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chapter

REFLECTION OF LIGHT:
MIRRORS

Section 25.1 Wave Fronts and Rays


Section 25.2 The Reflection of Light
Section 25.3 The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
1.

Which one of the following phrases most accurately describes the term wave front?
(a) the surface of a plane mirror
(b) the surface of a convex mirror
(c) a surface upon which a wave is incident
(d) a surface of constant phase within a wave
(e) a surface that is parallel to the direction of wave propagation

2.

Which one of the following statements concerning rays is false?


(a) Rays point in the direction of the wave velocity.
(b) Rays point outward from the wave source.
(c) Rays are parallel to the wave front.
(d) Rays are radial lines that originate from a point source of waves.
(e) Rays for a plane wave are parallel to each other.

3.

Which one of the following statements is not a characteristic of a plane mirror?


(a) The image is real.
(b) The magnification is +1.
(c) The image is always upright.
(d) The image is reversed right to left.
(e) The image and object distances are equal in magnitude.

4.

An object is placed near two perpendicular plane


mirrors as shown in the figure. How many images
will be formed?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5

object

5. Daniel walks directly toward a plane mirror at a speed of 0.25 m/s. Determine the speed of the
image relative to him.
(a) 0.13 m/s
(c) 0.50 m/s
(e) 1.0 m/s
(b) 0.25 m/s
(d) 0.75 m/s
6.

Five balls labeled A, B, C, D, and E are


placed in front of a plane mirror as shown in
the figure. Which ball(s) will the observer see
reflected in the mirror?
(a) A only
(b) C only
(c) A and B
(d) A, B, D and E
(e) A, B, C, D and E

Plane mirror

256

Chapter 25

7.

The view in the figure is from above a plane mirror


suspended by a thread connected to the center of the mirror
at point C. A scale is located 0.65 m (the distance from
point C to point A) to the right of the center of the mirror.
Initially, the plane of the mirror is parallel to the side of the
scale; and the angle of incidence of a light ray which is
directed at the center of the mirror is 30. A small torque
applied to the thread causes the mirror to turn 12 away
from its initial position. The reflected ray then intersects
the scale at point B. What is the distance from point A to
point B on the scale?
(a) 0.37 m
(d) 0.89 m
(b) 0.58 m
(e) 1.0 m
(c) 0.76 m

8.

9.

Reflection of Light: Mirrors

Initial
position
of the
mirror

12
30
0.65 m

Normal
to the mirror
in its initial
position

A ray of light is reflected from two plane mirror surfaces


as shown in the figure. What are the correct values of
and ?
Value of
Value of
(a)
26
26
(b)
26
64
(c)
38
52
26
(d)
52
(e)
64
26
In the figure, Joel is using a device known as a periscope to observe
an object, represented by an upright arrow. The periscope contains
two plane mirrors tilted at an angle of 45 relative to Joels line of
sight. Which one of the following pairs of characteristics of the
final image is correct relative to those of the object?
(a) inverted, real
(d) inverted, same size
(b) upright, enlarged
(e) upright, virtual
(c) inverted, smaller

26 o

90

45

45

Only the
10. Two plane mirrors are connected perpendicular to each other,
as shown in the figure. If a person looks into the corner at the
left eye
image straight ahead of him and closes his left eye as shown,
is closed.
which one of the following statements is true?
(a) The left eye of the image is closed.
(b) The right eye of the image is closed.
(c) Both eyes of the image are open.
(d) Both eyes of the image are closed.
(e) There is no image straight ahead of him, so this question is meaningless.

11. An object is placed 1 m in front of a plane mirror. An observer stands 3 m behind the object.
For what distance must the observer focus his eyes in order to see the image of the object?
(a) 1 m
(c) 3 m
(e) 5 m
(b) 2 m
(d) 4 m
12. Two mirrors are arranged as shown in the drawing. Light is incident on the first mirror at an angle of
40.0. The light reflects toward a second mirror. Determine the angle .
(a) 20.0
(c) 15.0
(e) 10.0
(b) 25.0
(d) 30.0

Physics, 7e

TEST BANK

257

Section 25.4 Spherical Mirrors


Section 25.5 The Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
13. The focal length of a spherical concave mirror is 20 cm. What is its radius of curvature?
(a) 5 cm
(c) 20 cm
(e) 50 cm
(b) 10 cm
(d) 40 cm
14. The radius of curvature of a spherical convex mirror is 52 cm. What is its focal length?
(a) +26 cm
(c) +52 cm
(e) +104 cm
(b) 26 cm
(d) 52 cm
15. Which one of the following statements concerning a convex mirror is true?
(a) A convex mirror can form a real image.
(b) A convex mirror must be spherical in shape.
(c) The image produced by a convex mirror will always be inverted relative to the object.
(d) A convex mirror produces a larger image than a plane mirror does for the same object
distance.
(e) The image a convex mirror produces is closer to the mirror than it would be in a plane
mirror for the same object distance.
16. A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 30.0 cm. How close to the mirror should an object
be placed so that the rays travel parallel to each other after reflection?
(a) 10.0 cm
(c) 30.0 cm
(e) 60.0 cm
(b) 15.0 cm
(d) 45.0 cm
17. Which one of the following phrases most accurately describes paraxial rays?
(a) rays that pass through the principal focus
(b) any rays that are parallel to the principal axis
(c) rays that come to a focus on the principal axis
(d) rays close to the principal axis and parallel to it
(e) rays close to the principal axis, but not necessarily parallel to it
18. Which one of the following statements concerning the image formed by a concave spherical mirror
is true?
(a) When the object distance is less than the focal length, the image is virtual.
(b) When the object distance is larger than the focal length, the image is virtual.
(c) When the object is at the center of curvature, the image is formed at infinity.
(d) When the object distance is less than the focal length, the image is inverted relative to the object.
(e) When the object distance is larger than the focal length, the image is upright relative to the object.
19. Santa Claus looks at his reflection in a spherical Christmas tree ornament. Which one of the
following statements concerning Santas image is true?
(a) The image must be real.
(b) The image is farther from the ornament than Santa is.
(c) The image is larger than Santa.
(d) The image must be inverted.
(e) The image must be smaller than Santa.

258

Chapter 25

Reflection of Light: Mirrors

Questions 20 through 22 pertain to the system described below:


An object is placed in front of a concave
spherical mirror as shown below. The three
rays 1, 2, and 3, leave the top of the object and,
after reflection, converge at a point on the top
of the image. Ray 1 is parallel to the principal
axis, ray 2 passes through F, and ray 3 passes
through C.

1
2
3
C

20. Which ray(s) will pass through F after reflection?


(a) 1 only
(c) 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) both 1 and 2

(e) 1, 2, and 3

21. Which ray(s) will reflect back on itself (themselves)?


(a) 1 only
(c) 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) both 1 and 2

(e) 1, 2, and 3

22. Which one of the following groups of terms best describes the image?
(a) real, upright, enlarged
(d) real, inverted, enlarged
(b) real, inverted, reduced
(e) virtual, inverted, reduced
(c) virtual, upright, enlarged

Section 25.6 The Mirror Equation and the Magnification Equation


23. A concave mirror in an amusement park has a radius of curvature of 4.0 m. A child stands in front of
the mirror so that she appears 2.5 times taller than her actual height. If the image is upright, how far is
she standing from the mirror?
(a) 1.2 m
(c) 2.8 m
(e) 7.0 m
(b) 3.5 m
(d) 4.0 m
24. A convex mirror in an amusement park has a radius of curvature of 3.00 m. A man stands in front of
the mirror so that his image is half as tall as his actual height. At what distance must the man focus his
eyes in order to see his image?
(a) 2.25 m
(c) 4.50 m
(e) 6.75 m
(b) 3.00 m
(d) 5.00 m
25. A woman stands 2.0 m in front of a convex mirror and notices that her image height is 1/4 of her
actual height. Determine the radius of curvature of the mirror.
(a) 0.67 m
(c) 2.0 m
(e) 6.0 m
(b) 1.3 m
(d) 4.0 m
26. A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 20 cm. For which one of the following object
distances will the image be real, inverted and smaller than the object?
(a) 5 cm
(c) 15 cm
(e) 25 cm
(b) 10 cm
(d) 18 cm
27. An object is 1.0 m in front of a mirror. A virtual image is formed 10.0 m behind the mirror.
What is the radius of curvature of the mirror?
(a) 0.56 m
(c) 2.2 m
(e) 10 m
(b) 1.1 m
(d) 4.4 m

Physics, 7e

TEST BANK

259

28. The table below lists object and image distances for five objects in front of mirrors. For which one of
the following cases is the image formed by a convex spherical mirror?
Object distance
Image distance
(a)
7.10 cm
18.0 cm
(b)
25.0 cm
16.7 cm
(c)
5.0 cm
10.0 cm
(d)
20.0 cm
5.71 cm
(e)
40.0 cm
80.0 cm
29. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave spherical mirror that has a radius of curvature 40 cm.
Which one of the following phrases best describes the image?
(a) virtual and located at infinity
(d) virtual and located 60 cm from the mirror
(b) real and located 60 cm from the mirror
(e) virtual and located 120 cm from the mirror
(c) real and located 120 cm from the mirror
30. An object is placed 30.0 cm from a convex spherical mirror with radius of curvature 40.0 cm.
Which one of the following phrases best describes the image?
(a) virtual and located at infinity
(d) virtual and located 12 cm from the mirror
(b) real and located 12 cm from the mirror
(e) virtual and located 17 cm from the mirror
(c) real and located 17 cm from the mirror
31. A spherical concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 6.0 cm. At what distance from the mirror
should a 6.0-cm object be placed to obtain an image that is 48 cm tall?
(a) 1.3 cm
(c) 4.2 cm
(e) 6.8 cm
(b) 3.6 cm
(d) 5.3 cm
32. A convex mirror has a radius of curvature of 0.50 m. Where must an object be placed in front of
the mirror such that the image is formed 0.15 m behind the mirror?
(a) 0.38 m
(c) 0.77 m
(e) 0.57 m
(b) 0.19 m
(d) 0.093 m
33. A concave mirror is found to focus parallel rays at a distance of 9.0 cm. Where is the image formed
when an object is placed 6.0 cm in front of the mirror?
(a) 11 cm in front of the mirror
(d) 5.6 cm behind the mirror
(b) 18 cm behind the mirror
(e) 9.2 cm in front of the mirror
(c) 3.6 cm in front of the mirror
34. A rubber ball is held 4.0 m above a concave spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 1.5 m. At
time equals zero, the ball is dropped from rest and falls along the principal axis of the mirror. How
much time elapses before the ball and its image are at the same location?
(a) 0.30 s
(c) 0.63 s
(e) 0.90 s
(b) 0.55 s
(d) 0.71 s
35. A 0.127-m pencil is oriented perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave spherical mirror that
has a radius of curvature of 0.300 m. What are the image distance and the image height if the pencil
is 0.250 m from the mirror?
Image Distance
Image Height
(a)
0.150 m
0.076 m
(b)
0.225 m
0.114 m
(c)
0.250 m
0.127 m
(d)
0.300 m
0.152 m
(e)
0.375 m
0.191 m

260

Chapter 25

Reflection of Light: Mirrors

36. A dime is placed in front of a concave mirror that has a radius of curvature R = 0.15 m. The image of
the dime is inverted and three times the size of the dime. Determine the distance between the dime and
the mirror.
(a) 0.23 m
(c) 0.10 m
(e) 0.038 m
(b) 0.15 m
(d) 0.075 m
37. The inverted image of a light bulb is formed on a screen located 9.00 m from a spherical mirror.
The image is 4.00 times larger than the light bulb. Determine the object distance and the type of
mirror used.
(a) +0.444 m, concave
(d) +0.0278 m, convex
(b) +2.25 m, concave
(e) +36.0 m, convex
(c) +36.0 m. concave
38. A convex mirror with a focal length of 58 cm is used to form an image that is 29 cm behind the
mirror. What is the object distance?
(a) +22 cm
(c) +69 cm
(e) +58 cm
(b) +15 cm
(d) +28 cm

Additional Problems
39. A 6.0-ft tall football player stands in front of a plane mirror. How tall must the mirror be so that
the football player can see his full-sized image?
(a) 2.0 ft
(c) 3.0 ft
(e) 6.0 ft
(b) 2.5 ft
(d) 3.5 ft
40. Which one of the following statements concerning a virtual image produced by a mirror is true?
(a) A virtual image is always larger than the object.
(b) A virtual image is always smaller than the object.
(c) A virtual image is always upright relative to the object.
(d) A virtual image is always inverted relative to the object.
(e) A virtual image can be photographed or projected onto a screen.
41. A plane mirror is 8 ft tall. What is its focal length?
(a) zero feet
(c) 8 ft
(b) 4 ft
(d) 16 ft

(e) infinity

Questions 42 and 43 pertain to the situation described below:


A 3.0-cm object is placed 8.0 cm in front of a mirror. The virtual image is 4.0 cm further from
the mirror when the mirror is concave than when it is planar.
42. Determine the focal length of the concave mirror.
(a) 6.0 cm
(c) 24 cm
(b) 12 cm
(d) 48 cm

(e) 96 cm

43. Determine the image height in the concave mirror.


(a) 0.5
(c) 2.0
(b) 1.5
(d) 3.0

(e) 4.5

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