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CHAPTER
PAGE
INTRODUCTION
1
ASSUMPTION
FOOTPRINT CALCULATION
2.1
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
performance of our new and existing building stock. The building has a 6 Star Green Star
Design rating and is going to be the first Australian building to be certified by the Living
Building Challenge, the worlds most advanced measure of sustainability in the built
environment.
The SBRC was designed to be a typical example of the use of advanced design and
low energy technologies to reduce environmental footprint. The goal of the report is to
analyses and calculate the draft estimation of the carbon and water footprints of the SBRC
building based on the relevant assumptions. It will discuss and determine the comparison of
the two footprint indicators calculated.
The following information about the SBRC building has been acquired from
the builder/designer:
a) Mass of concrete = vol. x specific density = 425 m3 x 2400 kg/ m3 =
1,020,000 kg
b) Mass of reinforcing steel = 42.1 tones
c) Amount of aluminum has not been provided, but can be estimated
according to glazing
area. Total Glazing Area = 316 m2
d) Total ground floor area of the building is 2,835 m2
e) Total roof area: 2150 m2
f) Estimated SBRC annual electricity consumption: 113,200 KWh.
g) Max cooling and heating load: 150 kW (for air-conditioning).
i) Estimated SBRC annual water consumption: 780,000 Liters.
j) SBRC has a water tank storage capacity of 65,000 Liters.
CHAPTER 1
ASSUMPTION
In this report, we need to do some of assumption to make it the generate the figure of date.
There are the following assumption we made:
a) Lifespan of Smart Building is 60 years without any maintenance
during their lifetime
b) Heating system operates 8 hours per day and max loading of
150kW.
c) From observation structure of Smart Building, Assume that one area
of glazing area needs one rectangular aluminum frame with certain
dimension as the following picture, assume that aluminum width of
1mm.
d) Green water is calculated from rain water filled in water tank
according to monthly rainfall rate in Wollongong area. It is assumed
that it is filled 5 times every year.
CHAPTER 2
FOOTPRINT CALCULATION
2.1 Carbon Footprint Calculation
2.1.1 Mass of Aluminum
Saluminum frame = (2 x 0.3 + 2 x 0.04) x 2 + (1 x 0.3 + 1 x 0.0) x 2 = 2.04
m2
Total area of glazing = 316 m2
Total area of aluminum = (316 x 2.04) / (1 x 2) = 322.3 m2
Volume of aluminum = 322.3 x 0.001 = 0.3223 m3
3
Density of Aluminium = 2700 kg /m
Where
Material
I
unit
Embodied
CO2
Unit
Carbon
footprint
(tCO2-e)
References
kg
0.8
kgCO2/kg
816
http://www.co2list.org/file
on.htm
Steel
42100
kg
kgCO2/kg
168.4
http://www.co2list.org/file
on.htm
Aluminum
870.21
kg
9.2
kgCO2/kg
http://www.co2list.org/file
on.htm)
Concrete
2
3
II
Electricity
consumption
Natural gas
consumption
113,200
1577
Kwh
GJ
1.05
71.3
kgCO2/Kwh
kgCO2/GJ
5943
5622
Australian Government (
p6)
Australian Government (
p7)
Table 2.2: Carbon Footprint for Building Material and Energy Use
2.2 Water footprint calculation
2.2.1 Blue Water
The amount of blue water used by SBRC is not directed known but it is
estimated by the assumption that SBRC utilised its full green water
capacity then the rest of its water requirement is taken directly from the
mm
63.4
83.3
67.4
100.5
115.6
94.6
132
0.0
m3
179.0
130.4
194.5
223.7
183.1
Year
122.7
Dec
112.4
No
v
217.5
Oct
106.4
Sep
205.9
Au
g
129.3
Jul
250.2
Ju
n
160.4
Ma
y
310.4
Ap
r
156.4
Collecta
ble Vol.
From
Roof
Vol. in
tank
from
Roof
Ma
r
302.6
Rainfall
Fe
b
3 130.
Ave.
Monthly
Ja
n
252.1
Unit
257
2.0
65.0
65.0
m3
65.0
65.0
65.0
325
Total
amount used
(tonnes)
Process water
requirement
(m/ton)
Water
footprint
(m)
60years
Reference
(Zygmunt, J
2007)
Concrete
Steel
1020.00
2.00
2040.00
42.10
40.00
1684.00
Aluminum
0.87
88.00
76.56
Total embedded on material
3800.56
Operation water
Annual
780.00
1.00
Ops
780.00
Grey water from annual energy consumption/ production
GJ
m/GJ
m
Electricity
203.76
0.007
1.426
consumpt.
Wind
36.000
0.000
0.000
Solar
203.760
0.001
0.157
Total Grey Water in 60yrs if use the grid
Total Grey Water in 60yrs if use the solar
3796.16
46800.0
0
(Epia 2012)
85.58
0.000
9.414
50680.52
50605.57
CHAPTER 3
2%
98%
Building Material
Energy Use
DISCUSSION
Building Material; 7%
Energy Use
20%
52%
28%
Green
Blue
Grey
2%
44%
Conrete
54%
Steel
17%
Aluminium
1%
82%
Concrete
Steel
Aluminium
This study has found that the estimation of the carbon and water footprints of the SBRC
building vary in different researches regarding to different assumptions and resources. From
the charts above, showing that all the percentage for the carbon and water footprints due to
the data and assumptions that we have done. Percentage for energy use higher than building
material for carbon footprint but for grey water footprint, the energy use is lower than
building material. Operation energy is the highest require to be compensated by onsite
renewable energy production. For the water footprint, if we consider to use the 50% solar and
50% electricity consumption, it will more sustainable. For the 60 years onwards, the
percentage of green water only 20%, we can collect more green water or increase the capacity
of green water if we considered to change the size of water tank, so it will decrease the
percentage of grey water. If we decrease the energy consumption, we will decrease also grey
water footprint. Although aluminum that is sustainable material has been used, the percentage
is still inconsiderable, the material for concrete and steel provide more carbon footprint
during the construction process accounted 93%.
CONCLUSION
References
1. Amount of CO2 released when making the product, viewed 30 April 2015,
<http://www.co2list.org/files/carbon.htm>