Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ARTICLE I
NATIONAL TERRITORY
The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the
islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which
the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial,
fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the
subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters
around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless
of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the
Philippines.
ARTICLE II
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony
of nature.
Valmonte v. Belmonte
FACTS: Petitioner wrote a letter to then GSIS General Manager Respondent, wherein he
requested that he be furnished a list of the Batasang Pambansa Members who were granted a
clean loan of two million pesos each and guaranteed by then First Lady Imelda Marcos.
Before receiving the reply, petitioner wrote again and said that failure to disclose those
information, then he shall be free to do whatever means necessary to legally obtain such
information in the name of public interest.
When the reply was received, the Deputy General Counsel rejected their request.
ISSUE: WON the right to information can be invoked in order to the secure the list.
RULING: Yes. In Legaspi v. CSC, the Court held that it is the constitutional right of the people
to be informed of matters involving public interest and ordered that the government agencies
concerned to act on the petitioners prayer.
In this case, since the loans are contributed by the general public, then every person has the right
to access information in order to secure the publics interest as to how the money is being used.
ARTICLE XII
NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY
What is the Regalian Doctrine?
According to Section 2 of Article XII on National Economy:
All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral
oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and
fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State.
EXCEPTION TO THE REGALIAN DOCTRINE: Agricultural Lands
UNDERSECRETARIES OF THE DENR:
Secretary: Ramon Paje
Chief-of-Staff: Atty. Analiza Teh
Undersecretaries
Administrative & Information Systems: Atty. Ernesto Adobo, Jr.
USEC/COS: Atty. Analiza The
Field Operations: Atty. Demetrio Ignacio, Jr.
Policy and Planning, and Foreign Assisted Programs: Manuel Gerochi
CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC LANDS
Agricultural Lands: lands which are susceptible of growth and suitable for farming purposes;
not limited to crop lands, fisheries, salt beds, fish ponds, etc.; governed by CA 141.
Forests or Timber Lands
National Parks
Mineral Lands
CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN:
Under the Constitution
Agricultural Lands
Forests or Timber Lands
Mineral Lands
National Parks
AGENCIES INVOLVED
MMDA, DENR, DECS, DOH, DA, DPWH, DBM, PCG, PNPMG, DILG
Ruling on CROMB v. MMDA:
Agencies are ordered to clean up, rehabilitate, and preserve Manila Bay, and restore and
maintain its waters to Class B seawaters to make them fit for swimming, skin-diving, and
other forms of contact recreation to waters.
The case has reached its finality on January 2009 since no Motion for Reconsideration was
filed, thus the Execution of Judgment.
The Manila Bay Advisory Committee has thus been created to collect reports and evaluate
the activities herein ordered by the SC.
The ruling is one of a WRIT OF CONTINUING MANDAMUS:
Issued by a court in an environmental case directing any agency or instrumentality of the
government or officer thereof to perform an act or series of acts decreed by final
judgment which shall remain effective until the judgment is satisfied.
Social Justice Society v. Atienza
FACTS: On November 20, 2001 the Sangguniang Panglungsod of Manila enacted ON 8027,
approved on November 28, 2001 and effective on December 28, 2001. This is enacted in
pursuant with the Police Power delegated to Local Government Units to enact law within the
constitutional limits. ON 8027 reclassifies the area described therein from industrial to
commercial; directed the owners and operators of businesses disallowed under Section 1 to cease
and desist from operating their businesses within six months from the date of the effectivity of
the ordinance, and those who are affected are Caltex, Petron, and Shell which are located in the
Pandacan Terminals.
On June 26, 2002, the City of Manila and Department of Energy entered into a Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) with the Oil Companies. They agreed upon the scaling down of the
Pandacan Terminal and asked the immediate removal of twenty-eight tanks starting with the
LPG spheres and the commencing of works for the creation of safety buffers and green zones
surrounding the Pandacan Terminals. They also agreed upon that the Oil Companies shall