HOMEWORK 1, DUE JANUARY 29TH 2015

SUBMISSION TIME: AT THE BEGINNING OF CLASS. TURNING IN A LATE

SUBMISSION BEYOND 8.45 AM ON JANUARY 29 TH 2015 WILL RESULT
IN A LOSSS OF 10% OF YOUR GRADE FOR EVERY DAY THAT YOU ARE
LATE.
You are encouraged to discuss the homework problems with your colleagues,
or to use any other source of information to guide you. Please, however, turn
in your own work. Collaboration in any form except as specified above will be
strictly penalized.
Problem 1.

001) BONANZA
GRC1
0
150
SPC
-160MV 40
ACAL
6
16
10700

ILDC
0.2

200
SNC

0.2

200

RHOC
1.95
2.95
CNLLC
0.45
-0.15

DT
150 us/f

50

MLLCF
0.2

200

10800

10900

This problem will illustrate the typical workflow for log analysis. You may
want to export the log curve values to a spreadsheet application. Assume
that the logging tools have an average resolution of 10 feet (although typical
tool resolution is about 1-2 feet). Therefore your spreadsheet should have
10-feet-averaged values of the reported log values.
Curve Mnenomics:
MLLCF: Shallow resisitivity
SNC: Medium resistivity
ILDC: Deep resistivity

GRC: Gamma ray

CNLLC: Neutron porosity
RHOC: Density
DT: Sonic travel time
You may assume that the neutron log is reading the correct values of
porosity in clean, water-bearing layers.
a. Identify clean and shaly layers. Indicate these layers on your log.
Comment on the permeability of the formation in these layers using all
available data.
b. Identify water-bearing and hydrocarbon bearing layers in the log. Do
this without any explicit calculations using Archies equation use only
the log responses qualitatively (gamma ray, resisitivity profiles etc)
c. Use the clean, water-bearing layer information to obtain a value for the
formation water resisitivity, Rw. You may use the deep resisitivity curve
as a substitute for the uninvaded formation resistivity R t. Do this using
two different methods:
a. Use the Rwa method. This is the method we discussed in class.
Chose a few points in the log in the clean, water-bearing layers
and calculate Rw as an average of the previously obtained values.
b. Use the Pickett plot technique. This is a powerful technique for
Rw computation and an example is provided in your lecture
slides. On a log-log chart, plot the porosity (on the y-axis) versus
formation resistivity (on the x-axis). Draw a line passing through
the points with a 100% water saturation, extend the line to
intersect the x-axis at a porosity value of 100%. Obtain the value
of formation water resistivity from this chart. See SPE 1446 by
Pickett, G.R. for more information.
d. Use the same method specified above to calculate the mud filtrate
resistivity, Rmf. You may use the shallow resistivity as a proxy for the
invaded zone resistivity, Rxo.
e. Compute the density porosity and plot it on a log for a

a. Limestone matrix (2.71 g/cc)

b. Sandstone matrix (2.65 g/cc)
c. Dolomite matrix (2.87 g/cc)
d. Assuming there are no lithology effects affecting the neutron log
response (i.e. the neutron log is reading the correct porosity in a
100% water-saturated clean formation), what is your assessment
of the lithology of the formation. (Hint: If you chose the correct
matrix density, the density porosity and the neutron porosity will
overlay in a clean, water-bearing layer)
f. Compute and plot the water-saturation on your log. Indicate clearly the
shale sections, where this computation is not meaningful.
g. The sonic log is also a very useful tool for porosity estimation. The
curve DT represents the travel-time of sound waves in the formation.
So at a depth of 10870 feet, it takes sound 100 micro-seconds to travel
one foot of the formation. The sonic travel-time is strongly dependant
on porosity and the rock matrix. The formula that relates sonic traveltime to the rock matrix travel-time and fluid travel-time is similar to
that of the bulk density formula.

tlog tma 1 tf

Compute the sonic porosity and plot it on a log for a

a. Limestone matrix (47.5 us/ft)
b. Sandstone matrix (55.5 us/ft)
c. Dolomite matrix (43.5 us/ft)
d. The speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s.
e. Assuming there are no lithology effects affecting the neutron log
response (i.e. the neutron log is reading the correct porosity in a
100% water-saturated clean formation), what is your assessment
of the lithology of the formation. (Hint: If you chose the correct

matrix, the sonic porosity and the neutron porosity will overlay in
a clean, water-bearing layer)
f. Use the sonic porosity to compute the water-saturations in the
formation.