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FRANCISCODEMIRANDA
PROGRAMADEINGENIERIAQUIMICA
APRENDIZAJEDIALOGICOINTERACTIVO
OPERACIONESUNITARIASI
TABLAS Y GRAFICOS
PROPIEDADES DE LOS FLUIDOS
FACILITADOR:Prof.Ing.MahuliA.GonzlezG.
TABLASDECONVERSIN
Valor numrico
1.9872
1.9872
82.057
83 14.34
82.057 x 1
83 14.34
10.73 1
0.7302
1545.3
83 14.34
A.l-3. Longitud
1 pulg. = 2.540 cm
100 cm = 1 m
3 de 53
4 de 53
1 J = 1 N . m = 1 kg *m*,@
1 kg . m*/s* = 1 J ($wBe) = 10 g 0 cm% (er&
1 btu = 1055.06 J = B.05506 kJ
1 btu = 252.16 cal ~t~~~q~~~~~~~
1 kcal (t~~~~~~~~~~~~
= B
1 cal (termoqumica) = 4.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5 de 53
btdlb, . F = 4.1
Jkg *
btdlb, . F = 1.000 Cxnlig * T
btdlb, = 2324.0 Jkg
6 de 53
346
length
mass
time
electric current
temperature
luminous intensity
amount of substance
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
candela
mole
m
kg
s
A
K
cd
mol
Table D-2
Supplementary Units of SI
plane angle
solid angle
radian
steradian
rad
sr
Table D-3
Some Derived Units Expressed in Terms of Base and
Supplementary Units
acceleration
angular acceleration
area
coefficient of linear expansion
density
kinematic viscosity
mass flow rate
molar mass
specific volume
velocity
volume
m/s2
rad/s2
m2
1/k
kg/m3
m2 /s
kg/s
kg/mol
m3 /kg
m/s
m3
7 de 53
347
Table D-4
Some Derived Units Having Special Names
force
pressure
stress
energy
work
quantity of heat
radiant energy
power
radiant flux
potential difference
electromotive force
electric potential
newton
N
pascal
Pa
joule
J
watt
W
volt
V
1N
= 1 kgm/s2
1Pa = 1N/m2
1J
= 1Nm
1W = 1 J/s
1V
= 1 W/A
= 1 kg ms
= 1kgm2 /s2
= 1kgm2 s3
=1 kgm2 /As3
Table D-5
Some Derived Units Expressed in Terms of Other
Derived Units
dynamic viscosity
entropy
heat capacity
heat flux density
molar energy
molar entropy
molar heat capacity
moment of force
radiant intensity
specific energy
specific entropy
specific heat capacity
specific latent heat
surface tension
torque
Pas
J/K
J/K
W/m2
J/mol
J/molK
J/molK
Nm
W/sr
J/kg
J/kgK
J/kgK
J/kg
N/m
Nm
= kg/ms
= kgm2 s2 K
= kgm2 /s2 K
= kg/s3
= kgm2 /s2 mol
= kgm2 /K mol
= kgm2 /s2 Kmol
= kgm2 /s2
= kgm2 /s3 sr
= m2 /s2
= m2 s2 K
= m2 /s2 K
= m2 /s2
= kg/s2
= kgm2 /s2
8 de 53
348
Table D-6
Some SI Prexes
109
106
103
102
10
101
102
103
106
109
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deka
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
Table D-7
Imperial, Metric, and SI Units Conversion Factors Length
mm
cm
*1
*0.1
*10
in.
ft
yd
km
mile
*103
*1
0.393701
0.032808
0.010936
*0.01
* 25.4
*2.54
*1
0.083333
0.027778
*0.0254
*304.8
*30.48
*12
*1
0.333333
*914.4
*91.44
*36
*3
*1
*1000
*100
39.3701
3.28084
1.09361
*1
*103
6.214104
*106
*100000
39370.1
3280.84
1093.61
*1000
*1
0.621371
1.60934106 160934
*63360
*5280
*1760
1609.34
1.60934
*1
9 de 53
0.01
6.4516
929
8361
10000
100
645.16
92903
836127
106
1 acre = 100 m2 .
cm2
mm2
1550
1296
144
1.196
4840
11960
1.196106
3.0976106
43560
107639
1.0764107
2.7878107
10.764
0.1111
7.716104
6.944103
1
1
1.196104
1.076103
0.1550
1.196106
1.076105
1.550103
yd2
ft2
in2
2.590106
106
10000
4047
0.8361
0.09290
6.452104
104
106
m2
Area
104
2.471104
640
247.1
2.471
259.0
100
0.4047
8.361105
2.066104
9.29106
(hectare)
hg
2.30105
acre
2.590
0.386
3.861103
1.562103
0.4047103
0.01
3.861107
3.228107
3.587108
mile2
106
8.361107
9.29108
km2
10 de 53
46656
16.39
103
3785
4546
2.832104
16387
106
3.785106
4.546106
2.832107
7.6456108 7.6453105
61024
277.4
231.0
61.026
yd3
106
109
m3
103
764.53
28.32
4.546
3.785
264.2
202.0
7.4805
1.201
0.2642
220.0
168.2
6.229
0.8327
0.2200
35.31
27
0.1605
0.1337
0.03532
103
1.308
0.03704
0.76456
0.02832
5.946103 4.546103
4.951103 3.785103
1.308103
ft3
103
UK gal
US gal
106
*l
*1l = 1.000028 dm3 and 1 ml = 1.000028 cm3 according to the 1901 definition of the liter.
106
1728
103
109
6.1024105
103
1
0.061026
in3
*ml
mm3
Volume
350
Valve Selection Handbook
11 de 53
ml/s
0.2778
1.263
11.57
16.67
75.77
277.8
471.9
1000
2.832104
5.261104
1106
litres/h
3.6
4.546
41.67
60
272.8
1000
1699
3600
1.019105
1.854105
3.6106
5.64104
4546
2446
86.40
40.78
24
6.547
1.44
0.1091
0.08640
0.024
m3 /d
6104
3157
1699
60
28.31
16.67
4.546
0.6944
0.07577
0.0600
0.01667
l/min
2.119103
2.676103
3.6103
4.546103
3600
189.4
101.9
3.6
1.699
0.2728
0.0600
2119
111.5
60
2.119
0.5886
0.1605
0.03531
0.02452
5.886104
1103
0.04167
Ft3 /min
m3 /h
l/s
1000
52.61
28.32
0.4719
0.2778
0.07577
0.01667
0.01157
1.263103
1103
2.778104
1.667105
7.577105
2.778104
5.886104
2.676103
9.810103
35.31
1.858
0.03531
0.05261
0.02832
1103
4.719104
1.157105
4.087104
0.01667
1.263106
1106
2.778107
m3 /s
4.460105
3.532105
9.810106
ft3 /s
12 de 53
352
Mass
g
oz
lb
kg
0.035274 2.2046103
cwt
US ton
(short ton)
t
(tonne)
UK ton
103
28.3495
0.0625
0.028350
453.592
16
103
35.2740
2.20462
0.019684
1.1023103
103
9.8421104
50802.3
1792
112
50.8023
0.056
0.05080
0.05
907185
32000
2000
907.185
17.8571
0.907185
0.892857
106
35273.9
2204.62
1000
19.6841
1.10231
0.984207
1.01605106
35840
2240
1016.05
20
1.12
1.01605
0.453592 8.9286103
5.00104
4.5359104 4.4643104
kg/h
g/s
lb/min
lb/s
kg/s
6.990105
3.171105
0.2516
0.1142
0.03171
4.194103
0.2557
0.1160
0.03222
4.262103
7.103105
3.221105
0.4536
0.1260
0.01667
2.778104
1.260104
2.205
0.2778
0.03674
6.124104
2.778104
7.937
3.6
0.1323
2.205103
1103
60
27.216
7.560
1.667102
7.56103
91.86
41.67
11.57
1.531
0.02551
0.01157
93.33
42.34
11.76
1.556
0.02593
0.01176
2205
1000
277.8
36.74
0.6124
0.2778
2240
1016
282.2
37.33
0.6222
0.2822
3600
1633
453.6
60
0.4536
7937
3600
1000
132.3
2.205
13 de 53
353
Density (Mass/Volume)
kg/m3
lb/ft3
lb/in3
g/cm3
0.062428
3.8046105
103
16.0185
5.7870104
0.0160185
99.776
6.22884
3.6046103
0.099776
1000
62.4280
0.036127
1328.94
82.9630
0.048011
1.32894
27679.9
1728
27.6799
Velocity
mm/s ft/min
cm/s
km/h
ft/s
mile/h
m/s
km/s
*1
0.19685
*0.1
*3.6103
3.281103
2.237103
*103
*106
*5.08
*1
*0.508
0.018288
0.016667
0.01136
*5.08103
*5.08106
*10
1.9685
*1
*0.036
0.032808
0.022369
*0.01
*105
277.778
54.6806
27.7778
*1
0.911344
0.621371
0.277778
2.778104
*304.8
*60
*30.48
*1.09728
*1
0.681818
*0.3048
*3.048104
*447.04
*88
*44.704
*1.609344
1.46667
*1
*0.44704
*4.470104
*1000
196.850
*100
*3.6
3.28084
2.23694
*1
*103
*106
196850
*100000
*3600
3280.84
2236.94
*103
*1
14 de 53
354
mm4
cm4
in4
ft4
m4
104
2.4025106
1.1591010
1012
10000
0.024025
1.159106
108
416231
41.623
4.8225105
4.1623107
8.631109
863097
20736
8.6310103
1012
108
2.4025106
115.86
Force
pdl
lbf
kgf
kN
0.1383
0.0311
0.0141
1.383104
7.233
0.2248
0.1020
103
32.174
4.448
0.4536
4.448103
70.93
9.807
2.2046
9.807103
7233
1000
224.8
102.0
72070
9964
2240
1016
9.964
lbf in
Nm
lbf ft
kgf m
0.3730
0.04214
0.03108
4.297103
2.681
0.1130
0.08333
0.01152
23.73
8.851
0.7376
0.1020
32.17
12
1.356
0.1383
232.7
86.80
9.807
7.233
6006
2240
253.1
186.7
25.81
72070
26880
3037
2240
309.7
15 de 53
0.100
1.488
47.88
1000
6895
10
14.88
478.8
1104
6.895104
4633
672.0
32.17
0.6720
0.06720
pdl/ft2
*1 MN/m2 = 1 N/mm2 .
1.544108
1.544108
3.226105
2.089105
6.720106
1107
1108
1.038107
2.048105
6.590106
9.807106
2.089104
9.807107
6.720105
1106
2048
144
20.89
0.03108
1106
1107
*MN/m2
1.020107
1.020108
kgf/mm2
1107
1108
h bar
1.544104
10000
9807
1000
98.07
6.895
0.04788
2240
1450
1422
145.0
14.22
0.1450
157.5
102.0
100
10.20
0.07031
0.01020
1.020104
1104
15.44
10
9.807
0.09807
1.575
1.020
0.1020
0.01000
1.544
0.9807
0.1000
9.807103
1103
1.450104 1.020105
1103
0.02089
1.450105 1.020106
1104
kgf/cm2
2.089103
lbf/in2
Stress
kN/m2
lbf/ft2
1107
N/m2
dyn/cm2
16 de 53
144
2048
47.88
100
133.3
249.1
1000
3386
6895
9.807104
1105
1.013105
10
478.8
1000
1333
2491
1104
3.386104
6.895104
9.807105
1106
1.013106
2116
2089
70.73
20.89
5.202
2.785
2.089
0.0289
1013
1000
980.7
68.95
33.86
10
2.491
1.333
0.4788
0.0100
1103
2.089103
0.1000
m bar
lbf/ft2
N/m2
dyn/cm2
760.0
750.1
735.6
51.71
25.40
7.501
1.868
0.7501
406.8
401.5
393.7
27.68
13.60
4.015
0.5352
0.4015
0.1922
4.015103
7.501103
0.3591
4.015104
in H2 O
7.501104
mm hg
101.3
100
98.07
6.895
3.386
0.2491
0.1333
0.1000
0.04788
1103
1104
kN/m2
Pressure
29.92
29.53
28.96
2.036
0.2953
0.07356
0.03937
0.02953
0.01414
2.953104
2.953105
in Hg
2.491103
2.540103
14.70
14.50
14.22
0.4912
0.1450
0.03613
1.033
1.020
0.07031
0.03453
1.013
0.9807
0.06895
0.03386
0.0100
1.333103
1.360103
0.01934
0.01020
1103
1.020103
0.01450
4.788104
4.882104
6.944103
1105
1106
bar
1.020105
1.020106
*kgf/cm2
1.450104
1.450105
lbf/in2
0.9869
0.9678
0.06805
0.03342
9.869103
2.458103
1.316103
9.869104
4.726104
9.869106
9.869107
atm
356
Valve Selection Handbook
17 de 53
0.7376
3.0880
7.2330
737.56
778.17
1400.7
3088.0
737.562
1.9800106
2.65522106
7.7817107
1.3558
4.1868
9.8066
1000
1055.1
1899.1
4186.8
106
2.6845106
3.6000106
1.0551108
859.845
641.186
238.846
1000
453.59
252.00
238.85
2.3420
0.3238
0.2388
cal
2.5200107
ft lbf
1.0759107
367.098
273.745
101.972
427.04
193.71
107.59
101.97
0.4270
0.1383
0.1020
kgf m
3.968103
9.294103
4.187103
9.807103
1.0551105
3600
2684.5
1000
4.1868
1.8991
1.0551
100.000
3412.1
2544.4
947.82
3.9683
1.800
0.9478
1.285103
1.356103
5.266104
9.478104
103
55.556
1895.6
1413.6
526.56
2.2046
0.5556
0.5266
5.163103
2.205103
7.139104
Chu
Btu
kJ
25200
859.84
641.19
238.85
0.4536
0.2520
0.2388
2.342103
103
3.238104
2.388104
*kcal
3.930104
7.074104
1.560103
1.055103
1.899103
4.187103
105.51
3.600
2.6845
39.301
1.3410
0.3725
3.725104
103
3.653106
1.560106
5.051107
3.725107
hp h
9.807106
4.187106
1.356106
106
MJ
29.307
0.7457
0.2778
1.163103
5.275104
2.931104
2.778104
2.724106
1.163106
3.766107
2.778107
KW h
0.03412
0.02544
9.478103
3.968105
1.800105
105
9.478106
9.294108
3.968108
1.285108
9.478109
therm
18 de 53
0.5556
1.8956
2.2046
2.5701
18.59
1394
1414
1896
2204.6
1.896106
1.800
3.4121
3.9683
4.626
33.46
2510
2544
3412.1
3968.3
3.4121106
106
1163
1000
745.70
735.50
9.807
1.3558
1.163
0.5275
0.2931
8.598105
1000
859.8
641.19
632.4
8.432
1.1658
0.8598
0.4536
0.2520
kcal/h
1W1 J/S.
1 cal/s = 3.6 kcal/h.
1 ton of refrigeration = 3517 W = 12000 Btu /h.
1 erg/s = 107 W.
Chu/h
Btu/h
7.376105
857.8
737.6
550
542.5
7.233
0.8578
0.7376
0.3892
0.2162
ft lbf/s
1.0197105
118.6
102.0
76.040
75
0.1383
0.1186
0.1020
0.05379
0.02988
kgf m/s
7.07104
1.341103
1.560103
1.818103
7.172104
1.360103
1.581103
1.843103
1360
1.581
1.360
1.0139
1341
1.5596
1.3410
0.9863
0.01315
3.930104
3.985104
0.01333
hp
metric hp
1000
1.163
0.7457
859.8
0.8598
0.6412
0.6324
8.432103
9.807103
0.7355
1.166103
103
8.598104
4.536104
2.520104
cal/h
1.356103
1.163103
103
5.275104
2.931104
kW
1.163103
103
7.457104
7.355104
9.81106
1.36106
1.16106
106
5.28107
2.93107
MW
358
Valve Selection Handbook
19 de 53
1.158105
4.170108
1.488
3.6
360
3600
5358
3.530104
1.724105
277.8
413.4
1000
105
106
1.138106
9.807106
4.788107
1.7241011 6.205108
1 cp = 1 mN s/m2 = 1 g/ms.
1 P = 1 g/cm s = 1 dyn s/cm2 .
1 N s/m2 = 1 kg/m s.
1 pdl s/ft2 = 1 lb/ft s.
1 lbf s/ft2 = 1 slug/ft s.
2.419103
3.6103
2.372104
3600
2419
241.9
2.419
0.6720
lb/ft h
kg/mh
N s/m2
1.724108
47880
9807
1488
1000
100
0.4134
0.2778
103
cP
1.724106
478.8
98.07
14.88
10
0.010
1.724105
47.88
9.807
1.488
0.100
103
1.158105
32.17
6.590
0.6720
0.0672
1.758104
4.882
0.15175
0.1020
0.01020
6.720104 1.020104
3600
0.2048
0.03108
2.778104
5.69105
8.63106
5.80106
5.80107
2.089103
0.02089
5.80109
2.40109
1.61109
5.801012
lbf h/ft2
2.09105
8.63106
lbf s/ft2
5.80106
kgf s/m2
pdl s/ft2
2.09108
106
Ns/m2
6.720107 1.020107
105
Dynamic Viscosity
20 de 53
360
Kinematic Viscosity
in2 /h
ft2 /h
St (cm2 /s)
m2 /h
in2 /s
0.1792
5.5800
0.03875
0.010
3.60103
144
25.81
0.2581
0.0929
0.04
558.0
100
3.8750
0.36
0.1550
1.076103
1550
277.8
10.76
2.778
0.4306
2.990103 2.778104
3600
645.2
25
6.452
2.323
6.944103 6.452104
518400
92903
3600
929.0
334.5
144
0.0929
5.580106
106
3.875104
10000
3600
1550
10.76
ft2 /s
m2 /s
1.93106
1.79107
1.550103 1.076105
106
2.778104 0.258104
104
kcal/m2 h
Btu/ft2 h
Chu/ft2 h
kcal/ft2 h
KW/m2
0.8598
0.3170
0.1761
0.07988
103
1.163
0.3687
0.2049
0.09290
1.163103
3.155
2.712
0.5556
0.2520
3.155103
5.678
4.882
1.800
0.4536
5.678103
12.52
10.76
3.968
2.205
0.01252
1000
859.8
317.0
176.1
79.88
Heat-Transfer Coefcient
(Thermal Conductance; Heat/Area Time Degree Temperature)
W/m2 C
kcal/m2 h C
Btu/ft2 h F
kcal/ft2 C
kW/m2 C
Btu/ft2 s F
cal/cm2 s C
0.8598
0.1761
0.07988
103
4.892105
2.388105
1.163
0.2048
0.09290
1.163103
5.689105
2.778105
5.678
4.882
0.4536
5.678103
2.778104
1.356104
12.52
10.76
2.205
0.01252
6.124104
2.990104
1000
859.8
176.1
79.88
0.04892
0.02388
20442
17577
3600
1633
20.44
0.4882
41868
36000
7373
3344
41.87
2.048
21 de 53
361
0.4536
0.1442
0.1240
0.0833
3.445104
2.2046
0.3180
0.2734
0.1837
7.594104
6.933
3.146
0.8598
0.5778
2.388103
8.064
3.658
1.163
0.6720
2.778103
12
5.443
1.731
1.488
4.134103
2903
1317
418.7
360
241.9
kgf m/kg C
kJ/kg C
*Btu/lb F
kcal/kg C
0.5486
5.380103
1.285103
1.285103
1.823
9.807103
2.342103
2.342103
185.9
101.97
0.2388
0.2388
778.2
426.9
4.1868
778.2
426.9
4.1868
*kJ/kg
Btu/lb
kcal/kg
MJ/kg
2.989103
1.285103
7.139104
2.989106
0.3048
3.281
334.55
101.97
0.4299
0.2388
103
778.2
237.19
2.326
0.556
2.236103
1400.7
426.9
4.187
1.8
4.187103
334553
101972
1000
429.9
238.8
362
J/m3
kJ/m3
kcal/m3
Btu/ft3
Chu/ft3
*MJ/m3
1106
1000
0.2388
0.02684
0.01491
1103
4.187103
4.187
0.1124
0.06243
4.187103
3.726104
37.26
8.899
0.5556
0.03726
6.707104
67.07
16.02
1.800
0.06707
1106
1000
238.8
26.84
14.91
23 de 53
NOMOGRAMADEVISCOSIDADES
Fuente:Perry,2001
24 de 53
25 de 53
26 de 53
27 de 53
28 de 53
PROPIEDADESFISICASDEALGUNOSFLUIDOS
Fuente:Crane,1976
29 de 53
A - 2
CRANE
Notas: (1) El vapor para 0C y 1 bar se refiere a un estado lquido metaestable. Aqu el estado estable es el slido.
(2) o Punto crtico, 374.15C, 221.2 bar
Fuente de informacin: Tablas NEL del vapor de agua 1964 (HMSO, Edinburgh)
30 de 53
CRANE
A-lb.-
A - 3
.io
1
LQxllg
b/pulg *
de agua - en CentiPoiSeS
1 no
200
.500
?/pulg
b/p&
,/pulg
I non
(P)
2000
!?/pulg ! 11b/pulg*
snoo
Ib/pulg! 1
Agua sat
.667
524
.3xX
,313
.25.;
.lYi
,164
138
,111
,094
Vapor sa
.OlO
.OlO
,011
,012
,012
,013
.Ol 1
0 1 r>
.Oli
,010
I 500
14.3)
1400
1350
1300
,041
.040
03Y
,038
.0.3 7
.Wl
,040
,030
,038
.03i
,041
,040
.03Y
,038
.03i
,041
,040
,03Y
,038
.03 7
,041
,040
,039
,038
,037
,041
,040
.03Y
,038
,037
,041
.040
.0,3Y
(08
,037
,041
.040
0.34,
,038
.037
,042
MO
.0:30
.0%38
.037
,042
,041
.040
.038
.0:3
,042
,041
,040
.03Y
038
,044
043
,042
.04 1
,040
,046
.045
,044
,044
,043
12.X)
1200
1150
1100
10,so
.03S
,034
,034
032
,031
,035
,034
034
,032
,031
,035
,033
,035
.032
,031
.03:,
,034
,035
,032
,031
,035
,034
,034
,032
,031
,035
.034
,034
.032
,031
0.35
.034
,034
,032
,031
,036
,033
,034
,032
.03 1
.036
,035
,034
.033
,032
,036
,035
,034
,033
,032
,037
.036
,034
,034
,033
.0.39
.038
,037
,037
,036
1000
YSO
YO0
850
800
,030
,029
,028
,026
,025
,030
,020
,028
,026
,025
,030
,029
,028
,026
,023
.030
.02Y
,028
,026
,025
,030
.02Y
,028
,026
,025
,030
,029
.028
,026
,023
,030
,024,
,028
,027
,025
.030
,029
,028
,027
,025
,030
.02Y
,028
.02i
026
.03 1
030
,028
,027
,026
,032
,031
.02Y
,028
.027
750
700
CO
600
550
,024
,023
,022
.021
,020
,025
023
,022
.021
,020
,024
023
,022
,021
.020
,024
,023
,022
,021
.020
,024
,023
,022
,021
,020
,024
,023
,022
.021
,020
,024
,023
,022
,021
.n20
,024
,023
,022
,021
,020
,025
,023
,023
,021
,020
,025
,024
,023:
.021
019
-
,026
,026
so0
550
400
330
300
.OlY
,018
,016
.OlY
,018
,016
.015
,014
.OlY
,018
,016
0 1,5
,013
.OlY
,018
,016
,015
,014
.OlY
,017
,016
.OlS
.014
.OlY
,017
,016
,015
01s
-
.OlY
,018
,017
016
L
132
,183
Il5
,131
1.53
183
&J
.lU3
,116
,132
250
200
150
100
,iO
,013
,012
,011
Xii?
2YY
_-,
, .).3
0 13
,012
&l
,680
1.2YY
,013
&2
,427
680
1.2YY
013
,012
m
,680
1.2YY
.013
.300
.527
,680
1.2YY
,228
:mo
.4x
,680
1.2YY
,228
,300
1.7%
1. 739
1 753
1.753
1. 7.53
32
.Olj
,011
.01:
,016
.olj
,182
,427
680
1.2))
,078
.02d
,048
,050
,047
.047
,046
.OJS
04Y
04Y
.04Y
,048
,041
.041
,040
.040
.04F>
,045
,045
,045
,047
,048
.03H
.04Y
,050
.052
.03.5
035
,035
.035
040
,041
,042
045
,052
062
.04Y
,052
.OSi
064
,071
0.5.S
.05Y
,064
,070
,075
,087
.OY.S
.OSi
.Oil
,082
,091
,101
,071
.07Y
.08X
.OY6
.105
078
.085
.OY2
,101
.109
,081
,086
OY
,104
,113
,111
,123
138
,160
190
,114
,127
,143
164
194
.llY
131
.lSi
,168
.lY8
,122
13j
,150
.lil
,201
.023
,042
,184
105
.118
134
.15.5
.18S
.228
.300
,427
680
1 .2YY
.22Y
,301
,428
,680
1.298
,231
,303
.52Y
,680
1,296
,235
,306
.531
,681
1.284,
,238
.3 10
,435
682
1.281
,242
,313
.13i
683
1.2:)
25.5
,316
UY
.h83
1.27s
1.7;>2
I ,749
1 T-k.5
1 ,733
1.723
1.713
1,705
Los valores por abajo de las viscosidades subrayadas son para agua
.l.i4
@ Punto crtico
31 de 53
A - 4
CRANE
1000
1.
Etano
2.
Propano
3.
Butano
(C,H,)
800
(C,H,)
600
(C,H,,)
4. Gasolina natural
5. Gasolina
6.
Agua
7.
Keroseno
80
8.
Destilado
60%
9.
\\ \. , .
-1 .\151\ I \
i , .I , , , , , , , , 1 , , --I IdIIlIIIIIll
API
10
8
(Mn.)
6
16. Aceite LubeSAE 10 (100 V.I.)
4
(100 V.I.
Asfalto
Adaptacin de datos
recogidos de las referencias
8, 12 y 23 de la
bibliografa.
.08
260
300
400
T - Temperatura en Kelvin
500
600
-yI
700
8 00
(K)
32 de 53
CRANE
A - 5
1. E t a n o (CJii)
2. Propano (C3H8)
3. Butano :CIH ,)
4.
Gasolina
natural
5. Gasolina
100
80
OO
6.
Agua
7.
Keroseno
6. Destilado
9.
10.
Crudo de 46 grados
API
12.
combustible
3 (M~x.)
15. Aceite
combustible
5 (Mn.)
6 (AAh)
5 (Mx.)
2 1.
Asfalto
:i::;
1 1 1 !
10 20 30 40 60 80 100
2CO
I -
1 Il IYIlj
300 400 600 800 1000
A - 6
CRANE
6.0
19
1 3 4
\ \
5.0
17
\
0.1
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
-03
- 4 0
- 2 0
2 0
t
1. Di6xido de carbono
2. Amonwo . . .
3. Cloruro de metilo .
4. Dixido de azufre .
5. Fren 12 . . . .
CO,
NH,
CH,CI
SO,
F-12
6. Fren 114 . . . . . .
F-114
7.
F-l 1
Fre6n
ll
.......
8. Fren 113 . . . . . .
F-113
4 0
6 0
8 0
- Temperatura, en grados
100
centigrados
9. Alcohol etlico
10. Alcohol isopropflico
ll. Acido sulfrico al 20%. . H,SO,
12. Dowtherm E
13. Dowtherm A
14. Hidrxido de sodio al 20% . . NaOH
15. Mercurio
120
140
16.
17.
18.
19.
Cloruro
Cloruro
Cloruro
Cloruro
160
180
1C)
de sodio al 10%.
de sodio al 20/
de calcio al 10%
de calcio al 20%.
NaCI
NaCI
CaCl,
CaCI,
0C es 0.15 centipoises.
34 de 53
CRANE
A - 7
6.0
5.0
4.0
. ^
.6
.5
.4
-40
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
3' 1
320
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Alcohol etlico
10. Alcohol isoproplico
1 1. cido sulfrico al 20% . . . . HtS04
12. Dowtherm E
13. Dowtherm A
14. Hidrxido de sodio al 20% NoOH
15. Mercurio
A - 8
CRANE
.042102
Helio
Aire
,036
N*
co2
so2
,032
= po
0.555 -To + C
0.555 T + c
donde:
P = viscosidad en centipoises, a la
temperatura T.
l-b = viscosidad en centipoises, a la
temperaura T,.
T
= temperatura absoluta, en Kelvin
(273 + T) (grados rankine =
460 + F) para la cual se requiere conocer la viscosidad.
T,, = temperatura absoluta, en Kelvin
(grados rankine = 460 + Fpara la que se conoce la viscosidad.
C
* ,030
.-I
.g ,028
E
.5
.026
.75
1.00
;- , 0 2 4
n
8
$ ,022
5
1 .020
=t
,018
3
Vaporas de
ridrocarburos
y gases
naturales
.016
.014
,012
= constante de Sutherland
Nota: La variacin de la viscosidad con la presin es pequea para la mayor parte de los gases. Para los gases dados en esta pgina, la
correccin de la viscosidad debida a la presin es inferior al 10% para presiones hasta
35 bar (500 librasIpulg2).
100
200
Valores
aproximados
de C
02
Aire
N,
127
120
:11
co2
co
so*
240
118
416
370
12
Ejemplo para el nomograma de arriba: La viscosidad del dixido de azufre gaseoso a 1OOC
(212F) es 0.0162 centipoises.
Ejemplo para el nomograma de abajo: La viscosidad del dixido de carbono gaseoso a
3OT (809 aproximadamente, es de 0.0152.
300
400
500
Fluido
saturados y sobrecalentados)
,018
@'
,017
.016
/
/
0 ,013
m
0
8 ,012
::
5 ,011
I
x.010
,008
.--.
-40
-20
20
40
60
80
36 de 53
100
CRANE
A - 9
.040
Helio
,036
.u
; .028
s,, = .5
E
2
3 .024
.75
3
1.00
Vapores de
hidrocarburos
y gases
naturales
.016
.OO83 I
ll 100 200 300 400
1 - Tempera;ura
500
600
700 800
900 1000
saturados
y sobrecalentados)
.0197
GpY
/
.018
.016
!!
5.o
E
0
5
g
0
8
5
I
=i
.015
.014
.013
,012
.Oll
,010
.009
.008
.0071
-40
I
0
1
40
1
80
120
160
200
240
37 de 53
A - 10
CRANE
Yresih de
saturacin
Volumen
especifico
Densidad
v x IO3
Decmetros
cbicos por
kilogramo
Kilogramos por
metro cbico
Grados
centgrados
Bar
absolutos
.Ol
5
.006112
.008719
1.0002
1.0001
999.8
999.9
:5
20
.012271
.017041
.023368
1.0010 1.0003
1.0018
999.7 999.0
998.2
30
40
.03.0424 166318
.073750
.056217
1.0030 1.0044
1.0079 1.0060
997.0 995.6
992.2 994.0
45
.09582
1.0099
990.2
55
60
.12335
.15740
.19919
1.0121 1.0145
1.0171
988.0 985.7
983.2
65
.25008
1.0199
980.5
::
80
.38547
.31160
.47359
1.0228 1.0258
1.0290
977.7 974.8
971.8
!O
.70109.57803
1.0359 1.0324
968.6 965.3
1.0396 1.0435
961.9 958.3
1050
1.01325
.84526
110
120
130
140
1.4326
1.9853
2.7012
3.6136
1.0515
1.0603
1.0697
1.0798
951.0
943.1
934.8
926.1
150
4.7597
KE
916.9
1 67 0
180
6.1805
7.9203
10.0271
1:1144
1.1275
BgZ
886:9
12.552
15.551
25.504
39.776
1.1415
1.1565
1.1992
1.2512
876.0
864.7
833.9
799.2
59.49
85.92
120.57
165.37
221.20
1.3168
1.4036
1.5289
1.741
3.170
759.4
712.5
654.1
574.4
315.5
190
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
374.15
Para convertir el volumen especfico de decmetros cbicos por kilogramo (dm3/kg) a metros cbicos por kilogramo (m3/kg) divdanse los
valores de la tabla entre 103.
Para convertir la densidad en kilogramos por metro cbico (kg/m3) a
kilogramos por litro (kg/litro) divdanse los valores de la tabla entre
103.
Peso especfico del agua a WC = 1.00
Los datos de presin y volumen se han obtenido con permiso de HMSO,
del Steam Tables 1964 (Tablas de vapor de agua 1964) del U.K. National Engineering Laboratory.
38 de 53
CRANE
A - 11
grados
Fahrcnhcit
Presin de
saturacin
Volumen
especfico
Densidad
i-
pie/lb
lb/pie
libras/galn
0.016022
0.016019
0.016023
0.016033
62.414
62.426
62.410
62.371
8.3436
8.3451
8.3430
8.3378
lb/pulg abs.
Peso
i
0.08859
0.12163
0.17796
0.25611
80
90
100
0.36292
0.50683
0.69813
0.94924
0.016050
C.016072
0.016099
0.016130
62.305
62.220
62.116
61.996
8.3290
8.3176
8.3037
8.2877
110
120
130
140
1.2750
1.6927
2.2230
2.8892
0.016165
0.016204
0.016247
0.016293
61.862
61.7132
61.550
61.376
8.2698
8.2498
8.2280
8.2048
150
160
170
180
190
3.7184
4.7414
5.9926
7.5110
9.340
0.016343
0.016395
0.016451
0.016510
0.016572
61.188
60.994
60.787
60.569
60.343
8.1797
8.1537
8.1260
8.0969
8.0667
200
210
212
220
ll.526
14.123
14.696
17.186
0.016637
0.016705
0.016719
0.016775
60.107
59.862
59.812
59.613
8.0351
8.0024
7.9957
7.9690
240
260
280
300
24.968
35.427
49.200
67.005
0.016926
0.017089
0.017264
0.01745
59.081
58.517
57.924
57.307
7.8979
7.8226
7.7433
7.6608
0.01799
0.01864
0.01943
0.02043
55.586
53.648
51.467
48.948
7.4308
7.1717
6.8801
6.5433
0.02176
0.02364
0.02674
0.03662
45.956
42.301
37.397
27.307
6.1434
5.6548
4.9993
3.6505
350
400
450
500
550
flnn
650
700
134.604
247.259
422.55
680.86
1045.43
1543.2
2208.4
3094.3
39 de 53
A - 12
CRANE
A-6 Relacin peso especfico - temperatura, para aceites derivados del petrleo
(Adaptacin de datos recogidos de la referencia 12 ae la bibliografa)
/
l
/
I
6O;F
C1H6 = Etano
Cs H8 = Propano
C4H,o =Butano
(15.6C/15.6C)
(15.6c)
iC.,H,c, = isobutano
iCsH,~ = isopentano
Para encontrar la densidad en kg/m3 de un aceite a determinada temperatura, cuando se conoce su peso especfico a 600~/600~ (15.6C/15.6C),
multiplquese el peso especfico del aceite a esa temperatura (vase nomograma de arriba) por 999, que es la densidad del agua a 6001; (15OC).
Temperatura
t
0
1.
C
15.6
-12.2
Acetona
60
Amoniaco saturado
Benceno
:i
Salmuera de CaCI al 1OJ 3 2
i
Salmuera de NaCI al 106 3 2
0
Comb Bunkers C Mx.
15.6
60
Disulfuro de carbono
0
Destilado
15.6
50
Combustible 3 Mx.
15.6
Combustible 5 Mn.
15.6
50
Combustible 5 Mx.
15.6
60
Combustible 6 Mn.
15.6
60
Gasolina
15.6
60
Gasolina natural
15.6
60
Keroseno
15.6
60
Residuo M.C.
15.6
I 60
* Liquido a la temperatura especificada,
t La leche tiene una densidad entre 1028
II Indice de viscosidad 100
Peso
:specfico
s
Lquido
Temperatura
Densidad
Peso
especfico
s
t
P
P
3
C
klm
kW
E
13.623
791.3
0.792
-6.7
13 612
20
0.656
4.4
13 584
13.596
655.2
15.6
13 557
13.568
898.6
0.899
Mercurio
50
13 530
13.541
1090.1
1.091
Mercurio
,26.7
80
Mercurio
37.8
13 502
13.514
1077.1
1.078
1 00
1.014
Leche
1013.2
1.292
Aceite
de
oliva
ii.,
J17.9
0.9i9
1291.1
0.624
848.8
0.850
Pentano
15.0
623.1
0.876
897.4
0.898
Aceite lubricante SAE 1011
i5.6
875.3
897.4
0.898
964.8
0.966
Aceite lubricante SAE 3011
15.6
15.6
915.0
0.916
991.9
0.993
Aceite lubricante SAE 7011
0.993
1
5
.
6
841.9
0.843
991.9
Crudo de Sal Creek
0.862
749.8
0.751
Crudo de 32.6 API
15.6
861.3
845.9
0.847
679.5
0.680
Crudo de 35.6 API
15.6
824.2
0.825
814.5
0.815
Crudo de 40 API
15.6
15.6
787.5
0.788
934.2
0.935
Crudo de 48 API
relativo al agua a 15.6C (60~)
Los valores de la tabla anterior estn basados en
y 1035 kg/m (h4.2 a 64.6 lb/pie)
Smithsonian
Physical Tables, Marks Engineers
Handbook y Nelsonn Petroleum Refinery
Engineering.
40 de 53
CRANE
A - 13
A-6. Relacin peso especfico - temperatura, para aceites derivados del petrleo
a 12 de la bibliografa)
A 60F l15.6C$
\
\
E
al
Cz H6 = Etano
C3H, = Propano
C4 H 10 = Butano
Ejemplo:
iC,H,, = isobutano
iCS H ,* = isopentano
41 de 53
A - 14
CRANE
Nombre
del
gas
Frmula
quimica
0
smbolo
Acetileno (etino)
4ire
4moniaco
4rgn
CA
i-Butano
Dixido de carbono
donxido de carbono
Iloro
gj%O
Etano
Etileno
Helio
cido clorhdrico
$HH,
NH,
A
CO
CI2
Peso
molecular
aproximado
Densidad
W-n3
Peso
especfico
con
relacin
al aire
Constante
individual
del gas
R
Calor especfico
a temperatura
ambiente
Capacidad calorfica 7
por metro cbico
igual
J/m K
a
JI@ K
JI@ K
CPIC
26.0
29.0
17.0
39.9
1.0925
1.2045
0.7179
1.6610
0.907
1.000
0.596
1.379
320
287
490
208
1465
1009
2190
519
1127
721
1659
311
1601
1215
1572
862
1231
868
1191
517
1.30
1.40
1.32
1.67
58.1
44.0
28.0
70.9
2.4897
1.8417
1.1648
2.9944
2.067
1.529
0.967
2.486
143
189
297
117
1654
858
1017
481
1490
660
726
362
4118
1580
1185
1440
3710
1216
846
1084
1.11
1.30
1.40
1.33
30.0
28.0
1.049
0.975
0.1381
1.268
277
296
2078
228
1616
1675
5234
800
1325
1373
3153
567
2042
1967
870
1222
1674
1612
524
866
1.22
1.22
1.66
1.41
10155
782
1881
838
1199
1458
1657
2161
850
1121
1255
1800
1.41
1.30
1.32
1.20
CP
CV
CV
CP
H:
HCI
3:::
1.2635
1.1744
0.1663
1.5273
4126
342.:
16:0
50.5
0.0837
1.4334
0.6673
2.1500
0.0695
2s
Ck
CH;Cl
0.5541.190
1.785
519 243
165
14319
1017
2483
1005
Gas natural
Dxido ntrico
yitrgeno
Oxido nitroso
NO
N:o
19.5
30.0
28.0
44.0
0.8034
1.2491
1.1648
1.8429
0.667
1.037
0.967
1.530
426
277
297
189
2345
967
1034
925
1846
691
733
706
1884
1208
1204
1705
1483
863
854
1301
1.27
1.40
1.41
1.31
Jxigeno
ropano
ropano propileno
Xxido de azufre
::H,
32.0
44.1
42.1
64.1
:*z::
117477
2.7270
1.105
1.562
1.451
2.264
260
188
198
129
909
1645
1499
645
649
1430
1315
512
1210
3095
2620
1759
864
2690
2298
1396
1.40
1.15
1.14
1.26
Hidrgeno
Sulfuro de hidrgeno
Metano
Cloruro de metilo
Valores orientativos; las caractersticas exactas requieren el conocimiento exacto de los componentes.
Notas: Donde aparezcan Kelvin en la tabla anterior, puede sustituirse por grados centgrados. Por ejemplo, kJ/kg, K puede escribirse kJ/kgC.
Los valores del peso molecular, peso especfico, constante individual
del gas y calor especfico se han obtenido en base a la Tabla 24 de
la referencia 22 de la bibliografa-valores aproximados que provienen
de diferentes fuentes.
Los valores de la densidad se han obtenido multiplicando la densidad
del aire seco a 2OC, 1.01325 bar por peso especfico del gas, es decir
1.2045 por Sg
La densidad del aire se obtuvo de la referencia 14 de la bibliografa.
42 de 53
CRANE
A - 16
Frmula
Peso
molecular
aproximado
Densidac
Ib/pies
Peso
:specfico
con
relacin
al aire
.yg
especfico
J Calor
a temperatura
Constantc
individual
del gas
26.0
29.0
17.0
39.9
.0682
.0752
.0448
.1037
0.907
R
59.4
1.000
0.596
1.379
53.3
91.0
38.7
n-Butano
Dixido de carbono
Monxido de carbono
Cloro
58.1
44.0
28.0
70.9
.1554
.1150
.0727
.1869
2.067
1.529
0.967
2.486
Etano
Etileno
Helio
cido clorhdrico
30.0
28.0
4.0
36.5
.0789
.0733
.01039
.0954
Hidrgeno
Sulfuro de hidrgeno
Metano
Cloruro de metilo
2.0
34.1
16.0
50.5
cas naturals
Oxido ntrico
Nitrdgeno
xido nitroso
N?O
19.5
30.0
28.0
44.0
.00523
.0895
.0417
.1342
- - .0502
.0780
.0727
.llSl
Oxgeno
Propano
Propano propileno
Dixido de azufre
02
C,Hs
CaH,
soy
32.0
44.1
42.1
64.1
.0831
.1175
.1091
.1703
=
Acetileno (etino)
Aire
Amoniaco
Argn
CzH,
NH1
A
NO
ambiente
B t u /Lb F
4 Japac~dad
calorific a
por
pie cubico
CV
_---
CL,
.--
1.30
1.40
1.32
1.67
- - - 1.11
1.30
1.40
1.33
0.350
0.241
0.523
0.124
0.269
0.172
0.396
0.074
.0239
.OlSl
.0234
.0129
26.5
35.1
55.2
21.8
0.395
0.205
0.243
0.115
0.356
0.158
0.173
0.086
.0614
.0236
.0177
.0215
.0553
.0181
.0126
.0162
1.049
0.975
0.1381
1.268
51.5
55.1
386.3
42.4
0.386
0.400
1.250
0.191
0.316
0.329
0.754
0.135
.0305
.0293
.0130
.0182
.0250
.0240
.0078
.0129
0.0695
1.190
0.554
1.785
766.8
45.2
96.4
30.6
3.420
0.243
0.593
0.240
-__
0.560
0.231
0.247
0.221
_-0.217
0.393
0.358
0.154
2.426
0.187
0.449
0.200
.0179
.0217
.0247
.0322
.0127
.0167
.0187
.0268
1.22
1.22
1.66
1.41
_-1,41
1.30
1.32
1.20
0.441
0.165
0.176
O.lh9
.0281
.0180
.0180
.0254
.0221
.0129
.0127
.0194
1.27
1.40
1.41
1. .31
0.155
0.342
0.314
0.122
.0180
.0462
.0391
.0262
.0129
.0402
.0343
.0208
1.40
1.15
1.14
1.26
0.667
1.037
0.967
1.530
79.1
51.5
55.2
35.1
48.3
35.0
36.8
24.0
-
i-
.0184
.01 29
.0178
.0077
-
43 de 53
A - 16
CRANE
d
II 1 II
I I
44 de 53
CRANE
A - 17
1.34
kpor
.-0
8
E
.-I
saturado
1.30
1200 F
___-s-------
1.26
___------
1.24-
10
20
P - Presidn
50
100
200
500
Para cambios pequefios de presin (o volumen) a lo largo de una lnea isoentrpica pvk = constante
45 de 53
A - 18
CRANE
12.03MpSg
T
P=RT=
349pSg
T
M R
=-
Sg
PS
p _ kEP = ---MP.---- = 2.70
~~- .--o
R7-
P = 14.7 + P
T = 460 + t
constante universal de los gases = R = 8314
donde: p = 1.013
10.72
t p
T=273+t
pv
18
bar
19
bar
20
bar
30
bar
40
bar
50
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
7.67
7.53
7.40
7.27
7.15
7.03
6.91
6.80
6.69
6.48
6.29
6.1 1
5.93
5.77
5.62
5.33
5.07
1.84
1.62
t.43
5.25
1.08
3.93(
3.781
3.651
8.9:
8.7t
8.62
8.4t
8.34
8.2C
8.06
1.93
7.8C
7.56
7.33
7.12
6.92
6.73
6.55
6.21
5.91
5.64
5.39
5.16
1.96
1.76
1.58
1.42
1.26
10.22
lo.04
9.86
9.69
9.52
9.37
9.21
9.06
8.92
8.64
8.38
8.14
7.91
7.69
7.48
7.10
6.76
6.45
6.16
5.90
5.66
11.50
ll.29
11.09
10.90
10.71
10.53
10.36
10.19
10.03
9.72
9.43
9.15
8.89
8.65
8.42
7.99
7.60
7.25
6.93
6.64
6.37
12.77
12.54
12.32
12Jl
11.90
11.70
Il.51
ll.32
Il.14
10.80
10.47
10.17
9.88
9.61
9.35
8.87
8.45
8.06
7.70
7.37
7.08
60
t
+
10
bar
II
bar
14.05 15.32
13.80 15.05
13.55 14.78
13.32 14.53
13.09 14.28
12.87 14.04
12.66 13.81
1 2 . 4 5 13.58
12.25 13.37
11.88 12.95
!1.52 1 2 . 5 6
ll.1812.20
10.57,11.53
10.87/11.85
10.28 11.22
9.76 10.65
9.29 10.13
8.86 9.66
8.47 9.24
8.11 8.85
7.78, 8.49
12
13
14
15
16
17
brr
bar
bar
bar
bar
bar
16.60
16.30
16.01
15.74
15.47
15.21
14.96
14.72
14.48
14.03
13.61
13.21
12.84
12.49
12.15
11.53
10.97
10.47
10.01
9.58
9.20
17.88
17.55
17.24
16.95
16.66
16.38
16.11
15.85
15.59
15.11
14.66
14.23
13.83
13.45
13.09
12.42
11.82
11.27
10.77
10.32
9.90
19.15
18.81
18.47
18.15
17.84
17.55
17.26
16.98
16.71
16.19
15.70
15.24
14.81
14.41
14.02
13.31
12.66
12.08
Il.54
11.06
10.61
20.43
20.06
19.71
19.36
19.03
18.71
18.41
18.11
17.82
17.27
16.75
16.26
15.80
15.36
14.95
14.19
13.51
12.88
12.31
ll.79
11.31
21.70
21.31
20.94
20.57
20.22
19.88
19.55
19.24
18.93
18.35
17.79
17.28
16.79
16.32
15.89
15.08
14.35
13.69
13.08
12.53
12.02
22.98
22.56
22.17
21.78
21.41
21.05
20.70
20.37
20.04
19.42
18.84
18.29
17.77
17.28
16.82
15.97
15.19
14.49
13.85
13.26
12.73
70
bar
bar
77.8
76.4
75.1
73.8
72.5
71.3
70.1
69.0
67.9
65.8
63.8
61.9
60.2
SS.5
57.0
54.1
51.5
49.1
46.9
44.9
43.1
41.4
39.9
38.4
37.1
30.6
39.0
37.4
95.9
54.4
93.0
31.6
30.3
79.0
76.6
74.3
72.1
70.1
58.1
56.3
>2.9
59.9
7.1
54.6
52.3
jo.2
18.2
16.4
14.7
13.2
46 de 53
GRAVEDADESESPECFICASDEALGUNOSLIQUIDOS
FUENTE:Kern,1999
Darby,2001
VianyOcon,1972
47 de 53
913
&PENDICE
TABLA 6.
compuesto
Mol.
s*
-
................
Acetaldehdo
Acetato de amilo . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acetato de etilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acetato de metilo . . . . . . . . . . . .
58.1
Acetona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.............
Acetato de butilo
Acetato de vinilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . %L
Abita ac~coio~~~:::::::::: 18:O
60.1
.....
Acido actic?. 70%
88.1
Acido n-butulco .........................
Acido i-butirico
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.1
Acido clorosulfnico
. . . . . . . . . . 116.5
46.0
Acido frmico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....
Acido nitrito 95% . . . . . . . . . . .
....
Acido ntrico 60% . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acido propinico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1
Acido sulfrico 100% . . . . . . . . 98.1
Acido sulfrico 98% . . . . . . . . . ,....
Acido sulfrico 60% . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alcohol allico
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1
Alcohol amilico
..............
Alcohol n-buttiico
.......... .. E
74:1
Alcohol i-butlico
.............
Alcohol etilico 100% . . . . . . . . . . 46.1
.
Alcohol etlico 9 5 % . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
Alcohol etilico
40% . . . . . . . . . .
Alcohol isopropilic. . . . . . . . . . . 60.1
Alcohol octlico
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gg.f3
Alcohol n-proplico
...........
Amoniaco 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17:o
. .O.
Amo$+x 2 6 F
I;lu-lldo
a c t i c. .o. .. ..
. .. .. . 02.1
93.1
......................
08.1
&lisol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nenceno . . . . . . . . . . .._........
Bixido de azufre . . . _ . . . . . . . .
Bixido de carbono . _. _ . _ . . .
Bisulfuro de carbono . . . . . . . . .
Bromotolueno, orto . . . . . . . . . . .
Bromotolueno, meta . . . . . . . . . .
Bromotolueno. para . . . . . . . . . . .
Bromuro de etilo . _ . . . . . _ . . .
Bromuro de II-propilo
........
n-butano
. . . . . _ . _ _ _ . _ . .
i-butano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ciclohexanol
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !00.2
Clorobenceno
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !12.6
ClorofoI-mo
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t19.4
Clorotolueno,
orto . . . . . . . . . . . . b26.6
Clorotolueno, meta . . . . . . . . . . .
26.6
Clorotolueno, wra . . . . . . . . . . .
.26.6
Cloruro estnico
............
L6O.5
compuesto
s*
0.78
0.88
i%
0:79
Cloruro de etilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cloruro de metilo . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cloruro de n-propilo. . . . . . . . . . . .
Cloruro de sulfriclo. . . . . . . . . .
Dibrometano
0.92
0.92
YE;
f.b$
E3
0%
x5
1:07
0.96
E7
i.22
1.50
1.38
1%
::iz
%E
0:81
%
0181
0.94
0.79
0.82
0.80
0.61
0.91
0:71
0.87
?o:
O.Q2
1.26
1.13
Glicerina 100%
n-hekano
....................
86.i
Hidrxido de sodio 50% . . . . . . . . . . .
Yoduro de etilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.9
Yoduro de n-propilo . . . . . . . . . . . 170.0
Mercurio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.6
Metacresol
Metano1 100%
Ea:::
90%
....................
MetiletilcetZ
l;g;
Naftaleno
...................................
.
Nitrobenceno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nitrotolueno, orto
Nitrotolueno. meta
::Ei
E8
1.38
::%
::41
1.39
1.43
1.35
0.60
0.60
Ef
1:49
:.o;
1:07
2.23
Pentacloroetano
..............
n-pentano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Propano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salmuera. Ca Cl, 25% . . . . . . . .
Salmuera.
Na Cl. 25%
Sodio
. . . . . . . . . . l..............
li23.0
Tetracloroetano
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.9
Tetracloroetileno
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.9
Tetracloruro de carbono . . . . . . . 153.8
Tetracloruro de titanio . . . . . . . . 189.7
Tribromuro de fsforo . . . . . . . . 270.8
Tricloruro
de arsnico . . . . . . . . . iii.3
Tricloruro
de fsforo . . . . . . . . . . 137.4
Tricloroetikno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 131.4
Tolueno
xileno. orto
~~~~.~.~.~.~.~.~.:::::::::::llos::
Xileno; meta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xileno, para . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
%i
1.53
:z
13:55
1.03
0.79
0:94
0.81
:i;:
1:16
:99
0.70
E
1:02
1.67
0.63
0.59
1.23
1.19
0.97
1.60
1.63
1.60
1.73
2.85
2.16
1.57
1.46
0.87
0.87
0.86
0.86
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TABLE A-3 Physical Properties of Ordinary Water and Common Liquids (SI
Units)
Liquid
Water
Mercury
Ethylene
glycol
Methyl alcohol
(methanol)
Ethyl alcohol
(ethanol)
Normal
octane
Benzene
Kerosene
Lubricating
oil
Temp
T (8C)
0
3.98
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
4
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
20
40
60
0
16
20
25
40
0
20
40
60
80
18
20
20
40
60
80
100
120
Density
(kg/m3 )
1000
1000
1000
998
996
992
988
983
978
972
965
958
13600
13590
13550
13500
13450
13400
13350
1110
1110
1090
1070
1060
810
801
792
783
774
765
806
789
772
754
718
702
686
900
879
858
836
815
841
814
871
858
845
832
820
809
Specic
gravity
S
Absolute
viscosity
(N s/m2 )
Kinematic
viscosity
(m2 /s)
Surface
tension
(N/m)
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.998
0.996
0.992
0.988
0.983
0.978
0.972
0.965
0.958
13.60
13.59
13.55
13.50
13.45
13.40
13.35
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
0.810
0.801
0.792
0.783
0.774
0.765
0.806
0.789
0.772
0.754
0.718
0.702
0.686
0.900
0.879
0.857
0.836
0.815
0.841
0.814
0.871
0.858
0.845
0.832
0.820
0.809
1.79 E-3
1.57
1.31
1.00
7.98 E-4
6.53
5.47
4.67
4.04
3.55
3.15
2.82
1.68 E-3
1.55
1.45
1.37
1.30
1.24
5.70 E-2
1.99
9.13 E-3
4.95
3.02
1.99
8.17 E-4
5.84
5.10
4.50
3.96
1.77 E-3
1.20
8.34 E-4
5.92
7.06 E-7
5.74
5.42
4.33
9.12 E-4
6.52
5.03
3.92
3.29
7.06 E-3
1.9
1.31 E-6
6.81 E-5
4.18
2.83
2.00
1.54
1.79 E-6
1.57
1.31
1.00
7.12
6.58
5.48
4.75
4.13
3.65
3.26
2.94
1.24 E-7
1.14
1.07
1.02
9.70 E-8
9.29
1.79 E-5
8.30 E-6
4.54
2.82
1.88
1.01 E-6
7.37 E-7
6.51
5.81
5.18
2.20 E-6
1.52
1.08
7.85 E-7
9.83 E-7
7.72
6.31
1.01 E-6
7.42 E-7
5.86
4.69
4.04
8.40 E-6
2.37
1.50 E-9
7.94 E-8
4.95
3.40
2.44
1.90
7.56 E-2
7.42
7.28
2.26
6.96
6.79
6.62
6.64
6.26
5.89
37.5
2.45 E-2
2.26
2.41 E-2
3.02 E-2
2.76
2.9 E-2
Isothermal
bulk
modulus of
elasticity
E (N/m2 )
1.99
2.12
2.21
2.94
2.29
2.29
2.28
2.24
2.20
2.14
2.07
2.50
2.50
9.35
8.78
8.23
7.72
7.23
6.78
1.02
9.02
7.89
6.78
1.00
8.35
7.48
1.23
1.06
9.10
7.78
6.48
E9
E10
E10
E8
E9
E8
E9
Coefcient
of thermal
expansion
T (K1
6.80 E-5
8.80
2.07 E-4
3.85
4.58
5.23
5.84
6.41
6.96
7.50
1.82 E-4
1.82
1.82
1.82
E8
E9
E8
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490
Appendix A
TABLE A-4 Physical Properties of Ordinary Water and Common Liquids (EE
unitsa )
Liquid
Water
Mercury
Ethylene
glycol
Methyl
alcohol
(methanol)
Ethyl
alcohol
(ethanol)
Normal
octane
Benzene
Kerosene
Lubricating
oil
Temp
T (8F)
32
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
212
50
200
300
400
600
68
104
140
176
212
32
68
104
140
176
212
32
68
104
140
176
212
32
68
104
32
68
104
140
176
0
77
68
104
140
176
212
248
Density
(lbm /ft3 )
62.4
62.4
62.4
62.2
62.0
61.7
61.4
61.0
60.6
60.1
59.8
847
834
826
817
802
69.3
68.7
68.0
66.8
66.2
50.6
50.0
49.4
48.9
48.3
47.8
50.3
49.8
49.3
48.2
47.7
47.1
44.8
43.8
42.8
56.2
54.9
53.6
52.2
50.9
52.5
50.8
54.5
53.6
52.6
51.9
51.2
50.5
Specic
gravity
S
Absolute
viscosity
(lbf s/ft2 )
Kinematic
viscosity
(ft2 /s)
1.00
1.00
0.999
0.997
0.993
0.988
0.983
0.977
0.970
0.963
0.958
13.6
13.4
13.2
13.1
12.8
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
0.810
0.801
0.792
0.783
0.774
0.765
0.806
0.789
0.789
0.772
0.754
0.745
0.718
0.702
0.686
0.900
0.879
0.858
0.836
0.815
0.841
0.814
0.871
0.858
0.845
0.832
0.820
0.809
3.75 E-5
3.23
2.36
1.80
1.42
1.17
9.81 E-6
8.38
7.26
6.37
5.93
1.07 E-3
8.4 E-3
7.4
6.7
5.8
4.16 E-4
1.91
1.03
6.31 E-5
4.12
1.71 E-5
1.22
1.07
9.40 E-6
8.27
3.70 E-5
3.03
2.51
1.74
1.24
1.47 E-5
1.13
9.04 E-6
1.90 E-5
1.36
1.05
8.19 E-6
6.87
1.48 E-4
3.97 E-5
2.74 E-8
1.42 E-7
8.73
5.91
4.18
3.22
1.93 E-5
1.66
1.22
9.30 E-6
7.39
6.09
5.14
4.42
3.85
3.41
3.19
1.2 E-6
1.0
9.0 E-7
8.0
7.0
1.93 E-4
8.93 E-5
4.89
3.04
2.02
1.09 E-5
7.93 E-6
7.01
6.25
5.58
2.37 E-5
1.96
1.64
1.16
8.45 E-6
1.06 E-5
8.31 E-6
6.79
1.09 E-5
7.99 E-6
6.31
5.05
4.35
9.05 E-5
2.55 E-5
1.61 E-8
8.55 E-7
5.33
3.66
2.63
2.05
Surface
tension
(lbf /ft)
5.18
5.14
5.04
4.92
4.80
4.65
4.54
4.41
4.26
4.12
4.04
1.68
1.55
1.65
2.07
1.89
E-3
E-3
E-3
E-3
Isothermal
bulk
modulus of
elasticity
E (lbf /in.2 )
Coefcient
of thermal
expansion
T (8R1
2.93 E-5
2.94
3.11
3.22
3.27
3.33
3.30
3.26
3.13
3.08
3.00
1.36 E-5
1.9
1.05
1.48 E-5
1.31
1.14
9.83 E-4
1.45 E-5
1.08
1.78 E-5
1.53
1.32
1.13
9.40 E-4
2.03 E-3
1.7
1.52
1.0 E-4
1.0 E-4
EE English engineering
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491
Fluid
Oil
SAE 50
Lubricants
SAE 250
140
90
85W
80W
75W
a
Temp
(8C)
Specic
gravity
99
99
99
99
18
18
18
99
99
99
99
99
99
SI units
EE unitsa
Kinematic viscosity
(m2 /s)
Kinematic viscosity
(ft2 /s)
Temp.
(8F)
Specic
gravity
2.27 E-5
1.68
1.29
5.7 E-4
1.05 E-2
2.60 E-2
1.30
210
210
210
210
0
0
0
0.92
0.92
0.92
1.81 E-4
1.08
1.03 E-2
2.80 E-2
1.40
2.44 E-4
1.81
1.08
6.14 E-3
1.13 E-1
2.80 E-2
1.40
4.3 E-5
2.5
210
210
210
210
210
210
4.6 E-4
2.7
1.5
1.2
7.5 E-5
4.5 E-5
4.6 E-4
2.7
Minimum
Maximum
0.92
0.92
0.92
1.68 E-5
1.29
9.6 E-4
2.60 E-3
1.30
4.3 E-5
2.5
1.4
1.1
7.0 E-6
4.2
Minimum
Maximum
EE English engineering
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