EMERGENCY

SITUATIONS AT SEA
Prepared by:
MRS. CECILLE M. JALBUENA
EN1103 Maritime Vocabulary and Terms

COPING WITH EMERGENCIES

ON BOARD
Accidents may occur at sea
because of:
- carelessness
- deliberate disregard of safety
rules
- ignorance of ones duties
- lack of awareness of existing
hazards

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD
1) COLLISION : Vessels coming into destructive
contact are said to be in collision.

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD
2) STRANDING : The condition of a vessel
that has run on a strand or a beach.
In consequence, the double bottom
area of the vessel will probably suffer
considerable damage, especially if
the ground is rocky.
This is the same action as beaching,
but with the significant difference
that beaching the vessel is an
intentional
action
and
under
comparatively controlled conditions,
whereas stranding is accidental.

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD
3) GROUNDING : The condition
when a vessel touches the
bottom.

Ship grounding leads to the impact

of the bottom part of a ship onto
the ocean bed, resulting in damage
to the ship structure. A ship
grounding can be of two types
Soft grounding and Wallop
Grounding.

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD

grounded at harbor

A soft grounding does not lead

to adverse effects on a ship. But
this doesn't mean it has to be
completely neglected. Proper
inspection needs to be made as
soon as the ship reaches the
nearest port.

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD

grounding capsize

Wallop grounding can lead to heavy

damage to the hull and submerged part
of the ship.
This might lead to serious cracks in
the ship structure, resulting in water
ingress followed by serious damage of
the ship's structural integrity and
causing major instability.
Sometimes due to wallop grounding,
the ship might completely lose its
balance and become unstable, leading
to ship capsize.

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD
4) MAIN ENGINE
FAILURE :
Breakdown in
operation of the
main engine.

MAJOR TYPES OF
EMERGENCY ON BOARD
5) FIRE and/or EXPLOSION :
These can be caused by
failure or faulty operation or
equipment, by self-ignition
caused by carelessness with
open fire or smoking in a
non-smoking area.

OTHER EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS ON BOARD

Listing
Capsizing
Flooding
Man overboard
Leakage of gas
Oil spill
Electrical accident
Accident in an enclosed space

SOME INSTRUCTIONS DURING

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
1. Immediately upon boarding the vessel, each
person should familiarize himself with his
assigned location in the event of an emergency.
2. All crew members should be thoroughly
familiar with the duties they are assigned to
perform in the event of an emergency.
3. All persons should participate in emergency
drills and should be properly dressed including
properly donned life preserver or exposure
unit.

SOME INSTRUCTIONS DURING

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
4. In all vessels carrying passengers, the STEWARD
DEPARTMENT shall be responsible for warning passengers,
seeing that passengers are properly dressed and have
correctly donned their life preservers, assembly and
directing passenger movement and ensuring that a supply
of blankets be taken to the lifeboats.
5. The proper chain of command is indicated by the
sequential numbers assigned to each department. Should
a key person become disabled the next senior member
of the department must take over the disabled persons
place.

SOME INSTRUCTIONS DURING

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
6. The Chief Mate should be responsible for the
maintenance and readiness of lifesaving and fire
fighting appliances and equipment above the main
deck.
7. The First Assistant Engineer must be responsible for the
maintenance and readiness of all lifesaving and fire
fighting appliances and equipment on the main deck
and below.

LETS SEE IF YOU REALLY

DID LISTEN
QUESTIONS TO ANSWER IN A YELLOW PAD PAPER:
1) Name at least 4 emergency situations on board.
2) Give at least 2 causes of accidents that may occur
at sea.
3) Who is responsible for the maintenance and
readiness of lifesaving and fire fighting appliances
and equipment above the main deck?
4) Who is responsible for the maintenance and
readiness of lifesaving and fire fighting appliances
and equipment in the main deck and below?