(REVISED DRAFT)

Guidelines for
Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

(Ministry of Environment & Forests)
Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar

DELHI -110 032

website: www.cpcb.nic.in

February 26, 2014

i

CONTENT
S.
No.

Description

Page
Number

1
2
3

Introduction
Applicability of the Guidelines
Environmental Laws Applicable for Establishment of a
Common Bio-medical waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF)
Location
Land Requirement
Coverage Area of CBWTF
Treatment Equipment
Infrastructure set up
Record Keeping
Collection and Transportation of Bio-medical Waste
Disposal of Solid Waste
Cost to be Charged by the CBWTF Operator from the
HealthCare Units
Setting up and Operation of CBWTF
Check List for Development of CBWTF
Periodic Inspection/Monitoring or Performance Evaluation of
the CBWTFs
List of Annexures
Annexure -I : Design and Construction of Bio-medical
Waste Incinerator
Annexure -II: Format for maintaining the record by the
CBWTF Operator alongwith the vehicle used for collection of
the Bio-medical waste from the member HCFs
Annexure -III: Log Book for Operating the Incinerator and
Autoclave
Annexure -IV: Check list for Development of a CBWTF
Annexure -V: Check list for Performance Evaluation of the
CBWTF

1
2
2

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

ii

3
3
4
4
10
14
16
19
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20
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23
29

30
31
35

Abbreviations
BMW Rules
CBWTF
CO
CO2
CPCB
DG
EC
ETP
GPS
HCFs
HCl
HW (M, H & TM) Rules

MHz
MoEF
KM
KW
NOx
O2,
PCC
PLC
SPCB
TSDF

TOC
VOCs

Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules

Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Central Pollution Control Board
Diesel Generator
Environmental Clearance
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Global Positioning System
Health Care Facilities
Hydrochloric Acid
Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling &
Transboundary Movement) Rules
Mega Hertz
Ministry of Environment & Forests
Kilometer
Kilowatt
Oxides of Nitrogen
Oxygen
Pollution Control Committee
Programmable logical control
State Pollution Control Board
Treatment Storage and Disposal
Facility (Hazardous Waste)
Total Organic Carbon
Volatile Organic Compounds

iii

1)

INTRODUCTION:
A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is a set up where
biomedical waste, generated from a number of healthcare units, is imparted
necessary treatment to reduce adverse effects that this waste may pose. The
treated waste may finally be sent for disposal in a landfill or for recycling
purposes. Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare units
requires comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires separate
manpower and infrastructure development for proper operation and
maintenance of treatment systems. The concept of CBWTF not only addresses
such problems but also prevents proliferation of treatment equipment in a city. In
turn it reduces the monitoring pressure on regulatory agencies. By running the
treatment equipment at CBWTF to its full capacity, the cost of treatment of per
kilogram gets significantly reduced. Its considerable advantages have made
CBWTF popular and proven concept in many developed countries.
The common bio-medical treatment facilities are also required to set up
based on the need for ensuring environmentally sound management of
bio-medical waste keeping in view the techno-economic feasibility and
viable operation of the facility with minimal impacts on human health and
environment.
CBWTF as an option has also been legally introduced in India. The Bio-medical
Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, gives an option to the Bio-medical
Waste generator that such waste can also be treated at the common bio-medical
waste treatment facility. The Second Amendment of the Rules in June, 2000,
further eased the bottleneck in upbringing the CBWTF by making Local Authority
responsible for providing suitable site within its jurisdiction.
The concept of CBWTF is also being widely accepted in India among the
healthcare units, medical associations and entrepreneurs. In order to set up a
CBWTF to its maximum perfection, care shall be taken in choosing the right
technology, development of CBWTF area, proper designing of transportation
system to achieve optimum results etc. These key features of CBWTF have been
addressed in the following sections and will form the guidelines for the
establishment of CBWTFs throughout the country.

2)

APPLICABILITY OF THE GUIDELINES:

These guidelines are applicable to all the upcoming CBWTFs. In case of the
existing CBWTFs, these guidelines shall be applicable as and when the existing
CBWTFs desires to expand the treatment capacity of the existing CBWTF or
desires to replace the existing treatment equipment with that of the new
equipment or existing plant completed 12 years of life from the date of
commissioning and requires installation of new treatment equipment.

3)

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS APPLICABLE FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF A CBWTF:

Prior to allowing any new facility, the regulatory authority is required to

conduct inventory with regard to the bio-medical waste generation, as well
as existing bio-medical waste treatment capacities. In case found, additional
treatment capacity is required for a particular locality, in such a case action
may be initiated by the prescribed authority for allowing additional
treatment capacity in the form of a new CBWTF in the particular locality
without interfering the coverage area of the existing CBWTF in that locality
as per these guidelines.
Operation of Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities leads to air
emissions and waste water generation as in case of an industrial operation.
Most common sources of waste water generation in CBWTFs are vehicle
washing, floor washing, scrubbed liquid effluent from air pollution control
systems attached with the incinerator. Incineration as well as DG Set are the
general source of air emissions.
The CBWTF operator is required to obtain Consent to Establishment under
Rule 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and
under Rule 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,
from the respective prescribed authority i.e. State Pollution Control Board
(SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee (PCC). Upon installation of the
requisite equipment, the CBWTF Operator is also required to obtain
authorization as required under Rule 8 of the BMW Rules, 1998 from the
SPCB/PCC prior to commencement of the CBWTF.

4)

Also, the CBWTF operator is required to obtain Environmental Clearance

(EC) from the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) in compliance to
the Honble National Green Tribunals order dated 28.11.2013.
LOCATION:
The CBWTF shall be located as near to its area of operation as possible in order
to minimize the travel distance in waste collection, thus enhancing its operational
flexibility as well as for ensuring compliance to the time limit stipulated under the
BMW Rules and also the location should confirming to the CRZ Norms and
other provisions notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The
location shall be decided in consultation with the State Pollution Control Board
(SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee (PCC). Suggested location criteria for
development of a CBWTF are as follows:

5)

(i)

A CBWTF shall be located at a place reasonably far away from residential

and sensitive area so that it has minimal impact on these areas (or)

(ii)

The CBWTF shall be developed in an industrial area of the locality (or)

(ii)

All the upcoming CBWTFs shall be located at least at a distance of

1 KM away from the surface water body and or 10 KM away from the
human habitation and or in consultation with the SPCB/PCC (or)

(iii)

In case, in any locality or a State/UT, hazardous waste treatment storage

and disposal facility (TSDF) exists, Common bio-medical waste treatment
facility shall be developed as an integral part of such TSDF subject to
obtaining of necessary approvals or clearances as required under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 from the concerned regulatory
authorities.

LAND REQUIREMENT:
Sufficient land shall be allocated for CBWTF to provide all requisite systems
which include space for storage, waste treatment facilities, ETP, vehicle
washing and parking space. It is felt that a CBWTF will require minimum of 1
acre land area. So, preferably, a CBWTF be set up on a plot size of not less than
one acre in all the areas except in metropolitan cities like Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata,
Mumbai and in hilly areas. Considering the availability of land constraint,
however, relaxation in this regard shall be examined and approved given by the
concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) /Pollution Control Committee
(PCC) only in concurrence from CPCB in case of the metropolitan cities like Delhi,
3

Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and in hilly areas with a justification. but in any
case, area of land for development of a CBWTF shall not be less than one acre
land in the said metropolitan cities or hilly areas.
However, In case of
upcoming CBWTFs in any locality, the facility should be developed
confirming to these guidelines in an area not less than 2 acres of land. A
facility cannot be set up in two or more different plots even if they are
located in close vicinity. However, separate plots can be permitted only for
vehicle parking if located in close vicinity.
6)

COVERAGE AREA OF CBWTF:

Suggested coverage area of development of a CBWTF is as follows:

7)

(i)

Considering the economic viability and feasibility and to have minimal

impacts on the environment, in any area, only one CBWTF may be allowed
to cater up to 10,000 beds at the approved rate by the Prescribed
Authority.

(ii)

A CBWTF shall not be allowed to cater healthcare units situated beyond a

radius of 150 km. However, in an area where 10,000 beds are not available
within a radius of 150 KM, existing CBWTF in the locality may be allowed
to cater the healthcare units situated outside the said 150 KM, provided if
there is no any facility in the next 150 KM region.

(iii)

In case, number of beds is exceeding more than 10,000 in a locality, in

such a case, one more CBWTF may be allowed in such the same locality to
cater services only to such additional bed strength in HCFs. In such a case,
area of influence shall be prescribed by the SPCB/PCC.

(iv)

In case of North-Eastern States/Hilly States, considering the geography,

only one CBWTF with adequate treatment capacities may be developed in
each district so as to cater services to the HCFs located in the respective
District.

TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
As per the provisions of Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules,
waste falling in most of the categories can be treated in systems based on nonburn technologies. Such waste account for about 90% of the total waste streams
4

in a healthcare unit. The only option specified for disposal of category 1 & 2
waste is by incineration/deep burial (depending upon the population of town) to
anatomical and other types of waste falling under categories 1 and 2. Therefore,
an incinerator of adequate capacity to cater categories 1 and 2 waste shall be
installed. (If secured landfill is not available, category 5 bio-medical waste may
also be incinerated.). The wastes falling under category 5 i.e. discarded medicines,
cytotoxic drugs and category 10 i.e. chemical wastes (solids) can also be disposed
in a secured landfill. A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF)
shall have following treatment facilities:

(i)

Incineration:
It is a controlled combustion process where waste is completely oxidized
and harmful microorganisms present in it are destroyed/denatured under
high temperature. The guidelines for "Design & Construction of Biomedical Waste Incinerators" (Annexure I) prepared by CPCB shall be
followed for selecting/installing a better bio-medical waste incinerator. The
incinerator should be fitted with separate energy meter for recording
total energy consumed for operation of the incinerator.

(ii)

Plasma Pyrolysis:
Alternate to incinerator, Plasma Pyrolysis treatment technology can
be installed for disposal of bio-medical waste categories 1, 2, 5 & 06
wherein destruction of bio-medical waste similar to incineration can
be achieved. In case of plasma pyrolysis, waste is treated at high
temperature under controlled condition to form gases like methane,
hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are subjected to combustion
(oxidation) in secondary chamber. In the plasma pyrolysis process
waste is converted into small clinker which can be disposed in secured
landfills.

(iii)

Autoclaving/ Microwaving / Hydroclaving:

(a)

Autoclaving is a low-heat thermal process where steam is brought

into direct contact with waste in a controlled manner and for
sufficient duration to disinfect the wastes as stipulated under the
Bio-medical Waste ( Management & Handling) Rules. For ease and
safety in operation, the system should be horizontal type and
5

exclusively designed for the treatment of bio-medical waste. For

optimum results, pre-vacuum based system be preferred against
the gravity type system. It shall have tamper-proof control panel
with efficient display and recording devices for recording critical
parameters such as time, temperature, pressure, date and batch
number etc. as required under the BMW Rules.

(b)

In microwaving, microbial inactivation occurs as a result of the

thermal effect of electromagnetic radiation spectrum lying between
the frequencies 300 and 300,000 MHz. Microwave heating is an
inter-molecular heating process. The heating occurs inside the
waste material in the presence of steam.

(c) Hydroclaving is similar to that of autoclaving except that the waste is

subjected to indirect heating by applying steam in the outer jacket. The
waste is continuously tumbled in the chamber during the process.

Note:

(i) Autoclaving/ Microwaving / Hydroclaving/shredder should

be fitted with separate energy meter for recording total
energy consumed for operation of these equipment.
(ii) In the event of any operational problem in the primary
incinerator/autoclave, to ensure bio-medical waste is
treated within the time limit as stipulated under the BMW
Rules, each facility should also be provided with stand by

incinerator as well as autoclave.

(iv)

Chemical disinfection: Though chemical disinfection as stipulated under

the BMW Rules is also an option for treatment of certain categories of biomedical waste but looking at the volume of waste to be disinfected at the
CBWTF and the pollution load associated with the use of disinfectants, the
use of chemical disinfection for treatment of bio-medical waste at CBWTF
is not recommended.

(v)

Shredder: Shredding is a process by which waste are de-shaped or cut

into smaller pieces so as to make the wastes unrecognizable. It helps in
prevention of reuse of bio-medical waste and also acts as identifier that
6

the wastes have been disinfected and are safe to dispose off. A shredder
to be used for shredding bio-medical waste shall confirm to the following
minimum requirements:

(a)

The shredder for bio-medical waste shall be of robust design with

minimum maintenance requirement.

(b)

The shredder should be properly designed and covered to avoid

spillage and dust generation. It should be designed such that it has
minimum manual handling.

(c)

The hopper and cutting chamber of the shredder should be so

designed to accommodate the waste bag full of bio-medical waste.

(d)

The shredder blade should be highly resistant and should be able

to shred waste sharps, syringes, scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics,
catheters, broken ampoules, intravenous sets/ bottles, blood bags,
gloves, bandages etc. It should be able to handle/ shred wet waste,
especially after microwave/ autoclave/hydroclave.

(e)

The shredder blade shall be of non-corrosive and hardened steel.

(f)

The shredder should be so designed and mounted so as not to

generate high noise & vibration.

(g)

If hopper lid or door of collection box is opened, the shredder

should stop automatically for safety of operator.

(h)

]In case of shock-loading (non-shreddable material in the hopper),

there should be a mechanism to automatically stop the shredder to
avoid any emergency/accident.

(i)

In case of overload or jamming, the shredder should have

mechanism of reverse motion of shaft to avoid any
emergency/accident.

(j)

The motor shall be connected to the shredder shaft through a gear

mechanism, to ensure low rpm and safety.
7

(vi)

(k)

The unit shall be suitably designed for operator safety, mechanical

as well as electrical.

(l)

The shredder should have low rotational speed (maximum 50 rpm).

This will ensure better gripping and cutting of the bio-medical
waste.

(m)

The discharge height (from discharge point to ground level) shall be

sufficient (minimum 3 feet) to accommodate the containers for
collection of shredded material. This would avoid spillage of
shredded material.

(n)

The minimum capacity of the motor attached with the shredder

shall be 3 KW for 50 Kg/hr, 5 KW for 100 kg/hr & 7.5 KW for
200 Kg/hr and shall be three phase induction motor. This will
ensure efficient cutting of the bio-medical wastes as prescribed in
the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules.

(o)

The shredder also should be fitted with separate energy meter for
recording total energy consumed for operation of these equipment.

Sharp pit/ Encapsulation:

A sharp pit or a facility for sharp encapsulation shall be provided for
treated sharps. An option may also be worked out for recovery of metal
from treated and shredded waste sharps within the CBWTF or in a
foundry or a factory located near by, as per the conditions imposed in
authorization granted under BMW Rules by the State Pollution Control
Board/Pollution Control Committee.

(vii)

Deep burial:
Deep burial of bio-medical waste as a part of CBWTF should not be
allowed be discouraged as far as possible. However, deep burial option
for disposal of bio-medical waste shall be allowed as a part of the
CBWTF only in hilly areas or north eastern States provided there is
no CBWTF.
8

(viii) Non-burn technology:

Non-incineration technologies for disposal of bio-medical waste are
adopted in some of the developed countries. Non-incineration
technology comprises of shredding and disinfection by
autoclaving/microwaving or chemical treatment. The treated waste
can be disposed along with municipal solid waste in sanitary landfills.
Such option can also be adopted in places where the sanitary landfill
or waste to energy plant for disposal of municipal solid waste is
available. Such technology is permitted only after prior approval of
CPCB and after obtaining authorization under the BMW Rules from
the respective SPCB/PCC for the purpose of carrying out trial runs for
assessment of efficacy of the treatment equipment.

Note:
(i)

(ix)

If any CBWTF desires to adopt any other technology other

than referred under BMW Rules, may adopt new technology
only with the prior approval from CPCB/MoEF and is required
to obtain authorization under the BMW Rules for carrying out
trial run for assessment of efficacy of the technology.

Vehicle/Containers Washing Facility:

Every time a vehicle is unloaded, the vehicle and empty waste containers
shall be washed properly and disinfected. It can be carried out in an open
area but on an impermeable surface and liquid effluent so generated shall
be conveyed collected and treated in an effluent treatment plant. The
impermeable area shall be of appropriate size so as to avoid spillage of
liquid during washing.

(x)

Effluent Treatment Plant :

A suitable Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) shall be installed to ensure that
liquid effluent generated during the process of washing containers,
vehicles, floors etc. is treated and reused disposed after treatment. ETP
should have required treatment unit operations comprising at least
collection tank, O & G trap, chemical dosing, co-agulation chamber,
9

primary settling tank, biological treatment process, secondary settling

tank, pressure filter and activated carbon filter so as to comply with
the regulatory discharge standards stipulated under the Bio-medical
Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 and amendments made
thereof. ETP should also be fitted with separate energy meter so as to
know total consumption of electricity for operation of the machinery
attached with the ETP. ETP also be fitted with pH meter so as to know pH
level of treated water as well as pH level of treated water used for the
purpose of recycling in APCD attached with the incinerator or any utility
within the CBWTF. ETP also be fitted with magnetic flow meter at the
outlet to know the total wastewater treated for further end use or
discharge in compliance to the BMW Rules. ETP should also be
connected with a provision of press filter or sludge drying bed for
drying the sludge generated from the ETP and after drying, same
need to be disposed off in an environmentally sound manner
depending upon the hazardous constituents present in it. Proper
treatment of waste water shall be ensured in case of zero discharge
by recycling of treated wastewater for scrubbing.
(8)

INFRASTRUCTURE SET UP:

The CBWTF shall have enough space within it to install required treatment
equipment, untreated and treated waste storage area, vehicle-parking, vehicle
and containers washing area, Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), administration room
or staff room etc. The required area for CBWTF would depend upon the projected
amount of bio-medical waste to be handled by it. A CBWTF shall have the
following infrastructure:
(i)

Treatment Equipment Room:

A separate housing may be provided for each treatment equipment at the
CBWTF such as incinerator room, autoclave room, microwave room etc, as
applicable. Each room shall have well-designed roof and walls. Such room
shall be well ventilated and easy to wash. The floor and interior finishing of
the room shall be such that chances of sticking/harbouring of
microorganisms are minimized. This can be attained by providing smooth
& fine floor and wall surfaces (to a height of 2 metre from floor) preferably
of tiles. The number of joints in such surfaces shall be minimal. The
equipment room shall also have a separate cabin, to supervise the
10

operation of the equipment and to record the waste handling and

equipment operational data attached to each equipment room. There shall
be two waste storage rooms, one for storage of untreated wastes and
another for treated wastes. The storage room shall have provisions similar
to that of equipment room being well-ventilated with easy to wash floors
& walls, smooth and fine surfaces etc. All the treatment equipment rooms
and waste storage rooms should be provided with fly catcher/killing
device.

(ii)

Main Waste Storage Space:

Separate space shall be provided near the entry point of the CBWTF to
unload and store all biomedical wastes that have been transported to the
facility by vehicle. The size of the room shall be adequate to store all
wastes transported to the CBWTF. The front portion of the room shall be
utilized for unloading the wastes from the vehicle and back or side portion
shall be utilized for shifting the wastes to the respective treatment
equipment. In the front of the room where vehicle is parked for unloading,
the floor shall be made impermeable so that any liquid spilled during
unloading does not percolate into the ground. The liquid generated
during handling of wastes and washing, shall be diverted to the inlet of
ETP. In the main storage room, wastes shall be stacked with clear
distinction as per the color coding of the containers by providing
partitions. From here, the colored containers may be sent to the respective
treatment equipment by using suitable closed type of conveyance ( trolley
etc.,) . The main storage room too shall have provisions similar to that of
equipment room such as roofing, well ventilated, easy to wash floors &
walls, smooth and fine surfaces etc.

(iii)

Treated Waste Storage room:

Separate space should be provided to store the wastes treated in
different treatment units shall be stored. The wastes shall be stored in
separate group as per the disposal options. Other provisions in the room
shall be similar to the main storage room. Waste such as incineration ash
generated in the process of incineration shall be stored in a separate area
under the shed so as to avoid entry of rain water during the monsoon and
for easy collection and in case, incineration ash is hazardous waste in
11

nature same should be disposed through any authorized TSDF operator

located nearby following the manifest as per Hazardous Waste
(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 as
amended,.
(Iv)

Administrative Room:
This room shall be utilized for general administration, record keeping,
billing etc.

(iv)

Generator Set:
Every CBWTF shall have generator set as standby arrangement for power,
with sufficient capacity to run the treatment equipment during the failure
of power supply. The generator set shall comply with the necessary
requirements as per DG Set norms notified under the Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986.

(v)

Online monitoring provision:

Online monitoring provision for continuous monitoring of the incinerator
stack emissions especially for flue gas parameters such as CO 2, O2, CO as
stipulated under CPCB guidelines and records maintained.

(vi)

Site Security:
High walls, fencing and guarded gates shall be provided at the facility to
prevent unauthorized access to the site by humans and livestock.

(vii)

Vehicle Parking:
Provision for parking shall be made within the confines of the site for
parking of required number of vehicles, loading and unloading of the
vehicles meant for transporting waste to and from the facility, etc.. In case
of a CBWTF with space constraints, multy-story parking or a separate
provision may be allowed only for parking of vehicles.

(viii)

Surveillance cameras (CCTV):

12

Surveillance cameras (CCTV) should be provided in the vulnerable

location of the facilities (Waste storage, waste feeding, PLC attached
with the treatment equipment ( incinerator and autoclave).
(ix)

Sign Board:
An identification board of durable material and finish shall be displayed at
the entrance to the facility. This shall clearly display the name of the
facility, the name, address and telephone number of the operator and the
prescribed authority, the hours of operation and the telephone numbers of
the personnel to be contacted in the event of an emergency.

(x)

Green Belt:
The open area within the CBWTF shall be developed into greenbelt.

(xi)

Washing Room:
A washing room shall be provided for eye washing/hand washing/ bathing
etc.

(xi)

Fire safety:
Fire safety equipment such as sand buckets and fire extinguishers should
be provided at all the salient points of the CBWTF including at the diesel
storage areas, diesel tanks connected with the incinerator etc. Fire alarm
also should be provided within the CBWTF to prompt the workers in the
event any fire hazard.

Besides above, following important provisions should also be made in a CBWTF:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

A telephone shall be provided and maintained at the facility.

A First Aid Box shall be provided and maintained at the CBWTF.
Proper lighting shall be provided at the facility.
Proper care shall be taken to keep the facility and surroundings free from
odours.
Proper fire fighting facilities and emergency alarm shall be installed.
Measures shall be implemented to control pests and insects at the site.
13

(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)

Measures shall be implemented to control the escape of litter from the

site.
Necessary provision shall be made to prevent and control noise generated,
if any, due to the activities at the site.
Necessary protective gear for the waste handlers shall be provided.
Immunization to all the workers of CBWTF.

Every CBWTF operator shall submit a work-plan to the Prescribed Authority. The
work-plan should include the details of facilities at the CBWTF, the collection,
transportation & storage of the bio-medical wastes, operational details etc.

(9)

RECORD KEEPING:
Maintenance of records for all operations carried out at the CBWTF is very
important to monitor overall operation of the CBWTF. It also helps in submission
of the required information to be submitted to the Prescribed Authority
by 31 st January of every year. A well-maintained record of all the activities at the
CBWTF also enables the facility operator to produce all information of the
activities on demand of the concerned Authority. The record should include all
information related to each activity at the CBWTF site, however, minimum
requirement has been outlined below:
(i)

Records of Waste Movements: Daily records shall be maintained for the

waste accepted and treated waste removed from the site. This record shall
include the following minimum details:
(a)

Waste Accepted: - Records on day-to-day basis (as per the

format given at Annexure-II) shall be maintained with respect
to the waste collection date, name of the healthcare unit with bar
cade, waste category as per BMW Rules, category-wise quantity
of waste accepted, vehicle registration number used for
collection of bio-medical waste from member health care
facilities, time at which waste collected from member HCFs, name
of the vehicle driver and his signature and waste receiving date
& time (at CBWTF site). Similar information to be acknowledged
14

to the member health care facility by the CBWTF operator on

daily basis.
(b)

Treated Waste Removed:- Date, treated waste type, Quantity,

vehicle number and location of disposal .

(ii)

Logbook for the Treatment Equipment: A logbook shall be maintained

(as per the format given at Annexure-II) for each treatment equipment
installed at the site and shall include the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

The weight of each batch.

The categories of waste as per the Rules.
The time, date and duration of each treatment cycle and total hours
of operations.
The complete details of all operational parameters during each
cycle.

Log book to be maintained for operating the incinerator as well as the

autoclave as per the formats given at Annexure III.
(iii)

Monitoring and reporting of operations in the CBWTF: The monitoring

of the key operating parameters of treatment equipment provides several
benefits. First, monitoring provides the operator with information needed
to make decisions on necessary combustion control adjustments. Second,
properly maintained monitoring records can provide useful information for
identifying operating trends and potential maintenance problems.
Following are the suggested parameters for monitoring of the treatment
equipment
(a)

Monitoring of operating parameters of the incinerator:

Following operating parameters can be monitored in case of
incinerator:

Charge rate.
Combustion gas temperature in primary and secondary
chamber.
Condition of the draft.
Combustion gas oxygen level.
Air flow rate through the incinerator.
15

(b)

Carbon-Di-Oxide (CO2), Oxygen (O2 ) and Carbon monoxide

(CO ) level in the flue gas.
Quantity of auxiliary fuel usage.
Pressure drop in the venturi scrubber and
Ash quality (for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) or
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) at least once in a quarter).

Monitoring of operating parameters of the Autoclave: Following

operating parameters can be monitored during the sterilization
using autoclave:

Time at which sterilization started and time at which

sterilization completed.
Temperature conditions maintained through the sterilization
Conditions of pressure maintained through the sterilization
Duration of sterilization
Validation test results

Records concerning the above parameters need to be maintained and

checked periodically for taking remedial measures during the operation of
the incinerator or autoclave. The monitoring results of the stack gases and
the validation test results are required to be submitted to SPCB/PCC at
least once in a quarter.
(iv)

Site Records:
Site records shall include the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Details of construction or engineering works;

Maintenance schedule, breakdowns/trouble shootings and remedial
actions;
Emergencies;
Incidents of unacceptable waste received and the action taken; and
Details of site inspections by the officials of the regulatory Agency
and necessary action on the observations.

Daily, monthly and annual summary records of all the above shall be
maintained and made available at the site for inspection and same

16

submitted whenever required by an authorized officer of regulatory

Agency.

(10)

COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE:

The collection and transportation of bio-medical waste shall be carried out in a
manner so as to avoid any possible hazard to human health and environment.
Collection and transportation are the two operations where the chances of
segregated bio-medical waste coming in contact with the public, rag pickers,
animals/birds, etc are high. Therefore, all care shall be taken to ensure that the
segregated bio-medical waste, handed over by the healthcare units, reach CBWTF
without any damage, spillage or unauthorized access by public, animals etc. A
responsible person from the CBWTF operator shall always accompany the vehicle
to supervise the collection and transportation of bio-medical waste.
(i)

Collection of bio-medical waste:

Generator of the bio-medical waste is responsible for providing
segregated waste in accordance with the provisions of the Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1988, to the CBWTF
operator. The CBWTF operator shall not accept the non-segregated waste
and such incident shall be reported to the Prescribed Authority once in a
quarter. Temporary storage at healthcare unit shall be designated. The
coloured bags handed over by the healthcare units shall be collected in
similar coloured containers with cover. Each bag shall be labeled as per
Schedule III & IV of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, so that at any time, the healthcare units can be traced back that are
not segregating the bio-medical wastes as per the Rules. The coloured
containers should be strong enough to withstand any possible damage
that may occur during loading, transportation or unloading of such
containers. These containers shall also be labeled as per the Schedule III of
the Rules. Sharps shall be collected in puncture resistant container. The
person responsible for collection of bio-medical wastes shall also carry a
register with him to maintain the records such as name of the healthcare
unit, the type and quantity of waste received, time at which collected from
the member HCF, signature of the authorised person from the healthcare
unit etc. Bar coding system may be adopted to identify and
maintaining records.
17

(ii)

Transportation of the collected bio-medical waste to the CBWTF:

All the vehicles used by the CBWTF operator shall not be subletted/
contract vehicles should not be used by the CBWTF operator and all the
vehicles should be owned by the CBWTF operator and the vehicle
numbers should also be registered with the respective SPCB/PCC for the
purpose of collection of bio-medical waste from the member health care
facilities.
The bio-medical waste collected in coloured containers shall be
transported to the CBWTF in a fully covered vehicle. Such vehicle shall be
dedicated for transportation of bio-medical waste only. Depending upon
the volume of the wastes to be transported, the vehicle may be a threewheeler, light motor vehicle or heavy duty vehicle. In either case, the
vehicle must posses the following:
(a)

Vehicle shall be fitted with GPS to track the movement of the

vehicle.

(b)

Separate cabins shall be provided for driver/staff and the biomedical waste containers.

(c)

The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof to avoid pilferage of
liquid during transportation.

(d)

The waste cabin may be designed for storing waste containers in

tiers and also should be provided with a lighting provision.

(e)

The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and

disinfect.

(f)

The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth

surface to minimize water retention.

(g)

The waste cabin shall have provisions for sufficient openings in the
rear and/or sides so that waste containers can be easily loaded and
unloaded.
18

(h)

The vehicle shall be labeled with the bio-medical waste symbol (as
per the Schedule III of the Rules) and should display the name,
address and telephone number of the CBWTF.

(i)

The vehicle driver should carry always valid registration of the

vehicle obtained from the concerned transport authority and also
carry valid pollution under control certificate issued by the
authorized certificate issuing agency.

Depending upon the area to be covered under the CBWTF, the route of
transportation shall be worked out. The transportation routes of the vehicle shall
be designed for optimum travel distance and to cover maximum number of
healthcare units. As far as possible, the transportation shall be carried out during
non-peak traffic hours. If the area to be covered is very large, a satellite station
may be established to store the bio-medical waste collected from the adjoining
areas. The wastes so stored at satellite station may then be transported to the
CBWTF in a big vehicle. It shall be ensured that the total time taken from
generation of bio-medical waste to its treatment, which also includes collection
and transportation time, shall not exceed 48 hours.
(11)

DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

Incineration ash, treated waste sharps, plastic waste, glass waste and sludge
from effluent treatment plant are generally generated from the CBWTF
from the treatment systems such as incineration, autoclaving/microwaving,
effluent treatment plant respectively. The treated bio-medical waste shall be
disposed as per the options suggested below
Sl.
No.
1.

Waste Category

Suggested Disposal Options

Plastic wastes after

disinfection and shredding

2.

Sale to plastic waste recycler permitted by

the SPCBs/PCCs for Recycling or
municipal sanitary landfill
Disinfected
Sharps (i) If encapsulated, disposal in Municipal
(including needles and Sanitary Landfill shall be explored
except syringes)
(ii) If non-encapsulated Municipal landfill/

3.

Incineration ash

Other treated solid wastes

Possibility of recycling shall be explored

Secured landfill/ nearby HW TSDF
depending on test report
Municipal Sanitary Landfill
19

5.
6.
(12)

Oil & Grease

Treated waste water

Incineration
Sewer/drain or recycling/reuse

COST TO BE CHARGED BY THE CBWTF OPERATOR FROM THE HEALTHCARE

UNITS:
Cost to be charged from the healthcare units plays an important role in
sustaining the project. The cost shall be so worked out that neither it becomes a
monopoly of the CBWTF operator nor the interest of the CBWTF operator is
overlooked. It is recommended that cost to be charged from the healthcare units
shall be worked out in consultation with the concerned State Pollution Control
Board (SPCB)/Pollution Control Committee (PCC) and the local Medical
Association, keeping in view the following options:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Fixed charges in case of the nursing homes/clinics/Sample Collection

Centres/Dental Centres;
Fixed charges per bed basis to the low bed strength hospitals (upto 30
beds)
Charges based on the weight basis;
Charges to the hospitals having 30 or more beds.

Note: Rates are required to be revised once in two years considering the
escalation in input costs such as diesel prices, electricity etc.,

(13)

SETTING UP AND OPERATION OF CBWTF

Setting up and operating a CBWTF requires compliance with a number of
regulatory requirements/provisions. The important requirements/provisions are
listed below:
(i)

Municipal Corporations, Municipal Body or Urban Local Bodies/State

Government, as the case may be, shall be responsible for providing
suitable common disposal/incineration sites for the bio-medical waste
generated in the area under their jurisdiction and in areas outside the
jurisdiction of any municipal body, it shall be the responsibility of the
occupier generating bio-medical waste/operator of a biomedical waste
treatment facility to arrange for suitable sites individually or in association,
20

so as to comply with the provisions of these rules (Bio-medical Waste

(Management & Handling) Rules).
(ii)

The local body such as a Municipal Body or Urban Local Bodies/State

Government or any Private Entrepreneur, whoever wishes to set up a
CBWTF, shall submit a detailed work-plan of proposed CBWTF to the
concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/Pollution Control
Committee (PCC) for evaluation and issue of "Consent To Establish". The
work plan should include complete details of the project such as site
details, coverage area, infrastructure set up, transportation of bio-medical
waste, operating procedure etc.

(iii)

The Operator of a Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility

(CBWTF) is also required to obtain Environmental Clearance from
the MoEF in compliance to the Honble NGT Order dated 28.11.2013,
prior to obtaining of Consent to Establish from the respective
SPCB/PCC.

(iv)

The SPCB/PCC upon receipt of such work-plan shall, review the proposal
and "Consent to Establish" shall be issued to the proponent with the
required conditions, only after fulfilling the requisite requirements by
the proponent.

(v)

Once the proponent establishes the necessary infrastructure, the site and
the resources shall be inspected by the SPCB/PCC for the adequacy of the
facility/equipment. Upon satisfactory recommendation, the authorization
under the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, shall be
issued with necessary condition to the proponent.

(vi)

The SPCB/PCC shall ensure the operation of the CBWTF as per the
stipulated conditions and work-plan submitted by the proponent. The
SPCB/PCC shall also ensure regular inspection of the CBWTF.

(vii)

It is the duty of the healthcare units to hand over the segregated biomedical waste to the CBWTF operator as per the Bio-medical Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules as well as compatible with treatment
facilities at CBWTF as suggested by the operator. The CBWTF operator
shall list out daily such healthcare units that are not handing over the
21

segregated bio-medical waste and the same shall be communicated to the

SPCB/PCC every week. The SPCB/PCC shall take an immediate action
against the defaulter healthcare units of such violation.
(viii)

The CBWTF operator shall carry out following tests at least quarterly from
the approved laboratory and submit the quarterly report of the same to
the SPCB/PCC:
(a)

(b)
(c)
(d)

(14)

Stack Emission Monitoring Test of the incinerator for parameters

such as Particulate Matter, HCl, NOx, CO, CO2 , O2 and combustion
efficiency as required under the Bio-medical Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules.
Validation test of autoclave/microwave/hydroclave.
VOCs in incineration ash
The applicable parameters of any effluent being discharged from
the CBWTF.

CHECK LIST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CBWTF:

The criteria for development of CBWTF have been discussed in detail in the
previous sections. However, to have at a glance check in developing CBWTF,
checklist is reproduced for convenience and is annexed (Annexure-IV).

(15)

PERIODIC INSPECTION/MONITORING OR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF

THE CBWTF:
To have uniformity in performance evaluation of the CBWTF throughout the
country, a check list for performance evaluation of the CBWTF for carrying out
inspection/monitoring/compliance verification has been prepared and is annexed
(Annexure V). All the regulatory authority (SPCB/PCC) has to inspect the
CBWTFs at least once in six months located in the respective State/UT and a copy
of the reports are required to be submitted to the CPCB and MoEF along with a
copy of the action taken for ensuring compliance to the BMW Rules and CPCB
guidelines issued from time to time. Upon receipt of the inspection reports from
the SPCBs and PCCs, CPCB has to carryout random inspections within the next 3
months period.

22

-- OO --

23

Annexure I

Design and Construction of Bio-medical Waste Incinerator

1.

General
1.

2.
3.

2.

These guidelines shall be applicable only to the new installation of

incinerators. However, the existing incinerator shall be retrofitted with Air
Pollution Control Device as mentioned in these guidelines.
Incinerator shall be allowed only at Common Bio-medical Waste
Treatment Facility (CBWTF).
Installation of individual incineration facility by a healthcare unit shall be
discouraged as far as possible but approval may be granted only in certain
inevitable situations where no other option is available.

Incinerator
Following design criteria may be adopted for better performance:
i.

ii.

iii.

The incinerator shall be designed for capacity more than 50 kg/hr. For 50
kg/hr capacity, the minimum hearth area shall be 0.75 sq. m (8 sq. feet)
and the minimum flow of the flue gas in the secondary chamber shall be
0.6m3/sec at 1050C. Each incinerator must be installed with an air
pollution control system (as specified in the section 3).
The size of the opening through which the waste is charged shall be larger
than the size of the waste bag to be fed. The volume of the primary
chamber shall be at least five times the volume of one batch.
The double chamber incinerator shall preferably be designed on
"controlled-air" incineration principle, as particulate matter emission is low
in such incinerator. Minimum 100% excess air shall be used for overall
design. Air supply in the primary and secondary chamber shall be
regulated between 30%-80% and 170%-120%of stoichiometric amount
respectively. Primary air shall be admitted near / at the hearth for better
contact. Flow meter / suitable flow measurement device shall be provided
on the primary & secondary air ducting. The combustion air shall be
supplied through a separate forced draft fan after accounting for the air
supplied through burners. Optional: For higher capacity incinerators,
typically above 250 kg/hr, other design e.g. Rotary Kiln shall be
24

preferred, in case the total bio-medical waste treated in a batch (8

hour) is exceeding 2.5 Tons.
iv.

v.

vi.

vii.

viii.

ix.

x.

xi.

A minimum negative draft of 1.27 to 2.54 mm of WC (Water Column)

shall be maintained in the primary chamber to avoid leakage of gaseous
emissions from the chamber and for safety reasons. Provision shall be
made in the primary chamber to measure the Water Column pressure.
The waste shall be fed into the incinerator in small batches after the fixed
interval of time in case of fixed hearth incinerator and continuous charging
using appropriate feeding mechanism in case of rotary kiln incinerator or
as recommended by the manufacturer. The size of the hearth i.e. primary
chamber shall be designed properly.
The sides and the top portion of the primary and secondary chambers
shall preferably have rounded corner from inside to avoid possibility of
formation of black pockets/dead zones.
The size of the secondary chamber shall be properly designed so as to
facilitate a minimum of one second of residence time to gas flow. For the
estimation of residence time in the secondary chamber its volume shall be
calculated starting from the secondary burner tip to the thermocouple.
The refractory lining of the chamber shall be strong enough to sustain
minimum temperature of 1000 C in the primary chamber and 1200 C in
the secondary chamber. The refractory & insulation bricks shall have
minimum 115 mm thickness each & conform to IS:8-1983 & IS:2042-1972
respectively.
The Incinerator shell shall be made of mild steel plate of adequate
thickness (minimum 5 mm thick) & painted externally with heat resistant
aluminum paint suitable to withstand temperature of 250C with proper
surface preparation. Refractory lining of the hot duct shall be done with
refractory castable (minimum 45 mm thick) & insulating castable
(minimum 80 mm thick). Ceramic wool shall be used at hot duct flanges &
expansion joints.
The thermocouple location shall be as follows: In Primary chamber- Before
admission of secondary air In Secondary chamber - At the end of
secondary chamber or before admission of dilution medium to cool the
gas
There shall be a separate burner each for the Primary & Secondary
chamber. The heat input capacity of each burner shall be sufficient to raise
the temperature in the primary and secondary chambers as 80050C and
105050C respectively within maximum of 60 minutes prior to waste
charging. The burners shall have automatic switching "off/on" control to
25

avoid the fluctuations of temperatures beyond the required temperature

range.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Each burner shall be equipped with spark igniter and main burner.
Proper flame safeguard of the burner shall be installed.
Provide view ports to observe flame of the burner.
Flame of the primary burner

shall be pointing towards the centre of the hearth.

shall be having a length such that it touches the waste but
does not impinge directly on the refractory floor or wall.

The secondary burner shall be positioned in such a way that

the flue gas passes through the flame.
There shall not be any manual handling during charging of waste in to the
primary chamber of the incinerator. The waste shall be charged in bags
through automatic feeding device at the manufacturer's recommended
intervals ensuring no direct exposure of furnace atmosphere to the
operator. The device shall prevent leak age of the hot flue gas & any
backfire. The waste shall be introduced on the hearth in such a way so as
to prevent the heap formation. Suitable raking arrangement shall be
provided for uniform spreading of waste on the hearth.

xii.

xiii.

A tamper-proof PLC (Programmable Logic Control) based control system

shall be installed to prevent:
(a)

xiv.

xv.

Waste charging until the required temperature in the chambers are

attained during beginning of the operation of the incinerator.
(b)
Waste charging unless primary & secondary chambers are
maintained at the specified temperature range.
(c)
Waste charging in case of any unsafe conditions such as - very high
temperature in the primary & secondary chambers; failure of the
combustion air fan, ID fan, recirculation pump; low water pressure&
high temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of air pollution
control device.
The incineration system must have an emergency vent. The emergency
vent shall remain closed i.e it shall not emit flue gases during normal
operation of the incinerator.
Each incineration system shall have graphic or computer recording devices
which shall automatically and continuously monitor and record dates, time
26

of day, batch sequential number and operating parameters such as

temperatures in both the chambers. CO, CO2 , and O2 in gaseous emission

xvi.
xvii.

xviii.

3.

shall also be measured daily (at least hour at one minute interval).
The possibility of providing heat recovery system/heat exchanger with the
incinerator shall also be considered wherever possible.
Structural design of the chimney / stack shall be as per IS: 6533-1989. The
chimney/stack shall be lined from inside with minimum of 3 mm thick
natural hard rubber suitable for the duty conditions and shall also conform
to IS:4682 Part I-1968 to avoid corrosion due to oxygen and acids in the
flue gas.
The location and specification of porthole, platform ladder etc. shall be as
per the Emission Regulations, Part-3 (COINDS/20/1984-85), published
by CPCB.

Air Pollution Control Device

It is not possible to comply with the emission limit of 150 mg/Nm3 (corrected to
12% CO2) for Particulate Matter, without Air Pollution Control Device (APCD).
Therefore, a bio-medical waste incinerator shall always be equipped with APCD.
i.
ii.

iii.

No incinerator shall be allowed to operate unless equipped with APCD.

The incinerator shall be equipped with High Pressure Venturi Scrubber
System as ordinary APCD such as wet scrubber or cyclonic separator
cannot achieve the prescribed emission limit. For the facilities operating
for 24 hrs a day, APCD in terms of quenching followed by cyclone
separator, dry lime injection & activated carbon followed by bag filter can
be considered.
The details of High Pressure Venturi Scrubber System as given below:
(a)

(b)

(c)

The venturi scrubber shall have minimum pressure drop of 350 mm

WC to achieve the prescribed emission limit. The temperature of
the flue gas at the outlet of the venturi scrubber shall be approx.
70-80 C to ensure the saturation of the flue gas.
The venturi scrubber shall preferably be made of stainless steel 316L grade or better material or mild steel lined with acid resistant
bricks to avoid corrosion.
The water to be used in venturi scrubber shall be added with caustic
soda solution to maintain the pH of the scrubbing liquid above 6.5.
27

(d)

(e)
(f)

(g)

(h)

4.

Incinerator room and waste storage room

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

5.

The scrubbing medium shall be circulated @ 2-2.5 ltrs/m3 of

saturated flue gas at venturi outlet. This shall be done using a pump
& piping made of stainless steel -316 grades or better material. The
scrubbing medium shall be recirculated as far as possible.
Venturi scrubber shall be followed by centrifugal type droplet
separator to remove water droplets from flue gas.
The material of construction of the droplet separator and
interconnecting ducting from venturi scrubber to droplet separator,
droplet separator to ID fan & ID fan to stack, shall be mild steel
lined from inside with minimum 3 mm thick natural hard rubber
suitable for the duty conditions and shall also conform to IS: 4682
Part I-1968 to avoid corrosion due to oxygen and acids in the wet
flue gas.
The wastewater generated from the air pollution control device
shall be properly handled so as to avoid any non-compliance of the
regulatory requirements.
Stack emission monitoring and ash analysis as per the requirement
of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998,
shall be done quarterly i.e. once in every three months and record
shall be maintained by the facility operator.

The incinerator structure shall be built in a room with proper roofing and
cross ventilation. There shall be minimum of 1.5 m clear distance in all the
directions from the incinerator structure to the wall of the incinerator
room.
Adjacent to the incinerator room, there shall be a waste storage area. It
shall be properly ventilated and so designed that waste can be stored in
racks and washing can be done very easily. The waste storage room shall
be washed and chemically disinfected daily.
The floor and inner wall of the incinerator and storage rooms shall have
outer covering of impervious and glazed material so as to avoid retention
of moisture and for easy cleaning.
The incineration ash shall be stored in a closed sturdy container in a
masonry room to avoid any pilferage. Finally, the ash shall be disposed in a
secured landfill.

Operator of the incinerator

28

i.

ii.

iii.
iv.

A skilled person shall be designated to operate and maintain the

incinerator. The operator shall have adequate qualification in relevant
subject and shall be trained and certified by the incinerator supplier in
operation & maintenance of the incinerator.
There shall be at least one assistant designated at the incinerator plant to
keep track of the wastes, records of incinerator operation, cleanliness of
the surrounding area and incinerator & waste storage room. They shall
also take care of waste charging and incineration ash disposal.
All the staff at the incinerator plant shall put on protective gears such as
gumboots, gloves, eye glasses, etc. for safety reasons.
Any accident occurred shall immediately be reported to the facility
operator. The facility operator shall have well defined strategies to deal
with such accident/emergency.

Note:

The incinerator should be procured only from the manufacturing unit

having registered under the Factories Act, 1948 and Companies Act, 1956.

[The guidelines will help in selection/installation of better incinerator system.

However, it shall be ensured that the incinerator shall comply with the standards
stipulated in the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.]

-- OO --

29

Annexure-II
Format for maintaining the Records by the CBWTF Operator alongwith the Vehicle used
for collection of bio-medical waste from the member HCFs
Name of the CBWTF
Address of the CBWTF with contact details
Vehicle Registration Number (certificate to be carried by the vehicle driver)
Route covered (indicate places ) by the vehicle
Date

Time
of
arrival
of the
vehicle

Vehicle Speedometer
mileage readings in
KM
Initial

Name of the HCF from

whom waste collected

:
:
:
:

Category-wise quantity of bio-medical waste

received in kg
Yellow Red
Blue
Out dated Waste
medicines
Sharps

Final

30

Name of
the
Vehicle
driver

Signatures
Vehicle
Driver

Representative
of the HCF

Annexure -III
Log book for Operating the Incinerator
Date

(1)

Time

(2)

Quantity
of BMW
charged
in
one
hour in
Kg

(3)

Temperature maintained
O
in
C

Primary
Chamber

(4)

Secondary
Chamber

(5)

Negative
draft in
primary
chamber

After
scrubbing
in
exit
stack gas

(in mm
of water
column)

(6)

(7)

Pressure
drop
across
venture
scrubber

pH level of
scrubbed
liquid

(in mm
of water
column)
(8)

(9)

Average values of flue

gas
analysis
results
observed
during
the
incineration process

Consumption of electricity
and Diesel

CO
in
mg/Nm3

O2
in %

Power

(10)

(11)

CO2
in %

(12)

(indicate
electricity
meter reading)

Initial
reading

Final
reading

(13)

14)

Diesel
in
liters

Net
Quantity
of waste
received
in Kg

Net
Quantity
of Waste
left over
in Kg
(17)=
(16) (3)

(16)

(17)

(15)

Log Book for Operating the Autoclave

Date

(1)

Time

(2)

Batch
number

(3)

Quantity of
waste
feeding per
batch in Kg

(4)

Temperature and Pressure in

every ten minutes
Temperature
Pressure
in O C
in psi

(5)

Strip test result

(indicate
for
each batch with
a proof)

(6)

(7)

31

Consumption of electricity and

Diesel
Power
(indicate Diesel
in
electricity
meter liters
reading)
Initial
reading
(8)

Final
reading
(9)

(10)

Net Quantity
of
waste
received
in
Kg

Net Quantity of
Waste
left over in Kg
(12)= (11) (4)

(11)

(12)

Annexure -IV
CHECK LIST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A
COMMON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY & FOR ISSUING CONSENT
TO ESTABLISHMENT UNDER WATER & AIR ACTS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Name of the Proponent

Proposed location of the CBWTF
No. of HCFs in the locality
No. beds
Total Bio-medical Waste Generation in kg/day
(i)
Incinerable in kg/day
(ii)
Autoclavable in kg/day
(iii)
Glass waste in kg/day
(iv)
Waste sharps in kg/day

6.

Proposed location of the CBWTF: located away from

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

7.

Residential area
:
Sensitive area
:
Industrial area
:
Is it located at a distance 1 KM
:
from residential & sensitive area
Is it as a part of TSDF
:
Is the facility proposed in Metropolitan city:
Is the facility proposed in Hilly Region :

Yes

Proposed land for CBWTF:

a)
b)
c)

8.

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Area about 1 acre

Area less than 1 Acre
Area more than 1 Acre

:
:
:

Proposed coverage area of the CBWTF:

a)

Any facility located

upto a radius of 150 KM

:
32

Yes

from the proposed locality

b)

No. of beds covered by the existing facility/proposed facility:

(i)
(ii)

c)
d)

9.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Following treatment facilities shall

be

Autoclave (Pre-vaccum horizontal feeding) / Hydroclave / Microwave.

:
Incineration (for waste belonging to categories 1, 2 and 5 only.)
:
Yes
Shredder
:
Sharp pit (with drawing details)
:
Encapsulation/Recovery of metal in some factory:
in washing/floor washing/vehicle washing:
Effluent Treatment Plant
:
Secured land fill/Disposal of ash in TSDF:

Segregation
(i).

(ii).
(iii).

11.

:
:

Is there any CBWTF within the radius of 150 KM:

Is locality requires any additional capacity (within a radius of 150 KMs) ?.
:
(i)
If so, indicate reason: .....

Requirement of Treatment Facility:

provided in any common facility:
a)

10.

more than 10, 000 beds

less than 10,000 beds

Segregation shall be as per the Bio-medical Waste (M & H) Rules, 1998 as

amended as well as compatible with treatment facilities at CBWTF as
suggested by the operator
Generator is responsible for providing segregated waste to the operator.
The operator shall not accept un-segregated waste and report the matter
to the prescribed authority.

Collection
(i)

Respective coloured bags should be kept in similar coloured container i.e.

coloured bags shall not be directly kept in vehicle.
33

(ii)
(iii)
12.

Sharps shall be collected in puncture resistant containers.

Temporary storage at healthcare unit shall be designated.

Transport Vehicle
(I)
(II)

Dedicated vehicles for collection of Bio-Medical Waste.

Separate cabins shall be provided for driver/staff and the biomedical waste containers.
The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof to avoid pilferage of
liquid during transportation.
The waste cabin may be designed for storing waste containers in
tiers.
The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and
disinfect.
The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth
surface to minimize water retention.
The waste cabin shall have provisions of sufficient openings in the
rear and/or sides so that waste containers can be easily loaded and
unloaded.
The vehicle shall be labeled with the bio-medical waste symbol (as
per the Schedule III of Rules) and should display the name, address
and telephone number of the CBWTF.

(III)
(IV)
(V)
(VI)
(VII)

(VIII)

13.

Storage
(I)
(II)

14.

Record Keeping
(I)

(II)

15.

Sufficient ventilated storage space for untreated and treated biomedical waste shall be provided.
The flooring and walls (to a height of 2M from floor) shall be
finished with smooth and fine material. There shall be minimum
number of joints.

Documents such as collection advice taken from health care units for each
category of waste, records of waste movements, logbook for the
equipment and site records shall be maintained.
All the record shall be available at the CBWTF site for inspection.
:

Proposed Treated Waste Disposal method:

34

(i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
16.

Incineration ash - Secured landfill/near by TSDF:

Treated solid waste - Municipal landfill
:
Plastic waste after disinfection and shredding Registered Recycling Unit
or municipal landfill
:
Sharps, after disinfection ( if encapsulated ) - Municipal landfill
:
Treated wastewater - Sewer/drain or recycling :
(vi)
Oil & grease incineration:
:

Estimated energy consumption and fuel consumption per month :

(i)

Estimated energy consumption per month

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

(ii)

Diesel
consumption
: in Kl per month
No. of hours of operation of DG Set :
No. of hours of incineration
:

Whether the proponent obtained necessary approvals from the concerned

departments as required
:
(i)

18.

:
:
:
:
:
:

Estimated fuel consumption:

(a)
(b)
(c)

17.

General lighting in the facility

Incinerator
Autolcave/microwave
Shredder
ETP
Any other

If yes, attach details

Whether the proposal recommended for issuing consent to establish

::

35

(Signature of the official verified with date)

36

Annexure -V
Check List for Performance Evaluation of the
Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF)
S.No.
01.

Details
Name of CBWTF with :
contact details

02.

Date of visit

03.

Location details of the :

CBWTF

Particulars

:
a)

In /near to Residential area:

b)
c)
d)

In/near Sensitive area:

In Industrial area :
Is it located at a distance at least 1 KM
from residential & sensitive area:
Indicate exact distance:
Is it as a part of TSDF:

e)
f)

04

05.
06.
07.

08.

Month / year of :
establishment and the
Consents status
CBWTF set up by
:
CBWTF operated by
:
Total
number
of :
healthcare
facilities
and beds covered (as
on date of visit)
Total
Bio-medical :
Waste
Treatment

in KM

Is the facility proposed in Metropolitan

city:
(i)Name of the City:
g) Is the facility proposed in Hilly Region
:
(i)Name of the City:
Establishment Month/Year :

No. of HCFs
:
No. of Beds
:
No. of beds upto 150 KM radius
:
No. of beds more than 150 KM radius:
Incineration
:
Autoclave
:
37

Capacity of CBWTF (in

kg / day)
09.
9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

10.
11.
12

12.

13.

14.

Any other treatment and disposal:

Consents and Authorization details :

Consent under Water :
(Prevention
and
Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974
Consent under Air :
(Prevention
and
Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981
Environmental
Clearance ( EC)

Authorization
under :
BMW Rules, 1998

Investment in setting :
up the CBWTF
Area of plot size for :
CBWTF (Sq. ft.)
Annual
Report :
submission
for the year .

Coverage
area
of :
CBWTF (radius in KM
covered)
Name
of :
Districts/Cities / places
being covered
Daily
operation :

Applied for
Possess Valid Consent
Not renewed
No consent
If obtained: Consent is valid upto . and
issued by ..SPCB/PCC vide
letter dated
Applied for
Possess Valid Consent
Not renewed
No consent
If obtained: Consent is valid upto . and
issued by ..SPCB/PCC vide
letter dated

Applied
for

Not
applied

Obtained

Not obtained
If obtained: EC issued by MoEF vide letter
dated
Applied for
Possess Valid Consent
Not renewed
No consent
If obtained: Consent is valid upto . and
issued by ..SPCB/PCC vide
letter dated

Submitted before due date : :Yes

If yes, provide details of waste collected, received
and treated & disposed of: .,
, . & ..
Coverage area upto 150 km radius:

Collection
38

: am to . pm.

schedule (timings)
Incineration :.AM to .PM
15.
Cost charged to the :
healthcare facilities
16.
Total quantity of bio-medical waste treated:
kg/day (avg.)
16.1 Incinerable
:
. %
16.2
16.3
17.
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
18.0
18.1

18.2
18.3
19.0
20.0

21.0
21.1
21.2

Autoclaving
:
.%
Others (please specify) :
.%
Staff involvement in CBWTF operation (number of persons):
Managerial
/ :
Administration
Equipment operations :
Transportation
of :
BMW
Sanitation and others
:
Total
persons :
excluding managers
Collection and Transportation of bio-medical waste from member HCFs :
No. of Vehicles used :
for collection of waste
from member HCFs
Vehicles are labeled as :
per BMW Rules
Vehicles used are as :
per CPCB Guidelines
Temporary untreated :
Satisfactory
No satisfactory
waste storage area
Mode of conveyance :

Closed Trolley/Pull cart with bio-hazard

of bio-medical waste
symbol
from untreated waste

No Closed Trolley/Pull cart

storage area to the

Others like
treatment equipment
within the CBWTF
Treatment equipment installed at CBWTF
Incinerator
capacity :
. kg /hr.
and make
Daily
Operation :
schedule
of
the
incinerator (timings)
39

21.3 Consumption
auxiliary fuels

of :

S.
No

Type
Fuel

of

Consumption
Quantity
in
liters per day

Bill numbers
of purchase of
fuel

a)
b)
c)
d)
21.4 Stack attached with the
incinerator
21.5 Monitoring provision
attached
with
the
stack
21.6 Is stack monitoring
provision satisfactory
and as per CPCB
guidelines
21.7 air pollution control
systems attached with
the incinerator

Diameter:

Platform
platform

Yes

Quenching
: Yes No
Venturi scrubber
: Yes No
Droplet separator
: Yes No
Mist eliminator
: Yes No
ID Fan
: Yes No
Any other
: Yes No
Manual feeding
: Yes No
Automatic feeding : Yes No
(i) PLC synchronized with waste feeding
mechanism & in working condition: Yes
No

21.8 Waste
feeding :
mechanism
21.9 Is PLC and automatic :
recording system (for
recording
operating
parameters
of
the
incinerator) attached
with the incinerator

21.10 Operational conditions :

of the Incineration as
observed during the

(I)

Height
Porthole

access to the

No

PLC synchronized with recording system

attached with incinerator and in working
condition:
Yes
No
Temp. in Primary Chamber (range) :
Temp. in Secondary Chamber (range):
Negative draft in Primacy Chamber :
40

visit

.mm of WC
Pressure drop in the Venturi
mm of WC

21.11 Is on-line monitoring :

system/Flue
gas
analyser attached with
the incinerator for flue
gas
analysis
( i.e CO, O2 and CO2)

21.12 Fire safety measures

adopted at the diesel
storage and other
important areas
21.13 Log book for operation
of the incinerator is
maintained
and
satisfactory
21.14 Details
of
heat
recovery
system
installed
with
incinerator
22.00 Capacity of autoclave
and-- make
22.1 Operating conditions
of utoclave/microwave
as observed during the
visit
22.2 Provision made for the
autoclave /micorwave

Online monitoring system attached with

incinerator:
Yes
No
(ii) Flue gas analyser attached with the
incinerator:
Yes
No
(iii) Observed values of flue gas parameters:
CO2:
.. % ; O2:
% : and CO:
Yes
No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Autoclave of capacity
. installed.
Temperature :
Pressure
:
Residence time :

22.3 Spore test or strip test :

conducted
regularly
and
records
maintained

(i)

..kg/cycle and make

in OC
in psi
in minutes

Trolley for waste feeding :

Yes
No
Graphic or computer recording device attached:
Yes
No
Yes
No

41

22.4 Performance
of
autoclaving by spore
testing or routine test
22.5 Log book maintained
for
autoclave
is
satisfactory
23.0
Capacity of shredder
and make
24.0
Details of sharp pit /
Encapsulation facility

25.0
25.1

Satisfactory

Yes

.. kg/hr. Self designed & got fabricated locally.

Sharp Pit provided

: Yes
No
Is it as per CPCB guideline : Yes
No
Records maintained
: Yes
No
Total quantity of waste sharps stored:
Total quantity of waste sharps treated and
disposed:

Water Balance
Source and quantity of :
water intake per day
(cu.m / day)

Not satisfactory

No

Water consumption source:

Water is drawn at .. KLD approximately.
Is magnetic flow meter attached to the water
source/water storage tank : Yes
No
S.N
o

Month

Magnetic flow meter

reading
Initial

(1)

Previous
month
.
On the date of
visit:..

(2)

25.2

Break up of water :
usage
(such
as
washing,
scrubbing
etc.)

Final

If water requirement is met from outside

through tankers, provide following details:
No. of Tankers procured in a previous six
months:
Total quantity of water consumed during the
previous six months
:
.. .. in KLD
Scrubber

KL/hr or KLD
Washing

KLD
Disinfections
KLD
Gardening
KLD
Domestic

KLD
42

26.0

27.

Total
wastewater :
About .KLD generated
effluent
generated
Quantity of treated water reused/recycled in %:
per day
Any other mode of disposal:
Effluent treatment plant details
ETP Capacity

. KL/Cycle

27.1
:
27.2

27.3

27.4

28.
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4

Flow Chart of ETP

ETP comprising of :
...........
.
..
. Unit operations
Intake and Discharge :
(i) Magnetic Flow measuring device provided
of ETP
at the outlet of ETP: Yes
No
(ii) Energy meter attached to the ETP:
Yes
No
(iii) Energy consumed over a period of one
month:
= Units
(iv) pH meter attached at the outlet of ETP:
Yes
No
Final mode of disposal :
(i) Treated water is reused in the scrubber:
of treated water
Yes
No
(ii) Treated water is reused for gardening:
Yes
No
(iii) Treated water is discharged in drain:
Yes
No
(iv) Treated water is discharged in open area:
Yes
No
Status of infrastructure (Yes / No)
Separate
treatment :
Yes
No
equipment room
Main waste storage :
Yes
No
room
Treated waste storage :
Yes
No
room
Administrative room
:
Yes
No
43

28.5 Generator set

28.6

28.7
28.8
28.9
28.10
28.11
28.12
28.13
28.14
28.15
28.16
28.17
29.
29.1
29.2

(i) Capacity
(ii) Stack attached as
per DG Set norms
(iii) Acoustic
enclosure
provided as per
DG Set norms
(iv) Is
DG
Set
complying to the
emissions norms
(v) Is
DG
Set
complying to the
noise level as per
Norms
Site security (high
walls, fencing, guarded
gates etc.)
Parking facility
Sign board
Green belt
Washing room
First aid box
Lighting arrangements
in the facility
Odour
problem
remedial
Fire
fighting
and
emergency facilities
Measures for control
of pests / insects etc.
Protective gear for
waste handlers
Telephone facility
Record keeping details
Waste
Movement
/Manifest record
Log
book
for

Yes

No

:
:

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

:
:
:
:
:
:

High walls on all four sides : Yes

Fencing on all the sides
: Yes
Guarded Gates
: Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

:
:

44

No
No
No

29.3
29.4

29.5

29.6
30.
30.1

30.2

30.3

30.4

30.5

30.6

treatment equipment
Site records
:
Yes
No
Incineration
ash :
Yes
No
generation and final
disposal records
Treated plastic waste :
Yes
No
generation and its sale
to
the
registered
recycler
Syringes treated and :
Yes
No
its final disposal record
Collection and transportation status (Yes / No)*
Whether
waste :
Yes
No
collected
in
a
container of similar
colour with label as
per the Rules?
Whether the person :
Yes
No
who collects BMW
maintain a register
with him / her?
Has due attention :
Yes
No
have been given in
vehicles to prevent
spillage / pilferage/
loading / unloading
etc.?
Is the vehicle labeled :
Yes
No
with the symbol and
display
the
name,
address,
telephone
number etc.?
Does
the
CBWTF :
Yes
No
operator use satellite
station to store the
waste?
If yes, give
details
The CBWTF operator :
Yes
No
collects waste daily or
45

31.
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
32.

32.1

alternate
day?
Whether criterion of
48 hours is complied?
Disposal of treated waste:
Plastic waste after :
treatment
Treated sharps
:
Incineration ash
:
Other treated solid :
wastes
Oil & grease
:
Treated wastewater
:
Frequency
of :
incinerator / autoclave
/
microwave
/
hydroclave
/
ETP
discharge
effluent
testing and name of
the laboratory (specify
approved or not). Give
details of compliance /
non-compliance)
Frequency
of
site :
inspection
by
SPCBs/PCCs/CPCB/any
other agencies

33.
Monitoring Results :
33.1 Incinerator
stack :
emission (parameters
stipulated in the Rules,
temperature
attainment
in
the
chambers,
residence
time in the secondary
chamber etc.)
33.2 Incineration
characteristics

ash :

The reported frequency of monitoring was: Stack monitoring : Monthly/Quarterly/Yearly

Waste water
: Monthly/Quarterly/Yearly
Incineration ash : Monthly/Quarterly/Yearly
Copies of the analysis reports of treated effluent,
incinerated ash, stack monitoring .

.no. of times in a
SPCB/PCC/CPCB

year

by

Parameter

PM

SO2

HCl

NOx

C.E.

Date
LIMIT

150

---

50

450

99.99%

Date of monitoring:
All values are in mg/Nm3, except CE

Characteristics as per Schedule II of HWM

Rules:
46


Is it hazardous waste as per HWM Rules:
Yes
No
33.3 ETP
inlet/outlet :
characteristics

Parameter

pH

TSS

COD

ETP
Inlet
Result
ETP Outlet
Result

All values are in mg/l except pH

34.

35.

Name of the officials :

inspected /monitored
the facility
Any other relevant
observations

47

BOD

O&G