9700 May June 2010 All Mark Schemes

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level and GCE Advanced Level
MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

for the guidance of teachers
9700 BIOLOGY
9700/11
Paper 11 (Multiple Choice), maximum raw mark 40
Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the
examination.
CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE
Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.
Page 2
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Mark Scheme: Teachers version

GCE A/AS LEVEL May/June 2010
Syllabus
9700
Question
Number
Key
Question
Number
Key
1
2
D
C
21
22
C
C
3
4
5
C
C
D
23
24
25
A
A
D
6
7
B
A
26
27
B
A
8
9
10
D
A
B
28
29
30
B
C
D
11
12
A
C
31
32
B
C
13
14
15
B
A
D
33
34
35
A
B
D
16
17
C
D
36
37
A
C
18
19
20
D
C
B
38
39
40
A
C
B
UCLES 2010
Paper
11
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9700 BIOLOGY
9700/12
examination.
Page 2
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Syllabus
9700
Question
Number
Key
Question
Number
Key
1
2
B
C
21
22
C
A
3
4
5
B
D
D
23
24
25
A
A
D
6
7
D
B
26
27
A
A
8
9
10
A
C
B
28
29
30
D
C
B
11
12
A
C
31
32
A
C
13
14
15
C
D
C
33
34
35
B
A
C
16
17
D
B
36
37
D
C
18
19
20
C
B
C
38
39
40
D
B
A
UCLES 2010
Paper
12
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9700 BIOLOGY
9700/13
examination.
Page 2
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Syllabus
9700
Question
Number
Key
Question
Number
Key
1
2
D
A
21
22
C
A
3
4
5
C
A
C
23
24
25
B
D
C
6
7
D
D
26
27
C
B
8
9
10
A
B
C
28
29
30
C
A
B
11
12
D
C
31
32
B
C
13
14
15
D
A
D
33
34
35
D
C
B
16
17
C
B
36
37
C
A
18
19
20
A
D
B
38
39
40
B
A
A
UCLES 2010
Paper
13
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9700 BIOLOGY
9700/21
Paper 2 (AS Structured Questions), maximum raw mark 60
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
examination.
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Page 2
1

GCE AS/A LEVEL May/June 2010
Syllabus
9700
(a) (i) glycosidic ;
[1]
(ii) hydrolysis / hydrolytic ;
[1]
(iii) assume that the answer refers to within the cell unless told otherwise
accept any two relevant examples, e.g.
solvent / medium for reactions ;
transport medium ;
maintaining turgidity / keeping firm / prevents flaccidity / AW ;
(raw material / reactant for) photosynthesis / photolysis ;
expansion / elongation / growth ;
maintains, hydrostatic pressure / pressure potential ;
maintains water potential (gradient) ;
A maintains osmotic gradient / prevents plasmolysis
stomatal opening ;
hydrophilic interactions of membranes ;
(in vacuole) pushes chloroplast to edge of cell ;
R hydrogen bonding unqualified by ref. to membranes
(b) spherical / ball-shaped / AW ;
has a tertiary structure ; ignore quaternary
hydrophilic / polar, groups on outside ;
water soluble ;
ignore more than one polypeptide
(c) (i) active site ; ignore binding / catalytic
(ii) 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Paper
21
(shape of) U / active site, gives specificity ; A ecf from (i)

substrate, fits into / binds with, active site / U ; A ecf from (i)
complementary (shape) / matching shape ;
A lock and key / induced fit R same shape
further detail of substrate binding to active site ;
forms, enzyme-substrate / E-S, complex ;
causes stress in substrate / AW ;
lowers activation energy / reactions occur at low(er) temperatures ;
not used up in reaction / remain unchanged / reusable ;
high turnover number / catalyse many reactions per unit time ;
[2 max]
[2 max]
[1]
[4 max]
[Total: 11]
UCLES 2010
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Page 3
2

Syllabus
9700
Paper
21
(a) award two marks if correct answer (29) or (28) is given

allow +/ 1 mm in reading the line
100 000 m / 3 500 = (28.57)
or (28.29 if measured 99 mm) or (28.86 if measured 101 mm)
29 ;; A 28 only if 99 mm measured
award one mark if correct measurement is divided by the magnification or if answer is given
to one or more decimal places
[2 max]
(b) (i) stretch / expand / lengthen, on inspiration and, recoil / shorten, on expiration ;
A alternatives for inspiration and expiration but R contract and relax
(stretch) to increase, surface area / volume of air, for, diffusion / gas exchange ;
(recoil) to (help), expel air / force air out ; ignore contract
prevent alveoli, bursting / breaking / AW ; R collapsing
[2 max]
(ii) ignore moist
correct ref. to diffusion of, carbon dioxide / oxygen ; A absorb / lose / AW
(many alveoli) large surface area ;
surrounded by, (many) capillaries / capillary network / AW ;
short diffusion distance (between air and blood) ;
blood maintains concentration gradient ;
epithelium / alveolar wall / AW, thin / squamous ; A alveolus one cell thick
A alveolus has a thin wall
R cell wall e.g. alveolar cell wall is thin
idea that very little between, epithelium and endothelium / AW ;
e.g. alveolus and capillary are close together
[4 max]
(c) (i) assume answers are about person with emphysema, accept ora if clear
fewer alveoli / (large) holes ;
A alveolar walls broken down / fewer air sacs / alveoli burst / destroyed
less / destroyed / broken, elastic tissue / elastin ; ignore damaged
R no, elastin / elastic fibres
small(er) surface area ;
fewer capillaries ;
named change(s) to bronchial tissue ; e.g. enlarged goblet cells, more mucus, scar
tissue, scarred, narrow lumen in airways, inflammation, damaged / no, cilia
ref. to tar deposits ;
R collapsed lung tissue
[2 max]
(ii) shortness of breath (when exercising) / breathlessness ;
A breathing difficulty
wheezing / AW (on inspiration) ;
rapid breathing rate / hyperventilation / decreased ability to hold breath ;
R heavy breathing
chest, tightness / pain ;
cyanosis / bluish appearance to the skin / AW ; A pale
fatigue / tiredness / lethargy / weakness / dizziness / AW ;
coughing / coughing up blood ;
lots of mucus produced / much phlegm ;
expanded / barrel, chest ;
R ref. to oxygen concentration of the blood
R small vital capacity
[2 max]
[Total: 12]
UCLES 2010
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Page 4
3

Syllabus
9700
(a) (i) right ventricle ;

pulmonary vein ;
Paper
21
[2]
(ii) ignore close to prevent backflow allow ref to one side only
valve opens to allow blood from atria to ventricles ;
when ventricles contract, valves close (to stop backflow) ;
A valves close when blood is pumped out of the ventricles
ref. to pressure difference between chambers ;
(b) 1 ;
5;
2;
4;
[2 max]
[4]
(c) 1
SAN sends out, wave of excitation / impulses ; A electrical (im)pulses

R once only - nervous impulse(s) / pulse(s) / signal(s) / wave(s)
R if brain stimulates SAN to send out impulses
2 spreads across atria ;
3 atria contract / atrial systole ;
4 fibrous ring / non-conducting tissue / insulating tissue ;
5 prevents, it reaching the ventricles / ventricles contracting at the same time (as atria) ;
6 AVN sends on wave of excitation to ventricles ;
A in context impulse reaches AVN and is passed on to ventricles
7 (therefore) time delay to allow, atria to empty / atria to complete contraction / ventricles
to fill / atria and ventricles do not contract at the same time ;
8 time ref. 0.10.2 seconds ;
9 Purkyne tissue conducts, excitation / impulses, to base of, septum / ventricles ;
A apex of heart
10 spreads upwards in ventricle (walls) ;
11 (so) ventricles contract from base upwards / ventricles force blood up from base ;
[5 max]
[Total: 13]
UCLES 2010
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Page 5
4

Syllabus
9700
Paper
21
(a) caused by pathogen, transmissible / communicable / contagious / transferable / passed from

one person to another ;
A for pathogen microorganism / any two named types of microbe
R parasite unqualified
[1]
(b) R virus or bacteria once in the answer
female, Anopheles (mosquito) ;
takes blood (meal) from an (infected) person, feeds on an (uninfected) person ;
R bite unless qualified with blood
Plasmodium / parasite, transmitted in (mosquitos) saliva ;
Plasmodium / parasite, blood transfusion / shared needles / across placenta / at birth ;
[2 max]
(c) max 3 for malaria max 3 if pathogen(s) is virus or bacterium
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(d) 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Anopheles / mosquito / vector, survives / breeds / lives, within the tropics / in hot and
humid areas ; ora
Plasmodium / pathogen / parasite, needs to reproduce within the mosquito (at
temperatures above 20C) ;
eradicated in some countries outside the tropics ;
ref. to LEDCs and, poor / non-existent, mosquito control programmes ;
mosquitoes resistant to, DDT / insecticides / pesticides ;
Plasmodium resistant to, drugs / chloroquine / other named drug ;
TB is transmitted, by, droplets / coughing / sneezing ; A in the air
no vector / no mosquito / no requirement for hot or humid conditions ;
ref. to, HIV infection / lower immunity / immunocompromised ;
[4 max]
active immunity ;
vaccine contains, antigen(s) / pathogen / microorganism / named type ;
(primary) immune response ;
B lymphocytes / B cells / plasma cells, synthesise / produce / secrete / release,
antibodies ;
ref. to T helper cells (enhancing humoral response) ;
clonal selection / described ;
specific, (T / B) lymphocytes / antibodies ; A particular / AW
memory cells, remain (in circulation) / give long-term immunity / give immunological
memory / AW ;
fast(er) second(ary) response ;
ref. to boosters / AW ;
immunised person cannot spread disease to others ;
herd immunity / unimmunised people are safe(r) ;
surveillance of population for signs of disease / when there is an outbreak ;
ref. to ring immunity / AW ;
[5 max]
[Total: 12]
UCLES 2010
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Page 6
5

Syllabus
9700
Paper
21
(a) interphase / S phase / synthesis phase ; R G1/G2 unqualified by interphase
[1]
(b) (i) hydrogen ;
[1]
(ii) M = adenine and O = cytosine ;
[1]
(c) each strand, of DNA acts as a template (for the synthesis of a complementary strand) ;
A described in terms of base pairing
new DNA (molecule) has one, old / parental / original, strand and one, new / daughter
strand ;
R half old and half new unless clearly referring to two strands
[2]
(d) accept ora
(errors are) mutations / named type of mutation ;
ora if corrected there are no mutations
(may lead to) production of altered proteins, so, impaired / loss, of function ;
A altered amino acid in, protein / primary structure
(may lead to) different antigens, so cells are rejected (by immune system) ;
idea that cells cannot function together / impaired coordination ;
ref. to cancerous cells / cancer(s) / tumours / sickle cell anaemia or other named monogenic
condition ;
further detail ;
e.g. uncontrolled, division / mitosis / cell replication / cell growth
e.g. lack of contact inhibition / no apoptosis or described / (proto)oncogene(s)
[2 max]
[Total: 7]
6
(a) H
J
K
nitrogen fixation ;
nitrification / oxidation ;
denitrification / reduction ;
[3]
(b) provide source of, fixed nitrogen / usable nitrogen / organic nitrogen / amino acids / ammonia
/ ammonium ions / AW ; R nitrate
ref. to protein production in legume ;
legume can, colonise / grow in, nitrogen / nitrate, deficient or poor soils ;
A not dependent on nitrate in soil
compete successfully with non-leguminous plants ;
[2 max]
[Total: 5]
UCLES 2010
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9700 BIOLOGY
9700/22
examination.
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Page 2
1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
22
(a) plant cell because presence of

cell wall ;
A cellulose cell wall R incorrect cell wall materials
plasmodesma ;
A plasmodesmata
tonoplast ;
A vacuolar membrane
large/central, vacuole ;
ignore permanent
[2 max]
(b)
name of
organelle
diagram of organelle(s) as
seen under the electron
microscope (not to scale)
one function of organelle
all 3 for one mark
aerobic respiration/ATP,
production/synthesis ;
oval/circular shape
and
two membranes
close together
and
inner membrane infolded as
two or more cristae ;
cell type(s) in
which
organelle is
located
A oxidative phosphorylation
A ref. oxidation fats
A ref. urea/ornithine cycle
R any answer that refers to
synthesis/production, of
energy
animal ;
centrioles ;
A centriole
A centrosome
both for one mark
animal and
plant/both ;
two membranes
and
ribosomes on external
surface ;
R if ribosomes are
excessively large
processing/modification/AW/
packaging, of, proteins/
molecules ;
A description of modification
e.g. glycosylation
A production of, secretory/
Golgi, vesicles
A production of lysosomes
R protein synthesis
chloroplast ;
[8]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2010
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Page 3
2
(a)

Syllabus
9700
(i) right, atrium/auricle and left ventricle ; correctly labelled

left hand side box
right hand side box
(ii) right atrium has
Paper
22
[1]
(ora for left atrium)
lower, concentration/partial pressure/AW, of, oxygen ; R no oxygen

A (right) deoxygenated blood (versus oxygenated blood)
A higher saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen
higher concentration/AW of, hydrogen carbonate ions/carbon dioxide ;
A more carbaminohaemoglobin
higher concentration of water molecules/high(er) water potential/less negative water
potential ;
higher concentration/AW, of glucose ;
(b) reject if more than one letter for each disease
pulmonary stenosis
= G;
coarctation of the aorta
= D;
ventricular septal defect
= F;
[2 max]
[3]
(c) accept ora where relevant

suggest
1 blood flows from aorta to pulmonary artery ;
2 increased volume of / more, blood to lungs ;
A blood to lungs at higher pressure
3 oxygenated and deoxygenated mix ;
4 oxygenated blood / blood from aorta, to lungs ;
5
6
7
explain (why blood flows from aorta to pulmonary artery)

left ventricle thicker wall (than right ventricle) ;
(so) contraction generates greater force (than right ventricle)/AW ;
higher pressure in aorta (than pulmonary artery) ;
[3 max]
[Total: 9]
(a) 53 % ;;
2 marks for correct answer
max 1 mark for correct calculation but, no/incorrect, answer

or not to nearest whole number
72.4 33.9 = 38.5
(38.5 / 72.4) x 100 = 53.18 / 53.2
UCLES 2010
[2]
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Page 4

Syllabus
9700
Paper
22
(b) R greater wealth unless linked to points below

any two valid reasons e.g. accept answers written as ora
1
2
3
4
more educated population ; in context of health

better/greater access to, health care/AW ;
higher level of preventive medicine ; e.g. immunisation programmes
better diet ;
A ref. to less malnourished
A ref. to access to food supplies
5 greater access to, therapeutic medicines/drugs ; A antibiotics
6 better/less overcrowded, housing/living conditions ;
7 better, sanitation/sewage treatment ;
8 greater access to uncontaminated drinking water ;
R clean water unqualified
9 fewer, fatal diseases/AW ;
10 ref. to effects of, civil war/war ;
11 ref. to natural disaster ;
(c)
[2 max]
(i) rank of % positive (of countries) is different to rank of difference in decrease in life
expectancy ;
data quote to support ; e.g. Kenya 6th highest % positive but 3rd highest decrease in life
expectancy
S. Africa 4th highest % positive but 6th highest decrease in life expectancy
countries with, similar/same, decrease (in life expectancy) have different % positive ;
data quote to support ; e.g.
Malawi 17.8 years decrease, 16%, cf South Africa 17.5 years, 19.9%
Kenya 20.1 years, 14%, cf Zambia 20.1 years, 20% ;
with ref. to decrease in life expectancy and % positive
Kenya, does not fit general trend/AW ;
South Africa, does not fit general trend/AW ;
data quote to support ; e.g.
Kenya larger decrease than, Malawi/South Africa, but lower % positive
Kenya 20.1 years decrease but only 14.0 %, compared to, Malawi 17.8 with 16.0%/
South Africa 17.5 with 19.9 % ;
[2 max]
(ii) any two relevant factors e.g.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
anti HIV drug therapy/AW ;

ref. to treatment of AIDS-related diseases ;
ref. to education to prevent, transmission/spread ;
use/provide free, condoms/femidoms ; A dental dams
avoid promiscuity ; A one sexual partner
HIV mothers avoid breast feeding ;
heat treat/screen, blood (for transfusion) ;
needle-exchange schemes/AW ; A ref. to sterile syringes
use of sterile equipment, qualified e.g. in surgery/tattooing/piercing ;
testing for HIV status/contact tracing ;
ref. to vaccine development ;
UCLES 2010
[2 max]
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Page 5
(d) 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Syllabus
9700
Paper
22
primary/immune, response ;
ref. specificity;
in correct context
(HIV/virus) antigens ;
antigen presentation/antigen presenting cell/APC/described ;
clonal selection/described ; e.g. recognition of/binding to, antigen by, B-lymphocyte
sensitisation/activation/described ; e.g. cell growth or cellular changes
clonal proliferation/formation of clone/mitosis/cell division/AW ;
B-lymphocytes/B-cells/plasma cells, synthesise/produce/secrete/release, antibody ;
T(helper)-lymphocyte response described ; e.g. cytokine production
ignore ref. to T killer cells
[5 max]
[Total: 13]
(a)
(i) (describes the) sequence of amino acids (in a polypeptide chain) ; A order/arrangement
[1]
(ii) H2O/water, released ;
(correct) bond formation between (lysine) carboxyl group and (valine) amino group ;
dipeptide (of lysine and valine) and formed with correct structural formula ;
(b)
[3]
(i) secondary
1 regular order/pattern, based on H-bonds ;
2 between CO group of one amino acid and NH group of another ;
3 alpha-helix and -pleated sheet ;
tertiary to max 4
1 folding coiling ;
2 interactions between, R groups side chains ;
3 two correctly named bonds ; e.g. hydrogen bonds, disulfide, bonds/bridges, ionic
bonds, hydrophobic interactions
4 further description of bonds ; e.g. disulfide between cysteine (SH) groups
hydrogen between polar groups (NH and CO)
ionic between ionised amine and carboxylic acid groups
hydrophobic interactions between non-polar side chains
5 ref. active site, specific/precise, shape ;
6 ref. globular/AW, shape ; A spherical/ball
7 ref. amino acids with, hydrophilic/polar, R groups facing to outside ; ora
[5 max]
(ii) enables (protein to) function/AW ;
A enables antimicrobial action/AW

A biological catalyst, qualified
provides active site ;

qualified ref. to specificity ;
[1 max]
(c) altered, (mRNA) codon(s)/triplet(s) ;

A named type of mutation
changed/AW, amino acid(s) ;
ref. to effects of stop codon ; e.g. shortened polypeptide chain
different, primary structure/described ;
A ref. to differences in, transcription/translation
ref. to different properties of, R group/side chain (of normal v replaced amino acid) ;
altered tertiary structure/AW ;
A different R group interactions
A change/loss of, active site
idea of globular to fibrous change/hydrophilic R groups no longer to outside ;
[3 max]
[Total: 13]
UCLES 2010
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Page 6
5

Syllabus
9700
Paper
22
(a) one mark for each correct row ; ; ; ;

cartilage
ciliated
epithelium
elastic fibres
smooth muscle

goblet cells

[4]
(b) goblet cells to max 3

synthesise/produce/secrete/release, mucus ;
mucus, sticky/AW ;
(mucus) traps/AW, pathogens/AW , dust/particles/AW, pollen ;
A named organism types/microorganisms
R cilia traps
increased secretion when, inflamed / infection ;
qualified ref. to role of mucus ; e.g.
increases distance (e.g. of pathogen) to reach (epithelial) cells
acts as barrier/prevents, entry/attachment to, cells
prevent, infections/pathogens reaching alveoli allow once only in either section
cilia to max 3
waft/move/AW, mucus ;
synchronous/metachronal, rhythm ; AW
movement towards back of throat for, swallowing/coughing out ;
qualified ref. to role of cilia in health ; e.g. ref. to, normal air flow/ventilation/keeping airways
clear
[4 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
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Page 7
6

(a) Galalapagos hawk
Syllabus
9700
Paper
22
Galapagos snake
lava lizard
short-horned
grasshopper
land iguana
marine iguana
xerophyte
kelp
animals in correct boxes ;

all five animals to hawk ;
all animals except hawk to snake ;
(only) short-horned grasshopper to lava lizard
xerophyte to short-horned grasshopper and land iguana
kelp to marine iguana
max 3 if all correct but one arrow head missing
max 2 if arrow heads, mixed in incorrect direction/missing
[4]
(b) kelp and xerophytes ; allow ecf for next two mps if only one organism
both, photosynthetic/autotrophic/fix carbon/AW ; A both have chlorophyll
both are, at the start of the food web/at the first trophic level/the source of energy to rest of
food web/AW ;
[3]
[Total: 7]
UCLES 2010
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9700 BIOLOGY
9700/23
examination.
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Page 2
1

(a) A nucleus ;
B mitochondrion ;
C (rough) endoplasmic reticulum ;
(b)
Syllabus
9700
A (eu)chromatin
A mitochondria
A (R)ER
Paper
23
R nucleolus
R smooth/S
(i) protein/polypeptide, synthesis/AW ;

A protein, transport/modification
A ecf if C is identified as Golgi or SERor ribosomes in 1 (a)
[3]
[1]
(ii) ignore refs to magnification

resolution/resolving power, low(er) ; ora
200 nm compared to 0.5 nm ; A resolution quoted in range 100-300 to 0.2-1.0 nm
ref. to visibility of structure C ; e.gs.
wavelength of light longer than size of, ribosomes/membrane
ribosomes/membrane, cannot be seen as less than 200nm diameter
ribosomes only 2030 nm diameter A 1520 nm
membranes 710 nm thick
small size linked to explanation of resolution
[2 max]
(c) any one relevant disadvantage e.g.
only dead specimens can be viewed ;
mounted in vacuum/pre-treatment, may distort delicate structures ; A artefacts
expensive, qualified ; e.g. to buy, maintain, increased cost electricity, costs associated with,
time/training
requires, more electrical power ;
requires stable, high voltage supplies/currents ;
sensitive to external magnetic fields ;
difficult to operate/requires technical training ;
samples more difficult to prepare ; A examples e.g. thin sections
lengthy preparation time ;
monochrome/black and white only ;
not portable/can only be used in specific locations (e.g. with voltage supplies) ;
[1 max]
(d) allow +/- 1 mm in reading the line
award two marks if correct answer is given
20 000/6 m = (3333.3)
A 19 000/6 = (3 166.7)
A 21 000/6 = (3 500.0)
3 333 (x);;
A 3 167 (x)
A 3 500n(x)
award one mark if answer is given to one or more decimal places or

award one mark if correctly measured and divided by 6 m but incorrectly converted [2 max]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2010
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Page 3
2

(a) semilunar valve ;
Syllabus
9700
Paper
23
A pulmonary valve
prevents backflow (of blood) ;

from the pulmonary artery/into the right ventricle ;
or
ensures one-way flow of blood ;
from the right ventricle/into the pulmonary artery ;
[3]
(b) (Y/wall of left ventricle) contains more (cardiac) muscle ; ora

left ventricle/ventricle beside Y, pumps blood to, whole body / further ; ora
at higher pressure with more force (than right) ; ora
resistance to blood flow is greater in systemic circulation ; ora
[3 max]
(c) any two of SAN, AVN, Purkyne tissue/Bundle of His in correct context ;
SAN/(primary) pacemaker, sends out, waves of excitation/impulses ;
A electrical (im)pulses
R once only nervous impulse(s)/pulse(s)/signal(s)
R if brain stimulates SAN to send out impulses
spreads across atria ;
atria contract/atrial systole ;
fibrous ring/non-conducting tissue/insulating tissue ;
prevents, it reaching the ventricles/ventricles contracting at the same time (as atria);
atrio-ventricular node/AVN, acts as relay station/sends wave of excitation to ventricles;
A in correct context impulse reaches AVN and is passed on
(therefore) time delay to allow, atria to empty/atria to complete contraction/ventricles to fill//
atria and ventricles do not contract at the same time ;
time ref. 0.1 0.2 seconds ;
Purkyne tissue bundle of His, conducts, excitation/impulses, to base of, septum/ventricles ;
A apex of heart
spreads upwards in ventricle (walls) ;
(so) ventricles contract from base upwards/ventricles force blood up from base ;
[5 max]
[Total: 11]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
3
(a)

(i) primary ;
quarternary ;
Syllabus
9700
Paper
23
A first
A fourth
[2]
(ii) disulfide (bonds/bridges) ;
[1]
(b) peptide bond broken ;

correct involvement of water ;
free COOH/COO and free NH2/NH3+ shown ;
[3]
[Total: 6]
(a) any one correct description (1 mark) with explanation (1 mark) e.g.
any named biological control method e.g B. thuringiensis ;
kills mosquito larvae ;
use of insecticides ;
kills (adult) mosquitoes ;
elimination of standing water ;
removes, mosquito breeding sites/egg-laying areas ;
use of oil on water ;
prevents maturation of/kills, mosquito larvae ;
(b) (malarial) parasite/pathogen/Plasmodium, has many antigens ;
eukaryotic/many genes ;
many different stages of life cycle ;
ref. to more than one Plasmodium species/strain of each species ;
mutation changes antigens (over time)/antigenic shift/antigenic drift ;
parasite only vulnerable, at certain stages of life cycle/when free in plasma ;
antigenic concealment/described ;
AVP ; e.g. changes antigens which are expressed (through gene switching)
[2 max]
[3 max]
(c) percentage of, parasites killed/growth inhibition, increases with drug concentration for both
parasites ;
effect is greater on chloroquine-resistant parasites/AW ;
chloroquine-sensitive parasites not affected until 1 mol dm 3 ;
further use of data from Fig. 4.1 to illustrate ;
further detail of difference in trend(s) ; A descriptive or figures
[3 max]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
(d)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
23
(i) (percentage) increase in malaria is high(er) in, countries in the, south/south and east ;
ora A named countries R more malaria
ref. (percentage) increase correlates with countries where HIV incidence is higher ;
penalise once if no ref to increase
data quote ;
[2 max]
(ii) HIV, infects/AW, T (helper)lymphocytes/T-cells ;

qualified ref. to immune system ;
(HIV and) malaria may be contracted via blood transfusion ;
ref. to reduced number of workers so malaria prevention not carried out ;
[2 max]
[Total: 12]
(a) conversion of/AW, nitrogen (gas)/N2 ; in context of atmospheric nitrogen

(to) ammonium (ions/compounds)/NH4+/amino acids ;
further detail ; e.g. nitrogenase (enzyme)/ref. conversion from unreactive (nitrogen) to
reactive (compound)/reduction of nitrogen/ATP required/anaerobic conditions required for
enzyme function
[3]
(b)
(i) ammonification/putrefaction/decomposition/decay ;
(ii) supplies, ammonia/ammonium ions, for, nitrifying bacteria/nitrification ;
ammonia/ammonium ions, converted/oxidised/AW ;
to nitrite ;
to nitrate ;
Nitrosomonas/Nitrobacter ; in correct context
ref. nitrate useable form for plants ;
(c)
(i) to check that urea is not hydrolysed/broken down, without enzyme ; ora
A there is no reaction without enzyme
[1]
[2 max]
[1]
(ii) hydrolysis reduces, substrate/urea, concentration ;

urea, hydrolysed/broken down, more quickly in Tube A than in Tube B;
A ref. to differences in reaction rates
Tube A enzyme can bind with substrate normally/ES complexes forming (at fast rate) ;
ora Tube B
shape of active site complementary to (shape of) substrate/AW ;
Tube B
(competitive) inhibitor, occupying/binding at/AW, active site ;

ref. substrate unable to enter active site/AW ;
correct data quote from either column to illustrate ;
[4 max]
[Total: 11]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
6

Syllabus
9700
Paper
23
(a) 1 mark each correct row

lined with
cilia
trachea
bronchus
bronchiole
alveoli
reinforced with
cartilage

site of gas
exchange

contains
smooth
muscle

;
;
;
;
[4]
(b) good/circulating, blood supply ;

good ventilation/breathing movements ;
(c)
(i) stretch/expand/lengthen, on inspiration and, recoil/shorten, on expiration ;

A alternatives for inspiration and expiration
R contract and relax
(stretch) to increase, surface area/volume of air, for, diffusion/gas exchange ;
(recoil) to help, expel air/force air out ; ignore contract
prevent alveoli, bursting/breaking/AW ; R collapsing
(ii) emphysema ;
[2]
[1 max]
[1]
(d) (cause) mutations ;

uncontrollable, division/mitosis/cell replication/cell growth ;
lack of contact inhibition/no apoptosis or described/(proto)oncogenes ;
goblet cells secrete, excess/more/AW, mucus ;
destroys/weakens/paralyses/AW, cilia ;
development of scar tissue ;
inflammation ;
increased chance of infection/AW ;
[3 max]
[Total: 11]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/31
Paper 31 (Advanced Practical Skills 1), maximum raw mark 40
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
Question
1
(a)

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
(i) Decide how often you will take samples. You should not sample for longer than 20 minutes.
MMO
decisions 2
4 or more numbers;
Ignore units.
[1]
Range:
longest time must be 10 or more minutes
even range of times;
[1]
(ii) Prepare the space below to record: time you remove sample, time at which end-point is reached and time taken to
reach the end-point.
PDO
recording 2
MMO
collection 2
MMO
decision 1
(b)
(heading top or left)

AND sampling or sample time or time
removed;
[1]
table with all cells drawn

no outer boundary
needed.
(heading for one other column or row)

time with units;
(ignore headings on results columns)

sample time plus result column = other result column;
(trend correct)
figure for last sample less than figure for first sample;
[1]
(end-point result column)

whole seconds or whole minutes for at least three results;
[1]
Reject units in body of table

Must be clear units
Reject 1.24
[1]
[1]
(i) Describe a suitable control for this investigation.
ACE
interpretation 1
[1]
1 boil and cooled enzyme

OR
2 no enzyme and replace with water;
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
Question
(c)

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
(i) Identify two significant sources of error in this investigation
ACE
interpretation 2
timing with reason why causes an error

e.g. removal of samples AND adding to potassium permanganate
OR timing end-point
OR two lots of timing;
judging or detecting end-point or colour change;
idea of volume of reaction mixture or AW decreasing with each

sample;
[max 2]
Reject temperature
Reject pH
Reject evaporation
(ii) State one variable which was not controlled in this investigation and how it could be controlled.
ACE
improvement 1
temperature
AND use thermostatically-controlled water-bath or

water-bath at constant temperature;
pH
AND use buffer;
UCLES 2010
Reject if more than one variable
[max 1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question
(d) (i)
PDO
layout 4
60
120
180
300
400
0.32
0.64
0.95
1.55
2.05

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
Plot a graph to show the results in Table 1.1.

O
x-axis
time (/) s or sec(ond)s
y-axis
AND mass of (reducing) sugars (/)
mg;
Must have units
[1]
scale as 100 s to 2 cm
ECF if no labels for O.
Allow at origin 50 as long as
scale 100 s to 2 cm
AND 0.5 mg to 2 cm;
Reject if awkward scale
[1]
correct plotting using

crosses/dots in circle only;
Intersection of cross must be clear

to show plot.
Reject plotting if scale is awkward
[1]
Allow 0.25 at origin but must label

origin.
Reject if only blobs/dots/blobs in circles

L
straight line through points;
Quality not thick, not feathery for

the complete line.
Joining plots
Ruled lines plot to plot
Straight line through most plots
Straight line extrapolated to 0
Extrapolation
Not beyond x- or y-axis
UCLES 2010
Reject if not five plots
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Use the graph to find the rate of hydrolysis of the sucrose by finding the gradient of the line. Show on your graph
where you took your readings.
MMO
collection 1
shows on graph at least one time and mass;
[1]
MMO
decision 1
two masses and two times;
[1]
PDO
display 2
shows
mass up 2.05 mg
AND
divided by time up to 400 s;
[1]
[1]
any answer rounded to maximum of three significant figures

OR
five decimal places
OR
standard form;
(iii) Explain why the mass of reducing sugars increased and then remained the same.
ACE
conclusion 2
enzyme;
Reject use of enzyme in incorrect

biological context
[1]
(context of increase or up to 400 s)
Reject enzyme active sites full or enzyme

used up
[1]
idea that non-reducing sugar or sucrose being converted

(context of remaining the same or after 400 s)
AND
idea that all substrate hydrolysed or broken down or used up;
[Total: 21]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
2 TS oesophagus
(a) (i) Draw a large plan diagram of a quarter of the tube as shown in Fig. 2.1
PDO
layout 1
MMO
collection 1
clear,
sharp,
unbroken lines
no cells
AND
no
shading
AND
Reject if overlaps text of question
[1]
Reject if drawn incorrect quarter
[1]
Allow only for 3 or more lines;

AND
Drawn detail for only correct quarter;
Minimum of one layer needed.
MMO
decision 2
innermost layer is thinner (+ or 1 mm) than outermost thick layer;
[1]
first two lines folded;
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
(b) (i) Calculate the actual length, shown by line X, of one of the structures.
MMO
collection 2
measures line X correctly in mm or cm;

Reject m
[1]
mm
54.(0)
54.5
55.(0)
55.5
56.(0)
56.5
57.(0)
shows
their measurement
divided by or / or
50
AND
1000 or 103 (mm)
or 10000 or 104 (cm) or 10 1000;
cm
5.4
5.45
5.5
5.55
5.6
5.65
5.7
Reject use or conversion to metres
[1]
Reject if no units
(ii) Explain how you would find the mean length of the structures shown in Fig. 2.2
ACE
improvements 2
Reject calculate
measure all
OR
any number five or more;
add together and divide by the number measured;
UCLES 2010
[1]
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iii) Prepare the space below so that it is suitable for you to compare and contrast the cells in J1 and Fig. 2.2.
PDO
recording 2
(organise)
table/
venn diagram/
ruled connected boxes
all differences statements

opposite each other;
(heading for
differences)
any appropriate
heading e.g
J1 and Fig. 2.2
J1
Fig. 2.2
heading , similarities;
ACE
interpretation 3
feature:
D1. folds no.
OR
packing or gaps or
spaces
[1]
[1]
J1:
fewer
Fig. 2.2:
more
loosely packed/widely
spaced or large gaps
densely
packed/closely
packed or small gaps
Must have at least 1 similarity

Allow D5 or S1 not both
OR
small(er)
surface area (to
volume ratio)
wider or
D2. fold shape
thicker/flat at top or
Ignore length or
round(ed)
height
D3. number of layers more or larg(er)
D4. group of folds
different shapes
D5. lumen/ hollow/
present
space
Similarities/compare clear as both are
S1. lumen/hollow/
present;
space
S2. folds
present;
S3. layers
present or
many/multi-;
larg(er);
thinner
or pointed end;
few(er);
similar shapes;
absent;
UCLES 2010
Ticks and crosses require a key
[max 3]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
Question
(iv)
ACE
conclusion

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
31
Additional Guidance
Marks
Suggest how the structures in Fig. 2.2 are adapted for absorption.
[1]
large surface area

or microvilli or brush border
or good or extensive blood supply or capillary network
or lacteals or lymph vessels
or selectively permeable;
(c) Make a large, labelled drawing of the complete cells shown in the sector on Fig. 2.3.
clear,
sharp,
unbroken lines
AND no
shading
cells drawn as a group
AND narrower at base than top;
nucleus to right hand side goblet

cell
touching the membrane
PDO
layout 1
MMO
collection 2
MMO
decision 2
AND large;
[1]
[1]
[1]
AND
nucleus tapers;
triangular shape (goblet cell);
[1]
Reject if any label is biologically incorrect e.g. cell wall

one correct label with label line from
Reject if any writing on drawing

Reject if drawn organelles other than
nucleus or nucleolus
[1]
nucleus nuclear membrane nucleolus cytoplasm cell membrane

microvilli brush border goblet cell
columnar epithelium cilia;
[Total: 19]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/32
Paper 32 (Advanced Practical Skills 2),

maximum raw mark 40
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
Question
1

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Calculate the surface area of each bead and the mean surface area of beads.
MMO
decision 1
1. 5 or more (bead radii/diameters);
MMO
collection 1
2. measures diameter
[1]
AND units mm;
Reject any measurements not whole

number of mm
[1]
or records radius
Reject 6 mm or more for diameter or 3 mm
or more for radius
ACE
interpretation 1
3. one correct calculation for one bead surface area;
[1]
PDO
display 2
4. shows addition of bead measurements divided by

number measured
or each surface area added together and divided by
number;
[1]
5. answer no more than 3 sig. figs.;
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Prepare the space below to record your observations.

PDO
recording 2
MMO
collection 2
MMO
decisions 3
1. table with all cells drawn
(heading top/left)
AND surface area (/)mm2
or no. of beads;
Reject if units in body of table
[1]
(heading)
2. colour/observation;
[1]
3. only records at 2, 4 and 6 (minutes);
[1]
(highest no. of beads)

4. yellow/green;
[1]
5. surface area recorded;
[1]
6. use 20 beads in one tube and at least 3 different

numbers of beads;
[1]
7. even range;
[1]
(iii) The student realised that there were two independent variables in this procedure. State the two independent variables.
ACE
interpretation 1
surface area
or number of beads
AND enzyme or yeast

concentration/quantity;
UCLES 2010
Reject more than two variables
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iv) Suggest how you would make three improvements to the students procedure.
ACE
improvements 3
idea of cubes with equal volume of yeast;
Reject amount
[1]
idea of equal shaking;

repeat measurements AND mean or average;
colorimeter/white card
or pH paper or meter;
separate beads using Petri dish/larger container;
use thermostatically-controlled water-bath;
idea keep time the same e.g. stagger start or have separate
experiments;
use more beads or more surface areas;
UCLES 2010
[max 2]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(b) Describe and explain the results shown in Table 1.2.

ACE
conclusions 3
1. (in context of data)

stops increasing or levels off or stops or stays constant
or no more carbon dioxide
or reaction stops;
(in any correct context use of)
2. enzyme or catalase or active sites or ESCs;
[1]
[max 2]
3. glucose or substrate fits into active sites or forms ESCs

or (slowing or stops)
lack of glucose or substrate or glucose not high enough
or build up of product or ethanol
lack of oxygen
build up of carbon dioxide
change in pH
carbon dioxide dissolves into glucose or substrate or
solution or water;
Total
[19]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
Question
2

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Draw a large plan diagram of a half of the specimen as shown in Fig. 2.1. Label xylem and the cortex.
AND no shading
AND large 5 cm
or more from
centre of stele to
epidermis;
Reject if overlaps the text of question
[1]
PDO
layout 1
clear,
sharp,
(not thicker than
grid line for whole
line)
unbroken lines
MMO
collection 2
no cells
AND drawn only half with

detail (shown by epidermis
line);
[1]
endodermis shown by two

lines
AND length between

epidermis and endodermis is
at least twice the diameter of
stele;
[1]
MMO
decision 2
draws region of xylem central;
[1]
Reject if any label is biologically incorrect.

one correct label with label line from xylem or cortex;
UCLES 2010
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Make a high-power drawing of a group of three complete touching xylem vessels and a group of three complete touching
cortex cells. Reject all marks if only two cells drawn except label mark?
AND no shading
[1]
AND smallest
group of complete
touching cells will
not fit inside 6 6
cm grid;
PDO
layout 1
1. clear,
sharp,
(not thicker
than grid line
for whole line)
unbroken lines
MMO
collection 2
only 6 complete cells drawn
AND two groups of 3

touching cells;
[1]
cell wall in at least one cell

drawn angular in one group
of three
AND other group of cells

rounded;
[1]
MMO
decision 2
(xylem) thicker cell wall than (cortex) cell walls;

Measure thickest on both.
Allow only if cell walls drawn as double

lines for both groups of cells
[1]
correct labels with label lines to lumen in xylem AND any

cell wall;
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(b) (i) Calculate the magnification of the specimen shown in Fig. 2.2. Actual length of line X = 1900 m.
MMO
collection 1
measures line X correctly with mm or cm;
[1]
ACE
interpretation 2
show in last calculation before answer

52 or 52.5 or 53 or 53.5 or 54 with 1.9
OR
5.2 or 5.25 or 5.3 or 5.35 or 5.4 with 0.19
OR
52000 or 52500 or 53000 or 53500 or 54000 with 1900;
[1]
correct calculation of any figure divided by 1900 or 1.9 or

0.19;
[1]
(ii) Prepare the space below so that it is suitable for you to record the observable differences between the specimens on slide
M1 and in Fig. 2.2.
PDO
recording 2
organise as a
table/venn
diagram/ruled
connected boxes
AND headed M1
and Fig 2.2
AND all
comparative
statements
opposite each
other;
only differences recorded;
[1]
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
ACE
interpretation 2

feature
1. xylem shape
2. xylem position
3. phloem
4. pith
5. thickened cells
under
epidermis
6. epidermis
layers
7. size
cortex
stele/xylem
Syllabus
9700
M1
star-shape;
centre;
clearer or can see
or present
absent
absent
Fig. 2.2
not clear or cannot

see or absent;
present;
thick ring/present;
one or thin(ner)
two or thick(er);
larger/wider/thicker
or more
smaller/narrower/
thinner or less
smaller/narrower/
thinner or less
larger/wider/thicker
or more;
UCLES 2010
Paper
32
Reject all ticks with crosses unless have

key
[max 2]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 10
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
32
Additional Guidance
Marks
(c) Plot a graph of the data shown in Table 2.1.

PDO
layout 4
x-axis
time /hr(s) or hour(s)
y-axis
AND vol(ume) /cm3 hr 1;
Must have units
[1]
AND 0.5 cm3 to 2 cm;

scale as
1hr to 2 cm (allow no 0)
Allow 0. 5 at origin must
Allow 1 at origin as long as label origin if not 0
1hr to 2 cm must label
origin.
Reject S if awkward scale
[1]
correct plotting with

crosses or dot in circle;
Intersection of cross must

be clear to show plot
Reject P plotting if awkward scale

Reject if only blobs or dots or blobs in
circles
[1]
straight line between all

points or smooth curve
through all points;
Quality no thicker than

on grid, not feathery for
the complete line
Joining plots
Curve through all plots
[1]
Extrapolation
If in context of data
correct to go to 0,0
must be within 2 mm
of 0
If not correct in context of
data then no extrapolation
at either end of data
Total
[21]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/33

maximum raw mark 40
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
Question
1

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) Draw on Fig. 1.1 a line to show the level of water in the large test-tube.
MMO
decision 1
line drawn above or at the same level as the line showing

the contents in the Visking tubing;
[1]
(b) State the volume of Benedicts solution and the volume of the solutions and the sample.
MMO
decision 1
(volume of Benedicts)
equal to or greater than
(volume of each
solution and sample)
AND
(volume of each
solution and sample)
equal;
Reject any other values e.g. 2.5 cm3
[1]
(c) State ONE variable, other than volume, which needs to be kept constant when you do the TESTS and describe how you will keep
this variable constant.
MMO
decisions 2
temperature;
use of water-bath
Reject if in context of Visking tubing set up

or experiment e.g. keep at room
temperature
Reject if more than one variable given
AND between 80oC and
100oC or boiling;
UCLES 2010
[1]
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(d) (i) Prepare the space below and record your results.
PDO
recording 2
MMO
collection 2
1.
No outer boundary needed
[1]
(heading to left/ top)

AND a heading to describe
(sample, or solution or testtube or glucose);
2. (heading)
time (/) s or sec(onds) or min(utes);
Reject if units in table
[1]
3.
time for 0.3%/S3 quicker than 0.2%/S2;
Must be clear units

Reject 1.24
[1]
4.
figures for 0.2%/S2 quicker than 0.1%/S1;
[1]
(ii) Estimate the concentration of glucose in the sample.

ACE
interpretation 1
correct estimate from their

results
AND percentage/%;
Reject if sample not

recorded in results
UCLES 2010
is 0.1% or 0.2% or 0.3%

between 0.1% and 0.2%
0.15%
between 0.2% and 0.3%
0.25%
greater/more than 0.3%
less than 0.1%
Reject any other values
Ignore use of S1,S2, S3
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iii) Suggest how you might modify this investigation to find the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion of glucose through
Visking tubing.
ACE
improvements 2
[1]
states 5 or more temperatures

OR gives examples of 5 or more 1oC to 100oC;
(in context of readings) repeats or more than once or
replicates AND mean or average
OR
take samples at same time interval or example of time with
units
OR
same volumes or example of volume with units of samples
removed
OR
rate calculated from time taken to change colour
OR
same concentration or volume of glucose or example of
concentration or volume + units;
UCLES 2010
Reject if change another variable e.g.

concentration of glucose
Reject amount
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(e) (i) Plot a graph to show the results in Table 1.1.

PDO
layout 4
15
14
30
22
45
26
60
28
75
29
x-axis
time (/) min(ute)s
y-axis
AND distance (diffused
from well by coloured
solution /) mm;
scale as 20 min to 2 cm
ECF if no labels on axes
for O
Allow 5/10 at origin but
must label origin
AND 5 mm to 2 cm;
Allow 5/10 as long as
scale 5 mm to 2 cm but
must label origin
[1]

crosses or dots in circle
only;

Reject plotting if scale is awkward
[1]
line joined point to point or

smooth curve;

the complete line
Joining plots
Extrapolation
[1]
Reject if only blobs/dots/blobs in circles
UCLES 2010
Reject if no 0,0 plot
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Use the graph to calculate the rate of diffusion of the solution between 10 mins and 20 mins. Show on your graph.
MMO
collection 1
1. shows on graph at least one reading(s) between or at 10

and 20 minutes;
PDO
display 1
2. shows distance divided by time (has to be clear)

any number between 4 and 20
divided by or / or
whole number (between 4 and 20)
or shows subtraction of numbers;
ACE
interpretation 1
3. correct answer
PDO
display 1
4. any figure rounded to maximum of four significant

figures;
[1]
Reject if not clear distance divided by time
AND
mm min 1
or mm per min
or mm/min;
[1]
[1]
[1]
(iii) Describe and explain the trend in the rate of diffusion shown in the graph you have drawn in (e) (i).
ACE
conclusion 2
(description)
rate or distance decreases or slows or levels off;
[1]
(in correct context of diffusion ref. to)

Idea of concentration or diffusion gradient, getting less
OR
Idea of (high at beginning) concentration or diffusion
gradient high
OR
Idea of (at end) evenly coloured;
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(f) State the uncertainty of the measurements using this ruler.

ACE
interpretation 1
[1]
+/- 0.5 mm
OR
+/- 0.05 cm;
Total
[22]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
Question
2

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Make a large, labelled drawings of two different types of cell from Fig. 2.1 and one cell from Fig. 2.2. Indicate on the
photomicrographs the cells that you have drawn.
MMO
collection 1
[1]
1. (only cells marked on Figs. and drawn)
Reject if shown more cells
on Fig. 2.1
white blood cell
on Fig. 2.2
AND any one
complete red
blood cell;
Reject if drawing overlaps text of question
AND
smallest cell
drawn larger than
2 cm (+/- 1mm) at
widest point;
Must draw at least TWO cells
[1]
Reject if any additional organelles drawn in

any cell
[1]
[1]
AND any one

complete red
blood cell
PDO
layout 1
AND
2. clear,
no shading
sharp,
(not thicker
than grid line
for whole line)
unbroken lines
Allow 1 error in
three cells
0 error for two
or one cell
MMO
decision 2
3. (wbc from Fig. 2.1)

(nucleus position)
nearer to one side
(nucleus size)
AND (+ or 1 mm)
nucleus fills between 50 and
75 % of whole cell;
4. Reject if any label is biologically incorrect e.g. cell wall

any ref. to plants e.g. cell wall or named plant cell or
named animal cell other than blood cells.
Ignore nucleolus and named blood cells
One correct label with label line from
nucleus nucleoplasm cytoplasm
cell
membrane/AW;
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Prepare the space below so that it is suitable for you to compare and contrast the cells in Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2.
PDO
recording 2
(organise)
table/
venn diagram/
ruled connected
boxes
(heading for
differences)
Fig. 2.1 and Fig.
2.2, labelled cells
from (a) (i),
named cells linked
to figs.
all differences
statements
opposite each
other;
heading similarities;
ACE
interpretation 3
Fig 2.1
Fig. 2.2
[1]
[1]
Mark with identification from (i) drawings even if incorrectly

named cells
Mark for any similarities or differences max 3
Must be clear which cells are being compared or contrasted
Ticks and crosses requires a key
(continued on next page)
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 10
Question
feature
Only credit each
number once.
1. size
cells;
2. types of cells;
3. number
OR degree of
packing;
4. nucleus
OR nucleus shape;
5. cell shape;

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Additional Guidance
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2
rbc or label from (i) wbc or label from (i) rbc or label
(rbc) small(er)
small(er)
(wbc) larg(er)
rbc or label
and wbc or label

wbc present
circular or round
circular or round
not granular
7. cytoplasm
OR cell membrane;
(no key) present
less dense;
present
present
lobed or irregular
Reject if just cells have nucleus present or

absent
present
not lobed or oval or round
or regular or smooth
irregular
irregular
6. cytoplasm;
and only rbc/label

no wbc
one
few(er) cells/rbcs
present
granular
granular
oval
oval
Allow few or some round
Reject round
not granular or normal
UCLES 2010
Marks
[max 3]
Beware Fig 2.1 cells magnified 3+ more

than Fig 2.2 so cells in Fig 2.1 smaller
Reject nucleus
larg(er)
two
many or more cells/rbcs
many or more rbcs one or a
Reject few/small
no.
dens(er)/more overlapping rbcs
absent Allow
cannot be seen
absent Allow
cannot be seen
(no key)
Paper
33
Reject 3D , rugby or disc or spherical or

biconcave or arbitrary or random
Reject negatives e.g. not circular
Reject opposites e.g. regular
www.maxpapers.com
Page 11
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iii) Calculate the actual diameter of the cell shown by the line X in Fig. 2.2.
MMO
collection 2
measures line X correctly in mm or cm;

Reject m
shows
(their measurement divided by or / or 700)
mm
cm
26(.0)
2.6
26.5
2.65
27(.0)
2.7
27.5
2.75
28(.0)
2.8

Reject if no units
[1]
[1]
AND 1000 or 103 (mm)

or 10000 or 104 (cm) or 10 1000;
(iv) Suggest how you would obtain a mean diameter for cells of this type.
ACE
improvement 1
idea of make
more
measurements
Reject calculate
[1]
AND add together

AND divide by
the number of
measurements;
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 12
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(b) (i) Draw a large plan diagram of two different blood vessels shown in K1. Reject if one line for each vessel.
PDO
layout 1
1. clear,
sharp,
(unbroken
lines)
complete
vessels only
MMO
collection 2
2. no cells
AND
no shading
AND
large;
[1]
[1]
AND only two complete

vessels drawn;
Minimum of three lines
between two vessels
[1]
3. different vessels; (more than one) at least two complete

vessels
OR
total size or shape;
Minimum of three lines between two vessels
MMO
decision 2
[1]
4. at least one complete vessel drawn with two or more

layers;
Minimum three lines
5. one with wall thicker than other vessel wall;
UCLES 2010
Reject if more than two vessels
[1]
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Page 13
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
33
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Suggest one way in which these blood vessels are adapted for transport.
ACE
conclusion 1
lumen/hollow
OR
smooth muscle OR tunica media
OR
elastic fibres/elastin OR collagen OR tunica externa;
Total
Reject if more than one given
[1]
[18]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/34

maximum raw mark 40
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
Question
1

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Prepare the space below to show concentrations of hydrogen peroxide; volumes of hydrogen peroxide; volumes of distilled
water.
MMO
decisions 4
three or more concentrations;
[1]
includes 10 % as highest;
[1]
volumes to make up to
10 cm3 or 20 or 30
AND correct;
[1]
even range or serial dilution;
[1]
(ii) Prepare the space below to record your results.

PDO
recording 2
(heading to left or top)

AND concentration;
(heading for one other column or row)

time with units;
MMO
collection 2
MMO
decision 1
[1]
Reject if units in body of table
[1]
collects times in whole seconds or whole minutes;
[1]
figures for time faster at highest concentration compared

with lowest concentration recorded;
[1]
repeats/more than one bead recorded for a concentration

or six concentrations;
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iii) Identify three significant errors in your investigation. Mark for any correct.
ACE
interpretation 3
[max 3]
(beads) not all same or damaged;

(test-tube) not vertical (measuring bead to surface);
(conditions for enzyme action) temperature not constant;
(measuring) beads stuck to sides of tube/stuck together with
those already dropped/float up under each other;
test-tubes not all the same size;
hydrogen peroxide concentration changes or too high or too
low;
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iv) Suggest how you would make three improvements to this investigation.
ACE
improvements 3
(ref. to beads)
describes selection of bead
or passes through sieve with same size holes
or mechanism to release
or allow to drip from syringe
or use spoon or method to prevent damage;
(ref. to method)
(hydrogen peroxide/H)
wider range or more concentrations or adjust the
concentration
or use fresh hydrogen peroxide/H each time
or cover hydrogen peroxide
or wash and dry beads
or use same size of test-tube
or use a large test-tube/measuring cylinder;
(ref to conditions)
thermostatically-controlled waterbath
or describes keeping water bath at constant temp;
(ref. to measuring)
put test-tube in retort stand and make vertical
or view at correct angle
or use video/camera/light gate to record drop
or stain beads
or mark line at top;
repeats and mean/average;
UCLES 2010
[max 3]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(b) (i) Plot a graph of the data shown in Table 1.1.

PDO
layout 4
x-axis
time/min
y-axis
AND vol(ume/) cm3;
Must have units
[1]
scale as
1 min to 2 cm
0.5 cm3 to 2 cm;
Reject S if awkward scale
[1]
correct plotting with


Reject P plotting if awkward scale

Reject if only blobs or dots or blobs in
circles
[1]
ruled/straight line to all

points or smooth curve;

the complete line
Joining plots
Extrapolation
If not correct in context of
data then no extrapolation
at either end of data
UCLES 2010
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Describe and explain the results of the students investigation.

ACE
conclusion 3
in first minute or from 2.9 drops to 0.8

or fastest or largest increase or biggest volume;
[1]
hydrogen peroxide/H or substrate fits into or binds to

enzyme or active sites or forms ESCs;
[1]
lack of hydrogen peroxide/H or substrate or hydrogen

peroxide not high enough;
[1]
Total
[22]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question
2

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Draw a large plan diagram of a sector to include three vascular bundles. Draw a circle around one of the vascular bundles
on your plan diagram. Label the xylem.
Reject if overlaps the text of question
[1]
PDO
layout 1
clear, sharp,
(not thicker than
grid line for whole
line)
unbroken lines
AND no shading
AND larger than

6 cm across
widest point on
sector drawn;
MMO
collection 3
no cells
AND only three

vascular bundles
AND circle round

one vascular
bundle;
[1]
AND middle region of

vascular bundle thicker than
the epidermis;
[1]
any one vascular bundle

divided into at least three
regions with at least one
curved line
one vascular bundle from three drawn or circled
[1]
wider at outer edge than inner edge (apex);

MMO
decision 1
Reject if any label is biologically incorrect.

correct label with label line to inner half of vascular bundle
xylem;
UCLES 2010
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Draw three complete cells from the epidermis which are touching. Draw three complete touching cells between the inner
edge of vascular bundle and centre of the specimen. This drawing should show any difference in size observed between
these cells and the two epidermal cells.
PDO
layout 1
clear, sharp,
MMO
collection 3
two groups of only three

cells drawn
(epidermis)
all cell walls must
have two lines
(inner cells)
all cells rounded
AND
no shading
AND
size of bottom
group of cells;
AND each group of 3 cells

touching;
[1]
[1]
AND
one of these cells,
cell wall obviously
curved or domed;
[1]
AND at least one cell larger

than smallest epidermal cell;
[1]
AND
straight line
between any two
cells
(b) (i) Calculate the actual length, in m, of the structure shown by line X.
PDO
display 2
shows
27.5 or 28 or 28.5
or 29 or 29.5
or 2.75 or 2.8 or
2.85 or 2.9 or 2.95
AND
multiplied by
1000/103
or
multiplied by or
10000/104
divided by 110;
any answer correctly rounded to no more than three

sig. figs.;
UCLES 2010
[1]
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Using Fig. 2.1 find the mean actual length of these structures. Prepare the space below and record your results.
PDO
recording 2
5 or more recorded;
0.0/0.5 mm
or
0.00/0.05 cm
MMO
decision 1
[1]
OR calculated data to same
precision,
same number of sig. figs.;
shows addition and division by number of measurements;
[1]
[1]
(iii) Draw a large plan diagram of the specimen as shown in Fig. 2.1.
PDO
layout 1
no cells
AND five areas of thickening

touching epidermis;
UCLES 2010
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 10
Question

Expected Answers
Syllabus
9700
Paper
34
Additional Guidance
Marks
(c) Annotate your plan diagram to show three differences between your diagram and the specimen on slide N1.
ACE
interpretation 3
Any three annotated labels on plan
[max 3]
features labelled:
under epidermis patches thickening or present;
vascular bundles scattered or not in ring or in
centre;
vascular bundle thickening or collenchyma on top
and bottom/more;
vascular bundle shape longer/thinner;
pith or centre cells not completely stained cells
OR cells relatively much smaller compared to
vascular bundle
OR no intercellular or air spaces between cells;
air space present or large;
whole shape or outer square or not wavy or has
straight sides;
Total
[18]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/35

maximum raw mark 40
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
Question
1

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Complete the sentences: If the plant tissue .. water then the sucrose solution will become more dilute. This will change
the solution so that it becomes dense.
ACE
conclusion 1
loses and less;
[1]
(ii) Show clearly on the diagrams below how you would expect to see the drop move.
ACE
conclusion 2
(same concentration/middle tube)

drop stays at same height/no movement;
[1]
(more concentrated/left tube)

shows drops/sinks/falls
[1]
(less concentrated/right
tube)
AND rises;
(iii) Decide on the concentrations of sucrose solution. Prepare the space below to show concentrations of sucrose solution;
volumes of 1.0 mol dm-3 sucrose solution; volumes of distilled water.
MMO
decisions 3
three concentrations;
[1]
even range;
[1]
correct volumes to make

50 cm3
AND correct molarity;
UCLES 2010
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iv) Prepare the space below to record your observations.

PDO
recording 3
table with cells drawn

no outer boundary
(headings)
(syringe) A
MMO
collection 2
MMO
decision 1
(heading to top/left)
AND conc(entration)/mol
dm 3;
[1]
[1]
AND (syringe) B;
(records) description or key to show movement;
[1]
A (0.7 mol dm 3) moves up and down;
[1]
B (0.25 mol dm 3) moves up in molarities more than 3 and

down in others;
[1]
records more than one drop for each concentration;
[1]
(v) Use your results to estimate the sucrose concentration.

ACE
interpretation
(A) correct with their results;
[1]
(B) correct with results;
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(b) (i) Plot a graph of the data shown in Table 1.1.

PDO
layout 4
0.15
5.0
0.35
12.0
0.55
19.0
0.75
26.0
1.00
35.0
x-axis
[sucrose] or conc
mol dm 3/M/molar
y-axis
AND water potential/
kPa x102;
Must have units
[1]
scale as 0.2 to 2 cm
(allow no 0)
ECF if no labels or
incorrect on axes for O
AND negative 0 at top 10

to 2 cm;
[1]


Reject plotting if scale is awkward or if only

blobs/dots/blobs in circles
[1]
ruled/straight line through

points;
Quality not thick, not

feathery for the complete
line
Joining plots
Straight line through
most plots
Straight line
extrapolated to 0
Extrapolation not beyond
x- or y-axis
[1]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Using your results and your graph estimate the water potential of sample A (0.70).
MMO
collection 1
(using their result for A)

shows clearly on graph how one water potential obtained;
ACE
interpretation 1
any correct reading of water

potential(s)
AND kPa x102;
Allow any indication but must be estimate

of A
[1]
If A between and . reads off two water

potentials allow any correct
Allow if correct with result and reading from
graph
[1]
(iii) Describe how you would improve the investigation to obtain a more accurate estimate of the water potential of sample A.
ACE
improvement 3
more (sucrose) solutions of known water potential;
[max 3]
two further examples of concentration of sucrose or

describes more around where drop drops and rises;
more sucrose solutions or concentrations to estimate A;
standardise the volume of the methylene blue dye
OR
suggests method for controlling volume of drop;
method to introduce drop
OR
measure time to rise or sink;
Total
[23]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
Question
2

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(a) (i) Draw a large plan diagram of half of the trachea showing the ends of the cartilage ring. Label the diagram. Reject all marks
except label if only 1 line.
PDO
layout 1
MMO
collection 2
clear,
sharp,
unbroken lines
AND no shading
no cells
AND large;
Reject if overlaps text in question
[1]
Minimum of three
lines
[1]
AND drawn only half;

Minimum of two lines.
MMO
decision 2
(in half section) has at least two ends of cartilage ring;
[1]
at least 6 lines for layers;
[1]
Reject if any label is biologically incorrect e.g. cell wall

Reject if any labels from other tissues e.g. arteries, veins,
plant tissues and named cells unless described as a layer
Accept any one label with label line correct
cartilage epithelium (smooth) muscle layer of Goblet/mucus
cells lumen;
UCLES 2010
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(ii) Prepare the space below so that it is suitable for you to compare and contrast the specimens on slide L1 and in Fig. 2.1.
correctly headed
AND
comparative
statements
opposite each
other;
PDO
recording 1
organised as
AND
table/venn
diagram/ruled
connected boxes
MMO
collection 1
lumen clearly identified as present in both;
ACE
interpretation 3
feature:
L1 (trachea):
Fig. 2.1:
(bronchiole)
then three of:

1.lumen shape
or lining
regular/circular
not folded/no villi
irregular/not
circular
folded/villi;
absent or not
visible
microvilli;
absent;
present or have;
2. cilia or
brush border
microvilli
3. cartilage
4. surrounding
cells/air
sacs/spaces
5. epithelium
6. goblet
or mucus cells
7. size
8. whole shape
similarities:
smooth muscle
present
cilia/brush border
present
absent or no(ne)
thinner/narrower
present or visible
wider/larger
oval/triangular
(whole shape)
round/circular
thicker/wider;
absent or not
visible;
narrower/smaller;
round/circular;
UCLES 2010
L1
Fig 2.2
[1]
[1]
Ticks and crosses requires a key
Reject 3D, disc or spherical or arbitrary or

random
Reject negatives e.g. not circular
Reject opposites e.g. regular
[max 3]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected Answers
Paper
35
Additional Guidance
Marks
(iii) Calculate the actual distance across the lumen of the structure shown by line X in Fig. 2.1.
MMO
collection 1
PDO
display 2
measures line X correctly in mm or cm
mm/cm
Reject m
28/2.8
shows
their measurement
divided by or / or
70
AND
1000 or 103 (mm)
or 10000 or 104 (cm) or 10 1000;
28.5/2.85
figure to no more than three sig. figs.;
[1]
29/2.9
29.5/2.95
30/3
Reject if no units
UCLES 2010
[1]
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9

Syllabus
9700
Paper
35
(b) Make a large drawing of three of these structures, which must be complete, to show the differences between them. Draw a circle
on Fig. 2.2 around each of the structures Z which you have drawn.
MMO
collection 1
circles 3 complete Z
structures on Fig 2.2
PDO
layout 1
clear,
sharp, unbroken
lines
MMO
decisions 2
two of six structures match those drawn for shape;

one enclosure
matches any one
structure
shape
AND draws three;

AND
no shading
large;
[1]
[1]
Reject if more detail
AND
[1]
[1]
position;
Total
[17]
UCLES 2010
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9700 BIOLOGY
9700/41
Paper 4 (A2 Structured Questions), maximum raw mark 100
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
1

(a) (275 90)

10
or
185
10
18.5 ;;
(b) 1
or
1705
10
Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
for 1 mark
A 19 R 18
[2]
avoid disturbance to, nest sites/nesting females ; R ref. to mating
protect, nest sites/young, from predators ;
avoid sea pollution ;
example of pollution ; e.g. do not throw rubbish into sea / avoid discharge from
boats/light pollution (beaches)
take care when fishing (with nets) ;
stop hunting of adults ; A trading ban on turtle products
captive breeding programmes/AW ;
conservation areas/zoos ;
education/ecotourism ;
[5 max]
[Total: 7]
(a) 1
hamster injected with, antigen/CD40 ;
B cells/plasma cells, with ability to make antibody taken ;
from spleen ;
(B cells/plasma cells) fused with, tumour/cancer/myeloma, cell ;
use of, fusogen/PEG ;
(hybrid) cells cultured/AW ;
check cells for mAb production ;
(antibody making) cells mass produced/AW ;
R use of fermenter
UCLES 2010
A use of fermenter
[4 max]
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Page 3
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
(i) accept mouse survival for heart survival

1
in A, 100% hearts survive 10 days or no heart survives 20 days ;
in D, 100% hearts survive, 80 days/to end of investigation ;
in B, 100% hearts survive 30 days or 10% hearts survive, 80 days/to end of

investigation ;
in C, 100% hearts survive 30 days or 75% hearts survive, 80 days/to end of

investigation ;
penalise once for no mention of percentage in mps 2, 3 and 4

(ii) 1
(c) 1
[4]
in D, both pathways/CD28 and CD40, blocked ;
so T-cells cannot be cloned/no immune response ;
in B, CD40 pathway is not blocked/only CD28 is blocked ;
so T cells can still be cloned/immune response triggered ;
[2 max]
carry blood to, cardiac/heart, muscle/tissue/cells ;
supply oxygen ;
supply, nutrient/named nutrient ;
for, energy release/respiration ;
R produce energy
[3 max]
(d) two of the following:

1
diagnosis of, disease/named disease ; e.g. gonorrhoea/HIV
treatment of disease ; e.g. directing drugs to cancerous cells

disease but not tissue or blood typing
pregnancy testing/drug testing ;
(passive) vaccine production ;
A autoimmune
[2 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
3

Syllabus
9700
(a) E spermatogonium/germinal epithelial cell ;

F secondary spermatocyte ;
G spermatid ; R spermatozoa
H Sertoli cell/nurse cell ;
Paper
41
[4]
(b) Accept identification of cells from diagram.

1
cell E mitosis ;
(E / spermatogonia) increases in size/AW ;
becomes a primary spermatocyte ;
(primary spermatocyte) meiosis I ;
forms secondary spermatocyte(s) ;
2n to n/diploid to haploid/halving chromosome number ;
[4 max]
[Total: 8]
(a)
(i) J epidermis/epidermal cell ;

K mesophyll (cell) ;
L bundle sheath (cell) ;
(ii) 1
(b) 1
[3]
mesophyll cells tightly packed/AW ;
so O2 cannot reach bundle sheath cells ;
light independent stage/Calvin cycle or RuBP, in bundle sheath cells ;
ref. malate shunt ;
maintains high CO2 concentration (in bundle sheath cells) ;
PEP carboxylase, has high optimum temperature/has higher affinity for CO2 /doesnt
accept O2 ;
(PEP carboxylase) not denatured ;
photorespiration is avoided ;
[4 max]
reduces water loss/AW ;
wax does not melt ;
shiny surface reflects radiation ;
UCLES 2010
[2 max]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5

Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
(c) (i) greater reduction in sorghum than in soybean ;

use of comparative figures ; e.g. sorghum 5.5 to 1.2 or by 4.3
soybean 5.2 to 1.6 or by 3.6
[2]
(ii) reject no for all points

1
less surface area ;
less absorption of light ;
less, photophosphorylation / light dependent reaction ;
less chemiosmosis ;
(due to) smaller thylakoid space or reduced proton gradient ;
less ATP (produced) ;
less reduced NADP (produced) ;
light-independent reaction / Calvin cycle, slows down ;
less carbon dioxide, fixed / combined with PEP ;
R uptake
[4 max]
[Total: 15]
(a) (A.) porcatus ;

(b) 1
[1]
A. brunneus, A. smaragdinus and A. carolinensis have smaller differences with

A. porcatus (than with others)/AW ;
therefore more closely related to A. porcatus (than to each other) ;
use of figures ;
AVP ; e.g. comment about figures for A. brunneus with A. smaragdinus/

ref. different times of separation
UCLES 2010
[3 max]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
(c) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
allopatric speciation ;
(lizard populations) separated by water ;
geographical/physical, barrier ;
no, breeding/gene flow, between populations ;
mutations occur ;
different selection pressures/different (environmental) conditions ;
genetic change ; e.g. different alleles selected for/change in allele frequency/

change in gene pool/advantageous alleles passed on ;
(can result in) different chromosome numbers ;
genetic drift ;
10 ultimately, reproductively isolated/cannot interbreed ;
[4 max]
[Total: 8]
(a) change in, DNA/base sequence ;

produces different allele ;
ref. different, protein/polypeptide, produced ;
(b)
[2 max]
1 XrXr ;
3 XrY ;
9 XRXr ;
10 XRY ;
[4]
(c) answers must refer to phosphate ions

1
altered shape/non-functional/no, carrier protein ;
less/no, reabsorption of phosphate ions (into blood) ;
from, glomerular filtrate/lumen of/proximal convoluted tubule ;
more/all, phosphate ions excreted ;
low phosphate ion concentration in, blood/bones ;
R no phosphate ion conc
[2 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
7
(a)
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
(i) glycolysis ;
[1]
(ii) cytoplasm/cytosol ;
[1]
(iii) 4 ;
[1]
A42=2
(i) inner membrane/cristae/stalked particles ;

(ii) 1
[1]
reduced, NAD/FAD ;
dehydrogenase enzymes ;
release hydrogen ;
hydrogen splits into proton and electron ;
electrons flow down, ETC/AW ;
energy released ;
protons pumped (across inner membrane/from matrix) ;
into intermembrane space ;
proton gradient ;
A H R H2/H+
10 protons pass through, ATP synthase/stalked particle ;

11 oxygen final, hydrogen/proton, acceptor ;
(c)
[5 max]
(i) nuclei and ribosomes ;

(ii) 1
[1]
glycolysis, does not occur in mitochondrion/only occurs in cytosol or cytoplasm ;
pyruvate produced in glycolysis ;
pyruvate can enter mitochondrion/glucose cannot enter mitochondrion ;
carbon dioxide produced/decarboxylation, in, Krebs/link reaction ;
(iii) 1
[3 max]
cyanide, inhibits cytochrome oxidase is a non-competitive inhibitor ;
reduced NAD not oxidised/AW ;
Krebs cycle stops ;
alternative H acceptor needed/pyruvate is H acceptor/pyruvate is reduced ; R H+
lactate produced in cytoplasm ;
by anaerobic respiration ;
[3 max]
[Total: 16]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
(a)

(i) 1
(b)
CF allele recessive ;
CF child homozygous recessive ;
[2 max]
thick/sticky/dehydrated, mucus produced ;
mucus not moved effectively by cilia/mucus accumulates ;
reduced gaseous exchange/longer diffusion pathway ;
difficulty in breathing/AW ;
infections/(mucus) traps bacteria ;
lungs are scarred ;
(i) 1
Paper
41
parents, heterozygous/carriers ;
(ii) 1
Syllabus
9700
R mucus blocks airway
[2 max]
alters genotype ;
insert, dominant/normal, allele ;
into, affected/appropriate, cells ;
use of vector/named vector ;
ref. recombinant DNA ;
R gene
[2 max]
(ii) advantage
1
treats cause not symptoms ;
no, physiotherapy/antibiotics/etc, needed ;
less time consuming than others treatments ;
max 1
disadvantage
4
effects only last for a few days (at present)/low uptake by target cells ;
only target lung cells (at present) ;
side effects ;
max 1
[2 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
9
(a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
closely packed to absorb maximum light ;
vertical/at right angles to surface of leaf to reduce number of cross walls ;
large vacuole pushes chloroplasts to edge of cell ;
chloroplasts at edge short diffusion path for carbon dioxide ;
chloroplasts at edge to absorb maximum light ;
large number of chloroplasts to absorb maximum light ;
cylindrical cells or air spaces to circulate gases/provide a reservoir of CO2 ;
large surface area for diffusion of gases ;
moist cell surfaces for diffusion of gases ;
10 cell walls thin for maximum light penetration/diffusion of gases ;

11 chloroplasts can move towards light ;
12 chloroplasts can move away from high light intensity to avoid damage ;
[8 max]
(b) 13 Calvin cycle/stroma ;

14 carbon dioxide fixed by RuBP ;
15 rubisco ;
16 2 molecules of GP formed ;
PGA
17 (GP) forms TP ;
A GALP/PGAL
18 use of ATP ;
19 use of, reduced NADP/NADPH ;
20 from light dependent stage ;
21 some TP forms, hexose/sucrose/starch/cellulose/glycerol ;
22 some TP converted to acetyl CoA ;
23 some TP used to regenerate RuBP ;
24 using ATP ;
allow either mp 18 or mp 24
marks can be awarded on a diagram
[7 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 10
10 (a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
41
renal/Bowmans, capsule ;
ref. podocytes ;
(proximal convoluted tubule/distal convoluted tubule/capsule) in cortex ;
proximal convoluted tubule ;
loop of Henle ;
(loop) in medulla ;
distal convoluted tubule ;
afferent arteriole ;
glomerulus ;
10 efferent arteriole ;
11 capillary network around/proximal convoluted tubule/loop/distal convoluted tubule ;
12 collecting duct ;
accept points on a labelled diagram
[7 max]
(b) 13 endothelium of, blood capillaries/glomerulus ;

14 more/large, gaps between endothelial cells ;
15 podocytes ;
16 large gaps between podocytes/filtration slits ;
17 basement membrane, selective barrier/acts as a filter ;
18 prevents, large protein/RMM > 68 000, passing through ;
19 no cells pass through ;
20 named molecule which is filtered ; e.g. urea/water/glucose/uric acid/creatinine/
Na+/K+/Cl ;
21 high, blood/hydrostatic, pressure in glomerulus ;
22 afferent arteriole wider than efferent arteriole ;
23 lower pressure in, renal/Bowmans, capsule ;
24 fluid forced into capsule/ultrafiltration ;
[8 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/42
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
1
(a) 1
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
more nests in, areas of low salinity/less salty areas ; ora
comment about result for salinity 16-20 not following trend ;
2 paired figs with units ; linked to 1
(i) (31 8)
8
[3]
( 100)
287.5/288 ;;
allow one mark for suitable working if incorrect answer
[2]
(ii) any two from

1
(ensure) low salinity or more freshwater ;
nest sites protected ;
assisted breeding ;
ban on hunting ;
preventing pollution ;
[2 max]
[Total: 7]
(a) 1
(b)
receptor or binding site not, complementary/specific, to FSH ;
FSH has shorter chain than LH ; ora
FSH has different, primary structure/sequence of amino acids ;
FSH has different, tertiary structure/3D shape ;
[3 max]
(i) follicle (cells) ;
A granulosa (cells)
[1]
(ii) corpus luteal (cells) ;
A granulosa (cells)
[1]
(c) 1
(binding to a receptor), acts as a signal to the cells/stimulates cells ;
to, start/increase, synthesis of hormone ; A cells start to divide
oestrogen secreted ;
stimulates thickening of endometrium/inhibits FSH (production) ;
A mature follicle formed (oestrogen),

[3 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
3
(a) 1
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
penicillin inhibits enzyme ; ignore name of enzyme
peptidoglycan chains cannot link up/stops cross-links forming ;
cell wall becomes weaker/AW ;
turgor of cell not resisted (by cell wall)/AW ;
cell/wall, bursts ;
[3 max]
(i) B has, an outer membrane/channel proteins ;

B has thinner (peptidoglycan) wall ; accept ora for A
(ii) 1
[2]
penicillin V can reach the, wall/(cell surface) membrane, of A ; ora
outer membrane of B stops penicillin V getting through ; ora
penicillin V cannot get through pores of outer membrane of B ;
[2 max]
(iii) can penetrate outer membrane ;

through pores/directly through as non-polar ;
[2]
(c) batch culture

1
set up and allowed to proceed ;
nutrients not added or products removed, (during fermentation) ;
air allowed in/waste gas allowed out ;
at end of each process, product harvested/fermenter cleaned out ;
max 2
continuous culture
5
nutrients added (all the time) ;
products removed (all the time) ;
no down time/AW ;
(d) 1
max 2
[3 max]
(Penicillium/fungus), does not make penicillin all the time/penicillin is made in the later
stages of growth ;
when beginning to run out of nutrients ;
(penicillin) is a secondary metabolite ;
continuous culture has no yield of penicillin ;
continuous culture, never reaches stationary phase of growth/always exponential growth ;

[3 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
4
(a) 1
(b)

Paper
42
can be grown in many different environments/AW ;
(grains) contain variety of nutrients ; A list of 3+ nutrients
detail of nutrient content ; e.g. high in calcium/vitamin B/protein
(grains) have high, energy/fibre, content ;
(grains) store well ;
[3 max]
(i) endosperm ;
(ii) 1
[1]
both rise and then fall ;
sorghum (enzyme) has higher activity (at all temperatures) ;
sorghum (enzyme) has higher maximum activity ;
sorghum (enzyme) has higher optimum temperature ; A 70 and 60
comparative figures to illustrate points 2 or 3 ;
(iii) 1
(c)
Syllabus
9700
(rice) tertiary structure/active site, of amylase is altered more by high temperature ;
(therefore) fewer ES/enzyme-substrate complexes formed/AW ;
high temperatures affect H bonds (more than other bonds) ;
amylase in rice may have more H bonds ; ora
correct ref. to other named bond ;
(i) 1
[3 max]
[3 max]
higher CO2 uptake at higher light intensity ; ora
comparative figures ; using columns 1 and 2
CO2 used in, Calvin cycle/light independent reaction ;
photophosphorylation/light dependent stage provides, ATP/reduced NADP ;
for use in, Calvin cycle/light independent reaction ;
light is a limiting factor ;
(ii) 1
2
[3 max]
survive better at low light intensities ;

[2]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
5

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
(a) divergence values less for persimilis than for pseudoobscura (at all DNA regions) ; ora
use of figures ;
(b) 1
some regions of DNA more prone to mutation than others ;
mutation in some regions likely to be fatal (so not seen in populations) ;
there tends to be less divergence if DNA is part of an important gene/ora ;
detail ; e.g. causes change in essential protein
(c) 1
[2]
[2 max]
mutations occur ;
genetic change ; e.g. different alleles selected for/change in allele frequency/change in

gene pool/advantageous alleles passed on ;
genetic drift ;
(ultimately) cannot interbreed/reproductively isolated ;
[4 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
6
(a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
allele/gene, found on X chromosome ;
females have two copies of, allele/gene ;
males have only one copy of, allele/gene ;
[2 max]
(b) key to symbols

recessive allele
Xa (= allele for CI)
dominant allele
XA (= allele for normal iris) ;
cross 1
parental phenotypes
male with CI/cleft iris

Xa
gametes
normal female
all XA ;
or Y
XAXa
offspring genotypes
and
XAY ;
offspring phenotypes
normal female
normal male ;
......................................................................................................................................
or
.....
cross 2
parental phenotypes

Xa
gametes
offspring genotypes
XAXa
offspring phenotypes normal

female
and
normal
male
XA or Xa ;
or Y
XAY
normal female
XaXa
cleft iris/CI
female
XaY ;
cleft iris/CI
male ;
[5]
offspring phenotypes must be linked to genotypes

(c) 1 in 4/25%/0.25 ; R ratios
[1]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
7
(a)
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
(i) removal of, carbon dioxide/carboxyl group ;

removal of hydrogen ;
[2]
(ii) P and Q ;
[1]
(i) 3 ;
[1]
(ii) 1
inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae ;
release hydrogen ;
hydrogen splits into protons and electrons ;
electrons flow down, ETC/Electron Transfer Chain/AW ;
energy released ;
protons pumped across (inner membrane) ;
proton gradient ;
10 protons pass through, ATP synthase/stalked particles ;

11 ATP formed ; linked to 10
12 oxygen (final), hydrogen/proton and electron, acceptor ;
(c) 1
max 4
[5 max]
pyruvate converted to ethanal ;
ethanal reduced ;
by reduced NAD ;
NAD, oxidised/regenerated ;
allows glycolysis to continue ;
ethanal dehydrogenase ;
ethanol formed ;
prevents H+ from lowering pH ;
UCLES 2010
[4 max]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
(d) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
no, decarboxylation/carbon dioxide removed ; A ora
single step ;
lactate dehydrogenase ;
reversible ;
[3 max]
[Total: 16]
(a)
(i) 1
2
(therefore) change product of cell ;
during protein synthesis ;
(ii) 1
(b)
change in, genetic material/DNA, (in cell) ;
[2 max]
identification of transformed, cells/organisms ;
avoid use of antibiotics ;
easy to detect ;
no known ill effect on GM organism ;
(i) 1
reduces deficiency disease/AW ;
better quality food ;
assistance to developing nations/AW ;
cheap seed ; e.g. for golden rice
(ii) 1
[2 max]
[2 max]
high cost of GM seed ;
too much power held by multinational companies ;
change to ecosystem ; e.g. hybridisation
GM crops may be difficult to sell ;
GM plant varieties may be genetically unstable ;
no long term studies done on effects on human health ;
reduction in biodiversity/outcompetes natural variety or species ;
[2 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
9
(a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
arranged in light harvesting, clusters/system ;
primary pigments/chlorophyll a ;
at reaction centre ;
P700/P1, absorbs at 700(nm) ;
accessory pigments/chlorophyll b/carotenoids, surround, primary pigment/reaction

centre/ chlorophyll a ;
pass energy to, primary pigment/reaction centre/chlorophyll a ;
P700 / PI, involved in cyclic photophosphorylation ;
(light absorbed results in) electron excited/AW ;
10 emitted from, chlorophyll/photosystem ;

11 flows along, chain of electron carriers/ETC ;
12 ATP synthesis ;
13 electron returns to, P700/P1 ;
[8 max]
(b) 14 photolysis (of water) ;

15 releases H+ ; R H/hydrogen atoms
16 by, P680/PII ;
17 e released ;
18 by, P700/PI ;
19 both combine with NADP ;
(reduced NADP)
20 reduces, GP ; A PGA
21 to TP ; A PGAL / GALP
22 ATP used ;
23 NADP, regenerated/oxidised ;
[7 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 10
10 (a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
42
nucleus in cell body ;
(long) dendron ; R plural
(shorter) axon ;
many mitochondria (in cell body) ;
many RER/nissls granules, (in cell body) ;
synaptic knobs ;
detail of synaptic knob ;
(terminal) dendrites ;
Schwann cells ;
10 detail of myelin sheath ;

11
nodes of Ranvier ;
accept points on labelled diagram
[7 max]
(b) 12 Na+ channels open ;
A sodium channels
13 Na+ enter cell ;
R enter membrane
14 inside becomes, less negative/positive/+40mV or membrane depolarised ;

15 Na+ channels close ;
A sodium channels
16 K+ channels open ;
A potassium channels
17 K+ move out (of cell) ;
R of membrane
18 inside becomes negative or membrane repolarised ; A negative figure

max 5
19 local circuits/description ;
20 (myelin sheath/Schwann cells) insulate axon/does not allow movement of ions ;
21 action potential/depolarisation, only at nodes (of Ranvier)/gaps ;
22 saltatory conduction/AW ;
23 one-way transmission ;
24 AVP ; e.g. hyperpolarisation/refractory period
[8 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/43
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2
1
(a) 1
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
more nests in, areas of low salinity/less salty areas ; ora
comment about result for salinity 16-20 not following trend ;
2 paired figs with units ; linked to 1
(i) (31 8)
8
[3]
( 100)
287.5/288 ;;
allow one mark for suitable working if incorrect answer
[2]
(ii) any two from

1
(ensure) low salinity or more freshwater ;
nest sites protected ;
assisted breeding ;
ban on hunting ;
preventing pollution ;
[2 max]
[Total: 7]
(a) 1
(b)
receptor or binding site not, complementary/specific, to FSH ;
FSH has shorter chain than LH ; ora
FSH has different, primary structure/sequence of amino acids ;
FSH has different, tertiary structure/3D shape ;
[3 max]
(i) follicle (cells) ;
A granulosa (cells)
[1]
(ii) corpus luteal (cells) ;
A granulosa (cells)
[1]
(c) 1
(binding to a receptor), acts as a signal to the cells/stimulates cells ;
to, start/increase, synthesis of hormone ; A cells start to divide
oestrogen secreted ;
stimulates thickening of endometrium/inhibits FSH (production) ;
A mature follicle formed (oestrogen),

[3 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
3
(a) 1
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
penicillin inhibits enzyme ; ignore name of enzyme
peptidoglycan chains cannot link up/stops cross-links forming ;
cell wall becomes weaker/AW ;
turgor of cell not resisted (by cell wall)/AW ;
cell/wall, bursts ;
[3 max]
(i) B has, an outer membrane/channel proteins ;

B has thinner (peptidoglycan) wall ; accept ora for A
(ii) 1
[2]
penicillin V can reach the, wall/(cell surface) membrane, of A ; ora
outer membrane of B stops penicillin V getting through ; ora
penicillin V cannot get through pores of outer membrane of B ;
[2 max]
(iii) can penetrate outer membrane ;

through pores/directly through as non-polar ;
[2]
(c) batch culture

1
set up and allowed to proceed ;
nutrients not added or products removed, (during fermentation) ;
air allowed in/waste gas allowed out ;
at end of each process, product harvested/fermenter cleaned out ;
max 2
continuous culture
5
nutrients added (all the time) ;
products removed (all the time) ;
no down time/AW ;
(d) 1
max 2
[3 max]
(Penicillium/fungus), does not make penicillin all the time/penicillin is made in the later
stages of growth ;
when beginning to run out of nutrients ;
(penicillin) is a secondary metabolite ;
continuous culture has no yield of penicillin ;
continuous culture, never reaches stationary phase of growth/always exponential growth ;

[3 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
4
(a) 1
(b)

Paper
43
can be grown in many different environments/AW ;
(grains) contain variety of nutrients ; A list of 3+ nutrients
detail of nutrient content ; e.g. high in calcium/vitamin B/protein
(grains) have high, energy/fibre, content ;
(grains) store well ;
[3 max]
(i) endosperm ;
(ii) 1
[1]
both rise and then fall ;
sorghum (enzyme) has higher activity (at all temperatures) ;
sorghum (enzyme) has higher maximum activity ;
sorghum (enzyme) has higher optimum temperature ; A 70 and 60
comparative figures to illustrate points 2 or 3 ;
(iii) 1
(c)
Syllabus
9700
(rice) tertiary structure/active site, of amylase is altered more by high temperature ;
(therefore) fewer ES/enzyme-substrate complexes formed/AW ;
high temperatures affect H bonds (more than other bonds) ;
amylase in rice may have more H bonds ; ora
correct ref. to other named bond ;
(i) 1
[3 max]
[3 max]
higher CO2 uptake at higher light intensity ; ora
CO2 used in, Calvin cycle/light independent reaction ;
photophosphorylation/light dependent stage provides, ATP/reduced NADP ;
for use in, Calvin cycle/light independent reaction ;
light is a limiting factor ;
(ii) 1
2
[3 max]
survive better at low light intensities ;

[2]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
5

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
(a) divergence values less for persimilis than for pseudoobscura (at all DNA regions) ; ora
use of figures ;
(b) 1
some regions of DNA more prone to mutation than others ;
mutation in some regions likely to be fatal (so not seen in populations) ;
there tends to be less divergence if DNA is part of an important gene/ora ;
detail ; e.g. causes change in essential protein
(c) 1
[2]
[2 max]
mutations occur ;
genetic change ; e.g. different alleles selected for/change in allele frequency/change in

gene pool/advantageous alleles passed on ;
genetic drift ;
(ultimately) cannot interbreed/reproductively isolated ;
[4 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
6
(a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
allele/gene, found on X chromosome ;
females have two copies of, allele/gene ;
males have only one copy of, allele/gene ;
[2 max]
(b) key to symbols

recessive allele
Xa (= allele for CI)
dominant allele
XA (= allele for normal iris) ;
cross 1
parental phenotypes

Xa
gametes
normal female
all XA ;
or Y
XAXa
offspring genotypes
and
XAY ;
offspring phenotypes
normal female
normal male ;
......................................................................................................................................
or
.....
cross 2
parental phenotypes

Xa
gametes
offspring genotypes
XAXa
offspring phenotypes normal

female
and
normal
male
XA or Xa ;
or Y
XAY
normal female
XaXa
cleft iris/CI
female
XaY ;
cleft iris/CI
male ;
[5]
offspring phenotypes must be linked to genotypes

(c) 1 in 4/25%/0.25 ; R ratios
[1]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
7
(a)
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
(i) removal of, carbon dioxide/carboxyl group ;

removal of hydrogen ;
[2]
(ii) P and Q ;
[1]
(i) 3 ;
[1]
(ii) 1
inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae ;
release hydrogen ;
hydrogen splits into protons and electrons ;
electrons flow down, ETC/Electron Transfer Chain/AW ;
energy released ;
protons pumped across (inner membrane) ;
proton gradient ;
10 protons pass through, ATP synthase/stalked particles ;

11 ATP formed ; linked to 10
12 oxygen (final), hydrogen/proton and electron, acceptor ;
(c) 1
max 4
[5 max]
pyruvate converted to ethanal ;
ethanal reduced ;
by reduced NAD ;
NAD, oxidised/regenerated ;
allows glycolysis to continue ;
ethanal dehydrogenase ;
ethanol formed ;
prevents H+ from lowering pH ;
UCLES 2010
[4 max]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 8
(d) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
no, decarboxylation/carbon dioxide removed ; A ora
single step ;
lactate dehydrogenase ;
reversible ;
[3 max]
[Total: 16]
(a)
(i) 1
2
(therefore) change product of cell ;
during protein synthesis ;
(ii) 1
(b)
change in, genetic material/DNA, (in cell) ;
[2 max]
identification of transformed, cells/organisms ;
avoid use of antibiotics ;
easy to detect ;
no known ill effect on GM organism ;
(i) 1
reduces deficiency disease/AW ;
better quality food ;
assistance to developing nations/AW ;
cheap seed ; e.g. for golden rice
(ii) 1
[2 max]
[2 max]
high cost of GM seed ;
too much power held by multinational companies ;
change to ecosystem ; e.g. hybridisation
GM crops may be difficult to sell ;
GM plant varieties may be genetically unstable ;
no long term studies done on effects on human health ;
reduction in biodiversity/outcompetes natural variety or species ;
[2 max]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 9
9
(a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
arranged in light harvesting, clusters/system ;
primary pigments/chlorophyll a ;
at reaction centre ;
accessory pigments/chlorophyll b/carotenoids, surround, primary pigment/reaction

centre/ chlorophyll a ;
pass energy to, primary pigment/reaction centre/chlorophyll a ;
P700 / PI, involved in cyclic photophosphorylation ;
(light absorbed results in) electron excited/AW ;
10 emitted from, chlorophyll/photosystem ;

11 flows along, chain of electron carriers/ETC ;
12 ATP synthesis ;
13 electron returns to, P700/P1 ;
[8 max]
(b) 14 photolysis (of water) ;

15 releases H+ ; R H/hydrogen atoms
16 by, P680/PII ;
17 e released ;
18 by, P700/PI ;
19 both combine with NADP ;
(reduced NADP)
20 reduces, GP ; A PGA
21 to TP ; A PGAL / GALP
22 ATP used ;
23 NADP, regenerated/oxidised ;
[7 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 10
10 (a) 1

Syllabus
9700
Paper
43
nucleus in cell body ;
(long) dendron ; R plural
(shorter) axon ;
many mitochondria (in cell body) ;
many RER/nissls granules, (in cell body) ;
synaptic knobs ;
detail of synaptic knob ;
(terminal) dendrites ;
Schwann cells ;
10 detail of myelin sheath ;

11
nodes of Ranvier ;
accept points on labelled diagram
[7 max]
(b) 12 Na+ channels open ;
A sodium channels
13 Na+ enter cell ;
R enter membrane
14 inside becomes, less negative/positive/+40mV or membrane depolarised ;

15 Na+ channels close ;
A sodium channels
16 K+ channels open ;
A potassium channels
17 K+ move out (of cell) ;
R of membrane
18 inside becomes negative or membrane repolarised ; A negative figure

max 5
19 local circuits/description ;
20 (myelin sheath/Schwann cells) insulate axon/does not allow movement of ions ;
21 action potential/depolarisation, only at nodes (of Ranvier)/gaps ;
22 saltatory conduction/AW ;
23 one-way transmission ;
24 AVP ; e.g. hyperpolarisation/refractory period
[8 max]
[Total: 15]
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/51
Paper 5 (Planning, Analysis and Evaluation),

maximum raw mark 30
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2

Syllabus
9700
Paper
51
Mark schemes abbreviations:

;
separates marking points

/
alternative answers for the same point

R
reject

A
accept (for answers correctly cued by the question, or guidance for examiners)

AW
alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual)

underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants excepted)

max
indicates the maximum number of marks that can be given
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3
Question
1
(a) (i)
(ii)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
51
Expected answer
Extra guidance
oxygen / gas / air, produced (by photosynthesis);
Do not allow: use / production of carbon

dioxide / respiration / bubbles
Allow: losing / releasing oxygen, etc.
7 of:
independent variable
1. a method of varying light intensity or use low light intensity;
2.
ref. to a method of measuring light intensity;
3.
ref. to a method of eliminating other light sources;
4. ref. to testing leaf discs for the two locations separately;

dependent variable
5. ref. to a method of measuring photosynthesis by rising of discs;
6.
ref to time taken;
standardising variables (max 3)

7. ref. to discs from more than one leaf (from each location);
8. ref. leaf discs all being same diameter / size / number / mass.
9. ref. to same volume of hydrogen carbonate solution (in syringe);
10. ref. to using fresh hydrogen carbonate solution for each measurement /
same concentration of H carbonate;
UCLES 2010
1. e.g. lamp (with standard bulb) and

vary distance / lamp at same
distance and vary wattage / lamp at
same distance and use filters of
different thickness / AW
2. e.g. (light) meter / photodiode / light
dependent resistor / photometer /
low wattage / 60 or below
Allow ref. to using a camera meter
3. e.g. dark room or box for
measurement
4. often implied
5. Do not allow: counting bubbles /
leaves rising
6. e.g. time for (all or a specified
number of) discs to rise / specified
time and count the number of discs
floating / distance risen in stated
time
Allow: ecf time for bubble counting
8. Allow: use same straw for cutting
9/10 Watch for confusion with
hydrogen carbonate indicator
but ecf
Mark
AO
[1]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question

Syllabus
9700
Expected answer
Extra guidance
11. ref. to method of standardising temperature;
11. water bath / incubator / controlled

room
Do not allow: room temp
Do not allow: pH for standardising
variables
12. ref. to acclimatising before measuring;

Reliability
13. ref. to repeating at least three times and taking mean;
safety:
14. ref. to low risk investigation / AW or any suitable safety concern +
precaution;
(b) (i)
x light intensity
y rate of photosynthesis;
suitable unit on one axis; Ignore other units
(ii)
Paper
51
(rate of) photosynthesis / gas production / oxygen production for shade

leaf (discs) is higher (than exposed discs) at low intensity / ref. figures;
photosynthesis / gas production / oxygen production begins at lower light
intensity in shade leaf discs;
Allow:
at high(er) light intensity shade leaves level off / AW, whilst sun leaves
continue to rise / AW;
UCLES 2010
Mark
AO
13. Allow: several or many

Allow: to remove anomalies /
outliers
14. e.g. hydrogen carbonate + gloves /
eye protection
dry hands to prevent electrical shock /
AW
Do not allow: be careful unqualified
Do not allow: care with cutting
[7]
light e.g. arbitrary / lux / lumens /

candela / 1/d2
allow, watts / kilowatts / voltage
photosynthesis. e.g. 1/time / arbitrary
Allow: ecf for unit mark if axes wrong
[2]
Allow: reverse arguments for sun

leaves at low intensity
Ignore: initial if the answer is about
rate
Do not allow: answers that imply time
e.g. starts sooner / before .
Ignore: idea that photosynthesis stops
at higher light intensities
assume that it or they is the shade
leaves if not stated in the answer
[2]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
(c) (i)
(ii)

Syllabus
9700
0.2mm2;
must have units.
185;; two marks if some working shown

look for working if answer wrong
37
= 185
0.2
if 0.196..... used ecf and take 188 or 189 whole nos. only
If calculation correct but answer not

transferred to table allow both marks
if other values in (c) (i) ecf by checking the calculation

(iii)
(iv)
(d)
Paper
51
there is no difference in the, number / frequency, of stomata in, exposed /

sun, leaves and, shaded / shade, leaves;
t-test;
comparing two means / means have a similar standard deviation / data
has a normal distribution / is continuous / is not discrete;
1 of:
sun leaves have (fewer stomata) as more likely to lose water /
transpire; ora
shade leaves have (more stomata) to increase gas / CO2 diffusion /
AW;
[1]
[2]
Do not allow: the experimental

hypothesis
[1]
Do not allow: 2 sets of data are being

compared
ecf if the test name is incorrect
Allow: a correct reason for the t-test.
[2]
Do not allow: to increase

photosynthesis unqualified
Do not allow: stomata related to light
absorption
Watch out for statements that there are
more stomata in sun leaves without any
qualification.
Assume comment applies to shade
leaves if not stated.
Do not allow: oxygen is given out
[1]
1/0.2 = 5
5 37 = 185
Allow: any variation on the basic idea

e.g. the (observed) means / number,
are the same
there is no difference (between the two
leaf types)
Total:
UCLES 2010
[19]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6
(a) (i)
(ii)
(iii)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
51
1 of:
ref. to thickness / volume / consistency / concentration of, agar / depth of
wells / volume of wells / distance of antigen wells from test organism wells;
ref to temperature;
ref. to volume serum / antigen volume;
Do not allow: amount for any

quantitative answer
the serum / antibody / antibodies (from the test organisms);
Do not allow: if antigen also mentioned

Allow: organism from which serum /
antibody came Ignore amount / volume
etc.
Do not allow: pH
[1]
[1]
Allow: 2 marks if lines do not intersect

If the lines are reversed / spread
outside dish max. 1
Do not allow: if the lines are inverted /
lines cross wells
[2]
2. the idea test will not detect low

concentrations
4. Allow: if slow is in the context of
getting results of tests
[2]
2 lines / 1 thick line, between 2 and antigens;

1 line between 1 and antigens;
test organism 1
test organism 2
antigen X +
antigen Y
(b)
2 of:
1. ref. to all antibodies not forming precipitates / AW;
2. ref. to sensitivity / AW;
3. ref. to more qualitative / difficult to quantify;
4. ref. to, slow rate / inability to diffuse of some antibodies;
5. ref to problem of identifying individual antigens / AW;
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
(c) (i)
(ii)

Syllabus
9700
group 1
ref. to the idea of a control;
group 2 and 3
ref. to idea of finding how many organisms, give immunity / needed;
group 4
ref. to idea of finding the number of, inoculations / boosters, needed;
2 of:
ref. to (information that mutant) Plasmodium breeds / develops / AW in
mosquitoes;
ref. to breeding mosquitoes / culturing in salivary gland tissue / AW;
ref. to extracting (Plasmodium) from salivary glands / culture of salivary
glands;
Paper
51
Be careful they are not conclusions
e.g. how many are needed (to make the
vaccine work)
e.g. to see if another booster is needed
[2]
Allow: idea of a culture medium similar

to salivary gland / saliva
Ignore: from the liver of mice
Total:
UCLES 2010
[3]
[11]
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/52

maximum raw mark 30
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2

Syllabus
9700
Paper
52

;

/

R
reject

A

AW


max
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3

Syllabus
9700
Paper
52
Question
Expected answer
Extra guidance
a mesophytic plant loses more water than a xerophytic plant;
Allow: any variation on the basic idea, but

it must include a plant and water loss.
Do not allow: loss in xerophyte greater
than mesophyte
Ignore: any ref. to external conditions /
water uptake
(a) (i)
(ii)
8 of:
independent variable:
1. ref. to shoots / leaves of different types of plant / xerophyte and
mesophyte / type of plant used;
2. ref. to similar surface area;
dependent variable
3. ref. to measuring / recording the movement (of water) along the
capillary;
4. ref. to time (of water movement) / description of measuring time;
control variables (max 3)
5. ref. to same (environmental) conditions;
Mark
AO
[1]
[8]
1. Allow: named examples of

xerophyte / mesophyte
2. Ignore: mass
Allow: same / similar number of
leaves
3. Do not allow: upwards movement
Ignore: dye
4. Do not allow: if an inappropriate time
is specified e.g. seconds
5. Allow: for any example, light /
humidity / temperature
6. ref. to inserting / cutting shoot under water / cutting shoot at an angle;

7. ref. to drying leaves before measuring;
8. ref. to airtight seal (around shoot) / airtight apparatus / no air locks;
procedure
9. ref. to using syringe to set (water level) in capillary;
10. ref. to leaving until steady rate / equilibrate;
reliability
11. ref. to repeats / replicates min 3 and mean value;
safety:
12. ref. to a low risk experiment;
UCLES 2010
8. Ignore: watertight
9. Ignore: ref. to indicator
11. Allow: to remove anomalies
12. Allow: example of appropriate safety
e.g. care in cutting shoots / pushing
capillary through a bung
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question
(iii)
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
52
Expected answer
Extra guidance
ref. to finding surface area of the capillary;

ref. to multiplying (surface area (r2)) by distance moved;
OR
use syringe to push water back to original position;
measure volume from the syringe:
OR
idea that the capillary is pre-calibrated;
(and) find the volume from the distance moved / read from scale;
Allow: both marks if formula for volume

of cylinder is shown any of these is
acceptable
r2 l / d / h
d2
l / d / h;
4
d2
l / d / h;
2
2 of:
axes correct orientation and labelled appropriately for type of graph;
mesophyte shown as having higher water loss / rate of water loss;
meso xero
water loss
meso
xero
rate
type of leaf
time
Mark
AO
[2]
[2]
Line Graphs and Bar Charts:

y axis rate / water loss / distance
moved (by water or meniscus) / rate of
transpiration
Line Graph
x axis time
Allow: lines that start at 0
Bar Charts
x axis type of leaf
Allow: marks on a horizontal bar chart

If the x axis is incorrect but y axis is
related to water movement
Allow: mark for the difference in water
loss
If axes reversed on a line graph,
Allow: the mark for the lines if shown
correctly
Allow: marks on two graphs
units are not required
xero
type of leaf
meso
rate
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question
(c) (i)

Expected answer
Mark
AO
Watch for area being halved or doubled

72 or 18
Allow: ecf for the calculation
Look for the correct figures in the answer.
This may be in a combined formula.
Allow: 0.17 / 0.1& 6 cm3 m 2 min 1
Allow: any other valid method of
calculating rate
Do not allow: fractions
[3]
t- test;
the data has a normal distribution / continuous / not discrete / comparing
two means / averages;
Allow: correct reason for t-test even if

the name is incorrect
Do not allow: to compare 2 sets of data
[2]
3 of:
1. mesophyte has greater mass loss / water loss / transpiration (than a
xerophyte);
2. less mass / less water is lost / less transpiration over time by (both)
leaves / lower side of leaves / upper side of leaves covered;
3. both leaves / xerophyte / mesophyte lose more mass / more water /
transpire more from the lower side of the leaf / when the upper surface
is covered;
4. xerophyte loses almost no water from the upper side / loses most of its
water from the lower side of the leaf;
Allow: reverse arguments for points 14

Allow: use of figures for points 14
1. Allow: if refer to upper and lower
surface of leaves
Allow:
5. there are more stomata on the
lower surface (of both leaves);
6. xerophyte has fewer stomata on
lower side than the mesophyte /
mesophyte has more stomata on
lower side than a xerophyte;
7. mesophyte has stomata on both
sides of the leaf;
8. xerophyte may not have any
stomata on upper side;
9. xerophyte has thicker cuticle than
mesophyte;
Do not allow: guard cells
[3]
area =
36
/ 0.0036 / 3.6 10 3 / 36 10 4 (m2);
10 000 / 10 4
0.018
/ 0.0006 / 6 10 4 (cm3 min 1);
30
cm 3 min 1
0.0006 / 6 10 4
rate =
= 0.167 cm3 m 2 min 1;
4
2
3
0.0036 / 3.6 10 36 10 (m )
(d)
Paper
52
Extra guidance
water loss =
(ii)
Syllabus
9700
Total:
UCLES 2010
[21]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6

Syllabus
9700
Paper
52
Question
Expected answer
Extra guidance
2 of:

quantitative answer.
(a)
ref. to culture medium / growth medium / nutrient;

ref. to constant volume / concentration;
AO
[2]
[2]
[1]
Do not allow: ref. to cell numbers or

time
ref. to amino acid;

ref. to constant volume (of both types) added;
ref. temperature;
ref. to suitable method of providing constant temp.
Allow: ref. to fermenter features water

jacket (+ monitor)
water bath must refer to a constant /
stated temperature
ref. to aeration;
ref. to a method of supplying oxygen / air;
Allow: ref. to fermenter features

sparger / air lift
ref. to pH;
ref. to buffers / named buffers;
(b)
Mark
Increase in number of cells (after 6 days);

number of cells at beginning / previous
Allow: ratio of increase in cells to the

initial number of cells.
Ignore: percentages
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question
(c)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
52
Expected answer
Extra guidance
glutamine:
Support
Cause and effect must be correct

watch for cell increase and amino acids
concentrations being reversed.
Allow: glutamate for glutamic acid
1.
stimulates / shows an increase and ref to any figure or range between

0.110 (mmol dm 3);
Not support
2. does not stimulate / inhibits / shows decrease at 20 / 40 (mmol dm 3);
glutamic acid:
Support
3. does not stimulate / inhibits / shows a decrease at 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.5 / 40
(mmol dm 3);
Not support
4. shows little effect on growth / too inconsistent / does not show any
trend (to draw any conclusion);
Not support
5. at 10 (mmol dm 3) / 20 (mmol dm 3) appears to increase growth;
anywhere in answer:
Support
6. results should be reliable as means of 50 counts (per culture) / large
number used;
Not support
7. cell counting procedures are estimates / prone to error;
AO
[4]
2. Allow: no cells / no growth / no

changes
Do not allow: cells are dead / no
cells
5. Allow: may be anomalous results at

these concentrations
For comparisons between figs. of
glutamine and glutamic acid:
for appropriate use of figures max 2.
mark points 6 and 7 can also be
awarded.
Support
8. more growth with glutamine than
glutamic acid between 010 (mmol
dm 3);
Not support
9. more growth with glutamic acid than
glutamine at 20 (mm dm 3) and 40
(mmol dm 3);
Total:
UCLES 2010
Mark
[9]
www.maxpapers.com

9700 BIOLOGY
9700/53

maximum raw mark 30
examination.
www.maxpapers.com
Page 2

Syllabus
9700
Paper
53

;

/

R
reject

A

AW


max
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 3

Syllabus
9700
Paper
53
Question
Expected answer
Extra guidance
a mesophytic plant loses more water than a xerophytic plant;
Allow: any variation on the basic idea, but

it must include a plant and water loss.
Do not allow: loss in xerophyte greater
than mesophyte
Ignore: any ref. to external conditions /
water uptake
(a) (i)
(ii)
8 of:
independent variable:
1. ref. to shoots / leaves of different types of plant / xerophyte and
mesophyte / type of plant used;
2. ref. to similar surface area;
dependent variable
3. ref. to measuring / recording the movement (of water) along the
capillary;
4. ref. to time (of water movement) / description of measuring time;
control variables (max 3)
5. ref. to same (environmental) conditions;
Mark
AO
[1]
[8]
1. Allow: named examples of

xerophyte / mesophyte
2. Ignore: mass
Allow: same / similar number of
leaves
3. Do not allow: upwards movement
Ignore: dye
4. Do not allow: if an inappropriate time
is specified e.g. seconds
5. Allow: for any example, light /
humidity / temperature
6. ref. to inserting / cutting shoot under water / cutting shoot at an angle;

7. ref. to drying leaves before measuring;
8. ref. to airtight seal (around shoot) / airtight apparatus / no air locks;
procedure
9. ref. to using syringe to set (water level) in capillary;
10. ref. to leaving until steady rate / equilibrate;
reliability
11. ref. to repeats / replicates min 3 and mean value;
safety:
12. ref. to a low risk experiment;
UCLES 2010
8. Ignore: watertight
9. Ignore: ref. to indicator
11. Allow: to remove anomalies
12. Allow: example of appropriate safety
e.g. care in cutting shoots / pushing
capillary through a bung
www.maxpapers.com
Page 4
Question
(iii)
(b)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
53
Expected answer
Extra guidance
ref. to finding surface area of the capillary;

ref. to multiplying (surface area (r2)) by distance moved;
OR
use syringe to push water back to original position;
measure volume from the syringe:
OR
idea that the capillary is pre-calibrated;
(and) find the volume from the distance moved / read from scale;
Allow: both marks if formula for volume

of cylinder is shown any of these is
acceptable
r2 l / d / h
d2
l / d / h;
4
d2
l / d / h;
2
2 of:
axes correct orientation and labelled appropriately for type of graph;
mesophyte shown as having higher water loss / rate of water loss;
meso xero
water loss
meso
xero
rate
type of leaf
time
Mark
AO
[2]
[2]
Line Graphs and Bar Charts:

y axis rate / water loss / distance
moved (by water or meniscus) / rate of
transpiration
Line Graph
x axis time
Allow: lines that start at 0
Bar Charts
x axis type of leaf
Allow: marks on a horizontal bar chart

If the x axis is incorrect but y axis is
related to water movement
Allow: mark for the difference in water
loss
If axes reversed on a line graph,
Allow: the mark for the lines if shown
correctly
Allow: marks on two graphs
units are not required
xero
type of leaf
meso
rate
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 5
Question
(c) (i)

Expected answer
Mark
AO
Watch for area being halved or doubled

72 or 18
Allow: ecf for the calculation
Look for the correct figures in the answer.
This may be in a combined formula.
Allow: 0.17 / 0.1& 6 cm3 m 2 min 1
Allow: any other valid method of
calculating rate
Do not allow: fractions
[3]
t- test;
the data has a normal distribution / continuous / not discrete / comparing
two means / averages;
Allow: correct reason for t-test even if

the name is incorrect
Do not allow: to compare 2 sets of data
[2]
3 of:
1. mesophyte has greater mass loss / water loss / transpiration (than a
xerophyte);
2. less mass / less water is lost / less transpiration over time by (both)
leaves / lower side of leaves / upper side of leaves covered;
3. both leaves / xerophyte / mesophyte lose more mass / more water /
transpire more from the lower side of the leaf / when the upper surface
is covered;
4. xerophyte loses almost no water from the upper side / loses most of its
water from the lower side of the leaf;
Allow: reverse arguments for points 14

Allow: use of figures for points 14
1. Allow: if refer to upper and lower
surface of leaves
Allow:
5. there are more stomata on the
lower surface (of both leaves);
6. xerophyte has fewer stomata on
lower side than the mesophyte /
mesophyte has more stomata on
lower side than a xerophyte;
7. mesophyte has stomata on both
sides of the leaf;
8. xerophyte may not have any
stomata on upper side;
9. xerophyte has thicker cuticle than
mesophyte;
Do not allow: guard cells
[3]
area =
36
/ 0.0036 / 3.6 10 3 / 36 10 4 (m2);
10 000 / 10 4
0.018
/ 0.0006 / 6 10 4 (cm3 min 1);
30
cm 3 min 1
0.0006 / 6 10 4
rate =
= 0.167 cm3 m 2 min 1;
4
2
3
0.0036 / 3.6 10 36 10 (m )
(d)
Paper
53
Extra guidance
water loss =
(ii)
Syllabus
9700
Total:
UCLES 2010
[21]
www.maxpapers.com
Page 6

Syllabus
9700
Paper
53
Question
Expected answer
Extra guidance
2 of:

quantitative answer.
(a)
ref. to culture medium / growth medium / nutrient;

ref. to constant volume / concentration;
AO
[2]
[2]
[1]
Do not allow: ref. to cell numbers or

time
ref. to amino acid;

ref. to constant volume (of both types) added;
ref. temperature;
ref. to suitable method of providing constant temp.
Allow: ref. to fermenter features water

jacket (+ monitor)
water bath must refer to a constant /
stated temperature
ref. to aeration;
ref. to a method of supplying oxygen / air;
Allow: ref. to fermenter features

sparger / air lift
ref. to pH;
ref. to buffers / named buffers;
(b)
Mark
Increase in number of cells (after 6 days);

number of cells at beginning / previous
Allow: ratio of increase in cells to the

initial number of cells.
Ignore: percentages
UCLES 2010
www.maxpapers.com
Page 7
Question
(c)

Syllabus
9700
Paper
53
Expected answer
Extra guidance
glutamine:
Support
Cause and effect must be correct

watch for cell increase and amino acids
concentrations being reversed.
Allow: glutamate for glutamic acid
1.
stimulates / shows an increase and ref to any figure or range between

0.110 (mmol dm-3);
Not support
2. does not stimulate / inhibits / shows decrease at 20 / 40 (mmol dm-3);
glutamic acid:
Support
3. does not stimulate / inhibits / shows a decrease at 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.5 / 40
(mmol dm-3);
Not support
4. shows little effect on growth / too inconsistent / does not show any
trend (to draw any conclusion);
Not support
5. at 10 (mmol dm-3) / 20 (mmol dm-3) appears to increase growth;
anywhere in answer:
Support
6. results should be reliable as means of 50 counts (per culture) / large
number used;
Not support
7. cell counting procedures are estimates / prone to error;
AO
[4]
2. Allow: no cells / no growth / no

changes
Do not allow: cells are dead / no
cells
5. Allow: may be anomalous results at

these concentrations
For comparisons between figs. of
glutamine and glutamic acid:
for appropriate use of figures max 2.
mark points 6 and 7 can also be
awarded.
Support
8. more growth with glutamine than
glutamic acid between 010 (mmol
dm-3);
Not support
9. more growth with glutamic acid than
glutamine at 20 (mm dm-3) and 40
(mmol dm-3);
Total:
UCLES 2010
Mark
[9]

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MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

Paper 11 (Multiple Choice), maximum raw mark 40

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

Paper 12 (Multiple Choice), maximum raw mark 40

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MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

Paper 13 (Multiple Choice), maximum raw mark 40

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MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

Paper 2 (AS Structured Questions), maximum raw mark 60

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(shape of) U / active site, gives specificity ; A ecf from (i)

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(a) award two marks if correct answer (29) or (28) is given

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(a) (i) right ventricle ;

SAN sends out, wave of excitation / impulses ; A electrical (im)pulses

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(a) caused by pathogen, transmissible / communicable / contagious / transferable / passed from

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(a) interphase / S phase / synthesis phase ; R G1/G2 unqualified by interphase

(b) (i) hydrogen ;

(ii) M = adenine and O = cytosine ;

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

Paper 2 (AS Structured Questions), maximum raw mark 60

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(a) plant cell because presence of

one function of organelle

all 3 for one mark

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(i) right, atrium/auricle and left ventricle ; correctly labelled

(ora for left atrium)

lower, concentration/partial pressure/AW, of, oxygen ; R no oxygen

(c) accept ora where relevant

explain (why blood flows from aorta to pulmonary artery)

2 marks for correct answer

max 1 mark for correct calculation but, no/incorrect, answer

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(b) R greater wealth unless linked to points below

more educated population ; in context of health

anti HIV drug therapy/AW ;

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

A enables antimicrobial action/AW

provides active site ;

(c) altered, (mRNA) codon(s)/triplet(s) ;

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(a) one mark for each correct row ; ; ; ;

(b) goblet cells to max 3

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(a) Galalapagos hawk

animals in correct boxes ;

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

Paper 2 (AS Structured Questions), maximum raw mark 60

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(i) protein/polypeptide, synthesis/AW ;

(ii) ignore refs to magnification

award one mark if answer is given to one or more decimal places or

Mark Scheme: Teachers version

(a) semilunar valve ;

prevents backflow (of blood) ;