1. 304 n.
1.

1.
463. uTT-ioijjuv &v
these men should have,'
.

The Greeks

have.'

'

lit.

?xouv,

i.

e.

'

we

will

we would go away,

employed the

often

as soon

as

go away, as soon as these men

opt. with &v as a milder

way

of

ar for Aeo>, ' I will speak.'

[So also the
2nd pers. of the opt. for the imperative mood, as \(-foi$ iv for \tft,
'

saying

I iw7/,' as \tyoint

'

speak.'J

the

1.465. Distinguish
punish.'

Cp.

I.

act.

n/j.up(ca

from the mid.

rtftoopfOfMU,

'I

151 n.
'

1.
467. Distinguish eBeiro, imperf. of 5o/tai,
of the impers. verb 5f, it is necessary.'

I ask,'

from <8, imperf.

'

1.

'

469. amwjxevos.

Distinguish alriaofiat,

accuse,'

from

'

alrtca,

ask.'
1.
472. airo-orcp'TJo-ai up,as TOV jiiaOov.
of depriving cp. 1. 383 n.
1.

476. a wir-to-xTo.

Cp.

1.

445

For the construction of verbs

n.

of you.' A(' ln&v would be by your means?

which would also have been true in the present instance, though Xenophon does not exactly say sd.
1.

478.

'

8.' vjias, 'because

1.481. us diT-iiiv, 'with intent to depart.'

denotes a purpose. Cp. II. 70 n.
1.

'

484. dir-ayayot

irapa-SoiT],

they begged

'Cls

with the/;//, part,

him not

to depart before

he should have led away the army and delivered it up to Thibron.'

nplv with opt. is used after negative sentences of past time (answering
to irp\v ta> with subj. of present time).
The opt. implies it was quite
uncertain when this could be done.
See Vocabulary.
1. 485. Adp-vJ/aKov.
1. 486. Distinguish
dir-avrqi from airavra (i) by the breathing and

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT.

VIII.

accent, (2) by the i svbscriptum, (3)

a compound of dir6.

by the hyphen showing that

I'J'J

ait-avra

is

1.

488. ?x oi

'

ccrecrOai p.T)Sc,

'

had,' not might have.'

Cp. 1. 342 n.
'
that there would not even be.'
1

1.

489. IKO.VOV WOT* dir-itvai, lit. 'sufficient so as to depart,'

enable him to get away.'

i.e. 'suf-

ficient to

ei.Tr6-8oi.To,
1.

middle voice.

1.

Cp.

491. J?Trm|;av, aorist after

99
'

lircf,

n.

had sent'

(II.

118

n.).

But ?0vs

(next line), imperf., 'was sacrificing.'

1. 492. I8(ov TO. Upcia, i.e. when Euclides
inspected the
found unfavourable signs.
1.
493. |AT| X* IV 'that he had not,' after irtlffoiro.
'

entrails,'

he

>

'
I know that there will be.'
The
494. OTI joins oiSo, to tcrrai,
clause with tav depends on tcrrai, 'there will be, etc., if you intend,' etc.

1.

1.

497.

'

'

already,'
1.

498.

TJSrj

'

6v<7i,

if

he had ever

"H8^, Lat. jam,

sacrificed.'

before now.'

ovK-?<j)T],

as one word, 'denied,' 'said that he

IV. 270, 283 n.

Ail TO> MeiXixitp,

'

to Zeus the Gracious.'

had

not.'

Cp.

Though Xenophon had

of

course often sacrificed to Zeus, he had never sacrificed to him under

this particular title, and the various attributes of one god were often

Thus the dream related in Chap. IV.

personified into separate deities.
42, etc., is said to have come from Zei>s {3acriAetJS, i.e. Zeus under his
title

of King.

'from whatever (time),'

OTOU,

lit.

I.

499.

avv-epoijAevio-ev,

'

'

\(vftv,

IV. 14

'ever since.'
Distinguish the act.

i.e.

advised.'

to advise,' from the mid. avn-!3ov\tvfff0at,

'

trv/ji-fiov-

to consult.'

Cp.

n.

act. dir-tSoTO, mid.

Cp. 1. 99 n.
See Vocabulary.
1. 510. Thought-Is has an accent, it means 'a certain one,' not 'who?'
The accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from O-TVV. Cp.
II.

1.

1.

503, 504. diT-8orav,

508. ITtp-yanov.

161 n.
'

1.511. cl c\0ois
Xd{3ois av, if you were to come, you might take,'
the third of the four conditional forms given in IV. 1 1 3 n.
. .

1.

515.

v iroiT|(Tiv.

Eu

iTOKiv

is

to

'

'

treat well,' so to

'

benefit.'

517. aurov TOV 'Aai8aiT)v, Asidates himself;'' distinguish this from

TW avTov 'A.<rioaTT)v, 'the same Asidates.* Cp. IV. 190 n.
1. 518. KCLTO. Kpdros, here,
by storm,' lit. 'according to force.' It
Cp. II. 53 n.
usually means at full speed.'
'
the breach was com1. 520. Si-wpoipvKTo, plup. pass, of Si-opvTT<u,
2nd
aor.
of
from ijaOrjv, ist
alaOdvofuii,
Distinguish -[lo-OoiAijv,
pleted.'
1.

'

'

aor. pass, of 7j8o/ta.

Cp.

II.

910.

NOTES.

178
1.

521. TOW t'YYvraTw, sc. ovros, as iyyiis

comparison

in -Ttpai

and

is

an adverb.

as dvu, K&rca (cp. avcararca, 1. 277), but it was used

besides, as iyyvs, irtpa (irfpairtptu, -Tarca).
'
1. 522. cocrr
ivai, so as not to be safe,' i. e.
IAT|

-,

unsafe.
it

was

"Clare OVK

not,'

(indie.)

?jv

'

or

it

therefore

The form

of

-rarca properly belongs to adverbs ending in

was

would

be,

not.'

Cp. VI. 47

'

with a few others

'

so as to make

it

so that (as a matter of fact)

n.

523. irdji-iroXXoi, after (K-0or]6ovffi and in apposition with oXXo*,

come to the rescue in great force.'
1.
524. TI-XTIO-IOV, an adverb, but standing between the article and its
1.

'

noun,
1.

it is

equivalent to an adjective.
Cp. I. 109 ri".
'
should get away,' the deliberative opt. after

525. diro-xwpoiev,

ffffccnrovv.

Cp.
'

pu>fj.(v
1.

(subj.),

1.

379

how

The direct deliberative would be

we to get away ?'

n.

are

ITWS dirox<o~

526. Pots, irpopara, dvSpdiroSa, nominatives by attraction into the

by ocroi, instead of accusatives after Kapuvrts,

relative clause introduced

= \afi6vTfs

POVS etc., offoi ^aav.

m-Keijivovs = <7ri-Ti0e/Voi/s. Cp. VII. 20, 221 n.
This Procles has been mentioned in Chap. II. 117
1. 530. npoxX-fj?.
as having announced the death of Cyrus after the battle of Cunaxa.
He was governor of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia, and was descended
from the Spartan Demaratus, who had been driven out by the joint-king
Cleomenes, and had taken refuge at the court of Darius nearly 100 years
before the date of this expedition.
534. us (with numerals), lit. 'as it were,' i.e. 'about.'
535- ""1 s VVKTOS, gen. of time.
Cp. IV. 255 n.
542. f-aipcra, 'select portions,' from the mid. al/w'o/xai, 'I choose,'
no from the act. alpica, I take."
1.

528.

'

For Thibron (or Thimbron) cp. 1. 329 n.

544. "EXXijviKep, sc. ffTpaTfvftaTt, So TO lirtriK&v, ru Tr(\TaffTtK&y, ri

543- 6ipp"v.
.

fltpaiitov, etc.
'

1.

545. iiroXffxci, imperf.,

proceeded to

make

war."

VOCABULARY.
[N.B. Hyphens are used, not on strictly philological principles, but only to draw
attention to different elements in the stem of a word, and to show more

meaning of the compound.]

clearly the

For

lenses

of compound verbs not

inserted, see the simple verb.

m. a

-ov,

uYpos,

A.

country.
5-po.TOS, -of, impassable, (of a river)
not to be forded, (a, not, andjScuos,

I go.)

verbal adj. of fta-ivta,

aywi I

lead,

fut.

bring;

pass, fjyuat, i aor. pass.

pass. dxOriffoiMi, 2 aor.

m. Abrocomas, satrap

land;

field,

the

(Lat. ager.)

aca, perf.

Tjx^Vt fut
qyayov.

of Phoenicia, head of Persian troops

between the Mediterranean and Eu-

ywatica dytif, to marry (of the

man). (Lat. uxorem ducere.)
ayt, well I come on I

phrates

fiiov dyeiv, to

'AppoKop-as,

(I.

-ov,

149).

ayayuv,
of dyw.

ofycryciv,

part,

ayaOos,

aor.

goods, wealth

d-yafld',

and

infin.

brave

good,

-6v,

-/],

comp.

TO,

d/te/-

d-8nrvos,

TICTOS.
'AYdO-ias, -ov, m. Agasias, a brave
captain from Stymphalus in Arcadia

supper.)

superl. apiaros,

Ayytlov,
d-yY^Xo>,

>

n a
-

u,

(ayfav, a contest.)
-ov, dinnerless or supperless.

and

not,

(d,

oiimov,

fut.

aor. ijyy(i\a, perf. pass.

d-5iKcci>,

with

and

d-ytipu,

m. a messenger.

collect,

fut.

ace.,

-as,

f.

assemble;

an anchor.

d^K-upa,
aytcvpav, to cast anchor.

a-yvoa>, /

am

aor.

@a\\(tv

(a,

yv&fjir], sense.)

and

I aor.

f.

injustice,

wrong,

Slier),

justice.)

wrongly, (adv.

of

d-StivaTOs, -ov, unable to do a thing.

(d, not, and ovvarbt, verb. adj. of

I am

able.)

a-Suvorov, impossible;

(neut. of dSv-

varos.)
a'Sco,

I sing
av

fut.

(d^po*, afield.)

injury.

(a, not,

aStKO$.)
d-SoXuS) adv. without fraud.

Svva/j.a.1,

iyopa., -as, f. a market-place, provisions; a meeting,

(aytipu.)
frypios, -fa, -tov, living in the fields,
wild,

d-StKia, -as,

d-8iKa>s, unjustly,
fut.

a-Yvo)(Ji(uv, -ov, senseless, foolish,

and

ijS?;/n,

a-SiKo;, -ov, unjust, unfair,

ayvoignorant;
f]ff<a.
(a, not, and yvo; root of
fi-yvw-aKW, I learn.)
not,

injure'
I
aor.

d5(ij<ro>,

pass. fjSiKrjdrjv.

aor. pass. tjfipQijV.

fjyapa,

or

Sfj\os, clear.)

I do wrong, harm,

TjoiKTjaa, perf. pass.

-ov,

ayyeXos,

dinner

aSeXtf 6s, -ov, m. a brother.

not clear, uncertain.
-ov,
(a, not,

vessel, pail.

I announce, report;
I

live.

d-8T|\os,

(VII. 251).
~ ov

life,

anything,

@f\-

vaiv, f$t\Ti<tiv

lead a

(Lat. vitam agere.)

&v, -wvos, a contest; an assembly.
ai, / contend, rrtpi nvos, for

(contracted from

VOCABULARY.

i8o
(adv.) always, continually
time to lime.

oft,

dTos,

from

therefore do not do

m. an eagle.

-ov,

'AOijvato;,

Athenian.

Ovfuus, courage.)

ican/ o/ courage, de-

f.

desponding, (a, o/, and

Ovpos, courage.)
u-0fjp.u>s, despondingly, (adv. of a0D-o>',

pres. and imperf. yOov.)

<u0ou,ai, 7 am on fire.

(Mid.)

m. and

from

f.

alpeofiai.

!/

taken,

(verb.

adj.

(Mid.)

/n/t?,

aipt'oiiai,

fut.

alprfau, perf. yprjica,

perf. pass. rjptjfMi, I aor. pass. TJptOtfv,
2 aor.
rAoi>.

aipu),

/;

rn/s#, ////

fut.

dpw,

^pa, perf. ^/)a, perf. pass,

uia0o.vop.ai,

stand;

7 perceive,

aor.

fjpftat.

feel,

fut. alaOr)ffO(Mt, perf.

under-

yaOrjiMi,

3 aor. rjaOoiirjv.

Aio-x^s,

-on,

m. Aeschines, an Acar-

of alaxpot.
-&,

shameful,
aiaxvvr),
proach,

-ijs,

-6v,

base,

disgraceful,

shame.)
shame, disgrace, re-

(alffxoi,
f.

(dlaxo*, shame.)
O'ICTX^VOJ, (Act.) I put to shame, (Pass.)

cuoxwofxai, 7 am ashamed, with

of the thing: so with infin.

accus.

aiTiao(j.at,

7 blame, accuse:

a?ndand gen.

fut.

aop.li (with ace. of person

of

thing).
airios, -a, -ov, causing harm, guilty ;
TO ainov, the cause; 6 a'nut, the
QiXC-ciXojTos.
captive.

(Lat. reus.)
taken
-ov,

am

(al\p:f),

in

spear,

war,
and

adj. of dX/ovro/JOi,

d\a>T<5s, verbal

taken.)

d-K(5XaoTos,

lit.

-or,

unpunished*
7 punish.)

(a,

undisciplined,

o/,

and

o\a{<w,

a javelin at one;

/i/r/

amuy, a rfar/).
UKOVOJ, 7 hear ; diroww
report that
tainly

is;

fut.

cffai,

d/eovea &v,

it is ;

it

(or

of

7 Afar a
ovra, 1
he) cerI

a.KOvaopM.1,

aor.

iJKOvaa, perf. pass. rjKovfffuu.

a />o//, a /ifa/t-, a citadel.

unmixed, strong (of
wine), (a, not, and xtpavvvfu,! mix )
uKpo-poXitojitti. 7 throw from afar,
I skirmish, (dicpos, outermost, and

aKpa, -as,
a-Kparos,

f.

-ov,

^dAXoi, 7 throw.)
dxpo-iroXis,

nanian (V. 40).

QicrxCwv, aio'xio'TOS, comp. and superl.

aiaxpos,

a canae, a fault, blame;

accused of

hear a report that

alp(<u).

alpcu, 7
choose;

alr^au,

I aor.
j/KuvTiaa.
CIKOVTIOV, -ou, n. a javelin (dim.

a ^oaf.

I aor. participle pass,

alpe0fis, chosen,
aipcTt'os,

f.

aKovTi<i>, 7

aip.a. -arc*, n. blood.

aly6s,

fut.

request;

oir/ai/ ex**'' TIVUS, to be

jaw.)

aiYiuXds, -oD, m. /Ae sea-shore, beach.

u'l'Ocj, 7 (>/>;<,
kindle, (only used in

from

alxia, -as,

accused.

spondency.

ai,

at doing

it).

a thing.

(dOpuos.)

u-OiJfua. -a*,

it (and
but with

perf. yrijica, perf. pass. rfrTjfiai.

alphas, -or, collected, in crowds.

uOdjicu, 7 a?H without courage, I despond ; fut. dOv/tTjffO}.
(a, HO/, and

a-8up.os,

7 ask,

aire'co,

-ov,

-a.,

3.0Xov, -OK, n. a prize.

u0potu, 7 collect, assemble, fut. dOftoiata.

(but yet do

it

do

to
it)

7 am ashamed

part, irotui',

Athens, the capital of

(.

'AO-qvui, -uiv,
Attica.

I am ashamed

iroifTv,

-tois,

f.

/A

upper

city,

citadel, castle.
,

-a,

-ov,

highest,

aKp6rarov, the highest

OKpa, the heights.
,

and

topmost,
point,

-ou<ra, -ov, unwitting.

TO
TO,

(&, not,

iiewv, willing.)

difa),

7 ra/s* the war cry; fut

aXfo>, 7 warrf q^j (with dative) 7

defend; fut. d\fij<rw, I aor. mid.

VOCABULARY.
f.

-as,

a-\T|0ia,

truth

truth, in fact.

a, not,

true,

-ts,

a-\T)OT)s,

rrj d\r]6(ia, in

(d\.t)0i)s, trite.)

un-concealed,

(lit.

and \av Odvta, I escape

a-Xiflos, -oy, without stones,

notice.)

(a, not,

and \tOvs, a stone.)

'AXio-dpvT), -TJS,
in the Troad.

of

passive^

fut.

a'tpftu)

carelessly,

dAicro^cu,

d|iiXXdo|xai,

really

d\\d

but, well;

dAAd

but

ft,

In

a\\T), (adv. really dat. fem. of aKXos,

understand

6oS>)

one

o.X\T|\ovs,

and

another,

(wants nom. and

aXXoflev, (adv.)

another

in

Knl O.\\TI, here

way.
other

from another

place.

f)\\6nr)v,

aor. %\a/j.r)v, 2 aor. f/Ko^riv.

another, different. (Lat.

some others ; oi

-o,

d\\ot,

aA.Ao, the rest;

other respects.

so

a vine.
off,

defend, with dat.

dp.vvojxai,

from
aor.

with

myself,

accus.

punish

TJ/J.VVO..

(with gen. and

ace., never with

Attic prose), lit. ' on both

(dfjt<po>, Lat. ambo, 'both,' sc

amb- in amb-ire.)
with
I.
gen. about, as dia.-(p(p(a0ai d/^u

sides'

Lat.

sing.).

aXXopai, / leap; imperf.

alius.)

dfjKJH,

a care.)
(cifM\\a, a contest.)

f.

off

fut. dfMJvca,

dat. in

there.

each

(d'AAos.)

-t],

fut.

middle

7 ward

still.

7 contend, struggle:

7 ward

aXXos,

not,

d/j.i\\rjaofMt.

d|xi)va),

carelessly.

(d,

it is

elfiireXos, -ov,

but

d\\p

somewhat

(adv.) carelessly,

and /iAf,

or ij\uv.

dXXd, (conjunction),

(a,

dfmvcov, better, braver, used as comp.

of dyados.
d-|X\crT<pov, comp. of d/j.t\G>s, more

the

as

perf. laAcu/m or ffKwita, 2 aor. ta\oiv

yap,

d-(j.ax', (adv.) without fighting,

not, and fM\r), fight.)
ajxcivov, adv. of dfntivasv.

d-jieXdjs,

7 am taken (used

dXio-Kou;at,

town

Halisarne, a

f.

181

rd aAAa, in

all

TWOS, to quarrel about a thing.

IF. with ace. (i.) around, near, with,
especially of persons, as of du(pl

Cyrus and his attendants

those around Cyrus') ; (ii.) of

Kvpov,
'

(lit.

things,

about, concerning;

time, about, as

d/i</>i

jj.taas

(ill.)

of

vvKrat,

to

about midnight; (iv.) of numbers,

as uf.i<l>l rovs Stff-^i\lovs, about
2000. In Composition dfjupl mostly

another, foreign, strange.

(a\\ns.)
aXXtos, (adv.) (i) in another way,
otherwise : (2) at random.

means, on both sides, around, about.

du.4>6Tpos, -a, -ov, both. (Lat. ambo.)
d(i<j><m'p9v, (adv.) on both sides.

-ov,
(a,
unreasoning,
and \oyifaiuu, I reason.)
"AXvs, -vos, m. the Halys, the chief
river of Asia Minor (vi. 141).

dv, conditional particle, lit. 'in that

case:' I. with opt. AWJ di*, 'he

oXXoae,

another

to

(adv.)

place.

(a\\os.)

dXXoTpius,

-ov,

-a,

belonging

a.-Koyia'Tos,
not,

aX<j>t/rov,

-ov,

n. barley
(generally in

plural a\(f>iTa).
(adv.) at the

a(i,a,

together.
ct/ta rj7

same

time, at once,

gen.

(a

mark)

fut.

with

dfMpTT]-

perf. f)n<zpT7]tca, 2 aor. ^/xa/>rov, I aor. pass. -^naprrjOrjv.

-arc*, n.

loose''

(if

something were to

happen). II. with aor. indie. tXvatv

dV, he would have loosed (if some-

had happened).

thing

III.

when

relatives or rela-

8s &V, whoever,
(dv (for fl b.v),
Compounds of dv can only

particles,

as

or-av, whenever,

<ro/j.ai,

would

tive

-775, f.

7 miss

-oiv, both.

compounded with

(Lat. simul.)
fi^ipa, at day-break.

a waggon.
djiaprdva), 7 err, do wrong:
afxa^a,

uiicjju),

a fault, mistake.

if ever.

go with the

subj.

uvd, (with accus. only), lit. up (cp.

dvoj, 'upwards'): I. of place, along,
throughout, on; dvd TT)V n6^iv,

VOCABULARY.
through the

city

II.

dvd

the rate of;

of manner, at

up

itpdrot,

to one's

strength, i.e. at full speed: III. of

numbers, at the rate of; dvd (narov,

100

In

each.

Composition,

up,

again, back.

7 go

dva-f3a(vu>,

go on board

up, ascend,

mount,

fut. -&ijo'op.a.i,

perf.

-ecus,

dvd-/3a(n.s,

a going up, an

f.

Anaxibius,

a
(probably
dvo|vptScs, trousers,
Persian word).
dva-iravw, (Act.) 7 make to cease,

(Mid.)

stop,
rest.

dva-TraxJo(a.ai,

dva-ireTavwp.1, 7 spread

cense,

out, open

fut. dva-irtrdcrca.

2 aor. dv-ffirjv.

-/StflrjKa,

'Ava|i^i,os, -ov, m.
Spartan admiral,

expedition into the interior.

dva-^odu, 7 cry aloud, shout;

fut.

-ov,

without

breakfast.
dv-dpioTos,
(a, not, and apiarov, breakfast?)
7
snatch
up, plunder;
dv-apudjo),
fut. dv-apirdftu, or dv-a/JTrdcrcu.

av-a.YYXAw, 7 bring back news,

port

re-

-ayytXcD, I aor. -r)yyti\a.

Kw I understand, recog-

fut.
'

dva-YiYvt )
nise; read; 2
"

aor. dv-tyvcuv.

dvaYKd(i>, I force, compel

fut.

0^07-

dvaYKT),

necessity, need.

dva-Yvovs, 2 aor. participle of dvayiyvuffKca.

dv-a-Yu),

dvrjyayov,

i a'or.

av-d.Yop.ai.,

and

aor.

pass. -Tixfy"- (Mid.)

to sea.
(dva,, up,

plaud,
(di'd, up,
66pv@as, noise.)
dva-Ka((o, 7 kindle;

i.

loudly,

e.

to another)

7
,

cry

/^, s/ore ;

aloud;

fut.

7 /n&

t//>,

recover;

apafut.

^ai, perf. dv-tiXT/cfa, a aor.

7 Woze

w/,

tote

/fre;

o,

aor. dv-ifjuiva.

dva-jxip.vTio-Kop.ai,

fut.

dva-<ptv-

senses ; fut.

retire, retreat,

draw

i\.

a slave taken

in

war.

(Lat. mancipium.)
a.v-tyilpd>, I wake up, rouse
aor. act.
i
dv-tyfpSj,
1 aor. pass. dv-rjyfpO-qv.

dv-iiriv, to proclaim,

fut.

dv-riyttpa,

(dpd,

(iirtiv

2 aor. infin., <prjfu.)

I Jill up again;

fut.

dv-(K-ir\'fi<TQ>.

indie,

from dvaimperf.

avtv, (prep.) without.

I remind, (Mid.)
I remember; fut.

withdraw;

<iva-x<jjpiu>, 7 cflwse /o retire,

off; I aor. av-tx.<jopiaa..

av-cKpaYOV, 2 aor.

fut. (ii'fi-Aii^i/'cu.

(Act.)

deposit

dv-aXCo-Kw, 7 spend, squander; fut.

op-aAaVo/jat, perf. dV-^XaiKa.
dva-jivw, 7 wait for; fut. dfa-iicva;, I
ava-|xi|ivT|(rK(i>,

i//>,

7 recover my

uv-eK-irip.irXT|p.i,

dva-Xd|iiro>,

se/

2 aor. dv-t<f>vyov.

dvSpd-rroSov, -ov,

I aor.

2 aor. dv-^Kpayor.

va),

o[i.ai,

fut.

fut. dva-xoivdiaca.

j//>,

I escape;

dva-<|>6VY(>>>

aloud, and

fut. dva-ffauo'a;.

uva-Koptf u), 7 carry

,

7 /ny

fut. dca-0)7<ra>, I aor. dv-tOrjica.

ap-

I communicate (something

KOIVOCO,

pass, av-fffrpdfprjv.

pass. dva-Ttraftai.

dva-cfipovcci),

o/

dva-Oopvpe'cj,

dva

tip;

7 put

I lead.)
7 cry

dyoj,

rw/e).

upside down, redva-rrp<j)to, 7 /;

turn, (of an army) rally; fut. dya-

dva-Ti0T|p.i,

7 lead up, bring

/a/ of government,
not, and
dpx^i

(a,

dva-Tiv&>, 7 stretch upwards, extend ;

fut. ara-Tf P, perf. dva-Ttraxa, perf.

-ov, necessary, needful.

-ijs, f.

lawlessness.

OTptyu, 2 aor.

Kafftu, I aor. pass. Qvay/caaOTjv.

dvayKaios,

*, f-

dv-apxii.

dv-x<<>,

dure;
2 aor.

AoW

fut.

(Lat. sine.)

up, put up with, endv-la) or

VOCABULARY.
7 come

dv-T|KW,

up

extend

to,

up-

wards.

m. a man, (Lat. vir.)

man, opposed to woman.

dvT|p, dvopos,
dvfjp,

dvOpcvTros, human being,

to beast.
u.v--f\\fa]v, I

opposed

(Act.)

se/

against,

(Mid.) dv6-i(rra|xai, 7 oppose;

avr-iarrjv,

fut.

av&-(ffT7]Ka, 2 aor.

di/Tt-ffTijtrcy, perf.

(avrl,

'iffTTjfii, I set up.)

dvOptoTTivos, -ov, (adj.)

and

against,

(avOpca-

-ov,

m. a man. (Lat.Aomo).

See dvf|p.
fut.

aor. pass. TjvtaOijv.

dv-iT)|,

7 send

up,

d^-jaaa;,

(dvta, grief.)

let

go;

fut.

d>-

aor. dy-i}tfa, perf. av-tuca.

rja<a, I

(Act.)

dv-icrrr](u,

se/

up, (Mid.)

dv-Urra|uu, 7 rise up, stand up.

So also 2 aor. act. &y-ion\Tft and
perf. and pluperf. act. are intransitive.

dv-iaxw = av-fxca,

intrans.

rise (as

the sun).

dv-oiYWju, 7 open

fut.

av-oitu.

opposite ;

In

return for, instead

Composition, against, exII.

z'

against, must be
distinguished from Lat. ante, before;

change.

(dvrl,

probably

meant

originally,

an axe.

aftov

the

(dyvv^it, I break.)

worth,

-a, -ov,

est),

fffri
it

(Lat.

operae
while;

worth

is

with

worthy

iro\\ov agios, valuable.

dioo>, 7 think it right, claim, ask,
with gen. of person, (agios, worthy.)

dcov, -ovos, m. an axle.

dir-a-yY^M*** I bring back word,
announce, report; fut. dir-ayy^u,
1 aor.

dir-r)yy(i\a.

dir-aYw, / lead away,

bring back;

2 aor. dir-rj-yayov.
-^s,

f.

a leading away,

withdrawal.

7 demand back :

aTf-airew,

'AvravSpos, -ov, f. Antandrus, a city

in the Troad (VIII. 506).
dvTi,( with gen. only), I. over against,

dvrl

-?;s, f.

gen.)

from

worth, value.

f.

-as,

d^ivT],

dir-a'YfoY |]>

or

dv-ovyii),

of.

dvutOev, (adv.) from above,

interior (of a country).

pretium

7 grieve, hurt;

dvido),

dva>-

Comp.

upwards.

Sometimes
Tfpoi, superl. dvcardro).
as a prep, with gen. above.

uios,

dvOpumos,

(avrpov, a cave, and tiSos,

caves,

dia,

human

iroi).

dvTi-4>vXaTTU), (Act.) 7 watch in turn,

(Mid.) 7 am on my guard against
one; fut. -tpv\dca.
dvTp-a>8T)s, -es, cavern-like, full of

form.)
dvw, (adv.)

aor P as$ of dr-d-yw.

dv0-io-nrjjti,

183

aor. dtr-

T/TJJO-O.

dir-aXXaTTW, 7 get rid of:

7 get

off:

(Mid.)

(intrans.)

7 depart;

fut.

-a\\d(a,

perf. pass. -i^AAa-y/wu.

-6v, soft to the touch,
-77,

diraXos,

(amoral, I

tender,

touch.)

aTr-avrdw, (with dat.) 7 come to meet,

encounter; fut. 6.v-avrr]<jtu, I aor.

'

before the face of.')

'AvTi\e'o)v,-oj'Tos, m. Antileon, a soldier
from the Greek colony of Thurii in
Italy (VI. 2).
dvrios, -a, -ov, opposite; often with
'
to go, ride,
itVui, f\avvtiv, etc. ;
etc., against the enemy.'

dvTi-irapa-<TKvd5o(i.oi ) 7 prepare myself in turn; fut. -dero/xat, perf,

dir-rjvrrjffa.

aira|, (adv.) once.

(Lat. semel.)

(a,
d-iropdaKevos, -ov, unprepared,
not, and irapaaxfv^, preparation.)

a-iras, -aaa, -av, all together,

(dfia,
together, and was, all.)
2
aor.
of
dir-t8pav,
diro-SiSpdfffcea.
d-ireiOeo),

(Mt,

I disobey,

(a, not,

direvXtw, 7 threaten;

avTi-irapa-rciTTw,

I range

7 draw
in

posite,
fut. -T<iw, perf. -Tc

battle

up

op-

against;

and

irtiffo-

obey.)
fut.

d7riXi7<T<u,

I aor. fiirti\T]ffa.

aTT-eip.i,
t?/ii,

g-o

awa^,

depart, (airo, and

VOCABULARY.

84

uir-eiju,

and

am

?/*2,

away,
7 am.)

am

distant,

(dir6

iTr-eKpivdiJiTjv, I aor. of dno-HpivofMi.

d-Tr-cXa-uvw. 7 drive away; (jntrans.)

7 inarch away, ride away,

dir-tpxK.<n, 7 go away, depart; for
fut. air-tipi, 2 aor. aTr-tjAfloi'.

the

dir-exOdvojxat.,
fut.

odious;

am

become

hated,

3 aor.

dir-f)(0-f}ao^tai,

am

place)

distant

aWtrxoi'.
UTT-TI \Xcvy p.<u,

foe/>

front

perf.

o^, (of a
2

aor.

of

air-

pass,

perf.

-Spdffo/j.ai,

d-irierria),

not,

d-mcma,

din/rust,

disbelieve,

and marts,
-as,

f.

(a,

dn-tSpaf.

7 give back,
(Act.)
(Mid.) I sell, fut. -owaai, perf.
-otouHa, 2 aor. mid. dit-toofjiriv.
diro-Spdvai, 2 aor. infiu. of diro-otrestore,

opdafca).
diro-0vT|crK<i), 7 die, I
put to death ;
fut. -Oavovpat, perf. -rtOvrjiea, 2 aor.

dir-iQavov.

It

disbelief, faithlessness.

(a, not,

and

iriaros, trust-

worthy.)

must go away (verbal

adjective from dn-dfu).
a.ir6, (prep, with gen. only); (Lat. ab):
I. of place, off from, away from.
II.

of time, from, after, since:

vowel ano becomes

fairov, on horseback,

d<j>',
lit.

In Composition,

horse.'

'

as

dtp?

from

his

from,

off,

away, go off: (2)

(iirirov):
(3) disembark

dismount

grow

1 aor. drr-iflijv, fut.

diTo-piXXo,

d>ro-

7 throw away,

dao-{ia\>,

lose;

2 aor. dir-t(ia\ov.

diro-pXirw, 7 look eagerly.

airo-Se'SpaKo, perf. act. of dwo-5i5/?d-

7 answer,

(Act.)

diro-KptiirTa),

reply; fut.

aor. -fKpivaftrjv, perf.

-Kpivovpai,

(Mid.) I conceal;

A/rfe

/rom

fut. -K/JI/I/W, I aor

diro-KTtivw, 7 />/ /o death, kill;

-/fTtvcu,

aor.

air-fKravov.

6vqaK<a

is

fut.

aor.

[For the Pass,

diro-

aTr-e'/rreii'a,

used.]

diro-Xa|xpdvu, 7 /a^< fcaet, receive

back, recover; fut. -\^if/ofuii. perf.

7 /esve behind,

diro-Xi-irw,

abandon ;

fut.

desert,

-\tl\fxu, perf. -Xe'A.ojira,

2 aor. aTr-^AtTroK.

(Act.)

(Mid.) I perish;
dir-oAtffa,

kill,

a aor. mid.
dir-oa\6fii]v,

2 perf. dw-(5Xtu\a,

'AiroXXwv,

destroy,

fut. dtr-oAd), I aor.

-<ovot,

am

ace.

undone.

'A7r<5A.Ao>,

m.

the god Apollo.

ffxta.

iiro-8tiKW(iv, 7 point

out,

declare,

appoint; fut. diro-o(i<a.

airo-SxH' at> I accept; fut. diro-5-

(dito,

fut. -tcavoca.

quite weary, faint;

perf. -KfKfirjKa, 2

aor. dir-tKa.fi.ov.

dir-6XXv|ii,
fut.

colonist.

dn-(i\rj<pa, a aor. a.-n-i\a$ov.

away.
a7ro-(3aCva>, (i)

(i'(ua)

hence a

diro-Ka(A.v(i>, I
fut. -Kafiovpat,

III.

of origin and cause, proceeding from,

as dir6 iro\/W <pofio$, fear caused
Before an aspirated
by the enemy.

of

diro-Katw, 7 burn off; dir-fKaiovTO at

ptvts, their noses were being frozen

d,iro-Kpivop,ai,

oe

dir-tTt'ov,

used instead

is

the passive of diro-KTtivco, I kill.

aTr-oiKOs, -ov, away from home, (dirb,

off (or frost-bitten)

belief.)

d-irioros, -os, -ov, untrustworthy, unfaithful.

fut.

aor.

diro-8i8u>(jii,

and ofos home)

dir-T|VTT]aa, I aor.

away, escapt

found) ;
-SfSpaxa, a

am

o.TT-rjx^ofj.rjv, perf. a-n-ri\Or)iJ.ai.

dir-X<>, (with gen.)

diro-8i5pao-Kw, 7 run
(so as not to be

^w, 7 am abroad, go abroad.

away, and Sfj^os, home.)

airo-TTpir<i>,

7 send

off,

discharge;

fut. -ntfjif/u.

airo-irXtw, 7 sa// away; fut. -jrAtCxro/(. I aor. air fn\(Vfra.

d-Tropo>, 7 am without resources, am
in difficulties
(a-nopot).

VOCABULARY.
f.

-as,

i-iropCa,

distress.

difficulty,

(rpofpfjs diropta,

want offood.)

185

dir-eifu II.

d-Tropos, -or, (i) without resources;

(2) of rivers, etc.,
impassable;
iv diropois tlvai, to be in difficul-

apa,

broken

-ujyos,
(OTTO,

steep,

off,

and p'qyvvfu,

off,

I break).

am

diro-(r]iro(Jiat, 7 rot off,

bitten ; 2 perf. diro-ffttnjna.

frost-

HW, in

fut. atraacu, perf. a-n-iaiiaKa,

pass, -eairaa/mi.

off";

perf.

7 fence off with a

palisade; fut. -aravpuffa}. (aravpos,

aTro-crTavpou),

mia,

fut. -ffTt\w, i aor. a7r-o"Te\a.

diro-aTepeco, 7 ro&, deprive of; (with
ace. and gen. or with double ace.) ;

perf. air-tare prjKa.

-ffTptif/aj, perf.

fut.

back, recall;

dn-fffTpofpa.

7 sflve or restore again,

bring back safe.

diro-awjluj,

airo-reCvco,

-revw,

Arabia, used of

with

dp-yos,

(d, not,

fut.

pass.

and

-of, white, bright.

-17,

dpyvpcos, -a, -ov, made of silver.

dpyupvov, -ov (dim. of dpyvpos), silver,
money.
[Cp. the French argent.~\
-ov,

Tj, -rjs,

f.

m.

silver.

virtue, excellence, bravery.

in. Ariaeus, who commanded under Cyrus, but went over

'Apialos, -on,

to the Persians after Cyrus' death.

m. number (of an army),

a muster.

'Apurrapxos, -ov, m. Aristarchus, the

harmost or governor of
Spartan
'

'

Byzantium (Constantinople).

dpio-Tato,
GTr\<j<a.

stretch out, extend;

aor. dir-tTttva, perf.

all

ipybv, work.)

dpiOfJios, -oO,

diro-Ta<}>pevco, 7 fence off

ditch,
(racppos, a ditch.)

asking a question,
so f

called Irak-al-Arabi.

still

d/iro-crTp'4>w,

f.

then.

countries inhabited by nomad Arabs,

so even of the south of Mesopota-

a palisade,)

diro-CTTX\w, 7 send away, despatch

7 turn

zs iV

opd IOTJ,
'ApapCa, -as,

therefore,

d-p-yos, -ov, idle, lazy,

draw away, draw

onro-tnraco, /

so,

(particle),

(Lat. igitur.)
= Lat.
apa,
as

ties.

dno-ppib|,
rugged.

pres. part, of

air-toy, -Svrot, distant;

dpi0Tpos,

breakfast, lunch

(Lat. prandeo.)
the
-d, -6v,

left.

on the

dpiffrtpa,

left

fut. dpi-

(iv

hand.)

ov, n. the morning or midday meal, breakfast, lunch.

dpi(TTO-irouo>, (Act.) I prepare break-

apiorov,
diro-Te'fiVw,

cw/

fut. -Tf/ia), perf.

q^V

or. pass. dn-eT/j.T]Or)v,

-TeT/i?;a, I
2 aor. dir-fTa/j.ov.

diro-Tpirco, 7

/z^r

6aci,

fut. -Trotr/aca.

apio-Tos, best, used as superlative of

perf. -Tirpo(pa, perf. pass, -re

dya06s.

fiai,

airo-TpXu
fut.

(Mid.) 7 breakfast,

fast or lunch,

lunch

^ fun

off,

-opapoviMiif

run away;

aor.

diro-(j)avo). I show, display;

I aor.
aTT-e'^Tji'o.

fut. -tpavw,

(Mid.), 7 declare

'Apio-Tiivujios, -ov, m. Aristonymus,

a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265).

"ApKas, -d5os, an Arcadian.

dpKb>, 7 am sufficient, avail;
dpKTOS,

cLtro-fyevyia, I escape
2 aor. dn-t<pvyov.
dir6-<J>T^vai, I aor.

tw,
rttreat.

fut.

-<pevonai,

m. and

-ov,

constellation

'

a bear, the
Ursa Major," or the
f.

Great Bear, hence the north.

imp. middle of diro-

upjia, -arcs, n, a chariot.

dp|x-il^a^a,

depart

fut.

dprctffoi.

from,

retire,

-rjs, f.

a covered carriage,

waggonette.
'Ap(j.tviu,

-as,

f.

Armenia, the cold

VOCABULARF.

i86
mountainous

the

near

country

sources of the Euphrates.

'App.T)VT|,

-775,

f.

Harmene, harbour of

Sinope (VI. 371).

apjioo-njs, -oO, m. an officer sent by
the Spartans to govern their depen'

dencies, a governor, harmost.' (dppofa, I put in order.)

-rjs, f.

apTfa-yf],

'Apirucros, -ov, m. the river Harpasus,

perhaps a branch of the Armenian
Or
Araxes, now the Arpa-Chai.
the Tchoruk-Su, flowing north-

westward into the Euxine near the

modern town of Batouni.

(See
note to V. 277).
'ApraYtpo-qs, -ov, m. Artagerses, a
general of the Persian cavalry whom
killed (II. 73).

'ApTa^t'p^Tjs, -ov, m. Artaxerxes II,

Mnemon, the son of Darius II,

king of Persia 405-360,

B.C.
(Artaxerxes I, Longimanus,
preceded Darius II.)
"ApTairaTijs, -ov, m. Artapa/es, one of

Nothus

Cyrus' attendants
-c5os,

"ApTtjus,
Artemis,

f.

278).
(i) the

Greek

sister

of

Diana,
arrows : (2)
Artemis, an Asiatic

Apollo, armed with

the

Ephesian
Venus.

ov,

-a,

m. Arystas, an Arca-ov,

old,

ancient;

apxaios, the elder; TO a.p\<uov,

formerly,
(dpx*)> beginning,)
dp XT, -?s, f- (l) beginning; (2) rule,
dominion, government, province.

dpx<, (Act.) I command, (Mid.) 7

begin ; ol dpxovrft, the rulers;
apfa, perf. %>xd-o-pijs, -it, ungodly, impious,
not,

and

d-crOtvt'u),

(a, not,

fft&o/ja.i,

and

fut.

(a,

I worship.)

am sick, am ill.
aOtvita, I am strong.)

7 am weak,

-ov, pleased,

-77,

glad, joyful.
bid

I welcome, embrace,

do*trdo|j.ai,

fut.

farewell;

doTrdao/MU.

f. a
large shield, covering
the whole body.
(Lat. clypeus.)

do-rrCs, -j'Sos,

d-cr4>a\ict, -as, safely (d-ovpaXjjs).

'

not liable to
a-o-4>a\T|S, -is, safe, lit.
trip.'
(d, not, and o~<f>d\\oa, I trip
up.)
d-cr<f>aAws, safely, (adv. of aff<pa\rii.)
O-TOKTOS , -ov, undisciplined, in disorder,

and rarroi, I arrange.)

want of discipline,

(d, not,

d-ro|ia,

f.

-as,

disorder.

drdp,

but,

however, (conj.) introducing

what has been said

a correction of

d.T(j.i5a),

(Lat. at.)

7 steam or smoke,

(ar^ot,

steam.)

'not
lit.
and Tpi0cu, I rub.)
ov, (adv.) again; on the contrary;
a-rpv{3T|S,

untrodden,

-ft,

rubbed.*

(d, not,

ovidts, (adv.)

dian (VIII. 207).

dpx<uos,

dcrjievos,

moreover.

now, lately.
dpros, ov, m. bread, a loaf.
dp-TV, (adv.) just

"Apvoras,

-ov, without food,

(d, not,
and airos,food.)
do-Kos, -ov, m. a leather-bag, a bottle.

before.

(I.
:

Roman

-a, ov, Asinean, or belonging to Asine, a town in Laconia near Taenarus.

'Aowaios,

d-criTOS,

plunder, booty.

dpirdfu), I seize, plunder, carry off;

fut. ap-naau, perf. pass. TJpnaffnat.

Cyrus

rather the
-as, f. Asia, or
western part of Asia then known,
divided bv the river Halvs.
'AoT.8cmr]s, -ov, m. Asidales, a Persian
noble (VIII. 510).
'Ao-id,

again.

7 play on the flute. (av\o,

a flute.)
a\j\io|Aai, 7 am in the courtyard or
the open air, I bivouac.
(avAT), a
ou\c(i>,

fut.

courtyard);
fiv\iff(uu,

aOXds,

-ov,

avAiao/iai,

pert

aor. pass. rju\'iaOrjv.

m.

(nrjfu, I blow.)
audvci>, 7 increase;

perf. ijvfaica.
itive sense.)

flute,
fat.

flageolet.

av

170*0/401,

(Lat. augeo, in trans-

avpiov, (adv.) to-morrow.

auruco, (adv.) immediately; avrina
/toAa, instantly.

VOCABULARY.
avr60v,

(adv.)

from

the spot.

auToOi, (adv.) on the spot.

auTO-jiaros, -77, -ov, acting of oneself,
of one's own account, spontaneous ;
in TOV avro-fidrov, naturally.

m. a deserter.
auTo-p-oXo?, -ov,
(O.VTOS, of oneself and no\tiv, 2 aor.
Of 0\<i>aKQ}, I gO.)
O.UTOS, -17, -6,
self;
(reflex, pron.)
6 avros (atros), the same, neut. TO

B.

Ba.pv\(iv, -wi/os, f. Babylon, on the

Euphrates, the capital of the Persian

Empire.

-a, f. Babylonia, the

country between the Tigris and
Euphrates in their lower course.
BapuXiovtos, -a, -ov, Babylonian.
Baj3vXcovia,
flat

Pd8r)v, (adv.) slou'ly.

(3aSico, 7 walk

avrb, contr. raurov.

atrrov, (adv.) there.
auxV> ~* vos> - neck, also a neck of
land, isthmus.

i8 7

lake away,

I go.)
(opposed to

(Qaivca,

slowly

rpe'xw, 7 run).

Pa6vs, -da, -v, deep.

Paivco, 7 go, depart;

fut.

perf. 0e@rjKa, 2 aor. I/SJJK.

fut. -aiprjau, perf. -rjprjKa,

2 aor. d<-(Aoi'.

paKTrjpCa, -as, f. a staff".

pdXXco, 7 throw, hit (with

$JJ<TO/U,

a4>-cupsa>. (Act.)

(Mid

1 rescue ;

d-4>avifco. / en?/se to disappear, put

out of the way. (d, not, and <paivoj,

1 show.)
a.4>-\ccr0ai, d<|>-eX6|j.vos, 2 aor. mid.

plied

and part, of a<p-aipiia.

d(J>-T|cru>, fut. act. of a<p-ir)fju.

Greek).

d-4>9ovia,

-as,

f.

(a-(pOovos.)

a-4>0ovos, -ov, ungrudging, plentiful.

(a, not, and <f>86vos, grudge.)
7 senrf away, dismiss, let go.
d4>- (TJ fit,
fut.
(O.TTO, away, and HJ/M, / send) ;

d(p-^aa>,

ffAfa, perf.

d(j>-iKVOfi.ai,
fut.

aor. dxf>-rJKa,

perf.

d^>-

pass. d<p-(?fMi.

7 come

to, arrive, reach

a<-<'o;MZ, perf. pass, d^-f-y^aj,

2 aor. axp-iKOfjajv.
d<j>-icrTqfii, (Act.) 7 />w< away,
aside; fut. aTro-OTTjuoi, I aor.

o/,

and

</>p/i',

set

all

-ov,

-oJ',

barbarian,

strange,

foreigner (not Greek).

Paptcos, (adv.) heavily; fiaptcustyiptiv
TI, to be annoyed at, to take a thing
ill.

dKoixiv, to be annoyed at

/3.

hearing.
Pds, 2 aor. part, of fiaivoi.
pacriXeia, -as, f. a queen.
f.
-as,
pacriXcia,
kingly

power,
kingdom, sovereignty.
-ov, of or belonging to a
,

a palace, gen. in
vs, -ecus, m. a king.

(5o>/xa),

OTT-

am

va),

(3acrtXaov
plural,

king, I reign

fut.

fiao-i\(vff<u.
(fta-ivo), I go.)
pepXT)p.ai, perf. pass, of /SdAAcy.
pf'Xos, -ovs, n. a missile, dart, arrow.

pdcri|Aos, -ov, passable,

(d,

sense.)

'Axavos, -d, -w, Achaean, a na'ive of

the north coast of Peloponnesus.
uxOojiai, 7 am displeased, am vexed ;
fut. dx0effo/.iat, perf. ijxOrjuat, I aor.

pass. f)x.6t<jOijv.

e0a\ov.
barbarian (apwho did not speak

-17,

king, royal (@aai\tvs)

tffrrjaa, Mid. and intrans. tenses of

Act. 7 s/a/rf q^", revolt, 2 aor. dwfffrrjv, perf. a<f>-(<TTi)Ka.
d-4>po)v, -o^, without sense, silly,

to

Pappapos,

abundance, plenty.

I3f^\rjfj.at, 2 aor.

pap{3apiKos,

infin.

stones)

fut. /JaAcD, perf. )3e)3Xj;*a, perf. pass.

(/3dA\w, 7 throw.)
best, used

PXTWTTOS,
Pf||xa,

as

superl.

of

comp. PXTIU>V, better.

-arcs, n. a step, pace ( = 30

dyaOus

inches).
PTJVO.I, 2 aor. infin. act.

PIO.,

-as,

force.

f.

force,

from paivca.

violence;

/3ia,

by

VOCABULARY.

i88

{3ido|xai, I force, compel; fut. /Stdao(Mi ; perf. /3j3/aa><ai.

and -a, -ov, forcible,

-ov,
violent.
(j3/a,/orce.)
Bv9woi, -Siv, in. /Ae Bithynians, Thrapiaios,

cian colonists in Asia Minor, East of

the Bosporus (VIII. 162).

m.

PIOS, -ov,

PiOTtuu. /

-r/s,

Thrace

on

the

in

after-

Propontis,

coast of the Sea of Marmora.

pXaKcucu, 7 am slack, am lazy.
pXdirTW, 7 hurt, injure; fut. /SAa^cu,
pass. /3'/3Aa^/u, I aor. pass.
v, 2 aor. pass, t/SAdySi/f.

fut.

behold;

look,

see,

P<op.6s, -ov,
altar.

/3o?;cra.

P<>T]0t(<>,

a shout, battle cry.

7 rw to Me rescue, assist;
f.

-a, -of,

=
yap, /or 76 apa, never at the beginning of a sentence, like Lat.
enim ; KCU yap, for also, for even.
ravXiTrjs, -ov, m. Gaulites, an exile
from the island of Samos (I. 300).
y, at least, indeed, in truth.
ytyivT]\>.a.i, perf.

in.

7 laugh

YeXdio,

fut.

hunger;
a

()ov\fvaa).

(/3o/A^,

from ravenous

/3ow-Ai^id(ra>.

(0oCs,

o*, Ai/xus, hunger.)

povXofxai, 7

//sA, desire

fut. /3oi/Aij-

oo^tai, perf. /3(/3ovAij/M((.

slow.

laughter.

(yt\a<u,

y*Xa>ro-iroi6s, -of , producing laughter,

a buffoon. (yt\cas, laughter, and

rroieoj, 7 make.)

yvos,

n.

-ovj,

6/r/A,

race,

descent,

yvw,

m. an old man.
7 give to taste; (Mid.)

(Act.)

7 taste;

fut.
f.

yifyvpa., -at,

YW&T|S,

'*!

earth,

and
f.

YT, 7^s,

ytvaopcu.
n bridge.

earth-like, earthy,
tlbos,

//ie

earth, land, country.

YtYvo lJlal > ^ come n/o being,

become; fut. yfvrjffOfMt,
yiyova.
self

(yij,

form.)

am

born,

perf. -yt2 aor. iy(vo^r]v, 2 perf.

to
yfVfaOat,
prove one-

by act (to be distinguished from

**fa, to be).
-<ra,

-{/,

short.

Comp.

\vrtpot, super). ftpaxvraTos.

pptX^, 7 we/; perf. pass,
I

-euros,

laugh.)

ytvTjpai,

POVS, /Sods, m. and f. an ox, cow.

ppu6tojs, slowly, adv. from (ifxiovs,

Ppax^s,

with oxhide).

suffer

fut.

ytAdo'o/iaj,

ytptuv, -ofros,

cows/.)
Pov-Xi^iiato,

fut.

aor. t"yAa(ra.

<#/eA, trench.

povXevw, (Act.) 7 devise a plan,

(Mid.) 7 ta&e counsel, deliberate,
resolve;

from yiyvofuu.
f. a
neighbour.

YEITWV, -ofos, m. and

Boeotian, or inhabi-

tant of Boeotia.

pdOpos. -ov,

a calm.

(yiyvoftat, I am born.)
offspring,
yppov, of, n. a wicker shield (covered

fut. f3oT)6riau.

Boiumos,

f.

YctXTJvTj, -T]S,

YfXus,
P\i]6iT|v, I aor. pass. opt. of /SdAAcu.
Podu>, 7 shout; fut. fioriaofiai, I aor.
POT), -i},

from patvaj.
m. a raised place, an

P<S, 2 aor. subj.

town

wards called Rhaedestus, whence its

modern name Rodosto. It is one
of the best harbours on the northern

o,

Byzantium on the

r.

a living.
o

Bisanthe, a

f.

Bio-av&T),

perf.

n.

-ot;,

Bosporus (the modern Constantinople), so called after its founder, Byzas

of Megara.

life.

pet
live,*o

BvavTiov,

aor. pass. it3pf\0i)i>.

Ppovrfj, -^*,

f.

thunder.

PpiDTOS, -17, -of, eatable; TO

/ooci (verb adj. of j8pwcr*w,

/3/>a-

YIYVWCTKW, 7 get a knowledge

of, learn,

fut. yvuffoftat, perf. tyvcuKa,

3 aor. eyi'cov.

judge ;

FXoOs,

-oD,

Tamos

m. G/K5, the

son

of

he accompanied Cyrus, and

then joined Artaxerxes (II. 117).
:

us, 2 aor. part, of yiyt>MOK<v.

VOCAEULARY.
yvAu,t|,

-rjs,

{.judgment, sense, opinion,

intention.
yvobcrofiai, future of yiyvojOKta.
-ov, m. Gongylus, a Euboean from Eretria, who had been
presented with Pergamus by Xerxes

FoYY^Xos,

189

St'SfjAQi, pert. pass, of Sfa, I bind.

SeSiws, 2 perf. part, of SeiSca.
Se'SoYfiai, perf. pass, of SoKfca.
ScSoiica, perf. act. of SdSca.
8e'Sop.ai., perf. pass, of SiSufit.
SSpd|XT|Ka, perf. act. with pres.

(VIII. 509).

yoveus,

a father.

-teas,

In

plural

ot

I write;

Ypa<j>o>,

fut.

ypwf/<a,

perf.

ytypatya, perf. pass. itypaftficu.

Yvfivaoj, / train, exercise, practise;

fut. yv^vaata.
Yup.vT|s, -T?TOS,
soldier.

m. a light-armed foot-

Gymnias, the chief city of

the Scythini, probably between the
mountains west of the Taochi (V.
-rj,

-'?.

-ov,

gymnastic.
naked, lightly dad.

-ov,

a woman, wife
YWTJ, ywaiieus,
voc. yvvat, dat. pi. ~fwcul.
f.

7 weep

SapeiKos,

fut.

SaKpvaai. (oaicpv,

m. a Doric,

i.e.

I fear he will, SiSoiica

I fear he won't.
SiKW|xi, 7 show, explain; fut. 5fioa
t

perf. pass. StSd-yfuu.

SeCXij, -jys, f. the hottest part

fearful,

8ivos,

-^,

ixfiv, to be in straits.

Sicu.

Seiirveu,

aor. infin. act.

Louis

'

d'or,'

sove-

StKa, ten (indecl.).

hairy, rough,

bushy.
but (answering to ply)

necting

ScvSpov, -ov, n. a
-a, -ov,

two

clauses),

tinuing a narrative).

17

and (connow (con-

fut.

supper (the

(Lat. decent.)
Delphi in Phocis,
oracle (IV. 16).

tree.

on the right hand (Lat.

SfficL (x/>), the right

Sffiav Sovvai or \aii(ti>, to

give or take pledges.
Aliinros, -ov, m. Dexippus, a Spartan,

who

got the Greeks into trouble

with Cleander (VII. 244).
8toi, opt. of dti.
ftai

7 need, want, ask;

fut.

8e^ro-

(with gen.).

Scpp.a, -oros, n.
;

hand.

Sco|iai,
thick,

StivSis

(8os, fear.)
from SftKvvfu.

8etirvov, -ov, n. dinner,

chief meal of the day).

dexter).

reign.'

Aapclcs, -ON, 6, Darius II, Nothus,

king of Persia 423-405, B.C.
(Darius I,
Hystaspes,
preceded
Xerxes, and sent the expedition to
Marathon. Darius III, Codomannus,
was defeated by Alexander the
-rf,

terrible,

lake dinner or supper

Sei6s,

'

cowardly.

Stivos \tytiv, clever at

'

Napoleon,'

of the day,

~6, inspiring fear,

AfX(j>oi, -<uv, m.
celebrated for its

8,

aor.

StSotKo, HT),

gold coin first coined by

Coins
Darius, in value about i6s.
are often called after rulers, as

Persian

Great.)
Baoijs, -tia,

oflffoftai,

speaking, a clever speaker.

SeiviLs, adv. of Sttvus, terribly.

(ScuTari), expense.)

-ov,

fut.

5e'8oia, 2 perf. Se5ta.

tSfiffa, perf.

dreadful.

a tear.)
SaKTvXos, -ov, m. a finger.. SaKrv\ot
TOV TroSos, a toe.
8arravua>, / spend, waste ; fut. Satraff)(j(i).

SciSu, I fear;

(0(0$, fear.)

A.
8aKpvcL>,

(impers.) it is necessary, (with

gen.) there is need of; fut. 8yfffi.
(TO Sfov, necessity.)

the afternoon.
SeiXos, -^, -6y,

278).
YvjxviKos,

subjunctive of Sd.

H^l ov,

rtijivias,

Yvp.vos,

8T[j,

8*1,

yovtis, parents.

skin, hide.

(Sipta

Iflay.)

Scopes, -ov,

bind.)

m. a bond,

fetttr.

(Sta

VOCABULARY

190

caa-|3ipau, 7 carry over, carry across ;

(adv.) hither.
-a, *ov, second.

8Gpo,

(Svo, two.)

Seurepos,

8t'xo[Aai, 7 receive, accept

fut.

5*'

o-

7 bind, fallen

3tSa,

fut.

perf.
aor.

Srjaca,
I

St'Se/wzi,

pass.

perf.

pass. tStOijv.

Stu, 7 wet/, WON/, request ; fut. Scfjffu.

(Cp. 5f and Seo/xai.)
ri ST), ti'Tiy /fow T
8f|, /r///y, assuredly
Often emphasises a word, as i/rat/fla
;

a/

8t|,

//us

moment,

/wm

(Lat.

ST)\OS, -;, -ov, c/^nr, certain, evident.

8T]\6a>, 7 maJ-e clear, show, point out,
fut.

AcuKa.
'

SijAeuTw,

(SijAos, clear.)
f l ec"i the

t0 '

8T](jLaY<<>Y

perf.

-ov,

I aor.

5-7777f<Aa.

(my

sf>end

to

Srj/jioaia,

life)

property.

of course, doubtless.
I. with
Bid, prep, with gen. and ace.
ii.
of
gea. i. of place, through
;

m.

-o,

8td-8oxos,

and

and StxofMi,

'

'

'

dis-) as Sta-TiOrjfii,

place separ-

ately,' i.e. '</'spose' (Lat.

across, as in Oia-fiaivo).

dis-pono);

cross

walk

fut.

exhort,

lit. 7 Mrow or carry over;

(metaphorically) 7 tear in pieces a

8ia-0aAAu,

man's character,
-to$,

encourage,

-K(\evffO(Mt.
in pieces

imperf.

-'*AaiJ', I aor. -t/cAa<ro.

Sia-KoirTw, 7 cut through ; fut. -n6ifta.

Sia-Koaioi, -0,1, -a, two hundred.

I divide by lot;
>
-\T]o(tat, 2 aor. St-t'Aoxoi'.
/

(Mid.)

converse (with dat.);

discourse,

fut.

out,

fut.

-\(fOfUU.

and
(adv.)
through
through, right through.
(Sid, avd,

8i-a|x-ircpcs,

and

I pierce.)

itdpo),

8va-voco|xai, 7 think over, intend, pur-

pose

fut. -i/oi7<7o/xa, perf. -vtv6i]/jiai,

aor. pass. Si tvoijOrjv.

vovs, the mind.)

Bid-voia, -a*,

f.

(Sid,

and

thought, purpose, in-

tention.

2 aor. 8t-t@T)v.

8iu-pao-is,

am

dispose).

7
cheer on

(8<d,

of Sia-

disposed (=pass.

friendly

;
Sia-f3aiv<>>,
go through,
about ; fut. -j8i7<ro/Mu, perf. -/Je'/Sq/fa,

taking

<f>i\mS>s 5jatfff<r0aj, to be

disposed.

Bia-Xryw (Act.), 7 pick

[Obs. Sid ffov, by your means,' SicL

<jj, for your sn&e.'] In Composition,
through, thoroughly, separately (Lat.

f.

receive.)
in a certain state,

ment, by means of. II. with accus.

because of, on account of, as StcL ri,

'on account of what?'

hand,

am

8ia-XaYX>vu

lit.

to

another's place, a successor.

time, through, during, as Sia VVKTOS,

during night; iii. of the instru-

itihyt

perf.

fut. -Swcrw.

Sia-xXdu, / break

8-qTrov, (adv.)

Si-au,

Sia-SiSufu, 7 7ve from hand

the

public

fut.

pass. -777/wu.

belonging

rd

people, public,

(Hfj^os,

a message, inform;
perf.
5t-^yy(\Ka,

8i-aYKvXdw, 7 hold the javelin by the

thong ready to shoot. (Sid, and
aficvty, the thong of a javelin.)
7 carry across (2)7 pass,
Si.-a.yta, (i)

Sid-Kcip-ai,

am

people,

popular with (with accus.).

the people, and 0701, 7 lead.)
S-rjiiocnos,

SeSjj-

&e >l d

>

5-a77Aw,

distribute

(fernr/m.)

declare

fut. -ftifSaffca.

8i-aYY^w I
fut.

/iai, perf. 5e8tyfj.cu.

8ta>,

i.

f.

e.

going

sail over, sail across ; fut.

-ir(ir\tvperf. pass.

-ir\tvao(Mi,

9fat,

slander.

8ia-irXo, 7

over,

paf$age,ford (of a river).

that must be crossed.
oia-f)a.Ttoi> tarl, we must cross.
can be crossed,
8ia-paT(5s, -if, -6v, that
Sia-|3aT<os,

passable (verbal adj. of 8ia-/3cuVa;).

carry ct/*r,
Bio-iropeviw,* (Act.) 7
(Mid.) I pass across, march through.
8ia-irpd.TT&>,

(Mid.) 7
tiate;

fut.

(Act.)
stipulate,

accomplish,

manage, nego-

-irpaa>, perf. pass,

-irt-

VOCABULARY.
7

Si-apiraju,

-Tjpiraa/Mi.
8ia-ppiTTT<o, 7

in

tear

fut.

plunder;

pieces,

spoil,

perf.

-apirdffoj,

pass.

throw about, scatter.

f. a
scattering about,
7 point out, indicate;

Sid-ppu|;is, -ecus,

8ia-<TT]|iaCv(i>,
fut. -ar)/j.avj, 1 nor. Si-tff^fj.rjva.

parate

7 place in se7 encamp

(trans.)

Sia-(TK7]vc(i),

tents,

(intrans.)

separately.

7 tear asunder, scatter;

8ia-o-rrd&),

fut. -ffnaffOftai.
;

a sling, (Pass.) 7 fly in pieces, as if

burled from a sling.
(a<ptvo6vr), a
sling.)

8id-ax

Sid-crx*

AJ'?".

8i-K\wv, imperf. indie, of 5ia-K\a(u.

8i-\aijvw, 7 drive through, charge
through ; fut. -f\daea or -cAfl.
8i-tpxop.ai, 7 g~o or /ass through ;
2 aor. 8i-^X5o'.

8i-4>0app.ai, perf. pass, of Sia-tpOtipca.

8i-xw> 7 divide ; (intrans.) 7 aw

am

distant

fut.

S*-c<w or

5<a-<Txi77a>, 2 aor. 8<-<rxov.

8i.-T|Yco|jiai,

narrate

7 go through a

story,

fut. -rjyrjffofMi.

of

part,

perf.

f>\.-t\yKv\u>\i.ivos,

5t-

7 divide, (Mid. and

intransitive tenses of Act.) 7 stand

8i-ianjjju., (Act.)

2 aor -

>

2 aor

OfSoiKa, perf. pass. SfSo/^at, I aor.

tScaKO, (2 aor. in
plural, tSopfv,
fSore, tSoaav), 2 aor. mid. <5o-

separated,

scatter about, disperse

fut. -ffirfpta, 2 aor. pass, di-tairaprjv.
8ia-cr<j>v8ovao), (Act.) 7 scatter as by

8ia-oriTipa>,

191

s "bj.

from Si-ex "from oi-t\ca.

1

P*'

7 preserve to the end. (Sid,

throughout, and <Twa>, I preserve.)
8ia-ri0T]jxi, (Act.) 7 place separately,
arrange in order; (Mid.) I dispose

fut.

apart;

Sia-arrjaoi,

aor.

5t-

Sia-o-ti>co,

of;

fut. -Orjffca.

tempus terere) ;
[XP^vov],
(Lat.
delay; fut. -rptycu, 2 aor. pass. 8<e8ia-4>avu>s, (adv.) manifestly, plainly.

and

(5jd, through,

I show.)

<paivca,

Sia-<j>pu, (i) 7 carry over; (2) intrans.

7 dj^er from, excel ; (impers.)
there

Sta<f>(p(t,

(Mid.)

TJI/OS)

fut.

is

quarrel

a difference;
about
(afupi

Si-oiaai, 2 aor. Si-^t-y-

-ov,

fair.

just,

SIKO.ICOS, (adv.) justly, fairly, rightly.

justice, right, also penalty.

\a.ptiv, or tTrtOeiVai. /o inflict

-Jjs, f.

O'IKTJV

punishment, (Lat. poenas sumere

or

Sovvai,

OIHIJV

;)

s^*f

'

"'>

punishment (Lat. poenas dare).

Sivew, 7 u/A/r/ round, (oivrj, a whirl.)
break
8i-op\>TT, 7 rfjg
through,
1

through ; fut. -opuw, perf. pass.

-opupvyiMt, plupf. -ojpcupv'Yurjv.
Sis, (adv.) /f/c.
(Lat. bis.)
8is-xtXioi, -ai, -a, /M/O thousand.
8i<t>6tpa,

-as,

f.

a prepared

hide,

leather bag, wallet.

KOK.

through, escape safe

-<p(vonat.

8ia-4>x>Y<i>, 7_/?ee

away

-a,

justice.)

SIKTJ,

7 w/ear away, spend, waste

8ia-rpip<i),

G.'KULOS,

fut.

Sia-<t>0ipci>,

-<t>0fpu>, perf.

destroy,

SiSd^u,
SiSdo-KoXos,

fut.

kill;

seal.

pass. 5t-(<p6apiMu.

fut. act.

of Si5daK<a.

-ov,

m. a

teacher, mas~

ter.

SiSda-Kca,

m. properly the footboard

of a war-chariot, hence a chariot,
seat of a chariot, and generally a

8i<j>pos, -ov,

(adv.) in two parts, apart

7 pursue

),

teach, inform,

5t5acu, perf. SeStSa^a,

show
I

fut.

aor. pass.

8tS6vai. pres. infin. from StSufU.

5iSwp,i, 7 give, offer ; fut. ouuu, perf.

TIOKIV

a, to divide.
;

fut. 5i

ww.

-OTOS, n. a resolution, decree.

8oiT)v, 2 aor. opt. act. of StScu/u.
SOKCU, 7 /Ai'nA ; (intrans.) 7 seem,
,

(impers.)

me;

TO.

8or ^xoi,

V seems

StSuyufva,

good

to

resolutions;

rOCABULAKr.

192

(Safe ravra, these things were dei aor.

cided ; fut.
8oa, perf.

Svcr-irap-iTOs, -ov, Aarrf /o ^ass.

5o,

AarJ, and

-nap-fifii,

f pass.)

Aard

/o />ass.

Bucr-iropos, -ov,
in. craft, trick, deceit.

86X09, -ov,

(Lit.

dolus.)
2

SOU.EVOS,

mid.

aor.

participle

of

-77$,

f.

(i) opinion

(2)

renown,

I
7 caM5
(Mid. and

j>, future of
flory

SoKtca.

BopKas, -a5o5, f. a gazelle, so called

from its bright eyes, from StpKOfuu,
7s<*.

8b>pEop.ai,

a spear, lance.
Scpv-<{>6pos, -ov, m. a spear-man ;
plur. body-gttards.
(Sopv, a spear,
and <f>tpa>, I bear.)

intrans.

aoftcu.

7 present
a

(Suipov,

SiJaw;

s/ni,

with', fut.
gift.)

Su>pov, -OK, n. a ^y*/, present.

I give.)
Sucru, future of

5'iootfu.

86s. 2 aor. imperative of oiSuf.u.

56<r9ai, 2 aor. intln. mid. of SiSaifu.

m. a

fut.

tenses)

se/; 2 aor. tow.

Su), 2 aor. subj. act. of 67S<u/u.
SuSfKa, twelve.

n.

Sopv, -arot,

use.)
/o enter;

8txo,

(fioKtoj).
:

(Si's-,

and vopat, a passing.)

8ur-xpT|<rros, -OK, Aard /o ws, MS<*
/ess, unserviceable.
(5vt-, hard, and
Aarf/,

Xpaoftat,

86|a,

(Si-

E.

slave.

SoCXos,

-ov,

8ov<u,

2 aor. infin. act. of

f,

Sous, 2 aor. partia'ple of

~ov, m. Dracontitis, a
Spartan, president of the games at

him,

ApaKovnos,

dv, (J, &v) iy

Trapezus (V. 328).

Spau.civ, Spauxdv,

gen. ov, dat. of, (Lat. se, svi, sib!)

himself, but used as personal pronoun,

etf,

(always takes

subj.).

2 aor. inf.

and

dv,

part.

pres. inf.

of

<J<.

with pres. rpt\<a.

Spa|xovp.ai, fut. with pres. rpi\o).
8piravov, -ov, n. a scythe. (Spfiru,

avr6v, -^f, -<5, himself, herself, itself.

caw, 7 /^/, permit, leave alone; fut.

I pluck.)
ApiXai, -Sir, m. the Drilae, a people

t-^aXov. 2 aor. of &<i\\u.

in

Pontus, near Trapezus.

m. a

5p6(jLos, -ov,
pace, as in

race,

opupw

(t-8pau.-oK
XOi, I run.)

running quick
run fast.
;

Ottv, to

a aor. with

pres.

rp(-

(a pers. tovvto,) also -ifivvup.r)v.

Su'vafiis, -(cat, f. (i) power, means; (a)
a force, i.e. troops. (Lat. copiae.)
Suvcrros,

am

-17,

-OK, powerful.

(SvKa/xcu,

n6/#.)

8wr)crop.at, fut. of Svvafiai.

Svvco, 7 s/t, set (of the tun); fut.
Svaofiat, 2 aor. coW.
Silo, SVOIK, two.

SwfiT), -ij,
(Si/Kw,

f.

sc/.)

(Lat.

<fi/o.)

sinking,

sttting.

2 aor.

seventy.

of paivca.

aor. pass, of /3<iXXo>.

P\T|6r)v,
t-/3ovXip.Cacra, I aor. act. of /3ot/Xit

//taoi.
t'-fjocov,

8uvap.ai, 7 have power, am able, can

fut. SKI jjcrofiai, imperf. iow&pirjv,

iaffca, I aor. fiacra.

impf. ind. of /Soaoj.

YYWS, (adv.)

<ir,

nearly

compar.

iyyvTpov and iyfvTtpa)

super).

lyyirroro and

J-YXwv, impf.

ind. of

-Yvop.Tjv, a aor.
c'y KaXcoi, 7 ca//

n ; (with dat.) 6n'n

a charge against; fut. -xaXtcrcu.
(tK, and KaXfca, I call.)

7 //<
*Y-Kct.ftav.
fut. -KtiffOfUU.

i, am placed

Y-K<4> a ^ o S, -OK, within the head,

ftvf\6$, the pith of the palm.
a aor. of
,

in;
tc.

VOCABULARY.
Whenever

cyco, pers. pron. 7.

ti-\i\^a, perf. act. of \afif}av<o.

I\KOV, impf. act. of X*cu.
7 chose ; 2 aor. mid. with
ct\6(XT|v,

inserted,

emphatic, 7 myself (as opposed

to some one else)
epov, tfiol, (fit

it

is

are also emphatic

ftov, fj.oi, p.t, are
the usual or non-emphatic forms.

pres. alpfca.

e-yajy*,

I for

cIXov, 2 aor. act. with pres. alptai.

7 am ; fut. taofiai, impf. r\v ; tari
ti\ii,

my part.

-8airdvuv, impf. act. of Sairavaea.

I want.
c-8T|0T]v, i aor. pass, of oto^at,
-8ei, impf. of 8i.
t-Seijja, I aor. of ot'tKvvni.
aor. of

t-Srjcra,

5e'o>,

bind.

(tSaiKa

Si'5cu/x

used in the sing.).

with pres. rptx<u.
f-Spajjiov, i aor.
(-Svvto, 2 sing. impf. of 8iW/*ai.
t-ScoKa, I aor. of SiScufu.
is

7 wish,

\riffca,

m. a

am

for the next day ;

into, to.

(conj.) z/(with ind. and opt., never

with the subj.) : after verbs of

els,

els aycj,

of opdcu).

<is-cip.i,

clSws, participle of olSa.

guess

7 go

eis-oSos,

fut. fiKacro}.

/o,

reasonable
CIKOS, ('IKOTOS,
likely,
(neuter of the participle of eoiKa,
n.

shortened from tombs)

as is probable.

us

-ov,

and

eLs-iTT|8du),

tls-irCirTw,

finds,

attack;
-fireow.

ciKoai, twenty.
*
see touca.

fut.

into.

a javelin.)

f.

<58(5,

fut.

-SvaofMi,

into, enter.

ls-pxop.cu, 7 cowze
tktvaonai, 2 aor.

//fc, conjecture,

fuds, tvos,

introduce;

ls-8vo|jiai, 7 enter into

2 aor. tts-tSw.

iSb>, subj.

an

f'/o, enter;

entrance.

(tl,

way.)

leap into;

7 /a//
fut.

fut.

-jjAfloi'.

fut. -tnjSiJo'iw.

t'n/o;

/a//

-Mffovpai,

7 was standing ;

w/>o/i,

aor.

pluperf. of
but intrans. and used as the
imperf. of (arrjKa, I stand.

tcrTTiKiv,

tiKco,

IffTtjfiu,

of

/earf tn/o,

(O.KOVTIOV,

an appearance, form

ci-\T]|X|xat, perf. pass,

ti'us,

gen.

-a^w, 2 aor. -1770701'.

ts-aKovTitd, 7 throw javelins

el8i7]v, opt. of olSa.

eiBtvai, infinitive of olSa.
t8ov, 2 aor. with pres. opao).

7 maie

tv

jxia,

one.

deliberating (as Pov\tv(ff9ai), whether; tl fir), unless.

iK(i Jco,

with numerals,

as tls titaTOV,

tOvos, -ows, n. a nation, tribe.

(lotTv used as 2 aor.

of olSa.

III.

up to a hundred, i. e.
as much as a hundred; IV. of purpose, for, with regard to, as (Is -r6ot,
for this purpose. In Composition,

fut. 16 t-

aor. TjfleA^ffa.

cISos, -ov, n.

peace.

fls, prep, with accus. only, I. of place,

into, /o ; II. of time, as <f* tairtpav,
towards evening ; tls rtjv vartpaiav,

t-OeiojMjv, impf. ind. of dta.ofj.ai.

-0eupow, impf. ind. of Otoiptca.

cl,

f.

ciptjvt), -jjs,

volunteer.

willing;

pf- pass, ttprinai, I aor. pass.

<l>ijlJ.i

2 aor. of aa>.
?-Jt]v,
l-9avov, 2 aor. of Ov^crKOj.

cG<Xo>,

ciro/jcu.

with pres. ^VA1 ''

ei'pYacr|j.ai. perf. pass, of ipyafrnai.
tlpyov, imperf. ind. of eipyu.
cipyca, 7 $/// out, exclude ; fut. i/><w.
tiptjKa, / Aat/e sazW, perf. with pres.
lirov, 2 aor.

aor. of SoKtca.

tOeXov-rris, -ov,

impf. of

eiir6(Wfiv,

for toiScav, impf. of SiSw/u.

iSo|xai, fut. with pres. taOica.
2 aor. mid. of diScufii.
-8<5|rr)V,

-Sotrav, 3 pi. 2 aor. of

impossible.

adj. IT toy, one must go.

Iira, I aor. with pres. 0i?A".

-8iSow,

-8oa,

it is

ibo) ; imperf.
imperat. Wi, infin. Itvat, verb.

rjttv,

aor. of otiSu.

c-Sciora,

I have; OVK tan,

7 shall go (Lat.

fj.oi,

tijju,

\a/j.0t'ivoa.

VOCABULARY.

194
S-TPX U

I fun

>

into

fla-

aor.

7 ^/W

i,
'

^/ve a daughter

M/I,

marriage.
cls-4>fpo>,

7 bring

bring in

into,

aor. -i^f-y/fa,

-oiffa),

fut.

aor. pass.

(K-Suco,

Ki,

tffw, (adv.) within,

(^(clothing)

s/r//>

fut.

<c-

Svffw, I aor. ((-tSvaa.

/Awe,

(adv.)

yonder.

(Lat.

(di, info.)

ira, (adv.) afterwards, next, then.

i-T, whether (followed by a second
(i-rt, or, Lat. sive
TXOV, imperf. of (x u

. .

Kct0v, (adv.) thence.

(Lat.
of Kti^uu.

CKCIVOS,

sive).

c-K((|iT]v, imperf.
-77,

yonder man, that man.

-o,

(Lat. 7k.)

I am wont (perfect with present

meaning, from *t6ca).
ciuv,, imperf. of idea (contracted from
io>9a,

io-, (adv.) thither.

(Lat. t'7/ue.)
c-KCK\ci(iT]v, pluperf. pass, of K\ti<a.
(K-9<o),

7 rw

ow/, sa//y /or/A, imperf.

t'aov).

before a vowel), prep, with gen.

I. of place or
origin, out of,

only,

of time,/ro/, after, since,

as ** rovrov, after this; III. of
or
result
accordance, in consequence
of, according to, as IK TWV mrovS^iv,

from

II.

position, out

In

the truce.

to

according

of,

*-Ka0T|fiT|v, imperf.

Com-

from.

pres.,

sit

odeaOijtuu (plnperf.
is used as a

fut.

-^a>, pf. pass. -/t/MU.

K-K\Tjcria, -as,

f.

assembly, meeting.

(in, and xaXfiu, I call.)

aside; intrans. (of
K-K\IV<O, 7

6d

bend out of
-K\W>.

soldiers)
fut.

in form, but tcaOrjfMi

i^u, I push out, squeeze out.

K-KaXvnT<i), 7 uncover, unpack;

7 carry

<K-KO}u<i>,
I

line,

way

give

out;

out, fetch

aor. ff-tKofUffa.

7 throw a somersault;

down}.

CKCUTTOS, -17, -ov, each. (Lat. qulsque.)

sKacrroTt, (adv.) each time.
eKcvrtpos, -a, -ov, each of two.

(Lat.

(K-Kvpio-rdo),
imperf. ((-(KvftiffTaiv.

K-XYw, 7 />/<: OM/, select; fut.

X^w, perf. pass. i[-ti\ffpcu, i

*aor.

tUeryut.)
v,

(adv.)/rom

K-Xiirw, trans. 7 /eave

fro/A sj't/es, o

intrans. fail.

OK/,

(Hence Eng.

CKO.TOV, a hundred, indeclinable.

i-KX-i\(rt\v,

'EKaruwfios, -ov, m. Hecatonymus,

an envoy from Sinope (VI. 1 23).

ow/, send
tK-ir((XTro>, 7
-^oi, I aor. ff-tnfiafla.

KavStjv,

l-Kavaa,
K-paivco,

aor. pass, of Kaica.

aor. act. of Kaica.

7 ^o

ow/, disembark

fut.

<fr/t/
fat.
ow/, expel;
-Ba\S>, i aor. jf-e/faAox, I aor. pass.
l-(B\Tj9r]v.
((Kiriirraj is used for

the Pass.)

a going

out, egress,

a pass, (in, and flairta, I go.)

tK-poY)0o, 7 march out to the rescue

aor.

aXf<w.

away ;

participle

of

fut.

c-

K-irr|Sao), 7 /#a/> ou/, waZ-tf

fut. vrj&riaouai.
ttt-irtwTco,

out;

am

a sally;

7 /a// OM/, /a// away, rush

driven out, am banished;

-vurovfuu, 3 aor. if-tirfaov

(used as pass, of fr-/3dAAo>).
2 aor. pass, participle of
,
fut.

cK-irXlci>,

.-<!//

sniV au/oy

o/,

fut.

-TT\(i'ffon<u, I aor. f(-tir\fvoa.

fut. -@or/0riaaj.

ln-yovot, -ov, born of, sprung from.

TCI
(tit, and ftfvofMi, I am born.)
tieyora, the offspring, the

ec-lipse.)

1T/ITTCU.

cK-pdXXu, 7

f.

aor. pass, of

sJ

K-IT(/U)V,

/3^ffo/4<u, 2 aor. if-lfiqv.

"K-paCTVs, -taw,

forsake

young.

(K-irXcws,

K-TTXTJTTW,

ywV* /w//, complete.

and v\fOt,full.)

-av,

(fK, utterly,

(Act.)

strike

out

(of

VOCABULARY*
one's senses), astonish, (Pass.) 7
astonished, scared; 2 aor. pass.

am

c'XcvOcpia, -a, {.freedom, liberty.

t-

cXcvOcpo;,

(ir\dyr)v.

K-iT-opviop.ai,

march)

7 go

fut.

out, set out

(on a

-iropcvaofuu.

cK-iropifco, 7 contrive, provide, furnish

1 aor.
(^-(TTopiffa.
?K- mop-a,

(irivu, perf.

n.

impf. of ffpejua/iai (used

of Kptftavvvfu).
t-Kpivdp.T|v, I aor. mid. of Kp'ivu.
?-KTCIVOV, 2 aor. act. of KTtivoj.
f-KTiva, I aor. act. of KTtivoj.
e-Kpejj.d[j.ir]v,

as pass,

7 stretch out, (Mid.)

extend the line of an army ; fut. IKTtvui, i aor. f-fTftva, perf. pass.

<K-TIVU>, (Act.)

tXOelv, 2 aor. infin. with pres. fpxo^ai.

2 aor. part, with pres. tpxopat.

tXOwv,

-d5os, f. Hellas, the name for

Greece amongst the Greeks, who
called themselves Hellenes.
"EXXrjv, -tjvos, m. a Greek.
TEXXtiviKos, -17, -6v, (adj.) Greek.
4XAT|vio>, / speak Greek.
'EXXT|vCs, -*5os, f. a Greek woman. As
an adj. with fern, nouns, Greek.

'EXXas,

fK-rerafjuii, i aor. pass. If-tra^p.

T aor. of KTaopai,

-KTT]<To,jiT|v,

(K-Tp<|>to,
fut.

rear,

-Optyca,

6rm^
aor.

child)

w/> (a

pass,

-a, -ov,free.

t\-T|Xv)0a, perf. with pres. tp\o/Mi.

-Xr|(j>Oqv, I aor. pass, of \ap.^av(a.

J-Xiirov, 2 aor. of \eiiru.

a drinking cup:
rrftruKa, 7 drink.)

-aros,

195

EXXT|cnrovTOS, -ov, m. ('EXXj;s ir&vros, the sea of Helle), the Hellespont,

now the Dardanelles.
Xo((XTjv, 2 aor. opt. mid. with pres,
alptaj.

l-Tpd-

IX6|Xvos, 2 aor. part. mid. with

pres.

alpfcu.

<J7J/.

K-Tpx w 7
,

run

out,

make a

sally;

2 aor. ff-fSpa/jiov.

-KiiXiv8ow, imperf. of Kv\tvSta.

IKCOV, -ovoa, -6v, of one's own accord,

tXiris, -iSos,

fXaTTOvs,
contr.

tXdr-

rovas.
Xa7T<ov, formed from (\a\vs, used as
comparative of /uxpos.
cXavvo), 7 drive,

fut.
ride, march;
eXaffa; or IXa), I aor. ^Xacra, perf.
<XJjXaa, I aor. pass. ^\a.6r]v.

belonging

((\a<pos, a stag;)
deer's flefh, venison.

to

i\L-fiaivta,

myself (reflexive proavrovt.

7 go in, go on board, em-

bark,

before

noun)

aor. part, of IXavVcu.

nom. or ace. pi. of i\a.Tr<av,

tXd<|>i.os, -ov,

a stag.

eAci</>eia

hope.

-ty,

<p.avT6v,

from (\CLTTOV(S, or

f.

IXtov, 2 aor. act. part, with pres. alpto)

l-|Aa0ov, 2 aor. of pavBavw.

willingly.
i-AafJov, 2 aor. of \apfiava).
t-Xoflov, 2 aor. of \avOdvai.
cXaia, -as, f. the olive.

eXdcras,

e'Xmu>, 7 hope or expect (used either

of hope or fear).

pi. ry/jus

(tji- for tv-

p and

ep.-pa.XXo), trans. 7 throw in

intrans. rush in, invade.

ir. )

inflict

7 cause to enter, cause to

embark, put on board (transitive of

e'p.-pipcifa>,

f(j.-@aivcu).

?-(A6iva.

aor. of fifvw.

aor. pass,
t-jAVT|crOT)V, I
p.6s, -17,

('p.-ir86o),

by (opxovs, oaths)

Kpia,

of /w/U'iytmu.

my, mine ; poss. adj. of 7cu.

7 maie firm, abide firmly

-({',

fut. l/i-ircSwcroo.

t'Xac^pos. -a, -6v, light, active, nimble.

cp.-ircipia, -at, f. skill, experience.

((i-impos, -ov, experienced, practised,

(Xa<j>puJs, (adv.) lightly, nimbly.

<-Xaxov, 2 aor. of Xa'/X"''*'-

(tv, and iriTpa, experience.)

cix-TTiirpas, pres. part, of ip-mirprjui.

tXiv,

2 aor. infin.

with

pres. alpita.

-Xi<j)$Tjv, I aor. pass, of Xiro>.

IXcr6ai, 2 aor. infin. mid. with pres.

fH-nprjffca,

7 6Mrn,
I

aor.

set

on fire

tv-eirprjaa.

and mfnrprj/ju, of which

where e/^- precedes.)

alpfca.

p,-7riirpT||xi,

p.

is

fut,

(tv,

dropped

KOCAKULARF.

196

I fall iipnn, attack;

-TTfaovfMt, 2 aor. iv-iirtaov.
tfi-TToBios, -ov, in the way, a

fut.

drance.

and

(iv,

I make

(ji-iroi0),

the mind.

in,

hin-

afoot.)

11011$,

cause

instil into

fut. -rfatu.

7 gain

(|x-iroX(io>,

by

traffic,

sell.

(v0ci.Sc,

n. a thought (lit.
something in the mind, from iv and

V-0up.rjp.a, -arcs,

((fj.iro\i), traffic.)

a merchant, trader.
before, in front;

<p,-Trcpos, -ov, in.

(adv.)

tjx-irpocrOtv,

TO, tftirpoaOev, the fore-parts.

with dat. only

iv, prep.,

on,

in,

among;

during, as iv

I.

II.

of time,

roirrca,

in,

this

during

(time), i.e. meanwhile;

III.

iv

(a stale of) fear.

In

upon.
-ov, opposite, opposed

to,

in

<f>6p<i>,

Composition,
tv-avTtos, -a,

in, at,

IK rov ivavriov,

hostile;

opposite

7 set myself against,

oppose; fut. ivavrtdiaofuu.
tv-dirrw, 7 kindle, set on fire; fut.
I fasten on,
-cuf/tu, perf. -ijnnat (lit.
v avrtoojioi,

from

and

iv,

v-8tta, -at,

airrca,

Ifix).

want, deficiency.

f.

tvSoOtv, (adv.)/rom the inside (of

(myself).
iv-/pT)v, 2 aor.

tv

ptpacra,

tv- tip.i,

tvcica, prep,

for

am

of

imperf.

(Iv,

I give

trouble,

annoy

fut.

there, here;
(2) of time, thereupon, then, now.
tvTv6v, (adv.) (i) of place, thence,

hence; (2) of time, henceforth, thence-

forth; (3) therefore.

tv-Tip.os, -ov, held in honour, valuable.
(rifif), honour.)
'
tv-Tovws, earnestly (lit. with an effort,*

from

iv,

and rtivu, I

stretch

ot

strain).

tvros, (adv.) inside, within (of place 01

time) with gen. (If).

tv-TVYX*vo>, 7 light upon, meet with
fut. -T<t5fo/xai, 2 aor. iv-irvxov.
I

aor. of wtertptvo).

m. a commander
'a commander of*

v-<i)|jioTdpxT|S, -ov,

with gen., on account

0/25 men;

f{

for

I* before vowels.

aor. of iv-avru.

v0a, (adv.) (of place) here, there ; (of

time) thereupon, then, also as relative
adv., where, when ; ivOa KOI iv6a,
here and there.

iv,

See IK.

I|, six.
<0 >

but used

lit.

band of sworn soldiers,' (from

and onvvfju, I swear.)

oj,

imperf. of if-Ka\(oa.
imperf. 3 pi. of ip-

fvtKtv, the same as tvtrta,

before a vowel.
I

thought, design.

cvrav9a, (adv.) (i) of place,

IV-TJV.

'v-Tri|jLirpao-av,

v-TJ|/a,

f.

t-votjcra, I aor. of votai.

the sake of.

v-aAow,

iv-

e.

and vovt, the mind.)

l-WKTcpcvcra,
aor.

tn

i.

when.
fv-voia, -a,

mo-

tion from within).

fvBov, (adv.) inside (of rest in a place).
iv-8ua), trans. I put on (some one else),
2 aor. intrans. iv-iovv, I put on

lit.

some, = tvi ot,

there are who.

more, sometimes, = Ivi art, i.e. tvfanv ort, lit. there is a time

f.v-o\Xf<a,

(of place).

-a,

-0.1,

ftaiv ot,

in the

power of (Lat. penes'), as iv 1/ioJ,

in my power; IV. of condition, as

of viKaca.

1-vtKcov, imperf.

VM>I,

of place,

(adv.) thither, there, here.

fv9airp. where (stronger form of tvOa).

cv0v, thence, hence.
v-0u(Ji0|xai, have in mind, consider;
fut. -yaofMi, I aor. iv-(6\>iJa]6rjv.
(iv, and 0iytos, mind.)

I aor.

report; fut. lf-a-yyfA.3,

-jyyytiAa.

i-iyw, I lead out;

fut. -afu,

2 aor.

-1770701'.

l-atptTOS, -ov, taken

and atpfTus, verbal
l|aCpcra,

'-aipu,

out, chosen

adj.

choice portions.
/ take out,

(Act.)

(If

of atptca).
i

aor.

VOCAEULARY..
ti\ov:

(Mid.)

choose,

aor.

f^w, (adv.) without, outside

?o>0ev, (adv.)

(aXXo^cu

is

trans.

Lat. salio.)

zae

to

(in pres., imperf., fut., I aor.)

-dva-ar^ffca ; intrans. I stand

which

r/se

it

deceive

up (2

entirely

fut.

= tai<f>i>r)s),
7

suddenly.

my

quarters,

of doors.
resting place for night.)

(aiXtj,

'-8ov,

imperf. of eK-0tca.

(?fu,

I go

out, sally forth,

Used

ibo.)

as

fut.

t'|-Kop.icra. (-CKO|xurap.Tjv,

and mid. of

(tf,

and

of

<-

I aor. act.

KOfjufa.

t-Kvpi<rra, imperf. 3rd

sing, of t/c-

(in-

fut.

review (of troops),

to hold a review?)

au

(neut.

part.

aor. -rjvtffa.

m. praise.

-Traiov, imperf.
t

of

iraioj.

r-av-tpxo}Aai, 7 come or go back,

return, 2 aor. -^A.^o*'.
mtTaa, I aor. in use with the pres.

when, since. [Distinguish

from liretTa.]
=
t iri8dv
l7T(6^ av, whenever, always
iri, (conj.)

.with the subjunctive.

timBi], strengthened form of iird.
Tr-ip.i, 7 come upon, advance, attack;
quipa. imovffa, the following day.

(?/,

Lat. ibo.)

7 am upon, am over (a river).

(ti/, Lat. sum.)
[tiripo}i<u], 7 ask besides, ask; fut.
i aor. -rjponijv, inf.
-fpriffonai,
-fpfffOat.
(Pres. not used in Attic.
t

pojjiai

upon.

t^w, V being possible.

f.

and cpcdrdw.)

7reiTa, (adv.) then, afterwards, there-

c-cp)(o|tai, 7 ^o ow/, conze OK/; for

the fut. |-CI/M, 2 aor. tf-^A.Ooi'.
fj-(rri, (impers.) /'/ is allowed, or
-CDS,

probable]

firaivos, -of,

See

-fXacrw or -fAw.
^-\iirov, 2 aor. of Ix-Aclm*.
e-^vijov, imperf. of evica.

possible; part

is

?ir-ti|u,

t-Xawa), (trans.) 7 rfr/i/e out,

trans.) nWe o?//, march out;

i^-Tacris,

without.

*
(tK<a,
(formed from
not used).
7 seem likely,

-f(m.

t|-eiT|, opt. of.

^-i|Xi,

Zeal/*

from

f-iraOov, 2 aor. of iraa^o).

eir-aivtu, I praise; fut. -t'era; or -tffopai,

fut.

-arraTiJtra;, I aor. pass. -rj-na

a.vXiop.ai,
out
bivouac

also as

perf.

probable that

is

f IKOS,

aor., perf., plupf.), 2 aor. -av-farrjv.

t'^-airaTaw,

i'oiKd,

^-a\airiJo),-7 sac&, plunder ; fut. -fey.

e-dXXo|iai, 7 /eap o?^ ; (of a horse)
rear; fut. -aXoC/xai, I aor. -^\at|-av-Co-TT||U,

prep, with gen. outside of.

'
t(-aKis-x^ lol a *i *> six-thousand.
laKooTOi, -a, -a, six-hundred.

(oirAa,

of lx<M.

?ci>, fut.

aor. -yrijffa.

lamvT)S,

97

arms.)

||-aiT<>, (Act.) / demand from (anybody), (Mid.) I beg off; fut. -ijffw,

/7i'.

go forth armed.

myself,

-fiXo/uji'.

examination,

(troiea' tfiratrtv,

[Distinguish from tird.']

of (irt-n(\fOf^at.

ir-(jtXoiL(XT)V, imperf.

-ir-ir6v0eiv, pluperf. of Trao'x*'. P er fto vtTTOvOa,

7 come upon, come to,

For the
-jjA.^oi'.

ir-pxo|xav,

2 aor.

proceed;
fut.

ew-|M

is

f-ireo-ov, 2 aor.

used.

of

iri-rrrca.

t^-Tpacj)T|v, 2 aor. pass, of (K-Tpf<pw.

CTT-ecrraTovv, imperf. of em-ffTareo).

t^T|Kovra, sixty.

l-inf)YVVjiTjv, imperf.

imperf. of t^-tan.
|-iKVfO|xai, 7 arrive at, reach (with
-ijv,

gen.) ; fut. -igojiai, 2 aor. -iKofirjv.

e{--6v, neut. pres. part, from e-<m.
t

crrXiJw,

arm,

(Mid.)

/ arm

tir-gveera,
tiri,
I.

of

irfiyvvfju.

aor. of tir-aivi<a.

prep, with gen., dat., and accus.,

With gen. of

after verbs of

'on the

place, on, upon,

motion towards, lit.

line of,' as itKilv trl

2a

VOCABULARY.

198
to

ftov,

towards

sail

Samos;

ii.

Kvpov, in the time

of Cyrus; iii. with numerals, as CTTI
TfTTapcav, four deep, lit. on a basis
of time, as

IJTI

With

II.

of four.

place, on, upon, at

on, in

iii.

view to

of time,

ii.

of

i.

at,

of purpose, for, with a

of

iv.

Tovrots,
'besides

dat.

on

III.

conditions, also
With accus. i.

of motion, on

ii.

of time,

to, against;
for, during, up to ; iii. of purpose,

for, as firlri; 'for

firl

Sffirvov,

what (purpose) ?
In

for supper.

Com-

1 aor. (ir-(0t]v.

-l3t{}\r]Ka.

perf.

TTi-\av04vop.ai (or tm-XriOofjieu), 7

fut.

forget;

eirj-X^ffo/wt,

aor.

iir-e\a&6nr]v, perf. iiri-\t\i)(r(Mi.

tTri-Xciirco,

7 /eave

(trans.)

am

I fail,

(intrans.)

behind,

wanting, 2 aor.

fut. -/JaA.5,

iiri-fittftyntvoi

To6rai, archers with arrows on

adj.

(iirl,

of \fyoa, I

choose.)

<m-ju.eXfcp.ai.,

iJie

tin.-p.Xi]S,

Comp.

lake charge of, look

Lit.
string.
having put [arrows]
on their [strings].'
;

anxious.

careful,

-c's,

-fffTfpos.

7 remain, wait

tiri-fAmo,

tiri-opKco,

fut. -fifvui.

of wtVw.

1-iTiov, 2 aor.

swear falsely, perjure

fut. -opKrjffu.

myself;

tm-opiaa, -as, f. a false oath, perjury.

(opxos, an oath, inl, over (beyond)
the truth.)
cm-iriirrw, 7 fall upon, attack (with

'

ttri-pov\uw, / plan or plot against

chosen, picked,

-oi',

and A.TOS, verbal

after; fut. -^eA^cro/iai.

an aspirated vowel im becomes t<j>',

as !</>' iiTirov, on horseback.
cir-tam, 3rd pi. pres. of tir-fiiu.
m-paivco, / go to, go upon; mount.

7 throw upon ;

/o>

gen.

'

position, upon, at, by, besides. Before

eiri-pdXXo>,

with

Ini

as

condition,

these

this.'

sz,

o/

(Act. and Mid.)

AoW

dat.)

2 aor. fir-tirtaov.

eiri-irovos, -ov, laborious, troublesome,

portending trouble. (I Tit, and jnSvot,

fut. ~tvoa>.

iitifiov\-i\, -rjs,

(.

plot, treachery.

<m-StiKW|U, / show,
-$ticu, I

display;
aor. (ir-iofia.

2 aor. inf.

iir-i8tlv,

Siixrai,

I aor. iir-taiTia'diJTjv.

tm-o"iraco,

/ give

besides;

fut.

pursue

fut.

(f

and

7 know, understand; im-

to),

mand
is set

fut.

(of troops)
-a/i^cu.
/w, nm placed
,

fm-KCip.at, (i) 7 7/e

upon; (2) I assault, attack (used

as

pass, of im-TiOrjiu).

(Tn-Koi'ip^p.a,

-UTOS,

n.

Ae//>,

pro-

tection.

tTri-Kpareia, -at, f. cover, protection

(lit. power over, from cni, and
/xi-

TO, power).

oi/er,

Aave comone

(tirtaTdrjjs,

who

over.)
,

7 6erf

wheel round

7 s/a<f

over.

Ovftvt).

Tri-KaptiTTw,

after; fut.

perf.

-8<ia.
i-mJ6|AT]V, imperf. mid. of TTU'^W.
iri-0v|io), 7 desire, covet, with gen.
77i

(airos,corn.)

7 /ra^ or />//

i,

after;

aor.

kiti-

i aor. iir -tbcaica.

tm-Si<i>K<i>,

7 procure provisions;

eTTi-criTi5o(jiai.,

of iir-iISov (pres.

bp-opata).
tm-88oj(jLi,

7 throw upon;

tiri-ppiiTTco,
fut.

command;
TTioToX'fj,

7 send

to,

send tidings to ;

fut. -0reA.w,

-TJs,

f.

letter,

aor. tw-

injunction.

(iiri-aTt\\u.)
(7riTT|8ios, -a, -ov, suitable, necessary.
rci (irir^Sfta, provisions,
the
lit.
necessariet (of
ciri-T(Or)|ii,
se/ />o,

life).

(Act.) 7 put on, (Mid.) 7

attack ; (iiri-KfifJUu is used

for the passive)

fut. -ffrjuoi.

VOCABULARY.
m-Tprw, 7

entrust

command,

to,

the

appear (near
spot), make my appearance;

ciri-^aCvopai,

fut.

-(/KJPOC/ICU.

*m-x<4>*w, I put my hand to, attempt;

and x*'P> a hand) ; fut. -r]ffoj.
(liri,
tirt-xipijw, the same as (m\fiffoi ;

I pour on

of wAso;.
of nXr)TT(,
t-iro\t\Lovv, imperf. of iro\e/*e'o>.
eiro|Aai, I follow, pursue; fut. tyo/tat,
v, 2 aor. pass,

eiTrdjti^i',

(Lat. sum.)
ecrop.ai, fut. of (Ipl.
t-o"jTopT|v, 2 aor. pass, of ffireipot.
e-o-irap(iai, perf. pass, of aiteifxa.
J-o-rratra, I aor. act. of anaw.

of

t-cr-jTticra,

YU Jofxai, 7 K/or, do

eo~irf-

f.
evening,
(irpos
pav, towards the west.)

Icrircpa, -as,

aor. pass, ofiarrjfjti.

-o-Td0i]v,

trans.).

(ear'

so long

tar,

as.)

Epyaxa, queen of

f.

-17$,

aor. act. of atiivoca.

tore, (conj.) until,

Cilicia, wife of Syennesis (I. 64).

e-irxi0o|XT|v, 2 aor. of irvvOdvoftai.
t'p

fficuiracu.

-crKOacrp.ai, perf. pass,

I-O-KOTTOWV, imperf. 'of ffKoirtco.

liTTaKocrtoi, -at, -a, seven hundred.

'Einja|a,

ffiyaot.

<TTa<rav, 3 pi. pluperf. of iffrijfu (in-

2 aor. effirofirjv.
-ircvovv, imperf. of novfca.
turd, seven. (Lat. septem.)

imperf.

99

ffirata.
pass,
-<rira<r0T)v,
-<nmpa, I aor. act. of airtipco.

/.

or

i aor.

of

I aor.

fut. -xtipivoJ.

tu,

l-o-Cvcov, imperf.

-<nw7r<ov, imperf. of

aor. kir-trpt\l/a.

permit;

fut. (pyaffofjat,

1-o-TeuXo, I aor. act. of ffTf\\oj.

(Perf.
?<TTT|Ka, perf. act. of foTjy/xi.
intrans. 7 stand.)

of

I-CTTTJV, 2 aor. act.

aor.

iffrrjfu (intrans.).

of

act.

perf. fipyaa/Mi.
(tpyov, work.)
tp"f<y,
tp-yov, -ou, "n. M/or&, action.

f-orqo-a,

in deed, in fact.
epeiv, fut. inf. with pres. tyijpi.
tpT|iua, -as, f. a desert, solitude.

t-<TTiY(xai, perf. pass, of ari^a.

|-<rrpa<j>T|v, 2 aor. pass, of aTpf<pca.
-oTpij;a, I aor. act. of arpf<pco.

(?/?-

pas, lonely.)
-ov,

-77,

desolate (with gen.)

lonely,

[hence Eng.

t-o-<j)v86vwv, imperf. of fffyivoovav.

'eremite,' or 'hermit.']
('Epjjffjs,

[tpojxai],

m.

-fas,

epjjtT]Vus,

an

interpreter.

Mercury.)

I ask

(pi](fOfnai,

(a

question)

2 aor. ^pofjirjv.

(iporraoj

i'pxop.ai,

t-o-uOrjv,

aor. pass, of aufa.

TErcoviKos, -ov, m. Eteonicus, a Lace-

defence, fortification.

7 as&;

fut.

-ijao),

daemonian general

aor.

-^TOS,

f.

dress,

I put

(fi/vvfu,

(Lat. vestis.)
-Ouo, 7 eat; fut. iSofuu, perf.

Byzantium

?TI, (adv.) still,

any longer,

no longer.)

on).

2 aor. ttpayov.

at

(VIII. 30).

trtpos, -a, -ov, the other, one of two.

t-T-TT|Ki.v ( pluperf. act. of TTJKCU.

-o--o-(off(Jit)V, pluperf. pass,

T aor. of
c-<rf||i.T)va,
ffTjfMwcu.

5oa,

'

\i7\u0a, 2 aor. ?^A.0op.

-17, -oj',

aofjMi), perf.
cpoiToLco,

'

fortified, strong.
conze, g'o: fut.
'/< (I\i5-

-arcs, n.

cratpog, -ov, m. a companion, comrade.

l-rafxov, 2 aor. act. of Tfpxa.
t-rdxOTjv, I aor. pass, of rdrroa.
l-reiva, i aor. act. of rfivo).

used instead of present.)

<ppti|/a, I aor. of /Surrey.
pvp.v6s,

IcrxaTos, -ov, last, extreme.

f X(W
T v 2 aor '^r
l
?-aXov, 2 aor. act. of ^x 03
!-crx

fut.

is

t'pti[ia,

3 sing. pres. imperat. of el/u.

l<rTws, perf. participle of iffrrjfu.
t-o-<J)ayr]v, 2 aor. pass, of ffipafa.
?<rro>,

and

-ov,

tpT||xos,

iffrrjfj.1

(trans.).

5^-

t-T'\ki\9i\v, I aor. pass, of rt/jivca.

tToip.os,

-T),

-ov, ready,

prepared.

VOCABULARY.

2OO

-ov, m. the river Euphrates.

Eastern and Western branches
join in Armenia ; it then flows
west of the Tigris, passes through
Babylon, and joins the Tigris before
it falls into the Persian Gulf.

JTOI^WS, readily (adv. of IroTfiot).

TOS, -ov, n. a year, (inaarov trovs,
every year.)
t-rpairov, 2 aor. act. of rpfnat.
t'-TpuOijv, I aor. pass, of rnpwaKa).
l-rpoxra, I aor. act. of TirpuiaKO).
J-TVXOV, 2 aor. act. of Tvy\av<a.

The

happy,

-ov,

u-Sai|ib>v,

lucky, the left

prosperous,

and

well,

(y,

wealthy.

f.
fair-weather, a calm.
u-tpYcria, -at, f. good service, kind-

v-8ia, -as,

{i-<ovos,
active,

m. a

-ov.

well

(tv,

well,

benefactor.

girded; hence
and
a
<VVTJ,

'<j>-ciTojxat,

imperf.

twcus,

directly,

tuOvs, (adj. used as adv.) straightway,

immediately.
f.
good fame, glory,
and K\tos, glory.)
Eu elides, a seer
m.
EvcAti5T)S, -ov,
from Phlius, in the north of Pelopon-

-at,

((v, well,

nesus (VIII. 485).

cv-voia, -a*, f. good-will, kindness,
tu-voos, -OK, contr. tvi-vovs, kind, welldisposed,

(tv,

well,

and

vovt,

tvofjai.

name,'

especially TO tvwvvthe left wing of an

7 pursue

fut.

i<p-fyo{MU,

k<f>-(iir6firjv.

"E4>j-os, -ov, f. Ephesus in Lydia, on

the west coast of Asia Minor.
3 aor. of (ftrjiii.
?-<|>T]v,
i aor. mid. of <paivu.
-<J>r)vd(jfrjv,
-4>0Y|d|xtjv, I aor. of ipOfyyofMit.

immediately (adv. of

tvOvt).

v-K\ia,

fut.

of good

unlucky to mention.)
t-^gyov, 1 aor. with pres. iaQica.
-<avT]v, 2 aor. pass, of <paivca.

ness.
-ov,

'

lit.

pov \jctpat\,
army.
(5, WO/ML, of good name ;
really an euphemism for the uttlucky side, i, e. the left, which it was

Saificav,

fate.)

u-pYrijs,

vow ;

7 pray,
eu-a>w|xos, -ov,
c\*XO|xai,

tv, (adv.) well, prosperously.

<4>06s,
'

?t/>o>,

-77,

boiled (verbal adj.

-6v,

of

boil).

(J>-i(rnjni, (trans.)

7 make

to stop

set

over; fut. tiri-arrivm (intrans.) 7

stand by, halt ; 2 aor. itt-tffnjv.
,
c<f>-oSiov, ov> n travelling expenses or
;

supplies,

and 6Sos, a road).

an approach.
in. an overseer ; ol *E</>o-

(iirl,
f.

mind.)
ndcrot
ev-eivos, -ov, hospitable ;
Evfivos, the Euxine or Black Sea.

<4>-oSos, -ov,

cu-ircTws, (adv.) easily.

tv-ircpos, -ov, easy to pass.

(i<p-opdcu, I oversee.)
?-4>vyov, a aor. of <p(vya),
t'xOpos, -&, -ov, hostile; an enemy.

ctipioKO),

tvpov,

find,

fut.

discover;

(vpfjffu,

perf.

aor.

tvprjKa,

fcroad.)

EupvXoxos, -ov, m. Eurylochus, a

hoplite from Lusi, a town in Arcadia (IV. 360).
-fo, -u, wide, broad.
V-TO.ICTOS, -ov, well arranged, in

c upvs,

(v,

range.)
fv-ra|ia, -of,

well,

poi, the

Ephors, or Council of Five at

Sparta.

pass, fvprjfiai, ] aor. pass. tvptOrjv.

cvpos, -ovt, n. width, breadth, (tii/ws,

order.

<j>-opos, -ov,

good
and TOTTW, 7 or-

(i\0ot, hatred.)

t-XPy.

iniperf.

of XP^7-

-XpTJTO, 3 sing, imperf. of xpao/wu.

iXw, I have, hold, possess^ keep; fut.
<a or axfjaca, perf. ffX7*a imperf.
>

tlxpv, 2 aor. iaxpv. Impers. xaAws

X*'i '' M veil ; (Pass.) ol dvOpcairoi t\ovrai, the inhabitants are kept
prisoners, (Mid.) 7 hold on to, so txofutvot, next in order.

<f-\{/cv<r|jUU, perf. pass,

f.

^oo<f order, disciplint.

u-roX|ios, -ov, daring, courageous.

of ifxvfot.

perf. act. of updoi.

t-iipwv, imperf. act. of opav.

1-upaKa,

201

VOCABULARY.
?o>9, ace. ea>,

wards

morning;

f.

toirpos fw,

<j&ij,

ow, already, by this time.

of dSiKiai.

(adv.)

q8iKT|0Y]v, i aor. pass,

the east.

us, (conj.) as long as, until, while.

TjSiKTjKa,

act.

perf.

T|SiKT)p;at,

and

pass, of aSiKtca.
f,8op.ai,

z.

Zairaros,

-ov,

river

Zab

in
i]86}jiT|v,

f|8ovT|, -^s,

the Tigris (III. too).

T|8wdjJU]v, iniperf. of

live;

fty.

fut.

C'?

e^r,

imperf.

'.

fVYvv>|Ai,

attach

^ofo, join,

fut.

2 aor. ((vyrjv.
Cevfa), perf. tfevy/xeu,
oxen - (Lat.
e
n- a
>
etJY os >

^* f

jugum, Eng. .yoe.)

Zevs, Aio's, m. Zffws (Roman Jupiter),
voc. Zeu, ace. Ato.
enviable.
frjXcoTos, -Tj, -ov,

7 punish

fut.

of aw.
pres. opt. of (Jaw.

infin.
ffjv, pres.
cpi)v,

-rjs,

f.

a girdle,

gird on.)

r)

(adv.) truly, verily.

n, 3 sing. subj. of tlfii.

j, either

. .

or.

(Lat. sum.)

(adv.) where, properly

fem. of os, ^, o.
aor "7WJ

aor -

f|Y<o|xai, (i)

dat. sing.

a77e'AA.w.
leader, guide.
/earf the way; (2)

'

Greek captain

(VII. 71).

TJyvoow, imperf. of
TJY OV > imperf.

7 in^w ;

V|8iv,
as

of

imperf.

d-yvoe'w.

pluperf. of oiSa, used

having a present

signification.

T|8tws,

(adv.) gladly,

Comp.

ffiov

of

e7/u.

TJ0\ov, imperf. of iffiXv.

4]0poicra, I aor. act. of aJOpoifa.

^K, may be 3

sing, imperf.

of ijxw or

I aor. ofirj/ju.

of

TJKOV, imperf.

^w.

f)XX6|iT)V, imperf. of

aAXo^ai.
T|XuKiv, perf. and pluperf. of
a\tanoiMi.
f. a
I'lfxt'pa, -a*,
day; afia TJ) ^fifpa,

m. a mule.

ass.)
Tjp.iiTX0pov, -ov, n. ^a//"
i.

e.

with pleasure.

superl. ijoiira.

($1*1-, half,

a pletkron,

feet.

50

TJfuavs, -<ia,

-v, ^a//.

i]v, for idv, if.

nv, imperf. of tlfu.
(Lat. sum.)
qvaYKaera, I aor. act. of ava-fKafa.

with pres. tptpw.

when.
qvioxos, -ov, m. a charioteer, drivet
(from fjvia, reins and X W I hold).
vjiow, iniperf. of d^toco.
f\vi\9T\v, I aor. pass,

fjvCKa, (conj.)

a-ycu.

olSa

imperf.

and ovos, an

'

r\tcro.v,

(Lat. ibo.)

i||o.iovos, -ov,

suppose ; fut. fjffiaonat. [Lat> afwco

has also both meanings.]
r|vP 1l v r aor P ass ^ 7*'/ 'H y no av J>ps, -ow, m. Hegesander, a
-

fi^'uav, superl. rjOiaros.

pi.

at day-break.
T]ftTepos, -a, -ov, poss. adj. our.

m. a

-" V > -ovos,

fjXoJKa,

TJ,

5iVa^a.

pleasant, delicious.

T|XC9tos, -a, -ov, foolish, silly.

fjXios, -ov, m. the sun.

H.
(conj.) or, than

Qiv,

/ee/,

f|K6vTiov, imperf. of aKovrlfa.

f|Kovcra, I aor. of aKovta.
TJKW, 7 am come, arrive ; used as perf.
of tpxofiai, fut. ?iu.
f|XA(h]v, I aor. pass, of \\avvw.
TiXdjxrjv, I aor. mid. of aXXo/*a.
fj\a<ra, I aor. act. of \\avvca.
TJXOov, 2 aor. with pres. (p

rival.)

t]|uou,

-f fa, -u,
fjSvis,

Comp.

^uYTjXartw, 7 aV/w a yoke of oxen.

(tvyot and (\avvcu.)

JWVTJ,

sweetness, pleasure.

f.

'

infin.

fut. TjaOriffopai,

imperf. of jj8o/iai.

from the East into

Assyria, flowing
fdu, 7

TJ,

7 am pleased;

aor. TjaOr/v.

m. the

TJ^W, fut. of 1JKU.

,

imperf. of

u.i

VOCABULARY.

2O2
,

(adv.) where, properly dat. sing.

fem. of

0.

os-irtp.

rjmordnTjv, imperf. of (niffra^tu.

T|-n-opovv, imperf. of anoptco.

OoXaTTO,

Heraclea, a city in
Bithynia, on the Euxine.
"HpaicXi8T)s, -ov, m. Heraclides, an
agent of the Thracian prince Seuthes.
"HpaKXecorrjs, -ov, m. a Heraclean or
inhabitant of Heraclea.

Oa.va.Tocj,

'HpaxXeia,

"HpciKtaums, -tSos, f.
district of Heraclea.

(sc.

777),

the

TIpaKXfjs, -eons, m. Heracles (Roman

Hercules), son of Zeus and Alo
niena.
i aor.
pass, of alptco.
ypT)|xai, perf. pass, of alpica.

Y|pd|XT]V,
t|p6|iT)v,

aor. mid. of

of

aor.

ipo/juu

(pres.

of apnafa,
of d/)irdfco.

aor.

dappaXcw;, (adv.) boldly.

I am of good courage.

dappcu),

Odppos, -ous, n. boldness, courage.

0apavva>, 7 make bold, encourage;
aor.

kOdpowa.
comp. of

TOX^WS,

more

0avp.a.a>,

wonder, marvel; fut.

r(Oav/MKa. (Oavpa,

wonder.)

(i) of dp^o^ai

imperf.

(2) of tpxofMi.
TJpXov, imperf. of d/>x<w.

-as,

f.

0ed, -as,

f.

a view, a sight.
a goddess.

doitat,
i,

n.

-CTOS,

0tajj.a,

aor. of ifxardo}.

fipiirrjo-o,

OappaXf'os, -a, -ov, bold.

(Bdppos,
Comp. -wrtpos.
courage.)

0a,

T)piracr[iai, perf. pass,

TJpx6(iT)v,

Odtf/ca,

Oavfjaffca, perf.

aor. act.

fut.

pass. (Tcuprjv.

quickly.

tpwrdca.)
TJpircwra,

I bury;

OaTTov,

apx w

fut.

of

OavovjJiai, fut.

Odirrw,

TJp0T]v,

m. death.
/ condemn to death;

0a.va.Tos, -ov,

f.

-as,

the sea.

-rjs, f.

s/g'A/,

spectacle.

see.)

0i9, 2 aor.

act. infin.

and

part.

qpwTUV, imperf. of

(pairdta.
aor. pass, of rjSofuu.
lja06p.Tjv, 2 aor. of alaQavoiuu.
f]O-ux"*i -as, f. quietness; aytiv
\iav, to keep
rj(70T]v,

6<\b>,

1j<jv-

Tg-njord|XTjv, I

aor. pass, of ala-xyvai.

aor. mid. of aiTtoa.

nTM)(XTr]v, imperf.

of alTi&oftai.

flTrdojiai,

conquered;
rJTTTjfMU.

am

less

fut.

than,

i.

e.

^TTijao/xat,

(JJTT01V, ItSS.)

TJTTWV, -ov,
i

i\\9iaQt\v t

HX^lv.

inferior, weaker.
aor. pass, of auA/^w:

less,

TjuXiaOTjv,

aor. pass, of

aor- pass,

l
,

imperf.

Oepfxacria, -as,

of d-yw.

f.

warmth.

-77, -(Jj/,

am

warm.

OtpjAcoBcuv, -OI/TOS, m. /Ae

a river of Pontus,

perf.

(Qipo),

warm.)
Thermodon,

flowing inlo the

Euxine Sea (VI. 140). It still keeps
its

name

as

Thirmah

0tr0ai, 2 aor. mid.

0*TToX6s,

JJTTOV, (adv.) less.

fut. Of \riffu.

6<p.cvos, 2 aor. mid. part, of riOrjfu.

06s, -oO, m. a god; avv rots Otoit,

0ep|xos,

imperf. mid. of airioi.

imperf. of alreoj.
v,

iw'sA

with the gods' help.

quiet.

ri<rxvv(Hiv,

Su.

infin.

of

riOrjfu.

or
inhabitant of Thessaly in Northern
-17,

-ov,

Thessalian,

Greece.
0fw,

7 run

0i>pc<i>,

fut.

0vaofMi.

7 view,inspect,review (troops),

fut. -JJ(T<W.

0^pcvo>, 7 hunt, chase.

(Ofo, a wild

beast.)

0Tjpiov, -ov, n.

Lat./-a.

w/W

teas/,

(tf^,

VOCABULARY.
OTJCTU, fut,

m. Theches, a mountain
near Trapezus, whence the Greeks

rjxTjs, -ov,

got their

first

sight of the sea (V.

,283)-

0i{Jpwv, -twos, m. Thibron, a. Spartan

commander, sent out to oppose
Tissaphernes (VIII. 543).
OvqcrKto, 7 die; fut. 6avovjj.at, perf.
TtOvrjKa, 1 aor. iQavov.
66pv|3os, -ov t m. noise,

Thrace,

f.

now

confusion,

forming the

eastern half of the Turkish province

Rumelia, and containing the capital

Also a district of
Constantinople.
Bithynia in Asia Minor, (rpaxvs,
rough.)
or

-a, -ov, Thracian,

longing to Thrace.
m. a Thracian.
-a/cos,
0pa,

pcjKios,

be-

-v, bold,

0vyaTT]p, -rpos,

0vvoi,

-lav,

Thrace

f.

venturesome.

the Thyni, a people in

they colonised Bithynia

Ovpa, -as, f. a door.

(Lat. /ores.)
OvptTpo, -wv, (neut. plur.) doors.
Ovaia, -as, f. a sacrifice.

Oiiffcu,

0u>pa,
let,

i.

e.

(Mid.)

sacrifice;

for myself,

imperat. of ilpi.

TeOvxa.

-O.KOS,

m. a

-fvcru.

a suppliant.)
m. a strap, thong.
n. a cloak.

(iK(TT]s,

tp,ds, -O.VTOS,
lp.o.Tiov, -ov,

where;

iva,

(i) (adv.)
in order that.

fut.

breastplate,

cors-

(conj.)

cavalry.
-ov,

-17,

a horse;
lum-

to

belonging

iiririKov, the

cavalry; Owpa

KOS, a cavalry breastplate.

m. a horse;

iiriros, -ov,

t<p' 'iirvov,

on

3 pi. from o75a.

imperat. of ofSa.

m. thelsthmus of Corinth,
Peloponnesus to Nor-

joining the

thern Greece
I

pi.

(III.

from

m. Thorax, a Boeotian

Xenophon

(VI.

i<ros,

-t],

-ov,

m.

of dSov, pres. opdca.

own

account (dat. fem. of tSjos).

m. a private person.

iSoi|ju, I8tov, 2 aor. act. opt.

of clSov, prcs. iifiaca.

Ujxtjv, imperf. mid. of
icvai, pres. infin.

of

and

it

part.

from

Seventy years

became famous

for

iaOi.

icmriiu, (trans.)
irjfu.

tlfu.

or Issus, a town
N. E. corner of the

158).

(I.

TO "ffov, to
on equal

Alexander's victory over the Persians,

BC. 333.
from ofSa, or imperat.
icrr*, 2 pi.

own.

iSios, -a, -ov, private, one's

Levant

afterwards

(Is
iffov,

Issi.

in Cilicia, in the
infiii.

(taos,

side.)

equal;

an equality;
terms.
'lo-o-oC, -5>v,

(adv.) privately, on one's

185).

ol8a.

Icr6-ir\vpos, -ov, equal-sided,

and w\evpcl, a

I.

IStw-rrjs, -ov,

(2)

m. a commander of
urirapxos,
cavalry. (ITTTTOS, and apxca, I rule.)
iirire-us, -((as, m. a horseman ;
pi.
-ov,

TcrOjxos, -oO,

159)-

iSia,

able; comp. -urtpos, superl. -ajraros.

iKavtos, (adv.) sufficiently.
iKerevw, 7 supplicate, entreat; fut.

icrjiev,

general, jealous of

I8elv, 2 aor.

(Lat. ibo

-ov, Jit, suitable, sufficient,

-17,

r<ra<ri,

sacrifice

take the auspices

perf.

O.KOS,

perf. flica.
i0i, pres.

itrOi,

cuirass.

0wpa,

send;

shoot,

fut. ffffw, I aor. fjna,

horseback.

(VIII. 138).

0vto,

(Mid.) 7 rush,

TO

a daughter.

the sacrifice showed

7 throw,

(Act.)

iT]Ht,

ITTWIKOS,

m.

'

e.

favourable, i.
good omens.

tTTTTf?*,

Opacre'iog, (adv.) boldly.

Opacrus, -tta,

Icpctov, -of, n. a victim.

Upos, -d, -6v, holy, sacred: rci It pa
Ka\a ?t v, the sacred (entrails') were

iicavos,

tumult.
Qpa.Ki],-T]s,

203

(Lat. ibo.)

set

up

7 make

fut. ffTTifftu,

(intrans.)

to stand, stop,

aor. tffTijffa

stand, halt;

perf.

'to-

VOCABULARY.

204

rr]Ka, (part, tarwi,) a aor. iarrjv,

I aor. pass. icrraOrjV.

lerriov, ov, n.

KaCircp, although, (with participle.)

Kaipos, -or, in. a Jit lime, season,

sail.

Icrxvpos, -a, -ov, strong.

io-xupa>s, (adv.) strongly

exceedingly.
urx *' ( a form

of

hence very,

Ix*"')

'/

'

KaKoq,

icroos,

(adv.) perhaps, (lit. equally.)

ITOV, verb. adj. from 7/, one

#ITVS, -vos,

f.

the

rim of a

7/.

(Lat.

-jj,

comp.

-6v, bad,

wicked, cowardly

Kaic'icav,

superl.

Kaici<rTO$

fut. -i7<r<u.

jure;

KaXdjJios, -ov,

160.)

IXVIDV, -ov, n. a trace, track,

(fjpros,

pres. subj.

and

part,

of

fi/u.

KaO-e^o^.ai.,

in-

(Lat. co/a-

reed.

-taw,

summon,

ca//,

perf.

fut.

invite;
perf.

KtK\i]iea,

pass.

KaX\i|xaxos, -ov, m. Callimachus, an

Arcadian captain (V. 258).

sit

down,

rest,

halt;

impf. tKaO-t6fjii)v.
Ka6-cis, 2 aor. part, of KO.O-irjfu.
Kd6-f\Kw, I draw down; fut. -t\a>.

impf. KaO-ffaicov.
Kd9-cu5u>, / sleep ; imperf. ixaOtvSoy.
tcaO-TjKw, 7 reach down ; TO KO.O-T)KOV,

down.
/ sit down, encamp.
Kd6-rr]|u, 7 send down, let fall ; fut.
ts irpofio\r)v rti
-rjaoj, impf. -/iji'.
the fart reaching

Kd0-T)p.at,

SJpara KaO-iivTd, couching their

down

'

spears, lit. letting

for attack.'

their spears

7 set in order,
settle, appoint; fut. Kara- arrjaca; (iutrans.) / am placed: perf. KaO-iarij-

KoO-tarrjui,

(trans.)

Ka, 1 aor. itar-fffTrjv.

fut. Knr-oiffO^ai, 2 aor. /car-frSuv.
/
KOI, (couj.) (l) arf; (2) a/.vo,
.

KdiKos,

teal,

both

KdXds,

-77,

-<$',

and.

-ov, in. the Calcus, a river in

Mysia, flowing by Pergainus (VIII.

532.)
-on-, f. Caenae, a town in
Mesopotamia on the Tigris (HI.

Kaivai,

perhaps the ancient Assyrian

98)
Calah, mentioned in Genesis, x. n.

beautiful, fair, noble,

good; comp. KaX\i<av,

superl. AtoA.-

Aitrrot.

KaXus, (adv.) fairly, nobly, well,

na\ws tx ftv to be well (lit. in a
KdXsuperl.
good condition ')
XlOTO.
KdXirr], -?;$, f. Calpe, a river and town
in Bithynia : its ruins are marked
by two harbours called Kerpeh.
'

>

KaXxiSovta,

-as,

f.

Calchedonia, the

round Calchedon.
KdXxT]8wv, -ofos, f. Calchedon, a
district

town in Bithynia.
Kojivw, 7 labour, am weary,

am

sick;

fut. Kaftovfuii, perf. /ctK/ujjra, 2 aor.

Oi Kafwovrts, the sick.
tKafMV.

Kd-rrvos, -ov,

KaO-opdu, 7 7oo& down upon, behold ;

tpyov.)

6o.)

K.

m. a

(/co/fox,

mtis.)

KdXtu, 7

a track.)
(Lat.

Kavffai,

n. pi. teaKa, evils, misfortunes.

KdKovpYb>, 7 do evil ; with ace.

shield.

iTtocrav, 3 pi. imperat. of

ia>, iu>v,

fut.

aor. (Kavaa, perf. pass. Ktieavfiat.

KdKiovs, nom. pi. of KCLKIOW, contr.
for Kaitiovts.

hinder.

ai

opportunity.
KaiToi, and yet.
Kaiw, 7 burn, kindle;

m. smoke.

KdppdiTivdi, -uiv, f. pi. dioes (of undressed leather), brogues.

Kap8ouxoi. m. the Carduchians, a
hill

tribe

in

Armenia,

now

the

Kurds, or Kurdistan.

Kapirdia, -as, f. the Carpaian, a mimic

dance among the Thcssaluns.
Kdpiros, -ov,

m. fruit.

Kdpvov, -ov, a nut, chestnut.

Kara, prep, with gen. and ace. (root
meaning down). I. with gen. L

VOCABULARY.
down from, down

in

ii.

down

Kar-(i\rj(f>a., I aor. pa^s.

i.

i aor. Kar-t\afiov.

upon,
of place,
down along, along, among, about;
Kara ~ff\v teal KaraL 6d\arrav, by
II.

against.

with ace.

land and sea : ii. of time, as

rovrov rbv xpvvov, at this time

go down

to the sea

fut.

Be-

down,

descend,

disclose;

earth.)
fut.

-aoi, 2 perf.

-ea^ya.

I bring down, bring home,

restore; fut. -aa>.

throw

aor. tcar-tppuf/a,

-ffKsvdJo), I prepare, furnish; fut.

-ffKfvaaea.
Kara, downright.)

KaTa-aKT)vo), -aw, or -ow, 7 />//cA W2>

/en/, encamp.
(Kara, down on the
ground, and fficfjin], tent.)

KaTa-cr<j)dJa),

slaughter,

kill,

1 aor.

pass. KaT-tff<pdyr]v.

cleave asunder, burst

open (ras irv\as)

KaTa-T(0T)(xi.,

Ka.T-a.YG>,

-we-

fut.

7 Awr/ down,

scatter

Ka.ra-a")(il<a,

I break ;

fut.

JT(TOI'.

Ta-ppiiTTto,

fut. -ay-ff\S>, -7777<i\a.

Ka.T-a,YW|u,

down;

/a/>

7 /aW </ow

KaT<x-Y.os, -oi', underground, subterranean. (Kara, beneath, and 777, the

fut.

deposit;

lay

fut. -<j-)(iaa).

down,

establish,

*ar-

aor.

-Orjffcu,

fOrjKa.

Ka/ra-oiuKU), / pursue

close

fut. -Siw-

KaTa-Tplxw,

rw

rfown

fut.

-Spafj.uvfj.ai, 2

f.
Kara-Svco, (intrans. and Mid.) I sink
down; perf. -SfSvKa, 2 aor Kar-tSw

Ka.Ta-0edop.ai.,

down upon,
-6(dao(Mi.

look
fut.

watch, observe;

aor. Kar-eSpaiiov.
KaTa-c^ayttv, i aor. infin. with pres.

(trans.) in fut. Kara-Svffca, and I aor.

Ka.T-(8vffa, I cause to sink, sink.

Kara-Ocu, 7 run down; fut. -OfvffOfMU.

Kara-Kaito, 7 burn down ; fut. -Kavatu.
KaTa-Ktijiai, 7 lie down; fut. -Ktiffo-

I shut

in,

enclose;

fnt.

tip

fut.

-KO^O).

KaTa-KTaojxai, 7 get or gain for myself; fut.

aor.

Kar-tKTtiva, 2 aor. -ticravov.

Kara-KuXvio), 7 keep back

(iti\v(a,

KaTa-Xap.j3d.vio,

overtake, find

KaT-O-0io>,

fut.

a/

>

-^

-Xtyopai, perf.

devour;

/,

fut.

AoW, maintain ; reach,

aTaKa6-tca and

fut.

compel;

Kar-iexov.

(Kard =

downright.)
Kar-riY ?***" -^
(with gen.) ;

s#i

against,

accuse

fut. -rjyop-fjffu.

7 ca/m, appease ;

aor

-rjpepiaa.

-oiKiau,

7 found (a

fut.

-opvv,

perf.

city)

aor. -tpKiaa..

KaT-opvTTW, 7
catch,

Kaff-

Kar-fSoiJ.ai, 2 aor. -ifpayov.

KaT-cxi5oj,

fut. -KcuAv-

I prevent.)
7 seize upon,

opata.

KaT-T)p6p.t5a),

-ter-fiao/jiai.

Kara-Kxtivw, I kill; {ut.-KTtvw,

exhibit

(Mid.) 7 appear; fut. -(pavu.

Ka,T-taa, I aor. of Kar-ayvvfj.1.
KaT-eiSov, 2 aor. with pres.

ffxqcra!, 2 aor.

-K\tiff<a.

Kara-Koirrw, 7 cut down, cut

/ show,

KaTO-<j>aivo), (Act-)

KaT-xw

fUU,

K<iTa-K\uu>,

ffoo.

s/ay behind; fut. -[itvSi,

aov/MJt, perf. -irtirrwua, 2 aor. jfar-

-flrjffoiMt,

I denounce,

fut.

behind;

aor. tcar-efttiva.

Ta-injSdw,

2 aor. Kartfinv.

Ka.T-aYYXA<i>,

tvw,
I

iii.

fore an aspirated vowel Kara becomei

KO.Q', as tcaO' fmipav, daily.

KaTa-j3aivw, / come down,

/eafff

Ka

-\etya), 2 aor. nar-i\nrov.

speed (see ava Kparos), Kara \6\ovs,

by companies. In Composition, down,
utterly, against.

KaTa-\iirw,

ard

(especially) according to, as regards;

Kara Kpdros, by force or at full

downright or

205

6f/ry

fut.

-op&pvx<*, perf. pass, -op&pvynat.

below.
, (adv.) down, downwards,

VOCABULARY.

206
n.

-droj,

Ka/Gfxa,

heat.

KCXio-tra,

burn.)
Kauai|ios, -ov, fit for burning, conbtistible.

Kavarpos,
the

little

not

to

-on,

m. Cayster, a

known
be

river in

of Phrygia:
confounded with the
interior

well-known Cayster, which

flows

into the sea at Ephesus.

Kavorpov TrtSt&v, the plain of Caytown in the
ster, an important

not to be conPhrygia
founded with the Cayster-plains near
The northern road from
Ephesus.
Byzantium, and the western from
Sardis, joined here on the route to
interior of

Iconium and Syria

(I.

63).

Used

as

of ri&rnu, = 7 am placed.
KeXaival, -wi>, f. Celaenae, a town
Phrygia, east of Colossae (I. 53).

in

Kip.ai,

fut. Kflffo/jai.

lie;

order, bid, command; fut.

I aor. tKt\evffa.

nt\tva<>),

-6v, empty, void.

KtvTpiTtjs, -on, m. the Centrites,

KCVOS,

Cilictan

woman

= there

infin

is

fut.

an

danger.)

m. danger,

KI; 8iJvos, -on,

Kivt'o),

7 move

risk.

fut. Ktvrjffw.

KXcavSpos, -ov, m. Oleander, a Lacedaemonian harmost or governor in

'

'

Byzantium.
KXcdvcop, -opot, m. Cleanor, an Arcadian general (IV. 66).

KXcapxos, -ov, m. Clearchus, chief of

the Greek generals in Cyrus' army:
a Spartan commander in the Peloponnesian war, afterwards condemn-

He

Cyrus, and was killed by

treachery of Tissaphernes.
KXctOpov, -ov, n. a bolt, bar,
(K\('KU,
joined

shut.)

K\tio>,

-T),

a risk that 7 ... (with

KivSwfvou. (nlvovvos,

ed to death for disobedience.

pass,

xcXcvib),

-rjs, f.

Kl\iaaa, the Cilician Queen, Epyaxa (I. 67).

Kiv8uvvco, 7 incur danger, run a risk;

fut.

shut;

K(K\dKa,

perf.

*Xff<r,

pass.

perf.

&f\</M and

eastern tributary of the Tigris di-

viding Armenia from the country

of the Carduchi (IV. 370).

'Ayopa, -as, f. Ceramorum

Agora, a town on the frontiers of
Mysia (I. 63).
Ktpas, Ktpaii (Kfp5.rot), n. a horn
the wing of an army,
titl Ktpas
to
ayfiv, to lead in column ; lit.

Kcpajiciiv

'

towards

lead

the

wing," f. e.
facing to the right (or left), instead
of marching with a broad front.
all

ijt,

7 care for (with

iiicof,

gen.).

a honey-comb.
m. a herald.

KT)pVTTw, 7 proclaim, announce;

-TJS, f. theft,

Kvc<)>as,

-ao, and

twilight.

(Cp.

(XJTTW.)
-ovs,

ff(pot,
in pi.

n.

darkness,

a cloud. )

-iSos, (.,
leg armour,
(KvtjfiTi, the shin-bone.)
greaves.
KoiXo?, -rj, -ov, hollow.

Kvi]|xCs,

7 put

Koip.da>, (Act.)

I fall

asleep

to sleep

(Mid.)

fut. Koif^ffea.

-as,

f.

Cilicia,

coiner of Asia Minor.

the

(KOIVOS, common.)
KoXd^u, 7 punish ; fut.

ico\aff<u,

perf.

pass. K(Ku\a<T/jai.

KoXoo-o-ai,
fut.

in

Phrygia

S.

E.

-Siv,

f.

(I.

50).

Colossae, a

town

-/5os, f. Colchis, a country at

the eastern extremity of the Black

KoX\iS,

Kijpvfta, perf. pass. Kderipvyfiat.

KiXiKia,

K\OTTT|,

public cost.
KOIVUVOS, -ov, m. a sharer, partner.

KT)piov, -ov, n.
Kfjpvi{,

perf.

tc\tycu,

-ft, cawing headache.

head, and oXyo*, pain.)
{. the head.

Cerasus, a

K)>aX-aXYqs,
K4>a\T),

fut.

steal;

TO Kotvbv,
icoivos, -17, -6v, common.
the community : euro KOIVOV, at the

Kcpacrovs, -ovvrot,
in Pontus (VI.
pa).

KT}8op.ai,

town

f.

(tff(/xiAr),

K(K\o<pa, perf. pass. K(ii\(/.ifJ.at.

icXi|xa, -&KOS, f. a ladder.

Sea.

VOCABULARY.
-an>, m. the Colchians or the
people of Colchis.
KoXcovo?, -ov, m. a mound.

K6\xoi,

Kop.iu, (Act.) I fetch, bring; (Mid.)

I return ;
KOVIO.TOS,

aor. (Koffiaa.

-6v, plastered.

-(],

(itovta,

lime-dust.)

m. a cloud of dust.
and opvvfu, I raise.)
Koirpos, -ov, m. dung.
KOITTW, I cut down, knock ; fut. Kojf/<a.
KoviopTos,

-ov,

(KOVIS, dust,

KopvXas,

m. Corylas,

-a,

of
inde-

ruler

Paphlagonia, and aiming at

pendence from Persia (VI. 323).
-T}S, f.

Kopv4>T|,

good

town

n.

KoTuciipa, -eav,
in Pontus.
-17,

Cotyora,

KpuTcu, (with gen.)

m. a goblet,

(ntpav-

vv^u, I mix.)

Kpanffrot,

most

strongest,

best,

-rj,

-ov,

noblest; used as superl. of a-yaOus.

-ovs, n. strength; Kara tcparos,
with all one's might,

i.e. at full speed.

f.

-fjs,

conceal

A/rfe,

fut. Kpfyo),

aor. pass. ixpv(p0r]v.

KTaopai, 7 acquire, gain, possess;

fut.

KTi7<ro/i(, perf. Kticrrjfiai.

KTcCvu, 7 iti//, s/fly, />w/ /o </z/&

fut.

aor.

passive

die,

is

For the

ticTtiva.

BvrjffKOi),

used.

n.

-ovs,

cattle, beasts

property; (plural)
of burden.
(KTOO/MU,

acquire.)

of KTao/jat.

m. a steersman,

-ou,

pilot,

o/ or /rowi Cyzicus,

KvfiKT]v6s, -^, oi',

a town in the Propontis.

KvJiKTjvos, sc. ffrarrjp, a Cyzicene, or

gold coin of Cyzicus, worth about a

Napoleon, i6s.
Cyzicus, a peninsula

f.

and town on the Propontis or Sea of

shout,

shout.)
Kpcas, aros, n. flesh, meat.

(xpafa,

m. a

KiJicXos, -ov,

all

dvci Kpdros,

Kpa-vyf],

(Kpivca,

Marmora.

bravely, best.

KpaTvoros,

trial,

perf. KtKpvtya, perf. pass. Kt/cpvpnai,

KiJ^iKog, -ov,

KpaTMrra, adv. of

f.

(Lat. gubernator.)

strength.)

Kporos,

Kpvirrw, 7

KvppW|Tr)S,

rule, conquer,
get possession of, (with ace.) hold,
fut.
keep;
(tcparos,
Kpar-fjaea.

-fjpos,

-us,

judge.)
Kporos, -ov, m. a noise (produced by
striking), clapping of hands.
Kpovco, 7 strike, clash ; fut. upovaos.

KTr|o-op.ai, fut.

Kovcjxds, (adv.) lightly, nimbly.

Kpdvos, -ovs, n. a helmet.

KpaTTjp,

KeKptfjuii, I aor. pass. tKpiOrjv.

Kpieris,

-ov, light, nimble.

fut. KptvSi, perf. Kticptita, perf. pass.

KTTJVOS,

discipline.

Kov4>os,

7 judge, distinguish, consider

Kpivci),

KrevSi,

top,

-ov,

Koo-p.ws,

summit.
orderly, under

207

round,
KVK\6o>, 7

lit-

circle,

in

ring ; KVK\O>,

circle.

surround;

encircle,

fut.

KVK\uffca.

KvXiv8o, 7 roll.
KWIO-KOS, -ov, m. Cyniscus,
in

governor

a Spartan

the Chersonese.

Generally

Kvpos, -ov, m. Cyrus the younger, the

second of the two sons of Darius

KptiTTwv, -ov, stronger, better, superior; from Kparvs, but used as

compar. of a/ya06s.
7 hang (used as Mid. of
i,

killed at Cunaxa, 8.0.401.

(Cyrus the Great founded the Persian
monarchy, took Babylon, and released the Jews, 538 B.C.)

in pi. TO. Kpia.

fiavvvfii)
),

-q,

-T)S,

-^s,

KpiOivos,

f.
f.

-rj,

fut. i:pt/.ir;ao/j.ai.

Nothus;

KViiiv,

KVVOS,

a fountain, spring.

canis,

barley (often in pi.).

7
KCO\VO>,
KcaXvao).

-ov,

olvos KpiOivos, lit.

beer or whisky.

made of

barley.

'

barley wine,'

i.

e.

m. and

f.

a dog.

(Lat.

Eng. hound.)

KcLjiT), -qs,

hinder,
f.

village.

prevent

fut

VOCABULARY.

208

XCUKOS,

A.

XTIY^I

Aaj3Tv, Xafjaov,
of \afj.pdvai.

2 aor. infin.

and

part.

white.

-17, -(5v,

cease, leave off'; fut.

A^w.

7 plunder, ravage.

Xi]i$o|jiav,

(Ana,

plunder.)

AaYXavu, / obtain by

lot,

obtain, get

ft t.

\rjo/juii, perf. (i\r]\a, perf. pass.

(t\rjypai, 2 aor. f\a^ov.

Ad6pa, secretly, (with gen.) without

the knowledge of.
AaKtSaipdvios, -a, -ov, Lacedaemonian, or inhabitant of Lacedaemon
or Sparta, in Peloponnesus.
nobles were called Spartans.

The
All

-W, wws/ 6e

ATJITTOS, -a,
adj. of Aa/i/Sdfo;.

/n^,

m. a robber.

-ou,

verbal

(Aej'a,

XTJO-W, fut.
XT)t|/o(xai, fut.

of Aa/x/Sdcw.

XiOos, -ov, m. a stone.

XIJATJV, -vos, m. a harbour, haven.
Xtjios, -oC, in. hunger,

famine.

m. a word,

Spartans were Lacedaemonians, but

all Lacedaemonians were not
Spar-

Xoyos,

tans.

\6f\T], -rjs, f. a spear-head, lance.

XoiSopcw, 7 rail at, abuse; fut. Aoi-

XCIKKOS, -ov, m.

hole,

(Lat.

pit.

locus.)

Xap.fjdvu>, 1 take, seize, receive,

gen. take hold of):

perf. tt\rj<pa, perf.
2 aor. i\a$ov.

AafxirpoTTjs,

f.

brightness,

Lampfacns, a town
of Mysia on the
Hellespont, now Lamsaki, nearly
f.

opposite Gallipoli (VIII. 485).

(Act.) I lie hid, escape
notice, (with ace.) escape notice of,
hence with part. (I do a thing)

Xav6dv<i>,

unawares;

(Mid.) 7 forget;

\$aa),

perf.
\4\rj0a,
perf.
\i\rjafjuii, 2 aor. (\aOov.

Aax<ov, 2 aor. part, of

I say, speak ;
Ata, perf. pass.
I

\ayxav

fut.

A^o>,

fut.

pass.

part,

m. a

eminence.

-ov, m. Lycius, an Athenian

cavalry officer (IV. 152).

AVKIOS,

-twos, m. Lycon, an Achaean

one of the deputies sent to Heraclea

AVKUV,

(VII. 43).
XVTTCOI,

I grieve, pain,

distress,

(\vinj,

grief.)

grief, sorrow.
Xvmrj, -ijt,
\v<a, I loose, release, (of oaths and
treaties) 7 break; (Mid.) 7 redeem,
f.

perf.

aor.

(Lat. reliqui.)
hill,

Xoxayos, -oO, a captain, (\6xos, a

company, and ^yiofMt, I lead.)
Xoxos, "Ov, m. a company (generally
of a hundred men).
AvBia, -as, f. Lydia, in Asia Minor.

ransom;

>-

fut.

pass.

Aww,

AcAv/MU,

perf. \f\vKa,
i aor. pass.

(\v0rjv.

M.

booty, spoil.
Xciiroi, 7 leave, forsake, abandon; fut.
Afloat, perf. \t\oina, 2 aor. cAdror.
f.

XcXcivj/Ofjiai,

paulo-post

fut.

perf. of \(imu.
XcvKo-0upa|, -a/to, m.' and

of

\(iirca.

XtXonra,

a white

remaining, left; TO

-(5i',

(l) (subst.) the remaining

(a) (adv.) henceforward; ol

\oiitov,

\oiirol, the rest.

Aa|ii|/aKT]v6$, -ov, m. a Lampsacene,

or inhabitant of Lampsacus.

AduvJ/aKos, -ov,
in the north

Xoiiros, -^,

X64>os, -ov,

t"t

pass.

-rrros,

(with

fut.

splendour (Ka.ft.irpot. bright).

Xdp.ir<i>, I shine, gleam; fut. Kantyw.

Xcia, -as,

speech, report;
a conference. (A7<u, 7 speak.)

in pi.

SopTjatu.

Adxcov, -uvos, m. a Laconian, a free

citizen of the country near Sparta.

XY U

-ov,

breastplati.

f.

wearing

m. the Maeander, a
MaiavSpos,
river between Lydia and Caria (I.
-ov,

47)ai, 7 am maJ; perf. nt'/^ra

(with pres. meaning), 2 aor. pass.

VOCABULARY.
Maio-do'T]s, -ov, in. Maesades, king of
Thrace, father of Seuthes (VIII.

137)MaKicrrtos,

comparative of (ttyas (for

|xeij[(i)v,

-ov,

N.

Elis in the

W.

of Peloponnesus.

p.aKp6s, -a, -ov, long, great, large;

comp. (MKpuTfpos,

super!.

fJUiKpo-

TO.TOS (also ftaaatuv, /j.rjKtffros).

comp. adv. further.

MaKpcoves, -oui/, m. the Macrones, a
tribe of Pontus, bordering on the
(laKpo-repov,

Euxine.

much, very; comp. p.a\Xov,

more, superl. |A<iXioTa, most, especiWith numerals, at most, i. e.
ally.

p.dXa,

about.
(j.av0dvoj,

learn,

understand;

perf. ne^dOrjaa,

fjLa6ri<TOnat,

fut.

aor. infin.

p.ivcu,

(Comp. of (impos.)
MeXavBiTcu, m. the Melandltae, or
inhabitants of Melandia in Thrace,
N. W. of Byzantium.
p.t\as,

fj.f

\atva, /xXaf, black;

a prediction, oracle.
MavTivtis, -uiv, m. Mantineans, or
natives of Mantinea, in Arcadia.
f.

m. a prophet,

-(us,

comp.

ft(\dvrtpos, superl. /ieXdi/raTO*.

|xc\ci, (impers.) it concerns, is a care to,
(with dat.) as pf\et poi, it is a care
to

me,

e. 7 care ;
7 practise ;

fut. /uXijfffj.

i.

[xeXfrdcj,

fut.

fi(\er^au.
kind of corn

millet, a

f.

smaller than maize.

delay

jxavreia, -as,

of /wViw.

-cw, -ov, smaller, less, inferior.

(j.eicov,

i aor.

(fM00V.

of Zeus.

title

(AcXivrj, -TJS,

m/W, gracious,

-a, -OK,

m. a Macistian, or
inhabitant of Macistus, a town of

p,dvns,

209

am
fut.

about to do,

intend,

TO

fjifKXov,

/\A.^<r<u

the future.
i,

7 remember ;
in

perf. pass, of
sense, fut.

middle

sooth'

/Ae

p,tv, lit.

sayer.

(Aapcrnros, -ov,

m. a

7 a/n a witness,

(jtaprvplo),

testify,

(pdprvs, a witness.) [Eng. martyr.]

MapwveCTrjS, -ov, m. a Maronean, or
native of Maronea, in Thrace.
liaaTi-yow, 7 scourge, flog; fut. /taaTiyuffw,
(i*daTi, a scourge.)
\na\aipa, -as, f. scimetar, sabre.
), -i;s,

a fight,

f.

_/frs/

hand (answered

fcflj'.

place,

by

on the one

8)

often

rendered by a stress on the preceding word. "O uiv, the one . . . &
the other,

8,

of

uiv, some

ol

5J, others.

however; certainly.
(trans.) wait for;

JJUVTOI,
|xcv(o,

7 remain,

fut.

perf.

Itti/o),

battle.
fut.

Mcvcov, -twos, m. Menon, one of the

Greek generals, a Thessalian (I.

rpcirus, magnificently; comp.

-tarfpov, superl. -fOTara.
(Adv.

58).
p.pos, -of s, n. a part, share ; division
(of army)
specimen.
p.o-r]p.ppLa, -as, f. mid-day.
(Lat.

ai,

of

(with dat.)
perf. /te^d^/iai.

./Jg'fa

from

(ntyaXo-irpcntfS,

great, and

irpiirfi,

it

is

(jit-yas,

conspicu-

ous.)

mertdies.)

cYdpcv;, -tais, m. n Megarean, or

native of Megara on the Isthmus,
north of Corinth.

uyas,

fJ,tya\r),

fj.tfa,

great, large,

important, (of sound) /ow<f ; comp.

fiti^uv, superl. niyioros.

I am drunk; fut. -vow.

pure wine, Lat. mervm.)

icOvco,

(i*(0v,

(jLecro-Yaios, -a, -oi*,

terior.
(ntffos,

midland, the inand 717,

middle,

land.)
-;,

l-u'cros,

-ov, middle,

midst,

(Lat.

medius) ; rb ptaov, the centre (of

an army), fJ-fffrj fj^tpa, or fifffov
f)H(pas, mid-day.
-)J, -6v,full (with gen.)
,

VOCABULARY.

210
)i(T&, prep,

with gen. and ace. [root

meaning, 'in the middle' (/<ros).]

I. with gen. with, in company with.
Obs.
II. with ace. next to, after.
pera. ravra, after these things, but

ptra, TOVTCUV, with these (men).

In Composition, i. sharing with ; ii.
after (with verbs of motion), as
p( ra-Tffpiropai iii. change, as ptraftyvuffKO), I change my mind.
;

|xcra-}xtXci,

dat.)

fut.

impers.

it

repents (with

-p\riffd.

l.

as

Mid. \itra-

send for,

summon ;
far

the
not,
dependent
negative
answering roughly to Lat. ne; i.
as
el pi),
with
other
not,
particles,
if not, unless;

not to with

or

'iva.

lest

infin. as

that not, or

ii.

opvvpi

pi) fX tlv <

I swear that I have not,

Ai5o>
iroKiv, I bid you not to do it;

oiootm

or

lest

pi) iroii7<rjjs,

you may do ;

so

7 fear

that

=from

after

-fpla, -iv, no one,

(lit.

pij&i

(It,

(lit.

not even

M-qSia, -as, f. Media, south of the

Caspian, west of the Tigris.
M-qSoKos, -ov, m.Meddcus, king of the
Odrysians in Thrace (VIII. 141).

m. Medosddes,

Thracian, envoy of Scathes (VIII.

no longer.

f.

the mother-city

capital.
fut.

contrive, plan, devise;

-rjaopai,

ptpj) \dvrj pat.

perf.

a device.)
f.
means,
-7)s,

(pr)\avi),

trivance.

device,

con-

(Lat. machina.)

of

fls, one.

m. Mithridates, a
Persian satrap of Cappadocia (IV.

Mi6pi8drr|S, -ov,

-ov, small, little.

-<i,

Comp.

pueportpos, (\arTOJV and pticov :

sup. pitcporaros and
t\dxtffros,

some

n,

(Act.)

|U|xvT|o-K<i>,

little

(money).

7 remind, (Mid.) 7

remember, mention,

fut.

pvf]cropat,

perf.pepvnpat, with present meaning.

7 hate; fut. -j'jatu. (picrot,
|uo-f(i>,
hatred.)

m. a pay-master.
and oiSupt, I give).
m. pay, reward.
'Ov,

(xt<T0o-86Trjs,

\ptff6os, pay,

Hi(r96s, -oC,

p.vrioro(iai, fut.

of piptrfiffKO}.

p.6\is, (adv.) with difficulty.

jiovov, (adv.) only (properly neot.

o/

p6vot).
fiovos,

-T),

-ov, alone, only.

MocrcrvvoiKoi, -<w, m. the Mossynoeci,

a people in Asia Minor, on the Black

west

of

wooden tower,

Trapezus
OIK tea,

(p6<raw f

dwell).

pv<i>, 7 suck in, lit. 'drink in with

closed lips.'
(pv, mute.)
MvpiavSpos, -ov, f. Myriandrus, a

town between
(I.

ber,

Issus

and Antioch

165).

pvpicis, -dSoi,

117).
JITJKCTV, (adv.)

p.TjTpo-iroXis, -tews,

Sea,

ever).

-ov,

a mother.

{.

Kara, ptiepov, in small portions.

imper. or aor. subj. as pi) void, do

not do it (as a habit), pi) -noways,
d? not do it (now).
*T)5, (conj). neither, nor, not even.
not even one.)
p.T)8(iroTt, (adv.) never

but.

pixp6v

wottiv, I hinder you from doing ; v.

in directly forbidding, with pres.

Mi)8o<ra8T)s,

iii.

verbs of hindering, as muAva> at pi)

iTjStts,

pi)

with participle, if not, as pi) iroiSrv,

= tl pi) iroift; iv.
if he does not do
that, or lest, after verbs of fearing,
as

only not

[XT|r]p, -rput,

pi), di* pi), oirais

;

teal

jiT|7roT, (adv.) never, (pi) and TTOT^.)

[XT]pds. -ov, m. the thigh.
.
. .
pjrf,
(iTjre, (prj, T(), nor; prjrf
neither . . . nor ; p'qrt . . . Tt, not

jita, fern,

HT|,

pi), that not,

p.T|v,

(rrjxavT|,

prep. %vith gen., up to, as

also conjunction, until.

(Lat. vero)

moreover.
pt)v6t, a month.

pr)v,

(iT]xavao(jLo.i,

n-irw, generally in
irc|xiro|i<u,
fut. -TTf^'Of^at.

truly indeed.

p.T|v,

f.

a myriad.

ten

thousand in num-

VOCABULARY.
ten thousand; [vupCoi,

[0,-upioi, -at, -a,

numberless.

countless,

by accents.)
Mysia, the
province of Asia Minor.

Mvaia,

f.

-as,

jjio)p6s, -d, '6v,

v6|Ufios,

~q,

customary,

-ov,

W.

N.

vojxos, -ov, ni. custom, law.

m. contr. voOs, vov, etc
mind, thought, intention.

vdos, -ov,

f.

v6<ros, -ov,

foolish.

disease, sickness.

VOTOS, -ov, m. the south wind.

N.

fut. -f5o"o.

vat, (adv.) yes.

a woody

vain], -77*,
vdiros, -ovs, n.

dell, glen.

commander of

the

ni.

(vv

the night, bivouac

(vavs, a ship,
fleet, an admiral,
and ap\ca, I command.)
ov ustfi'l for shipvav-irr)Y 11 <n |lo S>
(vavs, and wfjyvvfu, I
building,

.)

vvv, (adv.) now. (Lat. nunc.)

= vaiTT).

vaiJ-ap^os, ov,

(Lat.

Notus.)

WKTcpevia, I pass
f.

usual

(Distinguish

o vvv

Xpovos, the present time.

f.
night; VVKTOS, by night,
rfjv vvKTa, all night long.
VWTOV, -ov, n. the back.
vvj, VVKTOS,

'

>

B.

fasten.)
va(3s, v(dis, pi. vrjts,

vaviriKos,

-17,

f.

-6v, naval,

vsavicTKo?, -ov,

SevCas, -ov, m. Xenias, a general from

Arcadia, who deserted Cyrus (I.

ship.

(vavs, ship.)

m. a young man, a

167).
EV(CO,

youth.

vcxpos, -ov, m. a dead body, corpse.

vt|A, (i) / distribute, (2) divide as
.

pasture, hence Pass.

v(/j.fffQai, to

be

v(Vfftr)/j.tva, meat
divided, i.e. slices of meat, fut. vtyaa,

grazed on

npia

Hevo4>uiV,

perf. vtvifajKa, I aor. tvet/jia.

veo-Bapros, -ov, newly flayed,

new, and Septa, I flay.)

(veos,

fut.

vtvaopai.

m. Neon, an Asinaean,
and opponent of Xenophon.
VIKO.W, 7 conquer, overcome, prevail;
successor of Cheirisophus,

fut. VlK-fjOO).
f. victory,
conquest.
perceive, observe ; fut. voiycrw,

viKi], -rjs,

aor. Ivorjffa. (yoos, mind.)

7 consider, think; I

vojAifw,

fv6i*!cra,

perf.

ra vomtfutva,
'

((viffa.

-3>VTOS,

m. Xenophon, an

his

shoulders.

Xenophon was

-cavos,

aor.

opposed to the popular

government at Athens, and an admirer of the Spartan oligarchy he
was therefore glad to leave Athens
in 401 and join Cyrus, on the invitation of his friend Proxenus, a
Theban, whose acquaintance he had
made when he was a prisoner at
Thebes.
After the murder of
Clearchus he was made commander
In the spring of 399
of the army.
he gave over the army to Thibron
the Spartan and returned to Athens,
Socrates had been put to death, and
Xenophon was banished for having
joined Cyrus, an ally of the Spartans.
He then fought in Asia under the
Spartan king Agesilaus, and on the

bow-string.

void),

strongly

vevcrojjuu, fut. of vlo>.

v(j>\T|, -r)s, f. a cloud, mist.

Nwv,

entertain,

Athenian, born B.C. 444, a pupil of

Socrates, who carried him out of
the battle of Delium (B.C. 424)

on

Comp.
young.
vewrtpos; super), vcairaros.
a
for
a
cord
f.
sinew,
vcupa, -as,
sling,
vcos, -a, -ov, fresh,

V(o, I swim,

(evos, a guest-friend.)
|vu>s, -a, -ov, hospitable ; neut. pi,
tvia, friendly gifts, presents.
vos, -ov, m. a guest-friend, stranger.

pass.
rites

aor.

vtv6ijuafmt.

of

burial,

lit.

the things considered usual.'

P I

VOCABULARY.

112

of the latter to Greece he

even fought on hit side against his
own countrymen at Coronea, B.C.
394, for which the Spartans rewarded
him with a gift of land near Olym-

return

He

lived there till 371, and

went to Corinth, where he

pia.

then

died, probably

about 355.

Besides

the Anabasis, his chief works are

(1) the Hellenica, a Greek history
for forty-eight years, ending with
the battle of Mantinea, B.C. 362
(2) Memorabilia, or memoirs of So;

crates'conversations ; ($)Cyropaedia,
or the education of the elder Cyrus,

founder of the Persian monarchy.

In the Hellenica he attributes the
authorship of the Anabasis to one
Themistogenes of Syracuse, probably a nom de plume for himself.

-ov, m. Xerxes, king of Persia,

he inI (Hystaspes)
vaded Greece, and was defeated at
Salamis, B.C. 480.
i<}>os, -ovs, n. a sword.
v\tvos, -rj, -or, wooden. (fvXov.)
v\ov, -ov, n. wood.

Hpr]S,

son of Darius

olSa, 7 know, perf. used as pres., from

fTSov (2 aor. with pres. opatu).
Plural tffptv, larf, taaffi, imperat.
"aBi.

oiKelos, -a, -ov, domestic; ot olxfTot,

one's family, lit. ' those at home.'

7 dwell, live, (trans.) inhabit

fut. oiicfiffu, perf. pass. <aKrjfJ.ai.

O'IKCCO,

a dwelling, house.
oliaa, -as, f. a house.
OIK if a> 7 found, settle ; I aor. ytciaa,
oiKT|(ia, -O.TOS, n.

perf. wKiajj.a.1.

oiKoOev, (adv.) /rowi AOJH*.

(of/fos,

home.)
OIKOI, (adv.) a/ Aom.
locative case of ottos.

m. a

-ov,

ottcos,

Properly

house, home.

(Lat

V/CKS.)

See oio^iai.
m. wine.

oT|xai.

(Lat. vtnum.)

olvos, -ov,

oivoxoos, -ov, m. a cup-bearer. (oTvot,

and X* 4*! I pour.)
oiop.ai, contr. otfiai, / think, suppose ;
fut. olrjaofuu, I aor. yrjOrjv, imperf.

olos, -a,

5or/ p/, (swcA) as.

-oj', U//U2/

(Lat. qualis.)
able ; ol6v ri
OLS, oi'ds,

ri

ol6s

tan,

tipi,

7 am

it is

possible.
sheep (Lat. oir/s) ; ace. pi.

f.

oft.

o.
i

am

oixopcu, 7

(i) the def. art. the ; (2) pronoun he, she, as o 8t tlntv, and he

gone, I depart;

fut.

>), T<5,

said.

6|3XCcrKos, -ov, m. a

little spit

or spear.

ouovos, -ov, m. (i) a large bird, bird

of prey : hence (2) an omen.
6xXa<o, 7 bend the knee, crouch down;

6ySoT)KovTa, eighty.

58,

%$(, r6S(, this, properly, this one

It often refers to what is

here.

coming, as Z\(t raSt , he spoke as

follows.

o86s, -ov,

f.

a way, road, journey, ex-

'O8pv<n)S, -ow, m. an Odrysian, or one

of the Odry&ae, a Thracian tribe

whom

or

which.
(adv.)

homt.)

oXtcrai, I aor.

act. of oXAv/u.
few, small; 0X170$

iuilii.

-ov,

-17,

na.itiv,

rA.77d
blow*.

oXurOdvu, 7

(viii. 139)-

50v, (adv.) whence; from

from

unwillingness.
oKxaicis-xtAioi, -at, -a, eight thousand.
OKTU, eight.
(Lat. octo.)

6X1705,

pedition.

oitca8,

OKVOS, -ov, m. a shrinking, reluctance,

slip;
aor. wXtaOov.

oXos,

homewards.

(oticot,

-i),

strike

fut.

too

few

oKiaOrfaca,

-ov, whole, entire.

6(ia\6s, -^,
5(iT)po$,

to

-(Ji',

ov,

even, level, smooth.

m. a

hostage.

VOCABULARY.
f. a mist, fog.
7 swear; i aor. uftoffa,

OTTOJS,

whenever, with opt.

where, wherever.
(i) how: (a) in order that,

opdco,

*,

6p.ixXi], ->;,
o(Avv(jn,

6p.tijjj.oKa,

perf.

oiiwpoaiuu.

perf. pass.

o(j.oios, -a, -ov, //'fo.

(adv.) likewise, equally.

6|j.oicos,

/ acknowledge,

opoXoyoj,
agree

confess,

aor. infin. act. of

opwfu.

6|xoO, (adv.) together.

o|Xb>s, (adv.) ye/, nevertheless.

iewe/?/

fut. oj^ffw, I

aor.

aor. pass. uvrj0T)v.

ovo|xa, -arcs, n. a name.

ovoiiaori, (adv.) by name,

ovos, -ov, in. and f. an ass.
oirrj,

(adv.)

(I) where

(a) in what

f.

the

command

Snr\iaa, perf.

(oirKa, arms.)

fut. -(vatu, I serve as a

hoplite or heavy-armed soldier.
oirXiTtjs, -ot, in. a hoplite, or heavy-

soldier.

(oirXa, arms.)

arms

(Is

TO,

on\a,

arms, i. e. the place where the

arms were piled in camp.
to the

oiroi, (adv.) whither, where.

OTTOtos, -a, -ov,

what

sort cf.

(Lat.

qnalis.)

how great; in pi.

oTTOffoi, how many, as many as. Neut.
oiroow, as much as, as far as.

OTroeros,

-77,

-ov,

otTorav, whenever, with subj.

dv.)

perf.

upyia-

-6v,

-fi,

mountainous,

hilly

opttvol Qpanfs, the Hill Thracians.

(opos, a mountain.)

opOios,

-ov, upright, steep; TO

the slope;
opOwi \o\oi,

-a,

(troops in line).

</>aA.a"y

-6v, straight, upright.

-17,

m.

6'pOpos, -ov,

dawn.

the

7 bound,

(pnort,

(opQos.)

limit, define;

aor

uptffa, perf. pass. eupt<r/KU.

opiov, -ov, n. a boundary, frontier.

opKOS, -ov, m. an oath. (Lat. Orcus

'
the lower world/ by which they
swore.)
I incite; (2)
6p|xoLo>, (Act.) (i) (trans.)
(intrans.) rush; (Mid.) 7 set out;
fut. op/xijaeo, perf.

SipnqKa, perf. pass.

an impulse.)
6p|xcw, 7 lie at anchor ; fut. opurjaca,
imperf. wppow, aorist supplied by
opiu^ca.
opp-T],

6pt*.rj,

(oputl,

f.

impulse,

on the

moor ;

a harbour.)

(op/jiot,

-175,

6p|xio>,

oirXov, -ov, n. a heavy shield; mostly

tv rofs
pi. bir\a,
(heavy) arms,
on\ois, under

anger, passion.

7 am enraged;

up ny (MI.

oTfXiTvtt,

armed

opeivos,

opijco,

1 aor.

pass. &TT\io~nat.

that.

imperf. iw-

aor. dipyiaOrjv.

opOcos, (adv.) rightly.

(adv.) back.

/ arm;

-fjs, f.

6p96s,

6ma6o-<|>vXci, -a/cos, m. commander

of the rear-guard, pi. 6ma0o4>xiXais, the rear-guard.
6irXiu>,

Sif/ofMi,

companies in column, as opposed to

(ovop.a.)

6mo-9o-4>vXaKo, / guard the rear ;

fut. -rjffco. (uiriaOtv, and <pv\aaaaj,
I guard.)

OTcicra),

opyr\,

opfftov,

way, as.
6mo-(Uv, (adv.) behind.

6iricr0o-4>vXaida, -as,
of the rear-guard.

fut.

poiv, perf. fwpaiea, perf. pass. v///cu,

I aor. pass. w<f>6r)v, fut. pass. 6<pOr]-

fiai, I

uvrjffa,

see

6p-yio|ji.ai,

dvap, n. a dream ; pi. ovtipara (only

in nom. and ace.).
6vf|crci>, fut. of OVIVTJ/JU.
6vivT]pa,

o-irou, (adv.)

aofiat, 2 aor. tloov.

fut. -7j<r<w.

op-OCTcu,

213

(Act.)
I

movement

iv

start.

aor.

7 bring to anchor,
&p(uaa, (Mid.) 7 lie

at anchor,
(oppos, a harbour.)
opveov, -ov, n. a bird.

op vis, Wos, m. and

f.

bird, fowl.

'OpovTt]S, -ov, m. Orontes. (i) a

Persian put to death by Cyrus for
treachery (I. 228).
(2) a satrap ol

Armenia (IV. 250).

opos, -ous, n. a mountain.
opo<|>os, -ov,

m.

6pVTTW, 7 dig ;
pv\a,
adj. o

perf.

thatch, roof.
'

fut.

opvca, perf.

pass. opwpvyfMt,

opcavert>.

VOCABULARY.

214
5p4>av6s.

-TI,

an orphan.

-ov,

>pX<op.ai, I dance

opxT|(ns,

-ecus,

f.

orig.

fut. b

a dance.
f. a dancing
girl.
-ov, Orchomenian,

6pxi]OTpis, -iSos,
'Opxofitvios, -a,

or an inhabitant of Orchomenus, a
in Arcadia,

town
os,

o,

i],

pronoun) who, which

(rel.

often with the antecedent omitted,

he who, that which ; iv
(sc.

Xpovqi),
while.
oo-os,

during which (time),

i.e.

(pi.)

-ov,

(Lat. quot).
oo-os-irtp, oatj-vtp, oaov-irtp, as great

as

in pi. as

many

os-iip, ij-iT(p,
the one who.

o-Titp,

for

this.

OUTOS-I, avrrj-i, TOVTI, this here (Lat.

hic-ce).

OUTW, before a vowel ovrus,

so, thus.

See oi.
service,

benefit,

use,

(only

dat.

6x">, (Act.) 7 carry, (Mid.) 7 ride;

fut.

o^ffcw.

a vehicle, support.
a bank (of a river).

6xT|[Aa, -O.TOS, n.

when (with

ind.

and

opt.).

c>X^T]> -ns,

f.

OX^DS, -ov, m. crowd, people, (Lat.

vulgus); campfollowers of an army,

o^Ao? iraptxWt

neuter of corn.
6
is used
quam with superl., as o TI
as
as
w\tf(TTo,
possible.
See OS-TIS.
OTtp.

may

ovs, wros, n. the ear.

OWTC, neither, nor.

(fyo/Mi,
64>0oAp.6s, -ov, m. the eye.
I shall see; fut. with pres. opaoj.)

if OTOV (sc. \po-

UTIVI.

TI,

ov, dat.

who-

like Lat.

OVK

votop

sky.

used in nom. and ace.).

OTV, (conj.) (i) that; (2) because.

ov, RO/,

(ovpti, tail.)

oupaYos, -ov, m. heaven,

ovpavov = rain.

o<}>\os,

subj.).

now

m. the leader of the

-ov,

rear-guard,

who, which, just

OTOV, (conj.) whenever (always with

(conj.)

oupayos,

o\r%.

vov), since.

OT,

interrogative

ovirort, never.
ouirci), not yet.

as.

6<rirpiov, -ov, n. pulse,

OS-TVS, ij-Tis, o rt, who, which,
ever; gen. OTOV for OV-TIVOS,

OTW

OVKOW

OVTOS, avTTj, TOVTO, (dem. pronoun),

how great (Lat. quantus),

00-01, how many, as many as,

-??,

distinguished by accent.)
ovv, therefore, then (Lat. igitvr).

no (Lat. non) ; before a vowel

before an aspirate ovxof, ace. I, (pers. pron.) of him-

6\|/^,

to

g'* e trouble.

(adv.) late.

6v|;ios, -a, -ov, in the

evening,
w/w, the evening.)
f.
-tow,
appearance,
o4>is,

(oif/ia,

sc.

spectacle,
i,

sight,

(oi^o/xai.)

fut.

with

pres. op&ta.

n.

*elf.
f

(adv.) nowhere, in no way,

on no occasion.
ouSap.ws, no-how, by no means.
ovSc, (adv.) (i) but not, nor; ovrt . .

ov8a}XT|,

nor, (2) yet, not even.

ovoiv, no one, none ;
ovSiv, (adverbially), in no way, not
at all.
(ou5t fit, not even one.)

ov$t, neither

ou8is,

OUK.

ovotftia.,

-ov, n. the

v,

pancratium,

a contest in wrestling and boxing.

(iray, and Kparos, strength.)
irolOo?, -ovt, n. suffering;
o, rt
suffer.)
was the matter.

Tra0u>v,

-ovaa,

(vaffxoi,

TO itdOot

-ov,

aor.

tin,

what

part,

of

See ov.

OVKTV, (adv.) no longer.

otitcow,

not

therefore,

traiavijo),

surely

not.

Distinguish by accent from

OVIKOVV, therefore, then.
(Probably

cry

or

raise

song of

the paean,
victory.)

(war

(irotdi',

the paean.)
iraiScia, -a*,

f.

education, training.

VOCABULARY,
iroiSiov,

a child;

n.

-ot,

(dim. of

m. and

fut.

strike;

naiffoa,

aor.

(iraicfa.

irdXcu, (adv.) long ago. (ird\at 6pS>,

I have long been seeing, and so with

other

Lat.

like

verbs,

jamdudum

video.)

miX.aiw, 7 wrestle,
jrdXr],

f.

-77$,

fut. -aiata.

wrestling.

(ird\\o>,

jraXrov,

(ird\\(u,

n.

-ov,

spear,

javelin.

shake.)

(adv.)

altogether,

wholly, entirely.
iravToios, -a, -ov, of all sorts,
(was.)
irdvv, (adv.) altogether, very, fully.

with

gen.,

dat.,

and

ace.

I.
(root meaning beside).
with gen. from, especially of persons,

as ol Trapd /3a<r<Xa>s, the (messen'

from
gers) from the king, [lit.

with
II.
beside'].
with, especially, at

dat.

at,

near,

house of,
III. with ace.
at the side '].
[lit.
i. of motion to a point, to; ii. of
motion along a line, along, on the
the

'

as napa,

side of,
the sea (coast)

0d\arrav, along
damSa, on the

nap'

on the left;

shield side, i.e.

iii.

of

time, during; iv. (metaphorically)

compared with, as napa ravra,
because of, besides ; hence beside the

contrary
napa rovs
In Comvofjiovs, against the laws.
position, i. beside, or near, as irdp-

mark,

(tfj.1,

i.

'I

beyond,

to, as

e.

am

irapa-BiSwfu, 7 hand over, give up,

surrender; fut. -S&ffcu, I aor. iraptowKa, I aor. pass. -tooQrjv.
irap-aivco), 7 recommend, exhort, ad;

fut. -atvfffo).

irapa-Ka\ti>, 7 send for,

exhort; fut. -na\ecr<u.
lie

fut. -Kficronai.

summon,
or

beside,

(Used

or

near,' or 'present;' ii.

beside the mark,' as

near;

as the passive

of ira/>a-T(0?;/xt.)
irapa-KeXcvofxcu, I exhort, encourage;
fut. -Kf\(VffOfMLl.

irapa-KtXeuo-is, gen.

-ecus,

f.

a cheering

on, encouraging.

take to myself;

fut.

receive,

-Xj^o/xcu, perf.

trap-fi\rj(f>a, 2 aor. -cXa/Soi/.

7 send

Trapa-TT(jnrw,
fut.

escort;

along,

-iref^if/ea.

irapa-irXcw, 7 sail past, sail along;

flit.

-TT\(VffOfiai.

irapaaaYYIS, -ov, m. a parasang, or

distance = 30
Persian
measured
stadia, or

3! miles.

Trapa-<rKud<i>, 7 gel ready, prepare ;

so Mid. prepare for (my own) use;
fut. -aietvdffaj, perf. pass. irap-faKfva0710.1.
-JJs, f.

irapa-oxevfi,

irapa-TaTTu,
(irapd,
battle)

sz'efe
;

preparation.

<fraw>

fut.

arrange

up,

order of
i. e.
6y
-Taa;, perf. pass. -Tside,

irapa-Tttvw,
(<pd\a.'Yya)

stretch

fut.

out,

extend
aor.

^rfvu,

'

I transgress.
I come to help; fut.-^croj.
wap-<ryyA\a), I command, give orders ;
(lit. 'pass the word of command along
trapa-fla'tvo},

rmpu

especially
line; fut.

jrapa-Xa|Apdv, 7 take over,

(Tras.)

prep,

pre-

-da>, 2 aor. -rjfayov.

irapdSsio-os, -ov, m. a park. (Persian
word, hence Eng. paradise.)

irapd-Ki(Jiai, 7

tranTrXT)0T|s, -'s, very numerous.

n-djnroXvs, --no\\i], -iro\v, very many.

iravTaircKTi^v),

lead

dress

shake.)
iraXiv, (adv.) back, again.

Trapd,

7 bring along,
from column into

irap-d.Y &> >

am

I come up,

-7V77<ro/^ai, a aor. irap-

fut.

a child, (boy or

f,

girl.)

ircuu,

i,

sent

wafs.)
irals, wa<5os,

215

[3oT)0fo>,

d) the line

')

I aor.

-ij77iXa.

irapa-Ti0Ti|jii, 7 /ay down beside;

-Oriffca, 2 aor. mid. -(OtjJirjt'.

irapa-Tpexu, 7
fut.

pat*

r//

-S^a/*oi5/iai,

6y,
aor.

rww

fut.

/>as/

irap-tSpa-

VOCABULARY.

2l6
irap-t yYvdu, ^ /'7SS (the
irdp-eiu.i,

cm

word) /row

ira-

iravffoi,

present, arrive:

/ pass

by,

pass on

march

impf.
ride

coast of the Euxine, between Bithynia and Pontus.

It was famous for

past,

irap-pxou.ai, 7 ^o />as/, pass along,

pass through ; 2 aor. -fi\6ov.
irap-X<>. 7 furnish, supply ; render,
produce (<p6ftov), (with kavrov,
give myself over to ;
irpay/j.aTa
give trouble); 2 aor.

-tff\ov, impf. -cfxov.

I
irap-Tjicio,
fut. -ijfcy.
ITapOvios,

m.

-ov,

along

the Parthenius, a

from

Paphlagonia

dividing
Bithynia.

town

in

(trans.) 7 place by, set

2 aor. and perf.)

near; (intrans.
I stand by ; fut.
irap-fffTi]ffa, 2

irapa-ffrrjaaj,

aor.

aor. trap-fffTrjv.

Tlapvo-QTis, -<8o, f. Parysdtis, mother

of Artaxerxes Mnemon, and Cyrus

the younger,
iraaa, nav,

was,

every.

suffer

suffer,

misfortune;

vtnoi/Oa, 2
aor. iiraOov. (tv, or KCIKUH vaaxtiv,
to be well or ill treated.)
wtiffoftai,

*>",

fut.

irara^eu,

See irXtp-rw.
rn.

Pategyas,

army of Cyrus
varpos, m. a father.

Persian, in the
ira-rrip,

perf.

strike;

aor. iirdra^a.

IlaTi]YW*.

the feet,

(jrovs, gen. iro5os, afoot.)

irsSiov, -ov, n. a level surface, plain.

(adv.) OH foot, by land, (prop,

dat.

of TTtos,

with

under-

6oy

ire6s,

on foot (Lat.

-ov,

-17,

(iff fa oi'i'a/.tts,

pedestris).

infantry force).

7 persuade (with

ace.)

obey, believe (with dat.) ;

fut. irtioa), I aor. (irttaa, perf. pass.

(Mid.)

irtirftfffjiai,

2 perf. irtiroiOa,

trust.

7rcipdo|xai, 7 try, attempt, with infin.,

onus and subj. ; with
also with

I make

trial of;

fut. ittipd-

ffofiat.

of vaaxoi.
tov, one must persuade or obey,
verb adj. of irtiOca or TrfiGoftai.
i.

fut.

fut. jreA.a<ro;.

(rii

167).

Trardo-o-w,

a chain for

f.

-rjs,

fetter,

dfw, 7 approach
all,

itavra, (i) the whole, everything;

(2) adv. completely.)
ITaauov, -euros, in. Pasion, a general
from Megara, who deserted Cyrus

fut.

n-cSr],

genitive,

a passage, (vapd,
irdp-o8os, -ov,
alongside, and 6So, a road.)
f.

naaxw, 7

a Paphlago-

nian.

iTCiOw, (Act.)

Ildpiov, -ov, n. Parium, a

Mysia (VIII. 109).

(I.

cavalry.

stood).

river

irap-icmjfJU,

its

na4>Xa*yuv, -6vos, m.

irejf),

extend

reach,

pass.

ITa<|>XaYovia, -as, f. Paphlagonia, a

district of Asia Minor, on the south

past, i aor. -jjAatra.

irap-t'xtiv, to

irtiravKa, perf.

perf.

WfTTO.Vfl.at.

vap-y'dv.

n-ap-tXaww,

trorpyos,
iravKo,

-iaonat, impf. irap-^v.

(tv T
povn, at the present time.)
irdp-eip.1,

fut.

-o, -ov, hereditary, ancestral.

(Act.) 7 cause to cease, put a
stop to; (Mid.) 7 cease, stop; fnt.

command.

Afl/jd /o /tawrf,

island of Pelops), the Peloponnesus,

peninsula of Southern Greece, now
the Morea.

TreXrdJw, 7 serve as a peltast,

with a light shield (JTC'ATJ;).

i.

e.

irtXraoTTis. -ov, m. a peltast, targearmed with the

teer,
(because
TTXTT),

-rjt,

(.

a light shield covered

The

large shield

-ov,

fifth.

with leather.

was

called davit.

(II. 4).

irarpts, -loot, f. native country, fatherland. (Lat patria.)

ir'u.irro$,

-17,

(irivrf,

five.)
irc'|iirci>,

7 send;

-rri-nofitpa,

iTvop,ai, 7

fut.

vifaf/ta,

I aor. pass.

am

poor,

perf.

tni^Ojji'.

(irt'fijs,

poor.)

VOCABULARY.
much.

-eu, -a, five-hundred.

i,

TTevTT)Kovra, fifty.
irVTT)Kovnf|p, -rjpos, m. a commander
offifty men, or a half company.

nevi-qKovTOpos, -ov,

f.

vavs) a
one bank

(sc.

fifty-oared galley, with

of 25 oars on each side.

finish,

accomplish

fut.

;
I

aor.

/ convey across ;
(Act.)
(Mid.) I cross ; fut. nfpaiwffca.
ntpav, (adv.) across, on the other
side.
(TO irtpav, the
opposite

TTspcuoio,

fide.)

HfpYcijxos, -ov, f. Pergamus, a town

in Mysia, near the river Caicus (VIII.

afterwards the head of an

important kingdom under Eumenes

II, and in the second century B.C.
the capital of the Roman province
of Asia. It was celebrated for its
library and school of literature, as
well as for the invention of parchment, which derives its name (through
the French parchemin) from ' PerCharta.'

Pergamus was

an early seat of Christianity, and

one of the Seven Churches of Asia
(Rev. ii. 12). [The name means
'citadel.'
'

'

citadel

('castle'),

Tp8i.,

ace.,

around

i.

him,

i.e.

he and his

time, about;

iii.

with regard

to.

men;

of

ii.

about, concerning,
In Composition,

magnus.

TTtpiivw, perf. pass, ntntpa.ff/j.a.1,

gamena

with

III.

about, as of irtpl avrov, those about

7 throw around,

irpi-j3a.XXw,

pass. kttfpavOrjv.

necks.

i.

n^-truica, perf. of vivo).

508)

es-

around,

dat.,

around, about ; ii. above, i. e.

very much, like Lat. per- in per-

TT-iTOv0a, perf. of Traa\ca.

ir-irpa-Ka, perf. of irnrpaaKQ).
u--irTa>Ka, perf. of iriirrca.

with

II.

pecially of parts of the body, as

irfpi rots Tpax^ots, round their

JTVT, five.

irepaivco,

217

Cp. the Pergamus or

of Troy ; Greek irvpyos

Eng. burgh.~\
m. and f. a partridge.

-IKOS,

(Lat. perdix.)

round, embrace
-(0a\ov.

irpi-YiYvo(xai, (i) 7 am superior to,

excel; (2) 7 turn out to be; fut.
-yevfiffofjiai, 2 aor.

-tytvoiajv.

7 go round.

TrepL-eip.1,

((/,

ibo.)

(trans.) 7 place round;

(intrans.) 2 aor. and perf. 7 stand
round; fut. -OTtjaa), 2 aor. -iaTijv.

irpi-torTTjn.i,

irf pi-KVK\db>,

encircle

fut. -cuercu.

7Tpi-nvwt 7 wait for;

l

fut.

-fitvw,

aor. -(fHfiva..

or

IIcpivOios, -a, -ov, Perinthian,

inhabitant of Perinthus.

Perinthus, a town in
the Propontis, after-

(.

ITcpivOos, -ov,

on

Thrace

wards called Heraclea, whence

modern name

7 fix around (Pass.)

around.

irpi-TTT|-yvv(u,

am frozen

ir*pi-irX<o,

its

Erekli.

sail

round;

fut. -ir\tv-

ffoftai.

tttpi-pptca, (i)
slip

I flow around; (2) 7

from around,

pass, itfpt-tppvriv.
irepi-ppinjvai, 2 aor.

slip off";
fnfin.

aor.

pass,

of

irept-ppfQ}.

7 carry round ; fut.

-jj'7o.
npaT)S, -ov, m. a Persian,

irtpi-<j>f pw,

with gen., dat., and ace.

around, about, 'round the ends of

irepi, prep,

sur-

fut. -/3aA.cD, 2 aor.

-oioca,

I aor.

pi.

ot

vipa, beyond, irfpas, an end).

with gen. i. about, concerning,
for, like Lat. de; ii. (rarely), above
in old
sense of beyond, as irtpl
iravros noittffOai, to consider it

The Persian empire inIlt'pam.

cluded Asia Minor, and extended
from it to the North of India,
comprising the modern Persia and

above

into twenty satrapies or provinces.

(cf.
I.

all,

vo\\ovf

i.

e.

above

all-important ;

much,

i.

e.

irtpl

very

Asiatic

Turkey.
,

-77,

It

was

-ov, Persian.

divided

VOCABULARY.

2l8

the
Persian
Hepo-iorC, (adv.) in
language, in Persian.
irecrtiv, 2 aor. infin. of TTJTTTW.
ireaoCfiai, fut. of iriiiTca.
Trcacov, 2 aor. part, of TTJ'TTTW.

irXevpd, -S,
army).

irTO|i(H, 7^?y; 2 aor. tirTonyv,

irirpa, -as, f. a rock.
7r'4>evya, 2 perf. of <fxvya>.

n-XTjy^,

f.
a fountain,
-Jjs,
source (of a river).

Tr-qYT,

curdle

mTTpu.o-K&>,
aor. pass.

a large number, mul-

extent.

(TTO\VS, many.)
irXriv, (adv. as prep, with gen.) except.
;

Also irXt^v

except.

T|,

-es,full (with gen.).

-rrXT|pT)S,

7 draw near, approach.

(adv.) near; (superl. TrX?;aiairaros, nearest, next (with gen.).

aor.

se/^,-

and

7 /a//

perf.

aTT-ttiofATjv

fut.

nlirpaKa,

2 aor.

and

Cilicia, where the robber-tribes

of the Caramanians now live.

-tvao),

aor.

iniaTfVffa (with dat.).

-tcui ,

{.

trust, fidelity,

dence.
rci mffT&, pledges.
JUTWS, -vot, f. a pine-tree.

TrXa(<rvov, -ov, n.
rrAfOpov, -ov, n.

34 English

an oblong.
a plethrum

iroA.v(.

vantage.
7 havt.)

(ir\fov,

mer-

7 sa7.)

(jrXt'a),

sailing,

7 make

rich

voyage.

(Mid.)

(TT\OVTOS, wealth.)
trvtvpa., -aros, n. breath, wind, breeze.

I breathe.)
7 blow, breathe

(irvfu,

nvto),

imperf. tnvtov,

fut. ircetxrojuai.

(adv.)

whence?

irofov,

from

somewhere.

m. a longing, desire, regret.

whither 1 iroi,to someplace,
somewhere.
TTOitw, 7 make, do, cause ; fut. -ij<ra>,
-ot;,

iroi, (adv.)

iroif.lv

hold a review,

ffciraaiv, to

tv or naicus

iroitiv,

(Mid.) (i ) 7 make

///.

for myself; (2)7 make

to myself,

i.

e.

consider.
-77,

-ov, variegated, tattooed.

TTOIOS, -a, -ov, (interrog.)

Lat. qualis.

iroi6$

of what sort?
what sort of

man 1

of irA.<W.
comp. of ttoKvt.

TrXcCojv, -ov,

irXOv-KTw, 7 have

twarafa

get rich.

TioiKiXos,

-17, -ov, superl. of iroKvt.

TrXcCw, for ir\tlovo., ace. masc. sing, or

irXtaros,

tir-

pass,

sail.)

to treat well or

yards.

TrXciovs, for vKtiovt* and rrAet'oi/ai,

noin. and ace. pi. of irXeiW, comp.

iieut. pi.

perf. rrciroirjKa.

about

perf.

jrAij<w,

aor.

boat, transport,

m.

-oO,

TrXovrifw,

troOos,

-6v, faithful, trustworthy,

-17,

vessel, ship.

irXovs,

iroOev,
confi-

I aor. act.

used.

(ir\((a,

nuriSTjs, -ov, in., pi. ol ITtaiScu. the

Pisidians, warlike mountaineers of
the Taurus range, between Lycia

fut.

For the

irXoiov, -ov, n.

chant

are used.

7re(roC/xa(,

is

fut.

irfirXrjffjiat,

\Tjyrjv.

errfffov, perf. irfnTCUKa.

mo-Tcvw, 7 trust;

irXT|TTw, 7 strike;
pass.

Usual pres.
kirpaOrjv.
for the fut. and 2 aor. aTro-

Saiao/xat

of

titude

(irXrjaiov, near.)

(irtov, perf. ntircuica.

m(TT6s,

aor.

(TTXIJTTW, I

a blow.

f.

-fjs,

TrXTjcriov,

clay,

mud.

iruf o>, 7 />ress, squeeze ; distress.

fut. Trio/xai, 2
trivoj, / drink ;

moris,

rr\((ia.

eir\(voa.

TrXTjcridJo),

mrjXos, -ou,

n-iTTTO),

flank (of an

sa//; fut. 7rA.i5ffo/ii,

m.

(itayrjv.

jrcuXe'cii,

irXw, 7

fix* freeze,
(of blood)
aor.
i perf.
tirr)a,
I
2
aor. pass.
fixed,

am

irtirrjya,

irXtvtroiJUu, fut. of

irX-fjOos, -ovs, n.

spring,

/Ae side

strike. )

irr\yw\.i,

f.

iroXc(j.c(i>,

an admore, and x w
or gain

>

or prep,

7 make war upon, with

irpot.

-rroXtfiiKos.

-TI,

dat.

(it6\t^ot, war.)
iro\(fj.i-ov, warlike.

KUV, a war-cry

TO vo\fiunov, the

VOCABULARY.
signal for battle
military service.

vo\(piica t war,

rcL

distinguished from exfyos, a private

enemy (Lat. inimicus).

ir6Xp.os, -ov, m. war.
jroXiopKtw, 7 besiege, blockade
-rjffca.

-ecus,

citiitas,

f.

slate

city,

.whereas aarv

ifoXXdicis, (adv.) q/?e.

= Lat.

fut.

Athenian

on

m.

captain

iroKv,

iroTt, if ever.

much, many

jj,

of

irtvca,

drink.

where, irov, (i) somewhere, (a) somehow, especially perhaps, I suppose, no doubt.
irovis, iro5o, m. afoot.
-OTOS,

irpa-yna,

n.

irpdy^nara

matter

affair,

expensive,

(iro\vs,

irovtto,

pass.

(irtfiiru,

irpa(a, perf.
waor. pass.
tv or KCIKUS irpdrrtiv, to
I

paxOrfV.

pi.

perf. irtirovrjica,

comp. irpapvrpos.
from

pianqv

m. an old

-ecus,

irpecrpc-tc,

irpiao-0ai, to buy;

7 work, labour;

itap-

(trparTW, 1

fut.

irfirpay/Mi,

man;

send.)

action,

do.)

fare well or ill.

irptcrpvs, -vo, or

-ts,

deed,

give trouble.

to

much, by far.
much, and Tt\os, expense.)
Trop.irT|, -77$, f. a procession.

(KOTOS, verb.

iroO, (adv.)

irpaTTW, 7 do, act

TroXv-TeX-qs,

fol-

an.

I drink.)

ol iro\\ol, the
large, long,
most, the majority. Conipar. v\tiuv,
iroXv, as adv.
superl. TrAffoTo*.

also

utrum

Lat.

or.

n.

TTOTOV, -ov,

(X f f<

against Tissaphernes (VIII. 329).

TroA.A.17,

-povv, purple, scarlet.

iroaos, -rj, -ov,howmuchJ how great?
iroaov, how far f
TrOTajJios, -ov, m. a river.
ITOT, once upon a time ; iroT, when f

adj.

(VIII. 432).
IToXimicos, -ov, m. Polynlcus, a Lacedaemonian, sent by Thibron to ask
for the services of the Greek army

woXvs,

far from (with gen.).

irop4>ijpeos, -a, -ov, contr. -povs, -pa,

lowed by

(TroXvs.)

/'

an

hence

iroTtpov and iroTepo, whether;

many

Polycrates,

passage;

iropptd, (adv.)

Lat.

urbs.

ma/y places,
(adv.)
occasions, often. (iro\vs.)
ace.
-eos,
-rj or -TJV,
IToXvKpdTTjs,
TToXA.ox'fj,

m. a

-ov,

iropos,

means, opportunity.

TroXejuos, -a, -ov, and -os, -ov, hostile,

a (public} enemy (Lat. hostis), as

TroXis,

219

ambassadors,
2

aor.

JTT-

uvlofMi supplies the other

tenses.

(TTOVOS, labour.)

irovT)p6s, -o, -ov, bad, worthless., wick-

ed; unsuitable; dangerous,

hostile.

irovr)pto9, with difficulty.

troves, -ov, m. work, labour, toil; also

result of labour.

WOVTOS, -ov, m. the (deep) sea (especialso the district

ally the Euxine)
of Pontus.
;

rropeia, -as, f. a march, journey.

tropevrcos, verb. adj. of wopevo/tcu,
one must march.

/ convey; (Mid.) 7
march; fut. -tvaofMi.
Trop6cu>, I destroy, sack; fut. -lycrw.
iropi<i>, 7 furnish, provide, supply ;
iropevw, (Act.)

perf. pass. wtiro/M 07*01, I

(iropot.)

aor. pass.

(l) with infin.,

as irpiv t\6 (iv, before coming; (2)
with indie., as irpiv ?i\6e, before he

irpiv, (conj.) before.

came ; (3)

after negatives, as irpiv av

and irpiv t\6oi.

I. of place,
irpo, prep, with gen. only.
before, in front of; hence of fightII. of time
ing/or, in defence of.
IA0J7,

III. instead of, in preference

In Composition, before, forward,
beforehand, in preference to.
(Cp.

before.
to.

Lat. pro, prae.)

Trpo-ayia,

I lead forward;

irpo-paivo),

fut. -da>,

go forward, advance;

fut. -/S^ao^cu.

irpo-pdXXco, (i) 7 throw forward, ad-

VOCABULARY.

220
vance

oirXa).

(rcL

fut.

ward, propose;

(a) 7 put for-/3oAw, 2 aor.

-f0a\ov.

n-popo\Y|,

f.
a putting forward ;
irpnBoXty naditrai, to

-77$,

fit

Oopara
'
couch

their lances.

(irpo-&d\\o).}

m. a forefather, an-

cestor.

I give

tip,

betray

fut.

2 aor.

irpo-i8ov,

irp6-ip.i,

with pres. irpo-opdca.

advance.

go forward,

(.r/u.)

irpo eiirov,

with fut. npo-tpoi,

See irpo-X^Yw.

aor.

-ipTjiJU.

irpo-cXauvw, 7 rfrive forward, ride

forward, sc. fmrov.
irpo-tpYiiJojiov, / work beforehand;
pass,

(ipyaafjiti'T)

irpo-(ipyaffftai.
fj
8oa, /A gfory before

gained.
-npo-tpSi, I say beforepublicly, order, as fut. of

rpo-pi>, contr.

hand or

vpo-tiirov, perf. -tlprjica.

TTpo-tpxop.ai, 7 march on,
1 aor. -f/Atfoi'.
cee/, surpass;
irpo-fxW) 7
2 aor. -*<TXO?.

Trpo-T)Yopu),

advance

fut. -^o>,

I speak in behalf of{with

Trpo-flw, I run forward; fut. -6(vaofiai.

readiness, eagerness,

f.

irpoOvp-os. -OK, ready, eager, zealous,

forward, and Ou^os,

n).

pedition (IV.

n-po-opdo),

see

me;

before

fut.

2 aor. -fioov.

*>>[/o[Mt,

n-po-TTtp.ir<i),

ss/jj
fut.

forward,

escort,

-ittfj^xa.

ay

7 rfr'i

irpo-irivw,

owe's health

-A^o/u,

trp6-Ktt(xai,

perf. -t&rjtpa.

//>

before, extend for-

fut. -Ktiffo/MU.

TTpo-KivSwtvw, 7
hand.

ncr

dat.,

and ace.

Root meaning to the front (from

npo, cp. irpos-Ofr) ; hence near.
I. with gen. i. from, from near ;
hence ii. on the part of, by iii. in
;

the presence of, before, as irpos Of Hav,

before the godf, i. e. by the gods, in
II.

swearing.

besides, as

ii.

with dat. i. st, near;

vpos rovroi*, besides

moreover, Lat. praelerea. III.

with ace. i. to, towards, sometimes
against ; ii. with regard to, accord-

this,

ing to, as wpuj ravra, therefore. Til

wp^* it6\tfwv, what concerns war,
irpos fliav, by force, vpus ^Sovfjv,
for pleasure, etc. In Composition,
i. to or towards ; ii. besides ; iii. near.
Trpos-dyu, 7 /earf OH, lead forward;
fut. -ofta, 2 aor. -^ya'yor.
as/t besides, ask

npotcXTJs, -<o, m. Procles, governor

of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia.

more

fut. -aiTTjuu.

vance

7 ^o

<o,

approach, ad-

fut. -BriffOfMi, 2

aor. -e&r)v.

irpos-pdXXw, 7 attack, charge up ;

-/3oXcD, 2 aor. -(&a\ov.
T|,

to

an

f.

-^$,
'

fut.

attack, assault.
^o fl"> added

"

coff

2 aor. -fyfyofiijv.

trpos-8i5u)p.i, 7 ^/t e besides,

-5oi<70), I aor. -tScuica.

Trpos-SoKau, 7 expect;
I

danger before-

2 aor. -iitiov.

npos, prep, with gen.,

spirit.)

npoOvjuos, (adv.) eagerly, readily.

Trpo-KaTa-XajA^avw, 7 s'z< beforehand, preoccupy; i aor. -i\aflov,

ward ;

irpo-

friend of Cyrus and Xenophon, who

induced Xenophon to join the ex-

irpos-poivci),

TtpoQvpia., -a*,
zeal.

fut.

aor.

irpos-aiTi>. 7

gen.).

(irpo,

give warn-

for

npo|vos, -ov, m. Proxenus,* Theban,

fut. -iriofMi,

-5d'<70>.

tell publicly,

-\tcu,

accompany

Trpo-8t8cop.i,

perf.

fut.

'

trpo-yovos, -ov,

pres.

ing

triroi'.

wp6-{3a.Tov, -ov, n. a sheep (properly

any animal that walks, from wpo/JaiVoj)

irpo-XYW, 7

fut.

add ;

fut.

-So/tqcrai,

aor. -(60x17(70.

irpos-i|ii.,

up.

7 ^o

/o,

approach,

comt

((Tfu, Lat. /6o.)

irpos-cXaww, 7
), marcA

rfri've

^.

/o,

ritif

u/

VOCABULARY.
irpos-tpxnai, 1 come up, approach;
2 aor. -fj\0ov,

irpos-x w

I bring

(yovv

apply;

to,

I turn
mind to,
Trpos-t'xw,
attend to ;) imperf. -(i-)(ov, 2 aor.

221

ri irp6rtpov, (adv.) previously, on

a former occasion ; comp. of jr/>o,
superl. irpwros.

w, 7 run forward ;

my

-ta'xov.

reach.

to,

Impers.

irpos-riKti, it becomes, it is fitting.

irpdaOsv, (adv.) (l) of place, in front
of, before.
(2) of time, before,
TO, irp6a0i>, the van of
formerly.
an army, 6 irpoffdev \povos, the

TO

time.

for-

irpocrfcv,

merly.

m.

-O.KOS,

advanced

outpost.

irpo-xwpeco, 7 ^o o, proceed favourably.

irpiifjivo, -jjs,

irpupa,

-a*,

f.

/Ae s/er

the

f.

prow

of a ship.
or bows of a

m.

-^cut,

TrpcopciJs,

man

the

prow, who gave the

7 gain

besides,

fut. -KTjjao/iou,

gain

aor. -fttTrj-

irpwros,

(superl.

-77, -ot>,

ol irpSnoi,

the

of irpo) first.
(Adv.

vanguard.

irpwrov, TO irpSiTov, at

irpos-Kvvco),
any one, i.

kiss

the earth

before

e. do obeisance,
worship,
salute; fut. -avvqaca, I aor. -exvvrjffa.
trpos-XajA.p<ivw, 7 receive besides ; with

gen. take part in, kelp

ftai, 2 aor.

irpos-dp.vv(u,
-Ofj.ovfjuii, I

f.

a going

to,

approach,

7 swear besides;
aor. -upoaa.

fut.

irpos-iriTpovT]|Avos, perf. pass. part.

from irpos-irfpovdu.
skewer.

(wtpovrj, a skewer.)

7 make war against

irpos-Tplx". I run UP

'o

fut.

-Spa-

Hovftai, 2 aor. -45pa/j.ov.

(Act.) 7 bring to, conduct,

(Mid.) 7 bear myself towards, i. e.
conduct myself.
irpoaco, (adv.) (i) forwards, (2) with
off.

irraiw, 7 strike,
raiaa.
,

-n,,

-vyos,
f.

-^s,

dash;

aor.

lir-

f. a
wing.
a boxing match

iru\T), -i;s, f. a gate, opening ; pass.

irvvOdvofjuu, (i) 7 as*, (2) 7 hear (on
enquiry), learn ; fut. irtvffofMt, perf.
TTtnw/xat 2 aor.

iru^, (adv.) tf//A the fist.

In
nvp, irwp<$s, n. _/?.

pi.

irup&,

Comp.

m. wheat, mostly in pi.

nvppCxt), -rjs, f. (sc. opxqais), the
Pyrrhic dance, a military dance in
armour.
irvpos, -ov,

irw,

With

(adv.) yet.
not yet.

negatives, as

ovirca,

<irpos-<t>(pb>,

gen. far
farther.

in the

watchfires.

irpos-irspovdu, I fasten with a

irpo$-iro\cfjkc(i>,
fut. -ij(r<w.

firs.!,

first place.)

fut. -\rji{>o-

-f\a@ov.

irpds-oSos, -ov,
procession.

at the

signal to the

steersman, the look-out man.

I aor. -i)Ka.

-riffaj,

irpos-KTao(iai,

for;

guard,

s^ow forth,
visible.

ship.

7 let come to, admit,

(Mid.) admit (to oneself), approve ;

jrpos-iTjfH, (Act.)
fut.

(Mid.) appear, become

irpo<|>vXaJ,

fut. -8/)a-

-fSpapov.

(Act.)

trpo-<j>aiv(o,

I extend

irpos-T|K6j,

former

fJLovfMi, 2 aor.

irpoaoirtpu,

irp6cr(oirov, -ow, n.face, countenance.

irportpaios, -a, -oj/, adj.. as )J nporf'

pala (^6/w), /^e Joy before.

irpoTtpo?, -a, -ov, earlier, former,
first of two (Lat./r/or) ; irpircpov,

rr<oXi>,

fut.

se//;

v<a\-fja<.

Other

tenses are supplied from other verbs,

as fut. diro-Saiffo/jiai, 2 aor. dirtSofjirji' ;

perf.

vfirpajta

(from m-

npaffKca).

ir<iiroT, (adv.) at
iT&iroTf, never.
iru>s,

ti

ever,

ov

howl but TTWS,

was, in any way, if at

(interrogative)

somehow,
all.

any time,

VOCABULARY.

222
P.

crr-yT),

paw,

pa'Sics, -a, -of, easy;

superl. petards.

conjp.

easily;

comp.

(adv.)

paSiujs,

/ flow;

fut.

m. Silanus, (i) an Amprophet (VI. 180), (2) a

native of Macistus, a town of Elis
on the Peloponnesus (VIII. 291).

SiXavo;,

f>aov,

ptiiffopcu,

aor.

crivofxai,

fpptnjy.

ptyos, -ovs, n. cold.

piuTOj, 7 throw, fling, cast, throw off;
>is, pipe's,

tppt^a.

-a, -ov, Rhodian, or inhabiof Rhodes, an island in the

Levant, off the S. W. coast of Asia

tant

The Rhodians were famed

Minor.

as slingers.

pv8(ios, -ov, m.measure,(m\as\c<L\)time.

2.
o-aXiriY KTl1 s
^,

Lydia

-ov,

'

m. a

trumpeter.

-ifyos, f. a trumpet.
-tow, pi. f. Sardis, capital of
the starting-point of the

expedition

(I.

46).

m.

-ov,

0-a.TpaiTTjs,

governor of
Persian Empire.

province

viceroy,

of

the

-,

clear,

manifest.

(Adv.

pronoun) thyself,
gen. aeavrov (oavrov),

your own.
prince.

m.

Seuthes, a Thracian
His father had been driven

Ztv0T)S, -ov,

out of his territory on the Propontis,

this with the

and Seuthes recovered

help of Xenophon's army.

a sign, give
onrju-cuvw, 7 signify, give
the signal (in battle)
I aor. iffrinTjva.

fut. arjfiavw,

OTj^ciov, -ov. n. a sign, signal.

a short plant
o-T]crap.ov, -ov, n. sesame,
with a single flower, from the seeds

of which

oil

am

01

pi.

f.
-T;S,
Sinope, a Greek colony
Paphlagonia on a peninsula runIt
ning out into the Black Sea.
is
the finest anchorage for ships
on the north coast of Asia Minor
a Turkish fleet was destroyed there
by the Russians just before the
breaking out of the Crimean War,
;

in 1853.
5iTa\Kas, -ov, m. Sitalcas, king of the
Odrysae in Thrace.
6 2iTa\Kas, the Sitalcas-song, or song
in honour of one of the kings of
that name.

O-ITVTOS,

-i\,

-6v,

(Verb. adj. of

fed

up,

fatted.

from airos,

ffirtva),

eriTiov, -ov, n. food, provisions.

cake was made.

silent; fut.
criy aw, 7
aor. iffiyr/aa.

(oTro*,

corn.)
-r;s,

Siltace,

f.

town

in

Babylonia on the Tigris.

oicoirdo),
fut.

(reflexive

yourself;

m. a Sinopian

SIVUTTTJ,

2iTTo.KY],

aaijxis, clearly.)

acavro'v,

injure, harass.

corn.)

satrap,

O-OVTOV, contracted from atavrov.

cra4>T|s,

in

<Ae nose.

f.

T68ios,

s,

-oD,

vs, -teas,

fut. p/i/'W, I aor.

<nYD> in

bracian

superl. poTora.
ptu',

dat.

silence;

f.

-rjs,

silence, silently.

am

-i'iffo/j.ii.

crKtXos, -ovf

silent,

keep

silence;

(cncoTTT), silence.)

n. the leg.

[<TKlirTO|iai], see oxoircw.

afa, f prepare, equip, dress

-daw,
pass,
perf.
<rKirfj,

-J?s, f.

fut.

dress.

o-Ktvos, -ovs, n.

vessel; pi.

baggage. (Lat. impedimenta.)

7 carry baggage.
(TKCvo-^opcw,
(oitfvos, and fyfpu, I carry.)
<rKcuo-<{>6pof, -ov, carrying baggage.
TO, ffKtvo<f>opa (sc. KT^VIJ), the beasts

of burden

baggage

in the train

of an army,

train.

<7Ki|/aa9ai,, see CTKOTT'U>.

(TKT|vd(i>

am

and

CTKTJVC'O),

live in tents,

quartered, fut. -fou.

VOCABULARY.
f.

(TKTjvT), -i}s,

O-KTJTTTOS, -ov,

oraOfioS, -ov, m. a station, haltingplace, (hence) a day's march.

a tent.
m. a thunderbolt.

o-icr)iTTOvx o s,

the

ni.

-ov,

sceptre-

bearer (an attendant on the king).

o-K\T)p6s, -d, -6v, dry, hard.
CTKOirtto, I keep a look out for, watch,
observe,, reconnoitre ; imperf. fffKoTTOW, (Mid.) consider, with tenses

from

fut.

fftceirTOfjuu,

m. a

iiiiKpT)?, -rjros,

dian general (VII. 68).

wisdom.

Dorian immigrants.
They
looked down upon the Perioeci, or
the

Normans

the Saxons in England.

7 draw, drag,

did upon

aitfpGi,

sow

scatter,

aor.

trirv8o>,
'

lit.
i.

e.

pour

make a

truce

f.

(sing.)

ffvdffof/uu,
fut.

a libation,

(pi.)

am

o-trovSdJto, 7 make Jiaste,

busy,
in earnest; fut. avovSaaca.

am

haste.

f.

IO

In counting roughly every

stades

may

English mile.

-rjs,

be

perf.

lit.

-ov,

taken

as

an

'

trodden

tread.)

pass. {oTfy/iOf,

of men.
a robe, dress.
a
march, (2) array,
(i)

f.

-arot, n. mouth,
hence front of an army.

opening;

tin

f.

-at,
(TTparcta,
expedition.
(arparos, army.)
n.
an
crTpu.TV)Aa, -arcs,
army, com-

pany, division.
<rTpa,Tva>, (Act.) 7 march, (Mid.)
7 serve as a soldier, fut. -tvffca.

(ffTparos,

-ov,

army,

m.

and

jjyfoiMi,

general.

lead.)

an army.
m. a soldier.
<rrpa,Toir8iJw, 7 encamp; fut.
crrpaTid, -as,

o-rdStov, -ov, n. a stade, a furlong,

rather more than
of an English
mile.

7 prick;

orrpaTTjY^s,

(ffirfvocu.)

airovS'fj, -^s,

0-Top.a,

(Mid.)

7 urge on, make haste;

a treaty,

track,

areifiaj,

OTO\OS,
army.

perf.

one with another,'

fut.

m. a

(from

path,'

OToXrj,

ffir(vffa).

<rTrov8T|, -^s,

o-rtpos, -ov,

ta-

aor. effir(iaa,pr)v.

o-n-fviSa),

orfjvai, 2 aor. inf. ofiffrijfu.

fut.

libation;

m. a wreath, crown,

-ov,

garland.

seed;

eairtipa,

libations

(TT<j>avos,

part. (ffTiyufvos, tattooed.

O-T!<|)OS, -ous, n. a close body

mid. of airivSta.

7 pour a

(TTCpvov, -ov, n. the breast.

fut.

irapita.

o"irci(ro|iai, fut.

a narrow pas-

f.

pull;

arraffca, I aor. tairacra.

comp.
(from old

form ffTHv6i),

crTiJw,

<nrdci>,

crimpw, 7

narrow;

-6v,

-17,

-orfpos, super!, -uraroi

ffT(frf)aa), perf. pass, (ffrfpr/nat.

f.

the

as

are\Si,

7 deprive ; (Pass.) artptofMi

or artpofiai, I am deprived of; fut.

Sparta, or Lacedaemon, capital of Laconia.

SirapTidTTjs, a Spartan, i. e. one of

natives,

equip,
(Mid.) 7
I aor. tartiXa,

send,

fut.

lit.

<rreptu>,

(<ro(p6s.)

<Tirdvios, -a, -of, scarce, rare.

-rj$,

sage.

cro<j>6s, -T], -ov, wise, clever.

SirdpTt],

tls trreyas,
f. a roof,
into roofs,' i.e. under cover.

o-Teyifj, -^s,

(TTevo-xupia, -as,

crov. (poss. adj.) thy, thine.

t.

(ffrdais, faction.)
crravpcau.^ -aros, n. a palisade.

(TTtvos,

a swarm of bees.
m. Smicres, an Arca-

<r\i.f(vos, -ovs, n.

raise

revolt,

rebel,

faction,

2 aor. pass. taraXrjv.

spy, scout.

O-KOTOS, -ovs, n. darkness.

crcxJHd, -as,

crratnafw, 7

march

fUU,
O-KOITOS, -ov,

ffi7,

orrairjv, 2 aor. opt. ofiffrrjfu.

crrds, 2 aor. part, of 'iarrjfu.

o-TtXAu,

aor. i<TK\l/dnr)v, perf. pass.

tros,

223

f.

o~TpaTi<I)TT]s, -ov,

-evaca.

(arparoirfooi', a camp.)

irrpaToireSov, -ov, n. a camp, (ar partis,

an army, and

-nitiov,

a plain.)

VOCABULARY.

224
CTTparos, -ov, m. an army.

fut.

consult;

CTTpfirTos, -ov, m. a chain, necklace.

Properly verb. adj. of arpi<p<, 1

twin.

pass.

(TTvyvos.

aor.

(GTpaftfMai,

o~rpov06s, -oC, m. and

but |xryas arpovOos,

a sparrow,

f.

a>J ostrich.

-ov, disagreeable,

-17,

pass.

gloomy.

(aTVffa}, 7 hale.)
o-rw, 2 aor. subj. of Iffrrjfu.
(ru, pers. pron. /Aow.

course

associate

with,

7 ca// together

fut.

-a-

together, bend up;

aor. ffuv-ficafuffa.

fut.

-Ka^oi, I
tnry-icXcio, 7 sAw/ c/ose ;
<nry-Kpd<i>, 7 cry aloud;
,

fut.

-Xf (Vw.
ow-

aor.

7 6i<f together, bend

fut.

-Kv\l>a>,

aor.

in-

ov*'-

(ruY'X w P* u

^ >iW,

'

(lit.

gether to terms,') agree

aor.

come
fut.

to-

-yaw,

aw-t\upriaa.

cruicov, -ou, n. a_/f^".

m. an

ally.

CTVU.-U.IYVWU* (trans.) 7 mix together,

(intrans.) (i) unite with, (2) join in
battle; I aor. aw-ffua, infin. avp-

7 send along with

CTVu.-mvo>, 7 Jr/wi with

2 aor. flw-ts'iov.

fut

fut. -in'o/uu,

7 entangle, hamper, lit.

the feet together," i aor. <rw(vooiaa.

CTVu,-Tro8i{&>,
tie

march

accompany on a march

together,

fut.

-woptv-

7 bring together,

collect.

aofiai.
crvjj.-4>pco,

Impers. avu.-4>fpci,
or advantageous.
-a*,

CTVp.-<|>opd,

f.

is

it

profitable,

'a bringing

lit

hence an

together,'

event,

seize, lay hold of,

crvX-Xap.p<ivu),
arrest; fut. -X^o/wu, 3 aor. <rw-

cruX-XY<<>, 7 collect, gather, assemble

-\({a>.

e$p.

aor.

avv-t\fa,

pf.

-ow,

m. a

assembly, meet-

those with

ing.

ar

7 throw together;

av/j.-ttd\\oupon.
(Mid.) 7
/zai Ao^ott, 7 converse, talk ; 2 aor.

(ruji-poT|6u), I join in aiding,

the rescue ; fut. -f)ff<a.

come

to

(Act.) 7 give advice,

advise, counsel ; (Mid.) get advice,

crv}jL-f3ouXrvw t

the

vv,

aw],

as ol

king,

avv
i.

e.

So of things, avv
Tofs ov\ois, furnished with their
the
II. with
arms, i. e. in arms.
his attendants.

help of, as o\n> rois 6(oT*.

In

Com-

position, with, together.

assemble

bring

gether

together,

fut. -afa>, 2 aor.

aw-aOpoifoi, 7

crvu,-po\Xci>, (Act.)

the same

word as Lat. cum [(o")vv,

I. together with, with,

<rw-o.yta,

ru\ Xoyos.

with dat. only

orvv, prep,

/3affiAef,

fut.

ovu.-p.axos, -ov,

with,

along

imperf.

misfortune.

fKVtfrU.

help as an ally

<ruu.-7ropevou.ai,

7 6iJ

alliance.

f.

7 yfg'A/

CTup.-u.dxop.ai,

'

aor. {rvr-cx&Ucra.

crwy-Kajiirrw,

wards

fut.

with,

1 aor. -tftvvnijv.

CTvu.-u,dxia, -as,

>,

criry-YvT|q, -t, related, a kinsman.

(ovv, with, and yi~(vofwi, 7 aw bom.)
<rvy-yiyvo\ia\., ^ awl f'fA, Aav<? inter-

\iaa>,

a counsellor,

adviser.

CTTp4>u, 7 turn, tu>iit, (Mid.) wheel

about; fut. arptycu, I aor. tarpafa,
pf.

m.

-ov,

arvy*

aor.

-fvaa>,

collect,

fut..

gather,

-^7070^.

or assemble to-

-aOpoiaot,

aor.

-^tfpotaa.

CTW-aKoXovO<<o, I follow along with,

follow as a volunteer.
OTW-OKOVU, 7 hear, hear one another.
o-uv-avrdw, I fall in with,

dat);

fut.

/t

(with

VOCABULARY.
7 go away with, imperf.

jruv-air- iju,

225
(Act.) 7 ^/ together,
make an agreement; fut.

<rw-Ti0T)(u,

(Mid.)

-QtlY.

I join

oicb),

in

pursuit

fut.

',

-Or\ff<a.

<rw-Tpx, 7
aw-6ijo,

become used

to,

aor.

avv-

opt.

ow-Tpipft*,
-as,

2vpia.
perf. pass, of av\-\.('y(a.

i,

o-Dv-is-tpx|A<ii,

witer

wiVA;

aor. -fjKOov.

7 rwsA together

<rwv-is-iriirr<o,
fut.

into

aor.

of

act.

o-vv-K-pipd{w, 7

//>

wi

avy-

out.'

onv-tKpaYOv,

<rw

Xf'"/o>.

<rvv-\Y ov

imperf. act. of <rvX-Xyw.

<rw-'Xta,

crvv-fiia.

-ftraivfau,

consent, agree to
aor. -tirr/vtaa.

O"n-v8w. 7

wards;

M/

to

fut.

force on-

aor. -lairtvoa.

orvv-Tr66icra,

act.

aor.

iSyr/'a,

was not

called

crv-ppcb),

of av/<-

(with dat.)

fut.

7 swear

ow-tppvqMiv,

pluperf.

comi

rejoice

gratulate.
aOr-0T]n.a, -aroi, n.

(lit.

'make

of trvp-

together, meet

with one,

con-

av-OTT)ffai,

aor.

<7i;v-

(intrans.) stand together,

a stand, 3 aor. -iart\v perf.

fVrjjffa,

make

aw-o|AoXoy&>, 7 a^rM /o (with

of thing), 7 aT#< with (with
of person)

imperf.

ow-TaTTw, 7 draw up
-Taa>,

aor.

ace.

aw-irafa.

together with,')

*efaofuu.
av-<rrpoTOTTf8c\)ojwLi. 7 encamp along
with, imperf. ovv-taTpaToitfotv6pr)v,

sacrifice;

fut.

ff<j>a-

-ov, n.

a victim,

(ptpa^ea,

slay.)

and CT^ITTW, I sacrifice;

cr4><i{a),

pass,

pass. ka<pa-)(6riv.
<r4>cvSovd<i>. 7 .s/j'ng
cr<|)iv86vn, -;$,

f.

iafya-fium,

fjut.

aor.

fut

-rjao).

a sling, also a stone

a sling.

o-4>v8ovT]TY|S, -ov, m. a slinger.

a4>68pa, (adv.) very, exceedingly,
ffX86v, (adv.) almost, nearly.
<rxf iv, a aor. infin. of ?x w o'X'n

'**'

jw,

fwt- act -

cleave

<rxo\i((i>,

f tX**fut.

ffx^

leisure;

"'

P^-

P 3SI

fut.

dat.

-wno\6yow.
in battle

vnitt in zeal with,

<ru-o~rpaTcvo(iai, 7 serve in the army

with, join in an expedition ; fut.

from
an agreement; a

aw-(on)p.i, (trans.) 7 p/<jw with, infut.

haste

share in one's zeal.

watchword,
troduce;

fut.

crv-crttTjvos, -ov, dwelling in the same

tent, a tea -mate,
(aitrjvy, a tent.)

a$a(<u, pf

(rw-Yi8o(iai,

fut.

7 pack up baggage

-aav, perf. pass. aw-faKtvaafiai.

besides.

pe<a.

<ruv-fpx<>nai-, 7
a aor. -rjkOov.

with

along

ind.

together

ffVV-tppVTjKa,

aor. pass, aw-tppvijv.

-tyopat.

<rw-ir-o(A,vv|Ai,

pf.

till

of Alexander.

or flock

flfiw

i,

7 follow

-rpfyv.

on the Levant, or

Mesopotamia

-ffVffUIMH,

iro8/^oi.

<r\)v-iro|xov,

fut.

end of the Mediterranean. In

Xenophon's time it included the
country east of the Euphrates, which

av-crirov8dju>,

aor. act. of <rvA.-A.7<u

aor. act. of avu-^ifW^t.

<rw-iraivt, 7

crt/sA

f.

crv-crK6vdi{a>,

of ovy-xpafa.
aor. pass,
of <rvX-

2 aor.

cXf'-yjv,

out,

bringing

making come

'join in

east

fut.

o-uv-tin,

aor.

together;

after the conquests

2 aor. -tirtaov.

-vtaovfMt,

o~uv-cKa|Av|/a,

lit.

n/

(Act.) 7 accustom, (Pass.)

array

(adv.) leisurely, slowly.

f. leisure;
(dat.
a/ leisure, leisurely, or slowly.)
,

rjt,

VOCABULARY.

226
crx<I>,

part, of

and

aor. subj.

^x^v,
7

aw<o,

*/>

.<<7W,

safe,

preserve,

(Pass.) I return safely; fut. aojaoi,

aor. tauaa, perf. pass, atacaa^iai,

iaaj&rjv : au/fiv
safely to a place.

to

aor.

pass,

bring

taught Xenophou
philosopher,
and Plato: he lived through all the
of
time
Athens, from
flourishing
when he was unto
B.C.
399,
469
justly condemned

to drink hemlock.
a body.

(rwp.a, -arot, n.

aon,

(contr.

cuiv),

*n~

safe,

injured.

m. a saviour, preserver.

<ra>TT|p, ripo*,

(oaifa,

<ave.)

owrqpia, -a,

f.

safety, preservation.

2<oTt)pi&()S, -ov,

order;

fut.

TOCU,

aor.

trafa,

aor.

rtraffMi,

pass.

pass.

the

who

tru/os.

by Augustus.
an
important seat of
and
philosophy
learning from the
second century B.C. downwards.
TOITTW, 7 arrange, draw up in line,

was

perf.

Socrates,

ni.

-OKI,

2dJKpciTT)s.

fit,

to the city

granted
It

i\u.

m. Sotf rides, a native

of Sicyon, near Corinth.

I am of sound mind,
wist ; behave well, am obedient.

am

<ru>4>pov'u).

n. pi. of OVTO, these things.

Tavrro, for ra aura, the same things.

ravra,

Taurov

(instead of Tauri)

= To

awT<5,

the same.

m. a tomb,

Ta4>os, -ov,

(dairrai,

bury.)
Ta'4>pos, -ov,

f.

a ditch, trench.

Tax<w*i (adv.) quickly, soon

Odaaov. super), rdxiffra.

comp.

Taxi's, -ra, -v, quick, swift; comp.

6daaon>, si:p. raxKffot.
ra\v, quickly, (dit rd\iara as quickly
as possible ; inti rd\iara, as soon
as.)

T.

and.
(r< . . xai, both . . and.)
TC 0appT]Ka, perf. act. of ffappiu.
Tf'OvrjKa, perf. act. of Orr/aicoa.

T.

ToXavrov,
hence a

n.

-ov,

lit.

balance,'

of gold, about
A talent contained sixty
^50.
minae (4) ; each mina contained
100 drachmae.

TO|. -),

talent

al
order, battle array,
(Tarro). 1 arrdfnt. tht ranks.
f.

Taoxoi, -w, m.
to

the

tht Tnochi, a hillnorth of Armenia,

now Georgia.

THxiJw,

fut.

into disorder,

rapdfu,
v,

perf. past.

m. confusion,

nDv,

Tarsi, or

dis-

Trd-

n.

TXvraio$,

fut.

rtvu>,

TTd/xoi

wall,

fortify.

a wall, fortress.

-a, -ov,

last.

(rc'Aai,

an

TXvraw,

7 end, finish, (sc. Qiov, I

end my life.
-out, n. an tnd. (rAo*. accus.,

ShalmantK-r,

King of

Here

Assyria,

'

dit)

lit.

at last.)
7 cut

T<(XVO>,

fut.

perf.

"rtftSi,

r<

aor. jrapov.

T'Tayjiai, perf. pass, of rdrrca.

disorder.

Tarsus, the
a rich plain

capital of Cilicia, on
by the river Cydnui (1. 93).

it

have established himself, after

Tarsus
his conquests in Atia Minor.
is best known as the birthplace of
St. Paul, who claimed the freedom

said to

build

TIXOS, -ov,

Tftrjita, a

Tap<ro(,

extend;

perf. rtrajta, perf. pass.

Tc'Xos,

Tapdrrw, I throw
turb;

Ttivj, 7 stretch,

end.}

rangt).
iribe

T(dpap.(iai, perf. pass, of Tpi<po}.

Tra|xat, ptrf. pass, of TiVw.

rirapTOs, "?. -ov, fourth.

TTpais-xiXioi,

-ai,

-a,

four-thou-

sand.

TTpaKoo-ioi, -at. -a, four-hundred.

TTpk}icu. perf. pass of nrpw
TtrrapQicovTa, forty.

VOCABULARY.
T ^X VT1>

him

^ ar ' contrivance.

''?

artfully,

(adv.)

skilfully.

227
his

for

his

was eventually
t

TTjKO),

wze//

(intrans.) TtrrjKa,

aor.

TT;<Z,

I am

melted.

perf.

T-rj\p6as, -ov, m. the Teleboas, a river

of Armenia (V. 88).
Ti.papT)voC, -lav.
in

people

m. Me Tibareni, a
west

Pontus,

of

the

Cbalybes.
TiYpujS, -rjros, m. the Tigres or Tigris,
one of the great rivers of Assyria,
Within the
east of the Euphrates.
last

700 years

has changed its

mouth, and joined
it

course near its

the Euphrates.
7 put, set, place; fut.
Ti0T)(Ai,
perf. TtOfiKa, I aor. tOrjKa,

from
TO.

2 aor. tOfptv, etc.

oir\a, to

ground arms,

in

0r]ffca,

plur.

i.

e. halt,

Greek army (VI. 159).

I honour, esteem, value;

TijjiT|, -TJS,

Ti|xu>s,

fut.

honour?)
honour, price, estimation.
(7"i/7,

f.

-a,

-ov,

valuable.

(TI,UT],

price.)

Ti[.iwpo, (Act.) 7 avenge, with dat.

of person; (Mid.) 7 avenge myself
on, punish, with ace., fut. -TJOYW.
Tiptpajos, -on, m. Tiribazus, a satrap

of Western Armenia (V. 89).

TIVOS, (indef.
TI, gen.
pron.)
one, a certain one, some,
(et TIS, if
anyone ; voios TIS ; what sort of

TIS,

person

TI, at all

'

lit.

through

Cyrus, her favourite son (B.C. 395.)

wound ;

TiTpwaKw,
pass.

fut.

T(rpcafj.ai,

rpwcrca,
aor. pass.

trpwfyv.
TOI, in truth, verily, assuredly.
TOIVW, therefore, then.

Totoo-8, rotaSf, T0i6v8f, of such kind,

such.

TOIOVTO,
SUch,
TOtaVTT),
(strengthened form of TOIOS, and not

TOlOttTOS,

compounded with OVTOS).

7 dare venture, have

the

courage ; fut. -TJCTW, perf. TtTohprjKa.

(r6\(iT], daring.)
Toevp.a, an arrow, lit. that which is
shot from a bow.'
(TO(VOJ.)
TOIJ, 7 shoot with a bow. (TOOV,
a bow.)
To6rr)S, -ov, m. a bowman, archer.
(roov, a bow.)
TOTTOS, -ov, m. a place, spot, locality.
'

(ridiaOai

the

Tiixrjaoj.

executed

To\p.a.co,

or .take up a position.)
-owos, m.
Timasion, a
Tijiaaiajv,
native of Dardanus, and an officer

Tip.5.0),

services,

the influence of Parysatis, the queenmother, in revenge for the death of

perf.

TT||i.pov, (adv.) to-day.

marriage as
but he

in

daughter

reward

in

SO
TOCTOVTOS,
TOffOVTO,
TOffaVTt],
rocrovrai,
great, of such a size.
so
with comparative, by
much ;
(lengthened form of T<5<ros, not
with
OVTOS).
compounded

TOT,
fifv

(rare
(adv.) then, at that time,
.
ror\ St, at one time . at
.

another.)

rpdirtja,

-77$,

f.

any-

-ov,

thing.')

m.

what?

Tio-<ra4>pvt]s, -ovs, m. Tissaphernes,

the wiliest of the Persians.
He

was at first satrap of Lydia, Ionia,

and Caria, but had to give over
the Ionian towns to Cyrus
hence
he was a bitter enemy of Cyrus
and his army.
The king gave
;

the neck.

-v,

-fia,

TIS, TI, (interrog. pron.) who?

'
for what ?)
(TI, why f lit.

table.

m. and
f.
-owros,
TpaTreJovs,
Trapezus, a town in Pontus, on the
Euxine, now Trebisond.
rough,

rugged;

harsh.
(Lat. (res.)
Tpfis, rpta, three.
Tpeiro), 7 turn, put to flight, rout; fut.
rptifxu,

Tfrpanfiai,

aor.
I

erpttf/a,

aor.

pass.

perf.

pass.

(TptfjtGyv,

2 aor. pass. fTpcnrrjv.

Tp<j>(o, 7 nourish, rear, support; fut.
Opiiptu, perf. pass. T(8pa/J.(j.at, i aor
pass. trpcupTjv.

VOCABULARY.

228
Tp<x u

aor.

fut- fipaftovnai, 2

riln

rpiciKovTa. thirty.

moist,

vaCs) a trireme ;
lit. a
ship with three banks of oars.
TpitjpiTTjs, -ov, m. a trireme-man,
f.

(sc.

sailor.

rpiirXacrios, -a, -ov, thrice as much.

rpiirovs, -irow, (gen. -iroSos) having
three feet, a three-legged table (sc.

rpajrtfa).

TpU,

(adv.) three times, thrice.

very

>

third.

-ov,

-T),

rpirov,

(TO

for the third

time.)
(adv.) in three divisions, three-

rpiiravov, -ot, n. a trophy.

f.

Tpoirf), -?},

turning to

rout, defeat

rp6vov, in

this

support.

manner;

dis-

(j6vSf

rov

way.)
nourishment, food,

f.

-4]*,

'

lit.

(See Tpeirw.)

flight.'

rpoiros, -ov, m. means,

character.
position,

(rpi<pca,

nourish.)

Tp<pds, -doos, f. Troas, or the Troad,

the district round Troy in Mysia.

rvyxivw,

gen.)

fut.

3 a

hit,

r-

obtain

get,

rtvfofuu,

tTv\ov

perf.

(with
T(TV-

(with part.)
7 happen, am at the time (doing), as
Tvyx&voi wv, I happen to be.
l

Tvpuuov,

-ov, n.

Tyriaeum, a

town

-i)t,

(vyp6s,

carry water.

vtipo-4>6pos, -ov, m. and f.

carrier,
(vooip, water,

a water1

<f>tpa>,

carry.)
vScop, vSuros, n. water.

mos,

m. a

-ov,

vX-rj,

sort.

a wood,

(.

-rjs,

adj.

forest.

(Lat.

from u^fTs.)
n slowly
-^ ^ ea ^

; fut. -o^cw,
2 aor. -1770701', perf. pass, -rj-fftai.
and -a, -ov, in
-OK,
vrr-ai0pios,

the open air.

(VITU,

beneath, alOrjp,

sky.)

7 come, or
vir-apxos, -ov, m. one
under another ; i. e.

o /o meet.

f.fortunt chance.

T.
or brutally;
dppi^b), 7 act insolently,
I aor. vfipiffa, perf. pass, v
(\>Pptt, insolence.)

commanding
a

lieutenant

governor.
vir-dpxco, (i) 7

am to
7 am

start

am

at the beginning,
(2) with dat.

with.

on the

side

of.
(TO iiir*
apxovra, one's means.)
vir-ao-irt<rrr|s, -oC, m. a shield-bearer.
'
lit.
under a
derm's,
(vir6, and

shield.')

VJTP, prep., with gen. and ace. (root

meaning over, Lat. super). I. with
gen. i. over, above, beyond; ii.
behalf of, for, in the name of.
II. with ace. i. of motion, over, or

in

beyond;

ii.

more than.

of numbers, beyond,
In Composition, over,

overmuch.

7 cross over;

vco,
i,

(intrans.)

over

fut. -/Sijcro-

i aor. -iftijv.

in Phrygia (I. 66).

Tvp<5s, -ov, m. cheese.

ripen.?, -ton, f. a tower. (Lat. turns.)

Tvyp\,

vir-avTiAJw,

fold.

containing three
rpi-xotvlKOS, -ovt
A quart of
choenices, or quarts.
flour, or quartern loaf, was a man's
daily allowance.

X l lta

suppleness.

hence supple.)

vi8po-4>opeoj,

VIT-AY W >

glad ; lit. thrice-pleased.'

Tpis-x^ l l - a 'i "flj three-thousand.

Tpo<f>T|,

insolent,

vjitrtpos, -a, ov, yowr, yours, (poss.

aapevos,

rpls

'

TpiX"i]

f.

silva.)

Tpis-dap-tvos

Tp(ros,

brutal,

-6v,

-17,

(vfipts, insolence.)

v>YpoTT]S, -TJJTOS,

TpiaKocrioi, -ai, -a, three-hundred.

TpiT|ptjs, -otiy,

s,

vicious,

Zopafiov, perf. otopafirjica.

fut. -/SoXcD, 2 aor.

i

virtp-po\ f|,

-,

f.

or pass
-i&aAov.

a crossing, pass.

(vvip, /SoAAo;.)
v>irtp-T||AWVS,

>,

fl&ow

Afl//",

mori

than half.
-ov,
exceeding
vircp-ii4'T]Xos,
(See virp in Composition.)
tnr-<rx6(jitjv, 2 aor.

high.

VOCABULARY.
vnr-ex (l) 1 undergo, submit to ; fut. v<ptca, or viro-axn ffea 2 aor vir-taxov.
.

'

lit.

vnr-i^KOos, -ov, obedient, subject;

'
'
(from viro,
giving ear to

and

an

assist

(with dat.).

assistant

lit.

(yirrj-

an uuder-

'

rower," from (pirrjs, a rower.)

I promise, undertake;
v-no-ax^aofMi, perf. vir-iaxn-

viro, prep,

with gen.,

sfcep.

(same word

dat.,

as Lat. sub).

-a, -or, /a/er, after, behind.

vcj>-tT)(xi,

mid. of

v<p-irjni.

(Act.) 7 send or put under,

(Mid.) 7 grant, yield, submit;

7 place under
(trans.)
aor. vtrfiTTTjv and pass

t<j)-i(rTrjfti,

(intrans.)

undertake,

vv|;Tj\6s,

fut.

perf. pass. -]utu.

-77,

withstand, face

thi

my ground.

-w, high,

lofty.

vxj/os, -oi/$, n. height.

ii.
by, of the
verbs; so of

after passive
things, by reason of,

from

fear.

close
to
under,
towards, as viro

as

from,

with

II.

under, hence subject

#ao"Af. III. with ace.
ii.

dat.,

as

to,
i.

IITTO

of motion,
of time,

vvKra,

towards

gradually.
vnro-8xo|iav, I receive, welcome

fut.

-Ss'fo^mi.

\>Tro-8o, 7 bind or

86e/Vo(, ti<A
'

tie

under.

/Ar

sAoes

their [shoes]

having

(viro-

o,

lit.

bound under

a sandal, lit.
something bound under [the feet].'
urro-fvY lov -ov, n. lit. 'under the
yoke,' i.e. a beast of bur den, baggageanimal.
n.

-arcs,

'

xiTTO-Xtitra),

(Act.)

leave

behind,

2 aor. vir-i\nroi'.

(Mid.) llagbehind;
7 loosen, unfasten
uiro-Xvti),

fut.

-Xvffcu.

7 stay behind; fut. -/va>.

viir-owTfuo), 7 suspect, Lat. suspicio.
(vvo, and o^is, sight.)
7 <wr
6ac^, return;
v7ro-crTp<j)co,
viro-v.fvt,

-arptyca,

viir-oij/io, -et, f.

with pres. taOiu.

(Act.) I show; (Mid.)

j>aYiv, 2 aor.
4>aiv<i),

pear ;

fut. <pavS>, I aor.

a/>-

l^ra^perf.

pass, irttpaff^at, 2 aor. pass. t<pdvrjv.

(fxuvfrai tlvai, he seems to be; but

0euVT<u wi', Ae clearly is.

$a.\a.y, -ayyot, f. a phalanx, line of
battle, (as opp. to column).
aXtvos, -ov, m. Phalinus, a Greek
from Zacynthus, now Zante, one of
the Ionian islands.
-&,

4>avcpos,
clear.

-ov,

manifest,

visible,

(<paivca.)

4>avfp<x>s, (adv.) clearly, evidently.

[their feet].')
tnro-Srjjjia,

*.

viro

night, at nightfall. (Lat. subnoctem.)

In Composition, under, also secretly,

fut.

w ^-*

'^ e

under, hence

agent

<p6/3ov,

and ace.
I. with

"

va-rtpov, (adv.) afterwards.

enemy, stand

m.

gen.

varepos,

H<u, 2 aor. vir-tax<>itriv.

VPWVOS, -ov,

i.

i7/ip?>

(i/oTfpos.)

iKp-riffa),

urr-io~xveo(xai,
fut.

sc.

vffTfpaia,
cfcry.

v4>-i(ju|v, imperf.

O.KOVOJ),

{iir-T)peTw,
ptrrjs,

229

aor.

(i/ir6,

and

rfay a//er.

rp

suspicion.

o^is, sight.)
-a, -of,

pass,

inr-

-ov, n. medicine, drug,

hence poison.
fapvapafos, -ov, m. Pharnabazus,
satrap of Phrygia and Bithynia

((xxpfjuucov,

(VIII. I).
-5iv, pi. m. the Phasiani.
(i) an Armenian tribe dwelling on
the Araxes, which Xenophon calls
the Phasis (V. 178).
(2) a tribe
dwelling on the Colchian Phasis

*a<riavoi,

(VI. 211).
4>aai, 3 pi. pres. ind. of

<pr]fd.

4>ao-is, -180$, m. the Phasis.

(i) a
river in Armenia, flowing into the

Caspian Sea, properly called the

Araxes (V. 176). (2) a river in
Colchis, flowing westwards into the
Euxine (VI. 210).

VOCABULARY.
I

JxicrKa),

assert,

say,

used

only

in

and imperf. e<paaKov

part. <t>aa/c(av

see </"7/.
7 6rar, bring, carry; lead {of a

t>cp<i>,

road)

fut.

ofooa,

evf)vo\a,

perf.

peif. pass, fvrjvtyftat, 1 aor. Tjvtytca,

2 aor. (in I pers. 'ing.) fivtfKov.

(\a\crrws
annoyed.)

take

it

am

ill,

am

an

& (ptvyoiv,

hence

banished,

exile; fut. <f>tvonai,

perf. irf<p(vya, 2 aor. etpvyov.

/ say ; fut. (prjffca, 2 aor. ecprjv
4>7]|ii,

and tr^w,
ttprjIMi,

part,

imperf.

perf.

ttprjica,

often

and

<paffKcuv,

t<paat(ov.

I say no,

<pr)/j.i,

perf.

aor. pass. (pprjOrjv.

is

4>0ava>,

take

See
i.e.

(paaica).

(ov

7 Jewy,

re-

fut. (pQrjoofjuii, I aor. ((pQaaa.

JI(U > I utter a word, shout,
cry,

trumpet)

fut.

4>9ovfw, 7

e/ti/y,

-?;s,

<j>io.\T],

7 /ove

fut.

<pi\rioca.

-a,

f.

friendship.

(^)j'Aos,

rfear.)

4>i\iKos,

-17,

-6v, friendly.

4>iXiKuis, (adv.)

4>iAos,

-oi',

/oJ

q/"

war.

and 7roXt/<o, M/nr.)

-77,

-ov,

4>iXos, -ov,

dear, beloved,

hence

m. a friend.

66).

(I.

perf.

<f>paaca,

<(>pap, -arcs, n. a well.

cj>povt|xojs,

(adv. of

(adv.) prudently, sensibly,

4>povi.|Jios,

prudent).

4>povpos, -ov, m. a guard.

fypvy&vov, -ov, n. a faggot,
firewood.

^pvyia,
whole

in

pi.

-as,

f.

interior of the

Hellespont, while the interior province was called Phrygia Major,

or simply Phrygia.

m. an

exile,

(c^tvyca,

4>uyf|' -T}, (.flight, banishment.

4>viX&KY|, -77*, f. watch, guard. (ipv\aK&S <pv\a,TT(tv, to keep watch.)

$Xia<rios,
-a,
-ov,
Phliasian, or
inhabitant of Phlius, a town in
Argolis.

fut.

0vAd:ai,

sentinel.

pass.

perf.

I guard; (Mid.)
my guard, am ware of.
7 blow up, inflate; fut.

irt<p'v\aytMi, (Act.)

am

4>VT<i&>,

on

(pvff-qow, I aor. pass. i<pvarj0i)v.

7 produce, beget;

(intrans.) pf. irtyvica,

I am

born,

4>covn, -171,

dreadful.

m. a guard,

<|>jXa|, -OKOS,

<J>vw,

-ov, fearful,

fut.

jre<ppaKa.

soldier.)

-a,

a Phoenician

-IKOS,

(J>V\ATTW,

4>iXo-cTTpaTiwTT)s, -ov, m. a soldiers'

friend.
(<pi\os, and ffrpanwrrjt, a

4>oppos,

the palm-tree, (also

Iflee.)

fciXoftvos, -on, m. Philoxenus, a brave

Greek from Pellene in Achaia.

(<f>i\os,

m.

-IKOS,

purple).

4>VYas, -35os,

on friendly tern*.

4>iXios, -a, -ov, friendly.

(}>iXo TroXejxos,

purple.)
<|>oivi|,

this latter district was known as

Phrygia Minor, or Phrygia on the

dat.),

dear.)
cfiiXia,

4>oiviKios, -a, -ov, red, purple. (<{>oivt,

(<p&ot,

a cup, goblet,

phial.)
(juXcco,

a palm-tree.)

(hence

grudge, (with

fut. -77(70;.
f.

the palm-country,' from

(lit.

Phrygia, originally the

western half
of Asia Minor, but extending on
the North-west to the Hellespont
and Propontis. In Xenophon's time

tpOtyfo-

aor. ((pOtyfafirjv.

'

Sidon,

$ow.,

4>0YYI
fj.at,

Its

4>pda>, 7 say, tell;

"/ before, anticipate, over-

sound (of

Mount Carmel in the south.

two chief towns were Tyre and

north to

The

/'.)
7

4>6pos, -ov, m. fear, alarm, fright.

froiviKT], -171, f. Phoenicia, the coast of
Syria from the river Orontes on the

pass.

the

(Mid.) 7

fut. <po@qff<u.

/ear;

(/>otVjf ,

/ flee

4>ev>Y<o,

tpfpca,

<t>opw, (Act.) I frighten;

(jiws,

f.

9cuTot,

light.

am

fut. <pvaw,
^ aor. i<pw,

by nature.

voice, speech.
n. (contr. from

<pnot),

VOCABULARY.

231

Xuov, -ovos,

X.

f.

xXajjivs, -voos,

co,

am

rejoice,

x 'P
f

perf.

am

XaXeiraivco, 7

fut.

glad;

/fa '

angry,

aor

\aipass.

am provoked,

(with dat.)
XaXt-n-os,

hard,

-uv,

(of

difficult,

character) harsh.

-77,

(x<*-

(contr.) x a^ KO ^S,

-of,

-a,

made of bronze or

-ovv,

perf. Ktxprifjiai, I aor. fxp'jffafj.tjv.

copper.

XptifAa, -arcs, n.

a people in Pontus, north of Armenia, famed for their iron mines

(V. 177).

a gully, ravine.

f.

-tv,

-ecrcra,

Xapieis,
clever,

neat,

graceful,

(x^pis, grace.)
~

s, -tros,

favour, thanks, grati-

f.

XP IV

diro8(5(W(

a favour;

tx fiv

>

to

return
to

X^PLV,

feel

grateful.
-on,

Xi[Awv, -cufos, m.
wintry weather,

(i) winter.
(2)
storm.
(Lat.

hiems.)

Xtp, X

6 'P^ S >

a hand ; dat.

pi. x P
m. Cheirisophus,
f

a>l -

under Cyrus.
as comp. of KaK6s,

(x e <P <w

ace. sing, or neut. pi.,

X^'pofes or x f 'P vas -)

-of, (of

-17,

an omen)

-of,

5,

serviceable,

useful,

use.)

Xpovos, -ov, m. time; iro\vv xpovov,

for a long fane.
-a,

-77, -ov*',

-of,

-ov, n.

Xpvaiov,

(contr.)

xp vtrolOS'

(xpvffos.)

golden,

gold-money, (dimin.

XpveroiroXis, -ecus, f. Chrysopolis, a

city of Bithynia on the Bosporus,
now Scutari. (Lit. 'the golden
Xpvo-os, -ov, m. gold.
-as, f. a country, district, territory; also place, position.

Xupa,

7 go, march, proceed;

Xtopcw,

fl

p vs f

fut.

f.

pier,

breakwater,

(shaped like a claw).

XiXtoi. -at, -a, a thousand.
XiXos, -oO, m. fodder, grass.
-euros,

shirt, tunic.

-ov,

n.

place,

especially
also

fortified place, fort, position;

space of ground, (dimin. of

Cs,

(adv.) apart, separately.

Xfpo'oV^o'os, f. the
Chersonese, in Thrace (I. 26, note)
-ijs,

X&>pov,

for xfipova,
'

or

Xeppovnrjo-os,

XITWV,

may

\<upr)a(a.
f-

Xipi(7o4>os, -ov,
Spartan general
Xeipwv, -or, used
worse, inferior.

XT|\T|,

that which

city.')

m.

Charmimis, a
Lacedaemonian envoy (VII. 328).

Xapp.ivos,

'

lit.

par/ending gain. (xpr)i-i.ara, money}

~-"~i, infin. of XP 1?i, pres. infin. of xp^^ at

Xpvcreos,

Xapiop.ai, 7 gratify, favour, oblige ;

I
aor. (\apiff a. fj.T]V, perf.
xa

tude.

~
xpfa^t lm

wse.)

(Xpa.ofJ.ai,

-as,

one

necessary,
fut.

be used;' generally in plural Xp~f][xara, property, money, (x/xio/xat, 7

XpT)|AaTumKos,
XO.XKOS, -oO, m. copper, bronze.
XdXv|3es, -tav, pi. m. the Chalybcs,

XapdBpa,

is

it

(impers.)

must, one ought

perf. (XPH V
-

(adv.) with difficulty.

\cnuis <f>(pfiv, to take it ill.)

XaXemos,
XO.XKOS,

m. grass, provender.
Xpdo(xai, 7 use, employ, treat, deal
w'th, (with dat.); fut. x/"7"' /"1 '!
Xc'pros, -ov,

XP>J,

-TI,

snow.
f. a cloak.

m. an under garment,
(Lat. tunica.)

\|/<Xiov, -ov, n.

bracelet.

\|/v5co, (Act.)

deceive; (Mid.) 7

play any one false;

perf.

pass.

tiftvfffMt,

fut.
I

lie,

ifxvaca,

aor.

pass.

iif/tva6r]v.
\|/r|<|>io|xai,
(\f/rj<pot,

\l/iX6s,

-T],

I vole;

I aor. (i//T)<piaaftr)v.

a pebble for voting.

-6v, bare ; light-armed.

VOCABULARY.
7 make a noise, clash (of a

4/o<t>(o),

shield).
">7 S >

4>vX rl
4/vxos,

noise.)

(ifrotyos,

'A

f-

so;//,

///(?.

n. cold.

-oi/t,

uvios, -a, -or, /or safe.

commodities.
of oiofuu.
<p6|AT|V, imperf.
topa, -as,

T<i

f.

a season, hour, time.

aor. act. of op^dca.

(Lat.

Aora.)
cop[j.T]Qro,

upp.i]|jiai, perf. pass,

ft.

sign ot the vocative.

iSe, (adv.) thus, as follows (introduc-

u>,

ing a speech).
aJS-q,

f.

-775,

from

aotor],

song,

ojT|OTjv, I aor. pass,

hidtw,

I push;

from
I sing.)

(contr.

atiSaj, a5oj,

of OIO/MU.

fut.

wffca,

perf. toiHa,

I aor. tojffa.

uj0io-p.6s, -oO,

m. a pushing, jostling.

cpKovv, imperf. of oiKta.

uSXf era,

aor. act. of o\\Vfj.i.

ciXXvpiTjv, imperf. mid. of oAAt>j.

iX6p.Tr]v, 2 aor. mid. of o\\vfj.i.
J>|x6s,

-17,

-OK,

raw/;

(of character)

savage, cruel.
iLjios,

-ou,

m.

b>p(pvY)JtT]v, pluperf. pass, of opvrroi.

u>S, (conj.) (i) AOK/, fls, as j/"; with

as to.
orrfer
(2) Ma/, t
With
(3) s/wcf, because.
numerals, about, as els c^aroc, about
a hundred. With superlatives, as
ws Ta^'ora. as quickly as possible.
infin. so

/Aa/.

uxravTws, (adv.) in lite manner.

&o"irtp,just as if, just as.
wcrre, (with Ind.) so that, (with Infin.)
so as to.
tiris, -tSo$,

shoulder.

(Lat.

WTH^rws.)
up.oaa, I aor. act. of o^ivvfu.

u)V0(iai, 7 6wji; fut. uiv^trofjuii, 1 aor.

twpia(j.T)v.
(See irpiaadai.)

f.

a bustard.

WTOS, gen. of ov*.

u(}>eX(o>,

/Ae

of oppa<a.

wpp,ovv, imperf. act. of o/)/'aj.

J>p)juo|XT]v, imperf. mid. of dp/taw.

wtpfKovv,

help, benefit; imperf.

aia*,

fut.

from &<pt\ov,
ui}>fXi}jios,

-;,

(Distinguish

-Tjffu.

2 aor,

-or,

imperf. o

of

6<p(i\o>.)

profitable,

useful.

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.
The

references are in all cases to the Notes; the

more important are distinguished

by a difference of type.

Article.
Article

otitot, OIKOI,

subject

distinguishing

viii.

206;

iii.

predicate,

93

269;

15

i.

70

noun by

its
i.

109

inter-

iv. 1

24

141, 163.

Pronoun.

?f

and

fi,

%,

iv.

vii.

Verbal nouns

306

vi.

268

190

201.

vii.

233.

i.

in

viii.

viii.

in -fia,

iv.

CASE.
Attraction of relative,

290;

i.

vii.

viii.

526.

Nominative with
283

infinitive, iv.

vii.

of respect,
vi.

vi.

fol-

161, 510.

ols, @ovs, etc.,

Distinguish between
SptffTov, apiarov, iii. 15 ;
Paffi\(ia t }affi\(ia, i. 9.

i.

288.

262; iii. 98;

3 6 3 6 4-

viii - I

345:

286 ;

31, 249.

126;

v.

>

iv.

iv.

IOI.

of respect, v. 129.

255

of time, iv.
101, 163.
partitive, iv.

Substantive.
Declension of

202

and

-ffts

73.
Genitive, absolute,

275.

thrown back from

lowing word,

50.

236.

of time,

oirroffl, i.

248.
ravra and ravrd,

vi.

vii.

Accusative, cognate,
double, viii. 383.
-g,

47.

quarters,' iv. 4; vii. 162.

v.

<pa\ay(,
268.

vii.

in indirect questions, iv.

ravrtiv, \. 198.
ri$ with accent

'

ntXraffrai and tf>i\oi,

TrpojSoA^, vii. 206.

viii.

209

69, 254.
tlaiv 01, vi. 45.
(KtlVOS, V. 62.
77,

= t>n\i'Tai,

TO. oir\a,

314.
of nominative into relative clause,

vii.

17,

<f>v\aicas, vi. 4.

<pv\ands t

Meanings of:

196;

avrrj

vans

298.

with infinitive, see Mood.

with participle, iv. 94; vi. 133,
202 ; viii. 356.
with was, iii. 112; vi. 137.
with jroXis, v. 82
vj. 158.

and avrr), v. 1 1 6.
avros o ?.nd 6 OVTOS, i.

i.

opos, opos, v. 182.

otr\a
iii.

160.

viii.

separated from
vening words,
viii.

iv.

319.

possessive use of,

iv.

from

127

v.

v.

280

66, 319;

vii.

viii.

no.
vii.

34.

vii.

168.

Dative, as complement in apposition,

iv. 8l
commodi,
;

(0t\ovTas, i0f\ovTas, vi.395-

viii.

51.

v. 9.

instrumental,

iii.

135;

Tavry, p, as local adverbs,

vii.

147.

v. 22, 71.

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

234

NUMBER.

229.
Trapd, with dat.,

with ace.

viii.

279;

i.

beside,'

318

motion

vii.

'along,'

to,

'

vii

as feminine dual, vi. 347.

viii.

Adjectives.

iv.

82.

comparison, viii. 405.

iv. 76 ;
contrary to,' iii. 75
290.
in composition, vii. 200, 207
1 08.
with ace., of behaviour to,'
iTtfii,

GENDER.

TW

322

i.

135.

286.

iv.

'

Dual adjective with plural noun,

ia8j

i.

viii.

v. 17.

iv.

with ace. versus gen.,

Dual for emphasis, v. 17 ; viii. 355.

Dual subject with plural verb, iv. 134;

'

aAXos, vii. 122.

avTuparos, v. 9.
Stivos, v.
fifaos, iv.

208

TroAAoC agios,
rj7

viii.

172

v.

ii.

207.

34.

irpos Oftav, viii. 72.

135.

noun omttted,

vffrtpaiq, etc., with

i.

viii.

4I3.
ol TTfpl, with ace., viii. 290.
trpos, with gen., v. 56.
with dat. versus ace.,
ffiiv, iv.

327.'

iiiro,

in

viii.

389.

128.

comp.,

iv.

219.

Prepositions.
av&, distributive,

iv. 1

in composition,

i.

78.
7; v. 322.

avci Kparos, ii. 5.

iwo, in composition,

145, 221.
8i, in composition,

loo
with
viii.

vi.

271

viii.

273;

iv.
viii.

309

v.

10,

vii.

ace.,

277

79

'

276

vi.

15

205

vii. 5.

271.

duoQvijaicca,

vii.

133,

33condition, iv.

350;

vi.

2OI.

vii.

130.

object or aim,

iv.

209

vi.

153' *37| viii. 423.

in composition, iv. 232.
KO.T&, with gen., vii. 230.
with ace. (distributive force),
231 ; viii. loo.

16

ii.

53

viii.

518.

viii.

139

TiOrjfit, fitiiMi (and

compounds),

221

vii.

dvayi'yi'&ffKOJ,

viii.

ota0&\\(a,

i. 1

viii.

59.

237

i.

dito@\eTTa},

vi

145.

2.

viii.

97.

75.

itriTiOffuu, vii. 20.

if nioi,

viii.

K&pvu,

vi.

274.
268.

irappfyyvaw,
IT.

57

III.

198.

oincfo>, iii.

v.

viii.

(KiriirTcv, vi.

tuxptpopai,

223;

284.

Peculiar meanings
vii.

47.

7ra<rxa>, iroitca, viii.

207

71.

i.

viii.

(K@a\\aj,

i.

in

ii.
;
99 ; v. 330.
19 ; vii. 80.
Passive supplied by other verbs

iffTrint, i.

airoKTiivca,
1

IK naifiuv,

Kp6.ro*,

vii. 1

&aj9<jSd<v, 8ta/3aiV<u,

146, 498.
pregnant' use of, i. 88.
iv. 2OI.
iv, of time, vi. 15, 72, 174.
firi, with gen. 'on a base of,'
with dative

viii.

extent,

Transitive and Intransitive

2

33

iii.

-o>,

atptw, a\iffKonai,

ds, with numerals, vii. 140.

ftc, of time or consequence, i. 85,

with ace.

in

187.

rtp&TT(a, iv.

88, 184.

478.

purpose,

iii.

-6ca,
vii.

verbs

Compound

X<*>, iv.

versus

gen.

Verbs.

vii.

186.

2 1 8.
irpoirivca, viii.

ffvffieevAfrncu,

vndf>x<u, vi.

viii.

172.

176.

267*

iii

GRA MMA TICA L REGISTER.

Phrases

ixtiv alnav,

X<" irpayfMra,
/

vi.

Sovvai,
\.

252

63;

vii.

54

242 ;
viii.

172;
vi.

\6\ov,

MOOD.
Indicative

v.

54

55.

ii.

at pa, alpeeu,

i.

125

fiyvofMi, iv.

92, 235.

282;

iv.

viii.

i.

Forms

172.

viii.

(<picrrr]^i, iv.

imara^OLL,

^a,

^*oi,

fj/t>,

fpxonai,

v.

viii.

69, 148.

314 ;

IT.

34

38XavGdvea,

Tvyx vu

136.

01

tfaOijv, jjaffoni]!', ii.

^X^W".
iv.

Xt'^o), A.177W,

dv, bpulta,

'

vi.

13.

'

vi.

iv.

vii.

i.

16;

vii.

251. 371.

(pofttio, v.

145.
i.

373;

ii.

108

vii.

and verb,

i.

269

261;

38, 101

(xonffot,

Future,

71, 79, 360.

ii.

?x<uv

24

260;

<pfp6fjuvot, v. 273.
Verbal adjective, iv. 142 ; v. 238 ; vii.

185.

TENSE.

99.
Xajuj3di/o>, v. 265.
iropfvdj iii. 141.
ovn@ov\<vsa, iv. 145

</>vAaTTW,

vi.

251.
*> 330.

viii.

diro5('5cu/u, viii

151;

119

viii.

55.

Tf/j<i>pa>, i.

81.

viii.

Imperfect,

iv.

64;

133

377.

l(6v, iv. 55

VOICE.
Active and Middle (difference of)
iii.

iii.

-<pr)v,

= conjunction

194.
204.
J
69; v. 334.
;

viii.

>

ofta. etc.,
viii.

35-

190

161

i.

xot**) v <

31.

ofSa, yiyvwoKca, v.

alpf<u, iv.

-oirjv,

91.
i.

in

Infinitive

150.

1lpopr)v, rjpovfjtTjv,

463.

with article, i. 24 ; iii. 196 ;

iv.
97; vi. 301 ; vii. 153.
with av, i. 117.
of purpose, v. 158
vii.
90, 115,
265 ; viii. 227.
with
i.
Participle
alaxvyofMi,
215; iv.

16.

196.

i.

344.

38l.

ftpyai, Ipydfanai, vii. 77.

ftrr&aav, iarrjaav.

viii.

Fut. Opt. in reported speech, iv. 289.

158.

tltrov, tlrrofirjv, ii.

Peri",

vii.

question,

for fut. indicative, viii.

273.

dnodiSpdffKU, dirofpfvya),
SoKta), (paivofucu. vi. 226.

iluwaj.

181

vi.

indirect

statement,

203.

aiTica, alriaofMU, iv. 21,

alrfoj. (pwTao), iii. 43.

^X^ 7?".

214, 343.

viii.

in reported speech, vi. 8 ;

304, 461.
past subjunctive, iv. 13; vi. 108.

ment,

/*i,

iii.

viii.

310;

38,

vii.

deliberative, viii. 22J, 379, 525.

in indefinite
or uncertain state-

iii.

ayvvfii, ay<u (in certain tenses), iv.

35

compounds of av,

viii.

13; vi. loi.

XpdofMt, with dat., vi. 338.
Distinguish between
,

reported
32.

viii.

Optative

36.

on\a, i. 83.
irpo@a\tffdat
Construction of OKOVU, with gen.,
;

5, 125

67; v. 243;
243, 418.

vi.

in

Optative

ii.

Subjunctive after

rci

43

for

speech,

308.

206.

vii.

i.

368

KKTJV

S'mrjv iiriQtlvii,

Sint]v t\tiv, viii.

134;

Of iv bpopy, ii.
0t<r6ai o-n\a,
noitiv

viii.

131;

vi.

230

Present

historical,

viii.

viii.

nasalised,

499.
306.

QI.

passive in middle sense,

*> 39. 4 1 vi>- 88

i.

with wd\ai,
Imperfect,

iii.

1;

i.

79; v.

ii.

296
vi.

187;
v.

314.

310.

general

force,

* 98; vi. 389;

310, 273, 545.

17.5;
v.

1321

viii.

wrsMS

Aoriit,

vii.

21

3,

iii.

38

vii.

iv.

5,74;

374, 313

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.
Aorist rendered by pluperfect,
v. 40.
ii. 118;
Paulo-post Future, iii. 77-

Particles.

254;

i.

dAXi,

Tenses of \tyca = speak,' and 'gather,'

131
300.

iii.

vii.

'

v. 6.

in

Augment
v.

141

(ica&t^ofirjv, etc., iv.

viii.

60

223.

d\\d
dAAa

ft,

iv.113;
v. 173;

viii.

52, 148, 155, 409.

vi.

ivttSr),

viii.

367;

iv. 221.
with pres. and
205.

onus,

321

vii.

219.

fut.

70 j

part., ii.

v.

as

if,'

wart, with

viii.

viii.

vi.

viii.

361.
534.

15.

indie., v.

127

93;

vi.

KOI

wv,

v.

in

viii.

180;

v.

vi.

96.

241.

i.

161,

igoj

vi.

144;

294.
iii.

129;

346.
v.

t,

vii.

45;

iv.

8(,

207

vii.

19.

271

viii.

6.

i.
.

viii

*eu,

358.

21.

H%, after verbs of hindering,

242 ; v. 310.
with participle, v. 123.

etc., viii.

186.

^77

oi'5, vi.

ov

37.

vi.

versus
viii.

229;

in '(, vi.

202

v.

ov,

265

^r)v, viii.

ov-<pr)iu. iv.

vii.

I'rinted in

England

at tlie

vi.

91,

iv,

240;

145.

420.
i.

127.

278

vii.

Multiplied negatives,

3>4. 354-

etc.,

121.

oi'K-iOi\u,

85.

-Btv,

iv.

287.

iv.

Negatives.

irot, TTUV, vii.

84

vi.

H\v 817, iv. 8.

ptv ovv, ii. 83;

i.

o^aa, &(*oiwt,

iv.

223;
71.
285 ; vii. 135.

8,

viii.

oSv,
T .

174.

oAAax},

32

iii.

320.

3CX3.
nal ITUIS, v. 2 1 6.

47; with

109; viii. 524.

Distinguish between

Adverbs

Srj, iii.

viii.

427.

lyyvi, comparison of,

$fy, viii. 355, 497.
irXyniov,

Hal

522.

Adverbs.

oiifapfi,

21

i.

v.

vi.

9ap,

viii.

ir.fin., viii.

vii.

305

Hal

20.

<rirtp, v.

avrov,

senses of,

piv

with superlative, v. 185

with numerals, iv. 293;

Atl, iv.

vfl.

60.

iii.

HTJV,

Ka't,

KO.I

v.

"5'

141.

viii.

vii.

54.

with

vii.

iii.

817,

i$

a or., vi.

npiv, with opt., viii. 484.

in sentence with vpuaOtv, iv. 121.
t!/,

v 113

199

='or,'

with opt.,
iv.

23

246;
372, 387.
210; iv. 8, 263, 355;
viii.
229
419.

yt,

iva, viii. 184.

iinort,

v.

175.

i.

tart,
i'a.'s,

infin., iv. 1

vi.

6.

drop,

See forms of conditionalscm

-optatwe.
with

258, 270

258, 31 7.
367.

...

civ,

vi.

futv, viii.

-with past indie./

see Subjunctive,
tav (forms 'of conditional sentence),

Inti,

217

dv, with relative pron.,

Conjunctions.
Combined with

UTIV, vi.
.

v.

Oxford University

I'res-.

141.

1141;

ii.

59.

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