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2. FeCl3
3. KNO3
4. NH4C2H3O2
5. ZnSO4
6. Ba(NO3)2
7. RbF
8. CaBr2
FOLLOWING ARE TITRATION PROBLEMS. ASSUME THAT THE
pH INDICATOR WILL BE THE RIGHT ONE TO BALANCE THE
AMOUNT OF ACID AND BASE. SOME OF THE TITRATIONS ARE
NOT ACID - BASE TITRATIONS. AGAIN ASSUME THERE IS AN
INDICATOR THAT WILL TELL WHEN MOLAR AMOUNTS ARE
MATCHED.
21. 23.45 mL of 0.275 M sodium hydroxide was used to titrate
against mL of acetic acid. What was the concentration in M of
acetic acid?
22. 17.05 mL of 0.247 M barium hydroxide was used to titrate
against 10 mL of nitric acid. What was the concentration in M
of nitric acid?
The only two materials in the solution are water and NaOH.
The water alone would provide 1 E-7 Molar hydroxide ion. The
NaOH is a strong and soluble base, so all of the base is in the
form of ions, providing 0.0815 Molar hydroxide ion. The
hydroxide ion is most important in this problem. The
hydroxide ion from the dissociation of water is much less than
five percent of the hydroxide ion from sodium hydroxide, so
the concentration of hydroxide ion is 0.0815 M. This is only a
pH box problem. The answer has been rounded to one
decimal place.
The [H+] from the acetic acid is less than five percent of the
[acetic acid], so there is no need to get a more accurate
Or you could substitute in for the [OH-] ion and solve for the
[H+].
Drop the numbers in and do the math. It is messy and tedious
and disgusting to have to use the quadratic equation, but it
will give you and answer of [OH-] = 6.6115 E-8 which results
in a pH of 6.8203, rounded to 6.8, a likely answer.
first ionization
kA = 6.92 E-3
second ionizaton kA = 6.17 E-8
third ionization
kA = 2.09 E-12
We can look up the kA. The [H+] is the same as the [HCl], and
the concentration of phosphoric acid is given. The [H2PO4]
will be equal to the concentration of hydrogen ion contributed
by the first ionization of the phosphoric acid.
From the initial estimate, the [H+] from the first ionization
(0.063243656 M) will be more than 5% of the acid
concentration (0.578 M). We will have to use the more
accurate form of the equation that includes the decrease in
unionized acid concentration by the ionized forms.
Will we have to also account for the second ionization? The
number we found as first estimate for the [H +] can also serve
as estimate of the [H2PO4)-], the anion in the first ionization.
But the anion of the first ionization is the original acid in the
second ionization and the estimate of the [H +] can also be
used in the second ionization equation. If we solve for the
anion of the second ionization equation, we would get an
estimate of the hydrogen ion that the second equation would
produce.
If you are really sharp, you noticed that the original estimate
using the simplified method of calculating the [H +] produces
the number 0.063243656, and that the pH of that [H +] is the
SAME as the number from the more complex calculation when
rounded to one decimal point.
Back to Acid and Base math problem #15.
pKA = 4.76.
It is a little easier to do this problem by the HendersonHasselbach equation, if you are sure you know it. You must
still make sure you are substituting correctly and that your
assumptions for simplification are valid (within 5%). The H-H
equation is not much good for solutions in which either the
acid or ion concentrations are more than ten times one
another or in which the concentration of either material is less
than one hundred times the kA because it doesn't easily
adapt to a quadratic form.
pKA = 3.08.
pKB = 4.75.
What we get from the H-H equation is the ratio of the two
constituents. We can use that ratio as one of the equations in
a two - equation - two - unknown setup to substitute one into
the other and calculate the concentration of acetic acid, [HA],
and the concentration of sodium acetate, [A_].
<22.
23. 0.328
24. 9.92 E-3 M
0.842 M> M
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