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RM Bridge V8i
October 2010
RM Bridge
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Contents
1
Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2
1.3
2.2
2.3
2.4
Introduction.......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.6
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II
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1-1
1 General
1.1 Introduction
This document was prepared with the intention to demonstrate the procedures and
principles implemented in RM for the analysis and the design of composite bridge
structures. A simple example of a composite two-span beam will be used for this purpose.
The present document is based on the assumption that the reader has a basic understanding
of the software. Only input procedures specific for the purpose of explaining the input of
composite structures will be explained in detail.
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E2 A2
1-2
E1 A1
part3 = composite
beam (= parts 1+2)
E A E2 A2
A3 1 1
ER
Figure 1. Composite beam consisting of three cross-section parts.
1.3 Example
Consider the two-span continuous beam documented in Figure 2. Structural system for the
given example. It will be assumed that the steel I-girder is erected in a first construction
step. Self weight of the steel girder and the weight of the wet concrete slab are applied on
the steel girder. Once the concrete has hardened composite action can be activated. An
additional dead load of 5kN/m is then applied on the resulting composite system to finalise
the construction stages. All permanent loads up to this stage will be accumulated in load
case LC1000. Additionally, a simple traffic load of a centrally positioned concentrated load
will be applied. The traffic load is not intended to be in accordance with the AASHTO
code. Results for the traffic loading will be stored in a superposition file called Traffic.sup.
The node and element numbering scheme for this example is given in Table 1.
2.4m
0.5m
0.4m
30mm
20mm
0.8m
100mm
15m
15m
0.7m
cross-section
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Bentley Systems
Component
Element #
Node #
Steel I-beam
101-130
101
Concrete slab
201-230
101
Composite beam
301-330
101
Support springs
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2 Input Modeler
2.1 Axis Definition
No specific requirements exist for the definition of the axis for the given
structure. The usual procedures to define a straight axis of 30m length in
plan and elevation view can be performed. The axis will be stored under
the name axis1.
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After pressing the assign element to active part button shown on the left,
individual elements can be assigned to the active part. The active part is
displayed in the small parts window at the bottom of the screen and should be
2 in the present situation. Clicking into an element changes the part number
to the active part number.
All elements of
the concrete
slab should now
be assigned to
part 2 by
clicking near
the position of
the part
number. It is
assigned to part
2 when there is
a 2 in the
middle of the
element.
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csig_top
csig_mid
csig_bot
ssig_top
ssig_bot
2-6
The
icon can be used to define the desired
reference points. The connection point should
be defined at the bottom of the cross-section in
the centre of the steel flange. The stress points
should be placed on the bottom and top of parts
1 and 2 respectively and should be called
csig_top, csig_mid, csig_bot, ssig_top and
ssig_bot as shown in the picture beside. When
placing a stress point, make sure that the correct
Ref. set is active and displayed at the bottom of
the screen, and the correct part is active and
displayed at the bottom of the screen. Ssig is
for steel stress check points (part 1), and csig is
concrete stress check points (part 2).
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Use the following input values to define the three spring-0 elements:
2.4 Export to RM
This concludes the definition of the composite structural system using the
Modeler. The system is now complete and available for export to RM.
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3 Input RM
3.1 Introduction
Upon entering RM the structural system is displayed in the default view setting as shown in
Figure 3 a. After recalculating with a cross-section calculation and structure check, the
cross-section properties have been computed and the system can be displayed as shown in
Figure 3 b and c depending on the visualisation settings.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 3. Structural system before and after recalc after export from GP.
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length within this element is stored and can be accessed during post-processing. During
result superposition, results for these elements are added together as for the other structural
elements in the system, ensuring that the true minimum and maximum values for the shear
force are computed. For the present example spring elements 10101 to 10130 need to be
defined.
M1
M2
#207
Nc,1
Ns,1
Nc,2
#107
Ns,2
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stage 2:
stage 3:
3.5 Post-Processing
The existing example can now be calculated (Recalc). If no error messages or warnings
appear the calculation run has been successful and results are available for post-processing.
Depending on the particular situation it is necessary to obtain results either for the complete
composite section or for each part. In all post-processing situations within RM options can
be selected to facilitate the choice of result type. Options are usually named normal, joined,
split or joined/split. These options are only available for normal forces and bending
moments and have the following meaning:
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element selection:
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result file selection
3-9
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stage 4:
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Computation of the structural response using linear elastic theory and the full
composite cross-sections. Based on these results, redistribution of results can be
computed for each cross-section based on material properties.
Modelling of the full composite structure and definition of the applicable material
properties for each of the components used. The material non-linearities can then be
taken into account when computing the structural response.
For this training example, the first option will be demonstrated. After redistribution of the
forces for the composite section, forces must be the same as before this operation whereas
the stress distribution in the individual components of the cross-section will be different.
While this method is elegant because it can be performed on a complete composite system
and can be based on a linear-elastic analysis it has a number of draw-backs that must be
carefully considered when applying this procedure:
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stage 5
Redistribution, no
tensil force
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