topophilia

A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PERCEPTION, ATTITUDES, AND VALUES

WITH A NEW PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR

YI.FU TUAN

~
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK

contents

acknowledgments, ix
preface to the morningside edition, xi

CHAPTER ONE

introduction, 1

CHAPTER TWO

common traits in perception: the senses, 5

Vision.
Hands and tactile sense.
Hearing.
Smell.
Perceiving with all the senses.
Perception and activity.

CHAPTER THREE

common psychological structures and responses, 13

Rationalization.
Scale of human perception.
Segmentation.

Binary oppositions.
Resolution of contradictions.

Substances and cosmological schemata.

Harmonious whole, binary opposition, and cosmological schemata.

Symbolism and cosmological schemata.

Color psychology and symbolism.

Spatial psychology and symbolism.

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contents

contents

CHAJ'TER NINE

CHAPTER FOUR

environment and topo,

ethnocentrism, symmetry, and space, 30

Ethnocentrism.

Ethnocentrism and cosmic diagrams among non literate peoples.

Early Greek maps.

Chinese ethnocentrism.
T-O (orbis terrarum) maps.
Europe at the world's center.

The center of the land hemisphere.

Exceptions.

Environment and Elysium

Greek environment and te
Landscape and landscape
Chinese environment and

CHAPTER TEN

from cosmos to landsc

CHAPTER FIVE

personal worlds: individual differences and preferences, 45

Physiological individuality.

Temperament, talent, and attitudes.

Sex.

Age.

Stratified cosmos.
Na
The axial transformation
Comparison with Chines
Architecture and the Ian
toward spatial extension
Symbolism and sacredne
Cyclical time and linear

CHAPTER SIX

culture, experience, and environmental attitudes, 59

CHAPTER ELEVEN

Culture and perception.

Sex roles and perception.

Visitor and native.

Explorers and settlers at the pioneer fringe.

Indians and Anglo-Americans in New Mexico.

Changes in environmental attitude: mountain.

CHAPTER SEVEN

the ideal city and

S)'n

Emergence of the city

Symbols of cosmos and
Architectural symbols e
Brasilia-a modem ide:

CHAPTER TWELVE

environment, perception, and world views, 75

physical setting and

Environment and perception.'

Perceptual acuity and the challenge of harsh environments.

Environment and world view.

Riverine environments, cosmology, and architecture.

Environments and life

Athens and Rome.
Georgian and Victoria'
The automobile city:

CHAPTER EIGHT

topophilia and environment, 92

Topophilia.
Aesthetic appreciation.
Physical contact.
Health and topophilia,
Familiarity and attachment.
Patriotism.
Urbanization and attitude to the countryside.
Wilderness.

CHAPTER THiRTEEN

american cities: syn

Symbols and metaphr

Booster imagery--eity
Image, experience, ar
The view from belov

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contents

CHApTER NINE

environment and topophilia, 113

iterate peoples.

world's center.
ms.

Environment and Elysium.

Environments of persistent appeal.

Greek environment and topophilia.

Landscape and landscape painting in Europe.

Chinese environment and topophilia.

CHAPTER TEN

from cosmos to landscape, 129

f preferences, 45

Age.

Stratified cosmos.
Nature, landscape, and scenery.

The axial transformation of the European world view.

Comparison with Chinese attitudes.

Architecture and the landscape garden:

toward spatial extension and the visual response.

Symbolism and sacredness: premodern responses.

Cyclical time and linear time.

itudes, 59

otion,

CHAPTER ELEVEN

the ideal city and symbols of transcendence, 150

Emergence of the city ideal.

Symbols of cosmos and urban forms.

Architectural symbols of transcendence.

Brasilia-a modern ideal city.

,75
ronrnents.

ure.

CHAPTER TWELVE

physical setting and urban life styles, 173

Environments and life styles.
Ch'ang-an and Hang-chou.

The medieval city.

Athens and Rome.

Georgian and Victorian street scenes.

The automobile city: Los Angeles.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

american cities: symbolism, imagery, perception, 192

cal con tact.
hrnent.

countryside.

Symbols and metaphors.

Specific urban symbols.

Imageability.

Booster imagery-city nicknames.

The urban neighborhood.

Image, experience, and class.

The view from below.
Recapitulations.

vii

contents

viii

CHAPTER FOUTEEN

suburbs and new towns: the search tor environment, 225

Suburb-"beyond the wall."

Suburb-reaction to the city.

The growth of suburbs.

Appearance and changes in appearance.

Suburban values and ideals.

Model villages and new towns.

acknowle

CHAPTER FIFTEEN

summary and conclusions, 245

index, 249

Acknowledging one's i
for the realization that
endless and innumeral
enough to write a boc
of disparate topics. H<
happy influences with
fantasy: the Berkeley
I was a graduate stu!
encouragement of Jo]
the liberal structure c
courages its faculty tc
rather than "resourc
proved slots of the di
I wish to expres
tion for a fellowship,
mental attitudes at It
Thanks are ext
mission to quote bri
Payne for The Whit
IX