Am. Crim. Law and Crim. Pro.

李榮耕

CH3 The Fourth Amendment

• The Exclusionary Rule
 Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)
 United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984)
 Illinois v. Krull, 480 U.S. 340 (1987)
 Arizona v. Evans, 514 U.S. 1 (1995)
 Groh v. Ramirez, 540 U.S. 551 (2004)

Herring v. United States, 129 S.Ct. 695 (2009)
• The scope of the Fourth Amendment

The meaning of searches
 The relationship between privacy and property
 Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)
 Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170 (1984)
 California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207 (1986)
 Florida v. Riley, 488 U.S. 445 (1989)
 Knowingly expose to the Public
 United States v. White, 401 U.S. 745 (1971)
 California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988)
 Privacy and Technology
 United States v. Knott, 460 U.S. 276 (1983)
 Dow Chemical Co. v. United States, 476 U.S. 227 (1986)
 Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

The Meaning of Seizures
 Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429 (1991)
• Probable cause and warrants

The Fourth Amendment
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue,
but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing
the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

The probable cause standard
 Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160 (1949)
 Spinelli v. United States, 393 U.S. 410 (1969)
 Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983)

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 Am. Crim. Law and Crim. Pro. 李榮耕

exceptions to the warrant requirement

 exigent circumstances
 Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U.S. 385 (1978)
 Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 (1967)
 Mendez v. Colorado, 986 P.2d 285 (1999)
 community caretalking
 plain view
 Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987)
 Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990)
 automobile
 California v. Acevedo, 500 U.S. 565 (1991)
 Wyoming v. Houghton, 526 U.S. 295 (1999)
 arrest
 Atwater v. Lago Vista, 532 U.S. 318 (2001)
 Searches incident to arrest
 Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)
 Thornton v. United States, 541 U.S. 615 (2004)
 Knowles v. Iowa, 525 U.S. 113 (1998)
• Reasonableness

Stop and risks
 Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)
 Florida v. J.L., 529 U.S. 266 (2000)
 Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119 (2000)
 Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996)

Special Needs
 Indianapolis v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32 (2000)
 Illinois v. Lidster, 540 U.S. 419 (2004)

Consent searches
 Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973)
• Limits on the Exclusionary Rule

United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984)

Minnesota v. Carter, 525 U.S. 83 (1998)

Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963)

Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533 (1988)

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