Blessed Thistle Herb

Blessed Thistle
The Benefits of
Blessed Thistle
In Herbal Preparations
Thesis on Blessed Thistle by David R. Card
People Helping People Live Healthier Lives through Natural Healing
DavesHealingNotes.com
Copyright 2010, David R. Card. All Rights Reserved. This information is for educational purposes and not
meant to diagnose, treat, or cure any disease. Always seek the advice of your healthcare professional.
Blessed Thistle
Blessed Thistle Table of Contents
History of Blessed Thistle
Location of Blessed Thistle
Chemical constituents of Blessed Thistle
Medicinal qualities of Blessed Thistle
Contra-indications for Blessed Thistle
12
Known herbal formulas using Blessed Thistle
12
Dosages and applications for Blessed Thistle
25
Personal Experience with Blessed Thistle
25
Bibliography
26
Blessed Thistle
History of Blessed Thistle

Blessed thistle has a long and glorious history in herbal medicine. Its history dates back
to the Greek and Roman times. It was one of the best known and widely used herbs of
the middle ages. Bruno Vonarburg describes the history of Blessed Thistle, Old folk
beliefs states that thistles protect against irritations, restlessness, evil spirits, and
witches. It is also known for restlessness and was the witchs herb. The ancient Greeks
and Romans used thistles to lite curses, the same as nettles and thorns. People
recognized thistles as the seed of evil that grew on graves. Special thorn Gods, from the
Greeks such as Hercules, from the Roman Deus, one brought offerings, to protect the
fields from thorns and thistles. In the middle ages a healing calendar was chosen to
remove thorns from the ground and remove reeds from the ponds.1
He further states that Martin Luther, a supporter of natural medicine, praised Blessed
Thistle for its ability as a tea to soothe pains of the sides and left him symptom free for
years.2 Martin Luther was one of the founders of the religious reformation. The people
of that time used herbs from their doctors as well as the common folk. Traditional uses
of Blessed Thistle abound and are more fully described in the medicinal uses section of
this paper.
It seems that Blessed Thistle has been used in most countries including England,
Russia, China, and Africa, bitters are used traditionally to strengthen and tonify the
body.3
Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus of the renaissance was a great compiler of
works of much old authors and his Kraeuterbuch (herb book), was one of the most in
depth and inclusive of all the herbals. The following is his historical description of
Blessed Thistle: this herb is especially good against the pestilence and all other
poisonous weaknesses.4
Location of Blessed Thistle

The earliest descriptions of Blessed Thistle in the English language are from John
Gerard. He describes it as Carduus Benedictus is found everywhere in Lemnos, an
island of Greece, and also in Languedock; and is an herb growing in our English
gardens. As Carduus Benedictus is better, so is it also hot and dry in the second
degree, and also withal cleansing and opening.5
Gaea and Shandor Weiss have a great description of Blessed Thistle plant uses: In the
middle ages holy thistle and angelica were the two most common medicinal herbs in
Europe. It is a common wayside herb in the Eastern U.S. and in parts of the Southwest.
Holy thistle is a hardy plant. You can sow it directly into its permanent bed in early
spring. Plant the seed 6 inches apart and inch deep. It thrives in good garden soil,
with spring additions of well-rotted compost. The plant is ready for gathering in early
summer. One third of its growth can be cut back at that time. Often, three or four such
cuttings can be taken during the growing season, so a small patch of holy thistle will
Blessed Thistle
produce enough of the foliage to last all year. Harvest the plant before it flowers each
time, so that it does not have the opportunity to self-sow and become a garden pest.6
Bruno Vonarburg remarks that it grows wild in the Mediterranean to a thousand meters.
In Europe it is found in fields and herb gardens.7 The Flora website describes, Blessed
Thistle, Cnicus benedictus L. [Fam. Asteraceae}, is a low annual plant, up to 40cm, with
thistle-like appearance.8
Dr. John Christopher describes it as the heal-all of thistles can be used as a substitute.
Blessed Thistle stem is erect, branched, round, rough, and pliable. The leaves are 2 to
3 inches long, grayish-green, brittle, thin and somewhat hairy, oblong and lanceolate,
lance-shaped, with wavy-lobed (jagged) and spiny margins (prickles on edges). The
flowers are yellow, one inch long, one inch broad, situated on branch ends and tipped
with long yellowish red spines. The fruit are long, cylindrical seed, finely ribbed
longitudinally, hairs or beard at top. The root is white and parted into strings.9
Paul Schauenberg describes Blessed Thistle as follows: Compositae Family. Southern
Europe, Western Asia. An annual plant. Height - 30-40 cm (12-16 inches). Stem rough, pubescent, leaves large, lobed, spiny. Flower - head terminal, hairy, with creamy
white flowers. Flowering season - June to August. Active constituents - The plant
contains a bitter compound (cnicine), a sesquiterpencid lactone; tannin; mucilage; and a
small quantity of an essential oil.10
The book Kraeuterbuch describes some properties and how it should be prepared:
From the nature, power and properties of cardobenedicten-The bitter taste of this herb
shows enough of the warm and dry nature (and this thistle has the praise over all others
as many uses inwardly and outwardly and has a large and healing power. It should be
dried in the shade11
Richard Willfort from Austria says that it has aromatic smell and bitter taste, blooms
June to August. It is the above ground portion.12 Pahlow from Germany is a
pharmacist and an herbalist. He says that it is best collected at blooming time.13
Thistles in general, are safe and therapeutic and many others are or were used. Some
are described by Dr Christopher: Sister plants. Common Carline Thistle (Carlina Vulg),
Common Star Thistle (Centaurea Calcitropa), Dwarf Thistle (Carduus Acaulis), Scotch
Thistle (Conopordum Acanthium), Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum), St. Marys Thistle
(Carduus Marinnus).14
Chemical Constituents of Blessed Thistle

Bruno Vonargburg is very thorough in his description of the chemical constituent history
of Blessed Thistle: The research of the chemical substances of Blessed Thistle begin in
1837 - there is a high content of bitter principles, the so-called cnicin. The bitterness at
1/1800 is an 1800 dilution where one can still taste the bitterness. Other chemicals are
Benedictia, Cnicinolid, Arcticitrol, Arctiing etheric oil with Fenchon, Citral,
Blessed Thistle
Cimmonaldehyde and paraffin, further polyencer and oleanol, mucus and tannins,
polystyrene, calcium, magnesium, and Vitamin B.15
The essential oil of Blessed Thistle is described by R. Vanhoelon-Fastre of the
Pharmaceutical Institute of the Free University of Brussels as an antibiotic effect. The
essential material influences the stomach secretions, works as an appetite stimulant,
and furthers the colon action. It increases the pancreatic secretions, releases cramps of
the gallbladder/liver region. It furthers the peristaltic movement of the stomach and
strengthens the entire organism.
Bitter herbs keep their importance in medicine as a tonic. There has been 30 different
uses of Blessed Thistle as a tonic since the time of Hippocrates.
Its description from the Flora website describes the chemical actions and constituents
as follows: Certain bitter flavonoids found in the leaves, stems, and barks of many
plants, particularly the oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), have indeed been shown
to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and capillaries thereby improving overall blood
circulation. OPCs have also been shown to bind to collagen and prevent its degradation
by enzymes and free radicals and aid in the repair of damaged collagen and elastin.
Blessed thistle extracts also have anti-bacterial activity. Research on blessed thistle
herb has demonstrated antibiotic properties for: 1) cnicin, 2) the essential oil, and 3) the
polyacetylenes contained in the herb. The essential oil has bacteriostatic action against
Staphylococcus aureus, S. faecalis, but not E. Coli. Research on blessed thistle has
demonstrated that cnicin has considerable activity for stimulating cellular regeneration,
detoxification and cleansing. The lignans arctiin and arctigenin, also found in burdock
seed, are also noted for this activity and are platelets activating factor (PAF) antagonists
and anti-HIV as well. Cnicin also has anti-inflammatory activity.
Continuing with this description: Active Ingredients: Blessed thistle herb and flowers
contain: Bitter substances of the sesquiterpen lactone type, probably occurring in
glycosidic form; the principal active ingredient (0.2-0.7%) of the not-too-old dried plant
material is a bitter tasting compound called cnicin, a sesquiterpene lactone or
germacranolide isolated all the way back in 1837. The seed contains lignan lactones,
such as trachelogenin, that also contribute to the bitterness of the drug. Lignans are
phyto-estrogen precursors for the key mammalian lignans: enterolactone and enterodiol
that are present in humans and animals. The plant also contains: up to 0.3% essential
oil which includes n-paraffin (C-9-C13), aromatic aldehydes (cinnamaldehyde,
benzaidehyde, cuminaldehyde); phenylpropanes; benzoic acid; monoterpenes
(citronellol, fenchone, p-cymene, citral, and others; and flavonoids. 16
Peter Holmes lists some of the chemical constituents and minerals as follows: Bitter
glycosides (cnicin), alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oil, tannins, sesquiterpone lactone,
resin, nicotinic acid, mucilage, minerals (including potassium, calcium, magnesium,
iodine).17
Blessed Thistle
Medicinal Qualities of Blessed Thistle

Blessed Thistle has an amazing variety of folk history, medicinal uses, and modern
applications. One of the first English descriptions of Blessed Thistle medicinal qualities
is John Gerard from 1633: As Carduus Benedictus is bitter, so is it also hot and dry in
the second degree, and also withal cleansing and opening. Blessed thistle taken in
meat or drink is good for the swimming and giddiness of the head; it strengthens the
memory and is a singular remedy against deafness. The same boiled in wine and drunk,
heals the griping pains of the belly, kills and expels worms, causes sweat, provokes
urine, and drives out gravel, cleanses the stomach; and is very good against the fourday fever.
The juice of the said Carduus is singular good against all poisons, as Heromenous
Boeke witnesses, in whatsoever the medicine is taken, and helps the inflammation of
the liver, as reported by Joachimus Camerorius of Noremberg. The powder of the
leaves ministered in the quantity of half a dram, is very good against the pestilence, if it
is received within 24 hours after the taking of the sickness, and the party sweat upon
the same: the like virtue has the wine, wherein the herb has been boiled. The green
herb pounded and laid to, is good against all hot swellings, as erysipelas, plague, sores
and botches, especially those that proceed of the pestilence, and is also good to be laid
upon the bites of mad dogs, serpents, spiders, or any venomous beast whatsoever; and
so is it likewise if it is taken inwardly. The distilled water thereof is of a less virtue.
Further added is, It is reported that it likewise cures stubborn and rebellious ulcers, if
the decoction is taken for certain days together, and likewise Arnoldus de Villanova
reports, that if it is stamped with Barrows grease to the form of an unguent, adding
thereto a little wheat flower, it does the same, being applied twice a day. The herb also
is good being stamped and applied, so is the juice.
The extraction of the leaves drawn, according to art, is excellent good against the
French disease, and quatrain agues, as reported of the aforesaid Camerarius.
The same author reports, that the distilled water taken with the water of Lovage and
Dodder, helps the sauce-flegme face, if it is drunk for certain days together.18
Bruno Vonarburg describes the uses, as a tea, it is useful for dyspeptic problems of
the gastro-intestinal tract, colon problems, to increase energy, for cramps of the livergallbladder area. It is useful for appetite disturbances, hyper and hypo-acidity (too little
or too much stomach acidity), and under activity of the pancreas, jaundice, blood
problems and sticking pains in the side.19 (I assume it is the liver or right side.)
The Flora website lists the traditional uses of Blessed Thistle: Aqueous extract of
whole, dried herb and flowers. Traditional usage: Acne, anorexia/appetite loss, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cellular regeneration, cleansing, detoxifying, digestive
disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, hormone imbalances, skin disorders.
Through its bitter properties, blessed thistle increases the flow of gastric juices relieving
dyspepsia, indigestion, and headaches associated with liver congestion. British and
German Pharmacopoeias recognize that bitters, including blessed thistle, stimulate bile
Blessed Thistle
flow and cleanse the liver. In Europe, blessed thistle, as a bitter vegetable drug is
considered to be a medicinal agent used to stimulate appetite, aid digestion and
promote health. Studies confirm that bitters increase gastric juice and bile acid
secretions by increasing the flow of saliva through stimulation of specific receptors on
the mucus membrane lining of the mouth.20
Dr. Fr. Losch talks about the uses of Blessed thistle: Powdered Blessed thistle of 2 to 4
grams in wine protects against the pestilence, poisons, and removes bad material out of
the stomach and kills worms, cleanse the chest and blood, calms colic, promotes
sweating, protects against the foul stomach fever, pains of the side, and inner wounds.
Blessed thistle taken in food and drink helps dizziness and severe headaches over the
eyes.21
Earl Mindell lists the folk uses of Blessed Thistle as, Amenorrhea, stimulates bile
production, liver disorders, sluggish appetite, improves circulation, stimulates memory,
resolves blood clots, stops bleeding, menstrual problems, and lowers fevers. 22
Stan Malstrom describes the uses of Blessed Thistle: For internal parasites; works well
for worms. Increases milk while nursing, balances hormones, and helps with cramps
and other female problems.23 Terry Willard, an eminent herbologist describes Blessed
thistle, Tonic, (cold), diaphoretic (hot), emmenagogue and emetic (in double or triple
doses).24 James Duke describes a newly researched use for Blessed thistle as having
anti-HIV activity.25
John Tobe describes the action of Blessed thistle as, Aleipharmic, anthelmintic. From
Thomas Green-Universal Herbal capable of curing the plague and other malignant
feveral disorders Useful for ointments externally.26 E.A. Muellers book Die Frau als
Hausrztin (Mother as the homes doctor) is used for gout, bladder stones, asthma. It is
also used for chronic colon disturbances, fever diseases, and seeds are extracted for
blood problems. 27
Schenenberger describes the traditional Swiss uses: The inner uses-the entire plant is
heart and stomach strengthening, is especially good for mucus congestion.
Inflammation and wounds of the stomach and colon. Also from lung mucus, liver
problems, jaundice, fevers, cancer like wounds, and weakness from chronic diarrhea,,
and constitutional weakness from the tea.28
Dieter Podlech recommend Blessed Thistle as Useful for loss of appetite, colon
problems. Useful for liver and gallbladder problems and increase bowel movement.29
Hugo Hertwig, from pre-world war II Germany from Berlin describes the inner and
outer uses of Blessed thistle works on the skin. The wound needs to be cleansed with
water and then the decoction can be put on. Blessed thistle uses are shown as skin
problems over the stomach, liver, kidneys to the lungs areas.30
M. Pahlow describes the uses of Blessed thistle: It stimulates the stomach acid,
improves the appetite, protects against colon problems. It stimulates bile production and
bile flow. It is useful for chronic stomach problems, and loss of appetite from nervous
Blessed Thistle
reasons. Traditional uses include stomach, gallbladder, liver and colon disturbances,
appetite loss, bloating, and constipation. It is also used for lung problems, blood
poisoning, heart disturbances, and externally for wounds.31
Richard Willfort describes internal and external uses of Blessed thistle: Used for colon
problems, gallbladder diseases, liver diseases, jaundice, and gastritis, dyspepsia, gas,
and bloatingAlso used for constipation, feverish diseases and sluggishness of the
gastrointestinal tracts, and weakness of the stomach operations. It also improves and
cleanses the blood, anemia. it improves the lung and heart. It is especially good for
coughs, catarrh; beginning lung inflammation, lung or heart asthma, heart weakness
that are connected with stomach or colon problems. Used externally as a damp warm
pack for breast cancer, poor healing wounds, frostbite, and skin lupus of the face. Folk
medicine uses include a wound powder, cancer therapy includes a decoction put on
breast cancer. It is also useful for cancer-like wounds of the colon and stomach. It
regulates excessive menstrual blood flow. It is useful as a nerve calmer. It is also helpful
for insomnia, hysteria, and nervous colon tract problems. The seed is used for side
pains, purgative, and to induce vomiting. He also discusses the homeopathic uses of
Blessed Thistle, known as Carduus Benedictus. In Europe, many natural practitioners
use a combination of several therapies to help the body heal. He says, Homeopathy
uses are for glandular diseases, scrofula, wounds, and mucus. 32
Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus compiled a very comprehensive list of the uses
of Blessed Thistle in various forms, known at that time. The next several paragraphs
pertain to his book, and there will only be one foot note to apply to all. Perhaps we have
more to learn today. I have translated this from German and this translation is the only
known English translation: The powder (of the herb or the seed), one teaspoon
consumed, produces sweating and drives the poison from the heart. It cleanses the
blood and kills worms. Used in such a way, is a protection against the pestilence, and
doesnt let the poison overrun you. The general person needs this powder against the
persistent fever and as prevention against it.
He further states, The powder consumed in warm wine causes sweating: others boiled
the herb in wine and drink therefrom, but it is a bitter drink (If you cant stand the taste
make pills.) Taken over a period of time protects against headaches, vertigo, floaters
before the eyes, jaundice, edema, and drives the excess dampness from the stomach
and uterus, calms the colon, gout, brightens the face, and sharpens the hearing, and
cleanses the lungs. This powder taken as one teaspoon, is used for quaternian (fourday) fever, and childrens rheumatic complaints and again, This herb is especially
good as a liver herb to alleviate constipation. those that have an open wound inside the
body should take blessed thistle, boiled in wine or water, and thus drunk, will help him.
The new Simplicisten as Matthiolus, Bokius, and others think that this will help migraine
headaches that appear above the eyes and sometimes cause vertigo. Use this in food
and drink.
External uses. Matthiolus writes that there is hardly another more precious herb for
cancer, and other foul wounds as blessed thistle. He relates that a woman with breast
Blessed Thistle
cancer wound open to the bone was healed by the herb (decocted) and it was used to
wash the open wound and the dry powder was put in.
Continuing, The flower of blessed thistle in open wounds heals them up and is often
protective. The leaves cut and laid upon, heals the pestilence. The leaves extinguish the
burn of the fire (such as the sting or bite of the scorpion or snake). Make a plaster of
pork fat and wheat paste with red wine ( and blessed thistle powder), lay it on foul
wounds.
Also, You can drive out stones and alleviate womens problems with a steam bath or
sweat bath. the leaves mixed with sweet wine, laid on the wound brings good relief.
Blessed Thistle distilled uses: D. Camerarius says that the distilled water of Blessed
Thistle distilled a second time is a special medicinal agent for deafness when it is put in
the ears. To treat headaches, soak a linen cloth in the distilled herb water and put on
the head. The same water put in the eyes relieves sore, red, itching eyes. One can also
remove eye spots by drinking the water and putting it in the corner of the eyes. It is also
used for dark and obscured eyes (cataracts). It also takes the pain from burns caused
by water or oil; put a cloth soaked with this water. It is also used for old foul wounds also
on the face of the female breasts, when washed soothes and furthers wound healing,
especially when your put the powder into the wound. This is also for post-birth wounds.
Blessed Thistle in wine: It is useful for all wounds. As with the distilled water, it is useful
for the pestilence, poison, headaches, vertigo, dirty blood, and many others. It provokes
sweating and menses, as well as urination. It is useful for side aches and sharp pains
when associated with wind causes (trapped gas), and drives out the foul stomach
fever.33
Gaea and Shandar Weiss describe Blessed Thistle, It is tonic, diaphoretic, emetic,
stimulant, and emmenagogic. Considered a tonic for the heart, it increases
circulation. Promotes perspiration, breaks fevers, increases milk in nursing mothers.
Blood purifier and a general tonic. In large amounts it induces vomiting, and is a general
stomach tonic. In medieval times, nervous system, treating melancholy, mental
agitation, and other nervous disorders with valerian, wood betony, and sage. The name
of holy thistle comes from its ability to keep people relaxed, calm peaceful. All thistles
are considered tonics for the liver. Blessed thistle is warming, drying, and used for liver
problems especially with alcohol. Blessed thistle is a tonic herb for the liver,
reproductive system and blood. It is a spleen cleanser.34
Emil Schlegel writes in his book Religion Der Arznei (Religion of the Healer) about the
doctrine of signatures. His rendition of the theme is not connected to astrological
themes but comes from earlier latin texts. He translates from J.B. Porta in his
Phytognomonica, octo libris contenta; in quibus nova facillimaque affertur methodus,
qua plantarum, animalium, metallorum; rerum d enique omnium ex prima extimae faciei
inspetione quivis abdiot vires assequatur. The reader will see an interesting and
thorough work where a portion that deals with blessed thistle I translated into English,
Plants that have a similarity with animal parts, have similar powers. The raspberry bush
is thorny and works against poisons, for example Carduus Benedictus, not just against
Blessed Thistle
10
snake bites, but against the rabid dog bite, and is effective also for scorpion, spider
bites, etc (pg 67)
Chapter 5. Of bitter tastes Myrrh, aloe, blessed thistle, gentian, wormwood, veronica,
etc. It has two wonderful qualities. It keeps the bowel clean and has a balsamic
character that prevents fermentation. It prevents and helps septic diseases such as
fevers, parasites, and lice. (pg 91) Chapter 8. Yellow blooms. They have a sympathy
with the gallbladder. It is the bile that removes the toxicity of the joints and body. (In fact
the coloring of the stool as well as urine comes from the bile.) Whenever I have a plant,
that has a yellow bloom, it removes toxicity from the body...yet a drawing taste, belongs
to the spleen and black bile, especially where the root is reddish or gray: Wormwood,
yellow iris, tormentil, blessed thistle, potentilla reptans, urginea maritima(pg 101)
Chapter 23. Special Forms of Leaves. All leaves that have thorns, have a pain relieving
energy (spiritum), it calms many kinds of puncture wounds of the body, but as the
signature shows, it is not an opiate, but has a sharp character. Blessed thistle alleviates
stabbing pan of the spleen and left side. Frauendistel (Milk Thistle), alleviates stabbing
pains of the neck. Eberwurz (Carline Thistle), relieves stabbing pains in pestilent
diseases. Mannestreu (Sea Holly), all stabbing pains in the empty spaces (of the body).
Wacholderschsslein (Juniper stems), for stabbing pains in the hips.
Stechpalmenbltler (Holly leaves), relieve stabbing pains of the joints. All leaves that
are long and thin are a sign of the spleen. Spitzwegerich (Plantain), Farnkrauter (Fern
herbs), Weidenblatter (Willow leaves), Blessed thistle. All leaves that have hairy leaves,
but are rough, have a power against corrosive inflammations of the arteriesblessed
thistle releases the heat of the arteries in the area of the spleen and the quartan (fourday) fevers (pg107-108)35
Dr. Christophers therapeutic action of Blessed thistle is, Tonic (cold), diaphoretic, (hot),
emetic (double or triple dosage), emmenagogue, stimulant, febrifuge, antiperiodic,
vulnerary. Blessed thistle is wonderful for nursing mothers, stimulating the production of
mothers milk. it is very useful in purifying the blood, aiding circulation, and for all liver
problems. As a tonic it strengthens the brain, heart, and stomach. Medicinal uses;
biliousness, chronic headaches, colds dropsy, dyspepsia, emesis, fractured bones
(poultice), heart problems, insanity, intermittent fevers, kidneys, liver, loss of appetite,
lungs, strengthens memory, menstrual disorders due to colds, painful menstruation,
mothers milk, purification of blood.36
Peter Holme puts the use of blessed thistle in Chinese therapeutic terms: Functions
and indications 1)Stimulates digestion, removes accumulations and relieves appetite
loss: reduces liver congestion and resolves mucous damp. Liver and stomach Qi
stagnation: appetite loss, painful digestion, depression, constipation, headache. Liver
congestion, jaundice. Intestines mucus damp (spleen damp): indigestion, gurgling
distended abdomen, alternating constipation and diarrhea. Chronic gastroenteritis. 2)
Promotes urination, relieves fluid congestion and relieves edema: resolves toxicosis and
promotes lactation. Liver fluid congestion: edema from waist down, nausea. Kidney Qi
Blessed Thistle
11
stagnation: headaches, dry skin, poor appetite, intermittent pains. General toxicosis with
rheumatism, arthritis, gout. Poor vision, Scanty or poor quality breast milk. 3) Promotes
sweating, dispels wind cold and reduces fever: promotes eruptions. External wind cold:
feverishness, fatigue, aching. Cold and flue onset. Eruptive fevers: measles,
chickenpox, etc. Remittent fevers (Shao Yang stage) including malaria. Head damp
cold: sinus congestion, dizziness, heavy head. 4) Promotes expectoration, resolves
viscous phlegm and relieves coughing. Lung phlegm damp: full cough, wheezing,
coughing up thick viscous phlegm. Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma. 5) Restores
the nerves, promotes clear thinking and relieves depression and fatigue. Nerve and
brain deficiency: dull thinking memory loss, dizziness, poor hearing, tinnitus, nervous
depression. Exhaustion or debility due to overwork, illness, chronic stress. 6) Promotes
tissue repair, antidotes poison and reduces tumors. Slow- healing wounds, sores,
internal ulcers. Tumors, cancer. Stings, bites, chilblains.37
Based upon the previous lists of uses for Blessed thistle from historic, herbal, and folk
medicine uses, the top remedy uses are for wounds(15), liver problems (14), fevers,
(13), stomach problems (13), colon problems (10), blood problems(10), and appetite
disturbances (10).
The next several uses are for headaches (9), lungs (8), heart (7), emetic (6), menstrual
problems (6), sweating (6), and parasite problems (6). Other uses of blessed thistle call
for pestilence (5), poisons(5), bites (4), cancer (4), constipation (4), deafness (4),
depression (4), dizziness (4), dyspeptic problems, jaundice (5), gallbladder problems
(4), memory (4), milk production, (4), nervous disorders (4), and side pains (4).
As from the above sources, this next part is a comprehensive list of disorders treated by
blessed thistle: Acne, agitation, alexipharmic, amenorrhea, anemia, anorexia, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-periodic, appetite disturbances, bile stimulant, bites,
bitter, bladder stones, bleeding, bloating, blood clots, blood problems, botches, bowel
movements, brain, breast cancer, bronchitis, burns, cancer, catarrh, cataracts, cellular
regeneration, chilblains, chickenpox, circulation, cleansing, colds, colic, colon problems,
constipation, coughs, cramps, deafness, depression, detoxification, diarrhea,
diaphoretic, edema, emetic, energy, erysipelas, exhaustion, expectoration, eye
problems, fatigue, fevers, flu, fractured bones, French disease, frostbite, gallbladder
problems, gas, gastritis, hyper-acidity, hypo-acidity, indigestion, inflammation, insanity,
jaundice, kidney, lice, liver, lungs, lupus, malaria, measles, memory, menses problems,
migraines, milk production, mucus damp, mucus congestion, nausea, nervous system,
pancreas, pestilence, plague, poison, purgative, quatrain agues, relaxant, reproductive
system, rheumatism, septic diseases, side pains, sinus congestion, skin disorders,
sores, spleen, sticking pains, stimulant, stomach problems, stones, stress, sweating,
swellings, tonic, toxicity, tumors, ulcers, uterine problems, and urination problems. Thus,
Blessed Thistle has a vast array of historical uses.
Blessed Thistle
12
Contra-indications for Blessed Thistle

There are few contra-indications of Blessed Thistle. Its uses date back several hundred
years and its historical safety has been verified. Dr. Christopher doesnt mention any
contra-indications but different uses. A larger dose of the warm infusion causes emesis
(vomiting) when found useful.38 Dr Schlegel in his translation of the Doctrine of
Signatures says When used in excess, they dry the joints and sperm, damage them,
and disturb the digestion.39 This he talks of bitter herbs in general. Richard Will fort
claims It is not to be used in cases of kidney inflammation of nephritis.40 I have always
recommended not to be used during pregnancy to be safe.
Known Herbal Formulas using Blessed Thistle

I have found over fifty formulas where Blessed thistle has been used. Most of the
sources are from Germany where it is successfully employed. These formulas cover
sixteen categories that follow: Circulation, cramps, diabetes, digestion, energy, female
problems, fevers, frostbite, gout, headaches, hemorrhoids, liver, lungs, nerves, side
pains, and thyroid problems.
CIRCULATION - High Cholesterol Formula41
20 grams valerian
20 grams blackberry leaves
20 grams veronica
10 grams red raspberry leaves
10 grams blessed thistle
10 grams lavender flowers
20 grams rue
10 grams centaury
Take one teaspoon of this herb mixture and steep for 10 minutes, strain and add honey.
Drink 2 to 3 cups a day for 1 to 2 weeks.
High Cholesterol Formula42
15 grams steinruechere
20 grams ladys mantle
20 grams dandelion root
10 grams masterwort
5 grams five finger herb
Take one teaspoon of the herb mixture in a cup of hot water and steep for 5 minutes.
Drink 1 cup morning and evening for 2 to 3 weeks.
Blessed Thistle
13
High Cholesterol43
10 grams masterwort
10 grams elder flowers
Instructions as above.
Heart Asthma44
20 grams sweet woodruff
20 grams melissa
20 grams sternlekraut
Take 1 teaspoon of the formula per cup. Put in water, bring to a boil and then let steep.
Drink 1 cup morning and evening.
Calf Cramps45
10 grams st. johns wort
20 grams lavender flowers
15 grams melissa
5 grams poppy seeds
20 grams thyme
10 grams cleavers
Take one teaspoon of herb mixture and steep for 10 minutes. Drink a cup 3 times a day.
Diabetes46
30 grams blueberry leaves
10 grams cleavers
1 tsp herb per cup of water; cook 7 minutes-drink slowly morn/evening for 2 to 3 weeks.
Appetite Loss47
10 grams menyanthes trifolia
10 grams bitter orange peel
10 grams centaury
10 grams wormwood
Take 1 heaping teaspoon herbs; brew for 10 minutes. Use 3 times a day before meals.
Blessed Thistle
14
Appetite Loss48
10 grams red clover
10 grams peppermint
10 grams bitter orange peel
15 grams centaury
5 grams wormwood
Colon Catarrh49
10 grams red clover
10 grams gentian
10 grams calamus
10 grams sage
10 grams centaury
10 grams wormwood
Use one teaspoon in a cup of water and brew for 10 minutes. Drink 2 to 3 cups slowly
and warm.
Constipation50
10 grams berberis root
10 grams calendula flowers
Use 1 teaspoon in a cup of hot water and steep for 10 minutes. Sip a cup mornings or
evenings.
Hyper-acidity (excess stomach acid)51
30 grams valerian
30 grams blessed thistle flowers
30 grams angelica root
Take one teaspoon of the herb mixture and steep in 1 cup of water for 10 minutes. Drink
one cup before each meal.
Low Stomach Acid (Alcohol extract)52
30 grams blessed thistle flowers
30 grams calamus
30 grams papaya seeds
20 grams rhubarb root
Put herbs in 1 liter of dry white wine and 200 grams of 70% alcohol. Let it extract for 10
days and drink a small amount before each meal.
Blessed Thistle
15
Stomach Acid low, weakness, achylie53

10 grams anise
10 grams valerian
10 grams gentian
10 grams calamus
10 grams centaury
10 grams wormwood
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb mixture and steep 10 minutes in a cup of water. Take cup
hot before meals.
Stomach lining inflammation54
10 grams red clover
10 grams gentian
10 grams calamus
10 grams peppermint
10 grams centaury
20 grams wormwood
Steep 1 teaspoon herbs in a cup of water. Take 15 minutes prior to mealtimes, take hot.
Stomach Mucus55
10 grams elecampane
15 grams red clover
10 grams centaury
15 grams gentian
15 grams calamus
10 grams peppermint
15 grams plantain
One teaspoon of the mixed herb and cook for 15 minutes. Sip one cup mornings and
evenings.
Stomach weakness and nausea56
20 grams anise
10 grams yarrow
15 grams angelica
10 grams gentian
20 grams wormwood
One teaspoon of the mixed herb and cook for 15 minutes. Sip one cup mornings and
evenings.
Blessed Thistle
16
Energy57
10 grams chicory root
20 grams yarrow
20 grams rhubarb
15 grams plantain
15 grams thyme
Take one teaspoon of the herb mixture in 1 cup of water, cooked for 5 minutes and
steeped for 5 more minutes. Drink 2 to 3 cups between meals.
Exhaustion, Neruasthenia, Vegatitive Dystonia58
20 grams lavender flower
15 grams melissa
5 grams poppy seeds
20 grams thyme
10 grams sweet woodruff
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb mixture and steep 10 minutes in a cup of water. Drink 3
cups a day, hot.
Female Complaints59
1 part blessed thistle
2 parts squawvine
Used similar to the female corrective formula.
Female Corrective Formula60
3 parts goldenseal root
1 part cayenne
1 part cramp bark
1 part false unicorn root
1 part ginger
1 part red raspberry leaves
1 part squawvine
1 part uva ursi
Recommended one cup or 2 capsules or 30 to 60 drops of glycerin-based extract three
times a day. Use for 6 days a week, 90-120 days.
Blessed Thistle
Female Formula (Dr. Samuel Westcot)61

1 part ginger
Used for puberty transition. Use as female corrective formula.
Menopause62
10 grams shepherds purse
20 grams melissa
10 grams rosemary
10 grams dead nettle
Use 1 teaspoon of this mixture in a cup of water, cook 2 minutes and steep for 5 more
minutes. Drink warm twice a day.
Menopause (Changease)63
1 part black Cohosh
1 part sarsaparilla
1 part ginseng
1 part licorice
1 part false unicorn
1 part squawvine
Directions are for peri-menopausal women or menopausal women. Use as in female
corrective formula.
Menstrual Cramps (Ginger Formula)64
1 part ginger
1 part cramp bark
Used similar to female corrective formula.
Mothers Milk Supply65
1 part marshmallow root
Use as female corrective formula.
17
Blessed Thistle
18
Prenatal Formula66
1 part squawvine
1 part black Cohosh
1 part pennyroyal
1 part false unicorn
1 part raspberry leaves
1 part lobelia
Using this tea (or two or three capsules) morning and evening aids in giving elasticity to
the pelvic area and strengthening reproductive organs for easier delivery. This should
be used only the last 6 weeks before birth as follows: 1 capsule per day first week, 2
capsules per day the second week, 2 capsules 3 times a day from the third week on.
Weak or irregular periods due to a cold or flu67
10 grams rue
20 grams horehound
15 grams gentian
10 grams akazien
steeped for 5 more minutes. Drink 2 to 3 cups a day over an extended period of time.
White vaginal discharge68
10 grams white clover
10 grams yellow pimpernel
steeped for 5 more minutes. Drink 1 cup three times a day.
Womens diseases69
10 grams chamomile
10 grams thyme
10 grams fennel
5 grams wormwood
Used for pelvic problems, irregular periods and painful periods. Take 1 teaspoon of the
mixture and cook for 5 minutes. Take 2 to 3 cups a day for an extended period. Best
taken sipped all day long.
Blessed Thistle
19
Frostbite70
40 grams lycopodium
20 grams fenugreek seed
20 grams johnny jumpup
Use one teaspoon of the herb mixture and steep for 10 minutes and drink 1 cup a day.
Fever Reducer71
30 grams blessed thistle flower
10 grams buchu leaves
20 grams shavegrass
30 grams ladys mantle flowers
20 grams yarrow
30 grams quinine bark
10 grams gentian
30 grams orange flower
30 grams centaury
Use one teaspoon of the mixture with liter boiling water and steep for 10 minutes.
Use cup between meal times.
Changeable Fever72
5 grams valerian
15 grams pelitory
15 grams wormwood
10 grams shavegrass
10 grams fumaria
5 grams rue
5 grams chelidonium
Take 1 teaspoon of the mixture and cook for 5 minutes. Drink 2 to 3 cups per day. Keep
the patient warm.
High Fever73
20 grams meadowsweet
10 grams weihwedel
Take 1 teaspoon of the mixture and steep in 1 cup water for 5 minutes. Drink 2 to 3
cups a day. Keep the patient warm.
Blessed Thistle
20
The Flu74
20 grams silbermaenteli
30 grams linden flowers
25 grams holly leaves
30 grams fennel
20 grams primula
10 grams schliessgraswurzel
10 grams peppermint
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb per cup or water, and cook for 10 minutes. Drink 4-5 cups
daily.
Flu75
20 grams senna leaves
20 grams ritze
10 grams peppermint
30 grams schliessgraswurzel
20 grams silbermaenteli
10 grams primula
10 grams st. eicheruechere
Use same as above.
Flu, Sweat provoking76
5 grams quinine
15 grams elder flowers
15 grams linden flowers
15 grams peppermint
15 grams viola odorata
15 grams juniper berries
Take a teaspoon of the herb mix and steep for 5 minutes.
Gout77
40 grams strawberry root
20 grams ginster seeds
20 grams celery seed
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb per cup or water, and steep for 10 minutes. Use a cup 2 to 3
times a day.
Blessed Thistle
21
Gout
20 grams valerian
10 grams birch leaf
15 grams veronica
10 grams gentian
15 grams ground ivy
10 grams rest harrow
15 grams calamus
15 grams wormwood
Gout
20 grams valerian
15 grams comfrey root
15 grams birch leaf
15 grams germander
10 grams rest harrow
15 grams willow bark
Headache with high blood pressure78
20 grams hops
30 grams mistletoe
30 grams willow leaves
20 grams hawthorn flowers
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb per cup or water, and steep for 10 minutes. Take 1 cup hot
2 to 3 times a day.
Headache79
20 grams centaury
10 grams viola odorata
10 grams shavegrass
20 grams peppermint
20 grams melissa
Brew 1 teaspoon of the herb mixture for 5 minutes and drink 1 cup lukewarm before bed
or in the evenings.
Blessed Thistle
Heart Weakness80
20 grams melissa
20 grams mullein
Brew and steep. Drink cold in the evening or before bed.
Hemorrhoids81
30 grams shepherds purse
10 grams valerian
10 grams shavegrass
Use as a poultice.
Gallstones82
15 grams turmeric
15 grams milk thistle seed
15 grams peppermint
15 grams senna leaf
15 grams johny jumpup
15 grams centaury
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb per cup or water, and steep for 10 minutes. Take a cup as
needed.
Liver Function Weakness83
10 grams horehound
5 grams barberry
5 grams red clover
5 grams angelica
10 grams buckthorn
5 grams ground ivy
10 grams calamus root
10 grams burdock root
10 grams agrimony
10 grams peppermint
20 grams yarrow
10 grams centaury
10 grams chicory
Use 1 teaspoon of the herb per cup or water, and steep for 10 minutes.
22
Blessed Thistle
23
Liver Inflammation84
10 grams calamus root
10 grams burdock root
10 grams agrimony
10 grams peppermint
10 grams yarrow
10 grams centaury
10 grams black walnut leaves
10 grams chicory
1 tsp. herb mixture in a cup of water. Boil 15 minutes and sip a cup morning and night.
Liver Problems85
20 grams wood betony
10 grams horehound
20 grams fennel
20 grams chelidonium
20 grams centaury
10 grams watercress
1 tsp herbs per cup of water; boil 7 minutes. Drink 1 cup slowly mornings and evenings.
Lung cleansing86
15 grams watercress
20 grams sanicle
15 grams masterwort
One teaspoon of the herbs per cup of water and boil for 7 minutes. Drink 1 cup slowly
mornings and evenings. Use for 2 or 3 weeks.
Whooping Cough87
10 grams horehound
10 grams anise
10 grams ivy
10 grams coltsfoot
10 grams chestnut leaves
10 grams rhoeas poppy
10 grams polygala amara
10 grams lungwort
1 tsp. herb per cup of water; steep 10 minutes. Drink a cup several times a day.
Blessed Thistle
24
Nerve Weakness and Nervousness88

15 grams melissa
20 grams red clover
15 grams wood betony
steeped for 5 more minutes. Drink one cup before bed.
Side Pains89
15 grams fennel
30 grams coltsfoot
10 grams elderberry
20 grams melilotis
Brew 1 teaspoon of the herb mixture, per cup of water, for 5 minutes and drink 2 to 3
cups hot, over the course of a day. it is best sipped throughout the day.
Sweat inducing90
10 grams angelica
10 grams arnica
10 grams primula
10 grams rhododendron
10 grams valerian
10 grams masterwort
10 grams coltsfoot
Brew 1 teaspoon of the herb mixture, per cup of water, for 4 minutes. Give the patient 2
to 3 cups hot, and keep them warm.
Syphilis91
20 grams walnut leaves
15 grams johnny jumpup
10 grams basil
10 grams chelidonium
Boil one teaspoon, per cup of water, for 15 minutes and steep for 10 more minutes and
drink slowly through the day.
Blessed Thistle
25
Thyroid (Hypothyroid)92
20 grams horehound
20 grams valerian
10 grams kelp
10 grams scrophularia nodosa
20 grams shavegrass
10 grams gentian
10 grams ginsterkraut
20 grams cleavers
10 grams dandelion leaf and root
Use 1 teaspoon of herb mixture in one cup or hot water and steep for 10 minutes. Use
one cup drunk slowly over the day.
Dosages and Applications of Blessed Thistle

The dosage is to 1 teaspoon of the fluid extract. Use teacup 3 times daily. Use 5 to
20 drops of tincture at a time.93 Bruno Vonarburg related of a French doctor creating a
Vinum Cardui benedicti, or a blessed thistle wine after observing workers, processing
the plant having better digestion.94 A Swiss herb book describes the tincture of blessed
thistle as The tincture can be made in old red wine of the dried herb, left 10 to 14 days
in the warm sun or another warm place. Use the tincture 2 to 3 times in a small amount
of water or on a sugar cube of 7-10 drops.95 Dr Fr. Losch uses the distilled water in the
ears for deafness.96
Personal Experience with Blessed Thistle

Ive been a natural practitioner for over 10 years and have used blessed thistle
frequently with clients. I use it with clients that have hormonal disturbances. The women
are generally under 49 years of age and have heavy menstrual bleeding, heavy
cramping, or irregular periods. It is especially useful where the PMS symptoms of the
woman are anger and irritability. Several women have used it successfully to increase
fertility. I rarely see any side effects. Most women are happy to report less pain,
cramping, and PMS symptoms. Ive suggested the use of blessed thistle with several
thousands of my female clients, and havent see a store return yet. I have also used it to
enrich the milk supply in nursing women.
Blessed Thistle
26
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Translations by David Card, into English (only in this paper).
Christopher, John R. School of Natural Healing, (eleventh printing), Springville, Utah:
Christopher Publications, 1996.
Duke, James A. The Green Pharmacy, Emmons, Pennsylvania: Rodale Press, 1997.
Flora, www.florahealth.com (Online herbal and supplemental encyclopedia/Blessed
Thistle), 04/15/05.
Gerard, John. The Herbal or General History of Plants (1633 edition), New York: Dover
Publications, 1975.
Hertwig, Hugo. Gesund durch Heil pflanzen, Berlin: Verlag fr Kulturpolitik, 1935.
Holmes, Peter. The Energetics of Western Herbs, Berkeley, California: Natt Trop
Publishing, 1993.
Losch, Fr. Kraeuterbuch (7th edition), Esslingen, Germany:Verlag T.F. Schreiber,
(1935).
Malstrom, Stan. Own your own Body: Bell Press, 1977.
Mindell, Earl. Earl Mindells Herb Bible, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
Mueller, E.A. Die Frau als Hausrztin, Stuttgart: Sddeutsches Verlags, 1962.
Pahlow, M. Das Grosse Buch der Heil Pflanzen, Germany: Grfe und Unzer, 1993.
Podlech, Dieter. GU Naturfhrer Heil Pflanzen, Germany: Graefe and Unzer, 1997.
Schauenberg, Paul, and Ferdinand Paris. Guide to Medicinal Plants, New Canaan,
Connecticut: Keats Publishing, Inc., 1977.
Schlegel, Emil. Religion der Arznei (4th edition), Radebeul/Dresden:Verlag Paul
Rohrmoser, 1933.
Schnenberger, Kruterhaus. Unsere Schweizer Heilkruter, Switzerland, 1900s.
Starck, Marcia. Healing with Astrology, Freedom California: Crossing Press, 1997.
Tabernaemontauus, Jacobus Theodorus. Kraeuterbuch (reprint), Offenbach am Main:
Verlag Johann Ludwig Konigs Buchhaudler, 1731.
Tagen, Kranken. Selbsthilfe in Gesunden und, Berne: Verlag Kirma Kramer, Grotten
and Schrapf, 1927.
Tobe, John H. Proven Herbal Remedies: Provoker Press, 1969.
Vonarburg, Bruno. Homeotanik Bluetenreicher Sommer, Heidelberg, Germany: Karl R.
Haug Verlag, 1999.
Weiss, Gaea and Shaudor. Growing and Using the Healing Herbs, New York: Wing
Books, 1992.
Willard, Terry. Textbook of Modern Herbology (2nd Revised Edition), Calgary, Alberta:
Wild Rose College of Natural Healing, Ltd. 1995.
Willfort, Richard. Gesundehit durch Heilkraeuter, Linz: Rudolf Trauner Verlag, 1982.
Zeller, Alfred P. Die Natuerliche Haus Apotheke, Oldenburg: Pamir Verlag, 1982.
1
Vonarburg, Homeotanik Bluetanreicher Sommer, 257.

3
Flora, www.florahealth.com (Online herbal and supplemental encyclopedia/Blessed Thistle), 04/15/05.
4
Tabernaemontanus, Kraterbuch, 1068.
5
Gerard, The Herbal or General history of Plants, 1170.
6
Weiss, Growing and Using the Healing Herbs, 159.
2
Blessed Thistle

9
Christopher, School of Natural Healing, 313.
10
Schauenberg, Guide to Medicinal Plants, 181.
11
Tabernaemontanus, Kraterbuch, 1066.
12
Willfort, Richard. Gesundehit durch Heilkraeuter, 95.
13
Pahlow, M. Das Grosse Buch der heil Pflanzen, 183.
14
15
Vonarburg, Bruno. Homeotanik Bluetenreicher Sommer, 259.
16
17
Holmes, Peter. The Energetics of Western Herbs, Berkeley, 381.
18
Gerard, John. The Herbal or General History of Plants, 1170-1172.
19
20
21
Losch, Fr. Kraeuterbuch (7th edition), 158.
22
Mindell, Earl. Earl Mindells Herb Bible, 54-55.
23
Malstrom, Stan. Own your own Body, 81.
24
Willard, Terry. Textbook of Modern Herbology 108.
25
Duke, James A. The Green Pharmacy, 269.
26
Tobe, John H. Proven Herbal Remedies, 118.
27
Mueller, E.A. Die Frau als Hausrztin, 706.
28
Schnenberger, Kruterhaus. Unsere Schweizer Heilkruter, 27.
29
Podlech, Dieter. GU Naturfhrer Heil Pflanzen, 75.
30
Hertwig, Hugo. Gesund durch Heil Pflanzen, 132.
31
Pahlow, M. Das Grosse Buch der heil Pflanzen, 183.
32
Willfort, Richard. Gesundehit durch Heilkraeuter, 95-97.
33
Tabernaemontanus, Kraterbuch, 1066-1068.
34
Weiss, Growing and Using the Healing Herbs, 24.
35
Schlegel, Emil. Religion der Arznei, (each paragraph has new page number) 67, 91, 101, 107-108.
36
Christopher, John R. School of Natural Healing, 497-498.
37
Holmes, Peter. The Energetics of Western Herbs, 381-382.
38
39
Schlegel, Emil. Religion der Arzne, 91.
40
Willfort, Richard. Gesundehit durch Heilkraeuter, 97.
41
Zeller, Alfred P. Die Natuerliche Haus Apotheke, 355.
42
Tagen, Kranken. Selbsthilfe in Gesunden und, 505.
43
44
45
Zeller, Alfred P. Die Natuerliche Haus Apotheke 638.
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Willard, Terry. Textbook of Modern Herbology, 233.
60
61
8
27
Blessed Thistle
62

64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Zeller, Alfred P. Die Natuerliche Haus Apotheke, 450(all three gout remedies).
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Vonarburg, Bruno. Homeotanik Bluetenreicher Sommer, 259.
95
Schnenberger, Kruterhaus. Unsere Schweizer Heilkruter, 27.
96
Losch, Fr. Kraeuterbuch (7th edition), 158.
63
28

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Blessed Thistle

People Helping People Live Healthier Lives through Natural Healing

Blessed Thistle Table of Contents

History of Blessed Thistle

Location of Blessed Thistle

Chemical constituents of Blessed Thistle

Medicinal qualities of Blessed Thistle

Contra-indications for Blessed Thistle

Known herbal formulas using Blessed Thistle

Dosages and applications for Blessed Thistle

Personal Experience with Blessed Thistle

History of Blessed Thistle

Location of Blessed Thistle

Chemical Constituents of Blessed Thistle

Medicinal Qualities of Blessed Thistle

Contra-indications for Blessed Thistle

Known Herbal Formulas using Blessed Thistle

Stomach Acid low, weakness, achylie53

Female Formula (Dr. Samuel Westcot)61

Nerve Weakness and Nervousness88

Dosages and Applications of Blessed Thistle

Personal Experience with Blessed Thistle

Vonarburg, Homeotanik Bluetanreicher Sommer, 257.

Vonarburg, Homeotanik Bluetanreicher Sommer, 258.

Tagen, Kranken. Selbsthilfe in Gesunden und, 534.

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