CHEMISTRY answers

Section I
Part A
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. D
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. A

PART B
Question
21

Part
(a) (i)

(a) (ii)
(b)

22

(a) (i)
(a) (ii)
(b)

(c)
23

Answer

Marks
1

Phenylethene
Names ONE structural property:
Irregularly shaped, not packed together very tightly
Large molecule, higher dispersion forces, stronger polymer bonds
Names ONE physical property:
Light
Easily shaped
Low density
Names ONE use:
Styrofoam cups
Sound proofing
Surfboard core
K2O, CaO
SO2, N2O5
Writes ONE of these:
K2O(s) + H2O(l) 2KOH(aq)
CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2 (aq)
SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq)
N2O5(g) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq)
Can act as both an acid and a base
Identifies the production of polyethylene as an addition reaction and the production of cellulose as a condensation reaction.

1
1

1
1
1

1
1

Defines addition reaction as the opening of the double bond to allow monomers to attach. Defines condensation reaction as the
formation of a new bond which involves the elimination of water.
1
Writes addition reaction equation. For example,

1
Writes condensation reaction equation. For example,
1

24

(a)
(b)

Identifies ONE catchment area e.g. Warragamba dam

Identifies ONE of the following contaminants:
Heavy metal poisoning:
o Lead Pb2+
o Mercury Hg
o Cadmium Cd
o Silver Ag+
Eutrophication
o Cyanobacteria
o Phosphates
o Nitrates
o Ammonia
Hard water
o Calcium Ca2+

1
1

(c)

o Magnesium Mg2+
Outlines chemical test:
Test for heavy metals:
o Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
A solution of the sample is sprayed into a flame to create a vapour of atoms while a light beam is passed
through the flame, the light is analysed by a detector, the results are used to construct a calibration curve
o Precipitation test:
Test for Pb2+: Add Cl- to form white precipitate, or add I- to form yellow precipitate
Test for Ag+: Add Cl- to form white precipitate
Test for eutrophication:
o Colorimetric test:
Nitrates and phosphates are converted to coloured compounds using standard reagents, the depth of
colour is measured, converted to concentration units
o Test for Turbidity:
Pour water into turbidity tube, measure the depth of water at which the black lines disappear
o Test for Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):
Use data loggers and oxygen probe
Test for hard water:
o Lather with soap
Identifies each of the steps and describes each step:
Monitoring the catchment area
o Ensure that the catchment area is clean e.g. ban any agricultural practices, remove dead animals
Screening
o Pass water through metal screens to remove large debris such as sticks, leaves, trash
Aeration
o Add oxygen to the water
Flocculation
o Tiny suspended particles are coagulated together
Sedimentation
o Particles are allowed to settle to the bottom of large tanks and are removed
Filtration
o The water is passed through a bed of fine sand and gravel
pH adjustment

2 marks
for ONE of
these
points

mark for
each step

25

o Adjusting the pH to close to 7

Chlorination
o Chlorine gas is pumped through the water to disinfect the water
Identifies that cellulose can be converted to ethanol
Outlines advantages of ethanol:
Comes from a renewable resource
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions because it is carbon neutral (the CO2 produced is the same that is used up in
photosynthesis)
Ethanol burns more cleanly
o C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Outlines disadvantages of ethanol:
Large resource allocation to agricultural land
Waste disposal presents major environmental problems
Ethanol has a lower heat of combustion than petrol, hence would need to re-fuel more often
Large amount of energy used in the production of ethanol from cellulose
Only 10% can be safely added to petrol, more than that will require modification of engines, which is costly and a hassle

1
1

Assesses the viability of ethanol:

Ethanol has potential to be a petrol additive, but the costs outweigh the benefits, hence it is not economically viable at the
moment
1
1 mark for
flow of
arguments
, and
assessmen
t makes
sense
based on

26

27

Identifies ONE pair of conjugate acid/base:

H2CO3 /HCO3Explains how it maintains the pH:
When H+ is added to the system, the equation shifts to the right, to maintain the equilibrium
When H2O is added to the system, the equation shifts to the left, to maintain the equilibrium
Le Chateliers principle
Uses the equations:
H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) H2CO3 (aq)
H2CO3 (aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Identifies ONE example (i.e. one alcohol and one alkanoic acid to make one ester):
Ethanol and butanoic acid makes ethyl butanoate
Identifies ALL the conditions:
Around 40C
Presence of yeast
Presence of water
Presence of sulfuric acid
Anaerobic conditions
Outlines the procedure with correct use and set-up of equipment:

what
arguments
were
presented
1
1

1 mark
each
1

2
28

Briefly explains Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Outlines the advantages of AAS on society
Outlines the advantages on the environment
Outlines the disadvantages on society
Outlines the disadvantages on the environment
Assesses the overall impact

33

(b)

(i)

(ii)

(c) (i)

(ii)

(d)

(e)

34

(a)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(e) (i)

(e) (ii)

35

(a)
(b)

(c)

(d)

37

(a) (i)

(a) (ii)

(b)
(c)
(d)
(e) (i)

(e) (ii)