P1AUIC05 FUEL AND EMISSIONS

Unit I Introduction

L-9

Estimate of petroleum reserve, need for alternate fuel, availability and comparative properties of
alternate fuels, CNG, LPG, Alcohol, Vegetable oil, Bio-gas, ethanol and hydrogen.
Unit II CNG and LPG

L- 9

Types of vegetable oils for engine application, Availability, properties, modifications required in
SI and CI engines, performance and emission characteristics, storage, handling and dispensing,
safety aspects. Alcohol - Manufacture of alcohol, properties, blending of Methanol and Ethanol,
engine design modifications required and effects of design parameters, performance and
emission characteristics and durability. Esterification, biogas, properties, engine performance and
emission characteristics.
Unit III Hydrogen and Fuel cells

L- 9

Production methods, properties, performance and emission characteristics, storage and handling,
safety aspects, working principle, classification, description of fuel cell systems, fuel cell
components, properties of fuel cell, general performance characteristics, emission characteristics,
merits and demerits, Engine modification for hydrogen fuel.
Unit IV Emissions from SI & CI Engines and its Control

L-9

Emission formation in S.I. engines Hydrocarbons Carbon monoxide Nitric Oxide, Lead
particulates Polyneculear aromatic hydro carbon emission Effects of design and operating
variables on emission formation in spark ignition engines Controlling of pollutant formation in
engines Thermal reactors Catalytic converters Charcoal Canister Control for evaporative
emission Positive crank case ventilation system for UBHC emission reduction.
Chemical delay Significance Intermediate compound formation Pollutant formation on
incomplete combustion effect of operating variables on pollutant formation Controlling of
emissions Driving behavior Fumigation Exhaust gas recirculation Air injection Cetane
number effect.
Unit V-Emission Measurement and Test procedure

L-9

Measurement of CO, CO2, by NDIR. Hydrocarbon by FID Chemiluminescent detector for

NOx measurement, Smoke meters Dilution tunnel technique for particulate measurement.
Constant Volume Sampling procedure (FTP) Emission Test Sampling probes and valves
Quantifying emissions.
TOTAL: 45 periods

7. LEARNING RESOURCES:
7.1 Required Resources:
1. Dr. S.S Thipse, Alternative Fuels, Jaico Publications, 2010.
2. Ganesan.V, Internal Combustion Engines, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
3. Crouse.W.M, Anglin.A.L. Automotive Emission Control, McGraw Hill 1995.
7.2. Recommended Resources:
1. Springer.G.S, Patterson.D.J, Engine Emissions, pollutant formation, Plenum Press, 1986
2. Patterson, D.J, Henin.N.A, Emissions from Combustion engines and their Control, Anna
Arbor Science, 1985. Linden.D, Handbook of Batteries and Fuel Cells, McGraw Hill,
1995.
3. Maxwell et al, Alternative Fuel : Emission, Economic and Performance, SAE, 1995
4. Watson, E.B., Alternative fuels for the combustion engine, ASME, 1990
5. Bechtold, R., Alternative fuels guidebook, 1998.
6. Joseph, N., Hydrogen fuel for structure transportation, SAE, 1996.
7. Holt and Danniel, Fuel cell powered vehicles: Automotive technology for the future,
SAE, 2001.
8. Vora K C & Ghosh B, Monograph on Automotive Catalytic Converter, ARAI Publication,
1995.
7.3 Online Resources:
This course uses various resources, such as lecture notes, materials from electronic media,
assignment papers. Students should make appropriate use of these resources.
1. www.nptel.in
8 LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES:
8.1 Learning and Teaching Modes:
This course relies on lectures to guide through the material, tutorial classes to provide students
with class, and a sequence of written and online assignments to provide formative assessment
opportunities for students to practice techniques and develop their understanding of the course.

8.2 Contact hours:

The information below is provided as a guide to assist students in engaging appropriately with
the course requirements.
Activity
Lectures
Assignments
Cycle Test
Model Test
9

Class

Contact
hours
45
45
5
5
2
4
1
3
Total 57 periods

LEARNING ACTIVITIES SUMMARY:

Course Code/Course Name: P1AUIC05/Fuels and Emissions
Year/Sem: I/I
Faculty Name:

Sl No
1
2
3
4
5

Teaching Learning Process

Solving real world problem
Explaining application before theory
Solving problems
Designing of experiments
Problems on environmental, economics,
health & safety
Problems on professional and ethics
Seminar
Problems using software
Self-study
Formulation of problems
Identification of malfunctioning or mistakes
Demonstrations

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Delivery Methods

Assessment
Methods
Assignments
Tests
Exams

Chalk & Talk

ICT tools
Group discussion

Mini projects

CO1: Explain about the basics of alternate fuels.

Sl No

Topic

1
2

Estimate of petroleum reserve,

need for alternate fuel,
availability and comparative properties of
alternate fuels,
CNG
LPG

3
4
5

Date

1/2
1/2

Delivery
Methods
1
1

1/2

1/2
1/2

1
1

TLP

Assessment
Methods
1/2/3

6
Alcohol, Vegetable oil,
7
Bio-gas,
8
ethanol
9
Hydrogen
10
Revision
11
Seminar
12
Class test
CO2: List the different types of alternate fuels.
Types of vegetable oils for engine
13
application,
Availability, properties, modifications
14
required in SI and CI engines,
15
performance and emission characteristics,
storage, handling and dispensing, safety
16
aspects. Alcohol - Manufacture of alcohol,
properties, blending of Methanol and
17
Ethanol,
18
engine design modifications required and
19
effects of design parameters,
performance and emission characteristics
20
and durability.
Esterification, biogas, properties, engine
21
performance and emission characteristics.
22
Revision
23
Seminar
24
Class test
CO3: Describe about hydrogen and fuel cells.
25
Production methods, properties,
26
performance and emission characteristics,
27
storage and handling, safety aspects,
working
principle,
classification,
28
description of fuel cell systems
29
fuel cell components,
30
properties of fuel cell,
31
general performance characteristics,
emission characteristics, merits and
32
demerits
33
Engine modification for hydrogen fuel.
34
Revision
35
Seminar
36
Class test
CO4. Estimate the emissions from SI and CI engines
37
Emission formation in S.I. engines
38
Hydrocarbons Carbon monoxide Nitric

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
7
1

1
1
1
1

3
6

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2
1/2

1
1

1/2

1/2

1/2
7
1

1/2
3
6

1/2
1/2
1/2

1
1
1

1/2

1/2
1/2
1/2

1
1
1

1/2

1/2
1/2
7
1

1
1/2
3
6

1/2
1/2

1
1

1/2/3

1/2/3

1/2/3

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

Oxide, Lead particulates

Polynuclear aromatic hydro carbon
emission
Effects of design and operating variables
on emission formation in spark ignition
engines
Controlling of pollutant formation in
engines
Thermal reactors
Catalytic converters
Charcoal Canister Control for evaporative
emission
Positive crank case ventilation system for
UBHC emission reduction
Revision
Seminar
Class test

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2
1/2

1
1

1/2

1/2

1/2
7
1

1/2
3
6

1/2
1/2

1
1

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
7
1

1
1
1
1/2
3
6

CO5: State the various processes in the emission testing.

49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Measurement of CO, CO2, by NDIR.

Hydrocarbon by FID
Chemiluminescent detector for NOx
measurement,
Smoke meters
Dilution tunnel technique for particulate
measurement.
Constant Volume Sampling procedure
(FTP)
Emission Test
Sampling probes and valves
Quantifying emissions.
Revision
Seminar
Class test

10 ASSESSMENT:
10.1 Principles:
Assessment for this course is based on the following principles
1. Assessment must encourage and reinforce learning.
2. Assessment must measure achievement of the stated learning objectives.
3. Assessment must enable robust and fair judgments about student performance.

1/2/3

4. Assessment practice must be fair and equitable to students and give them theopportunity
to demonstrate what they learned.
5. Assessment must maintain academic standards.
10.2. Assessment Summary:
10.2.1. Mapping between Assessment task and Course Outcomes
Assessment Task
Task Type
Weightage
Assignment
Cycle Test-I
Cycle Test-I
Model Exam
Attendance
University Exam

Formative
Formative & Cognitive
Formative & Cognitive
Formative, Cognitive & Summative
Face to Face Interaction
Formative, Cognitive & Summative

Course Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5

10%
6%
6%
13%
5%
60%

10.2.2. Mapping between Program Outcomes and Course Outcomes

Mapping of courses outcomes to program outcomes
Course outcome

Course outcome 1: Explain about the basics of

alternate fuels.
Course outcome 2: List the different types of
alternate fuels.
Course outcome 3: Describe about hydrogen
and fuel cells.
Course outcome 4: Estimate the emissions
from SI and CI engines.
Course outcome 5: State the various processes
in the emission testing.

Programme outcomes (POs)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

H H L H

H H L H

H H L H

H H L H

H H L H

10.3. Assessment Related Requirements:

1. An aggregate score of 50% is required to pass the course.
10.4. Assessment Details:
Assessment Item
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Cycle Test I
Assignment 3
Assignment 4

Distributed Due Date

rd

3 week
6th Week
7th Week
8th Week
11th Week

Cycle Test II
Assignment 5
Model Exam
Attendance

12th Week
14th Week
15th Week
All weeks as per the Academic Calendar