PR-1522 Procedure For Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings Rev

Petroleum Development Oman
UNRESTRICTED
October 2002
Document ID: PR-1522

Filing Key: EDMS
ProcedureforAnalysisofPipelineRoad
Crossings
Rev0
Keywords:
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any part of
this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
PR-1522
Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings
form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written
consent of the owner.
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK.
PR-1522
Authorised for Issue:
Signed:
Robert Boulstridge
UEL - CFDH Pipelines
The following is a brief summary of the 3 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions
prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Revision
No.
Rev 0
Date
Author
Oct 2002
TTP/1
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Scope/Remarks
New document
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PR-1522
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
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PR-1522
Contents
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................7
BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................7
PURPOSE.............................................................................................................................................8
DISTRIBUTION / TARGET AUDIENCE..................................................................................................8
STRUCTURE OF THIS DOCUMENT.......................................................................................................8
BUSINESS CONTROLS PROCEDURE..............................................................................................9
2.1
SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................9
2.2
OUTLINE PROCEDURE........................................................................................................................9
2.3
SELECTION OF SCREENING CURVE....................................................................................................11
2.4
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.........................................................................................................11
2.5
RELATED FORMS..............................................................................................................................12
ATTACHMENT 1: ROAD CROSSING APPROVAL FORM......................................................................................13
ATTACHMENT 2: ROAD CROSSING SCREENING CURVES .......................................................................... 14
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
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PR-1522
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
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PR-1522
1.
Introduction
1.1
Background
The passage of a vehicle over a buried pipeline will result in additional stress on the
pipeline. The international pipeline design codes recognise this and specific calculation
methods and allowable stress criteria are established to avoid the possibility of failure
under this condition. In general a pipeline will experience less stress from a passing
vehicle with increasing depth of burial.
PDO pipeline construction practice is to construct a windrow above a buried pipeline
with designated crossing points (without windrow) being established approximately
every 2 km along the route. PDO operations occur over an extensive area with thousands
of designated pipeline crossing points. Our ability to police these is low and the PDO
requirement for a minimum burial depth of 1.5 m at designated crossing points reflects
this.
The adoption of this depth of burial generally means that PDO pipeline crossings are
suitable for all but the heaviest of vehicles; the vast majority of which are under the
direct control of PDO e.g. rig moves and seismic vehicles.
Recent cost challenges have led to an occasional acceptance to adopt burial depths that
are less than normal PDO standards. In addition the increase of nearfield seismic
acquisition has led to a desire to create new temporary crossings at locations determined
by the logistics of seismic operations. The overall effect is an increasing need to verify
the acceptance of vehicle traffic over our existing pipeline systems.
In recognition of this trend, the PDO pipeline function commissioned a specialist
consultant to write a road crossing analysis software package called Roadcross. The
software was specifically written for PDO and rights for its distribution and use are also
owned by PDO. The programme was customised to analysis the effect of the most
common heavy vehicles experienced in PDO operations and runs on a Windows format.
The program checks the adequacy of the crossing design against ANSI B31.4 and ANSI
B31.8 requirements. The current version in use is v3.02.
Despite its relative ease of use, the program still requires a specialist pipeline
engineering background to ensure that it is used properly, and that its results are
interpreted correctly. UEL/1 has historically provided this service, although the pipeline
LDSC (Local Design Service Contractor) and other locally established Pipeline design
consultants registered under CC.7410 (Design Pipelines) are also authorised to run the
program.
The majority of proposed pipeline crossings are satisfactory. In an attempt to improve
the response time to queries on proposed new crossings, a number of generic curves
have been produced which are intended to be used by non-pipeline specialists for initial
screening of crossing locations of oil pipelines designed to ANSI B31.4 and Gas
Pipelines designed to ANSI B31.8. For multiphase lines, the gas pipelines curves shall
be used. If the curves indicate the proposed crossing is satisfactory then no further action
is required. If the curve indicates a potential difficulty then the issue should be referred
to UEL/1 or directly to the Pipelines LDSC for further action. Printing of the graphs
shall be done in colour in order to avoid mistakes in D/t curve selection.
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 8 of 35
PR-1522
1.2
Purpose
The purpose of this procedure is to describe the process to be followed in the assessment
of a vehicle in excess of 5 tonnes crossing an existing buried steel pipeline in PDO.
1.3
Distribution / Target Audience

The distribution and target audience of this procedure is PDO contract holders for heavy
vehicle movements and asset owners of pipeline systems.
All supervisory staff shall be responsible for ensuring that this procedure is strictly
adhered to, and understood thoroughly by their team members. If there is any doubt as to
the use of the screening curves, UEL/1 shall be consulted.
1.4
Structure of this Document

This document is structured as follows:
a description of the scope and brief summary of the steps involved
a matrix presenting the roles of the authorised and the responsible persons,
attachments providing the forms and screening curves to be used.
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 9 of 31
PR-1522
2.
Business Controls Procedure
2.1
Scope
This procedure shall apply to crossings involving:
existing pipelines constructed from carbon-steel
vehicles in excess of 5 tonnes gross weight (i.e. with load).
It is noted that existing carbon-steel pipelines may experience corrosion over time and
that this would affect the capacity of a line to sustain external loading. The methodology
adopted in the generation of the screening curves allows for a degree of corrosion which
is generally within the type experienced in PDO.
This procedure does NOT apply to crossings involving:
non-metallic pipeline materials (e.g. GRE pipelines and GRE flowlines)
vehicles with a gross weight of less than 5 tonnes
points where the pipeline is already protected from vehicles loads e.g. reinforced
concrete slabs or culverts/casings
above ground pipelines and flowlines
It is noted that no analysis method is presently established for the assessment of nonmetallic pipeline materials and hence the only solution at present is to provide additional
load protection in the form of reinforced concrete slabs or culverts/casings, such as
detailed in the standard pipeline crossing drawings held by UEL/1. (E.g. drawing
numbers LNG-3-5911-16 or STD-2-4106-01 for temporary or permanent concrete slabs).
Alternative designs shall be formally approved by UEL.
2.2
Outline Procedure
The steps involved in implementing this procedure are as follows:
1. PDO person (originator) who requires his/her vehicle to cross an existing pipeline obtains the
following details for the line:
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
Start and finish point of line (e.g.. Sahmah Qarn Alam)

Service (oil & gas, oil, gas, water)
Nominal diameter (D)
Nominal wall thickness (t)
Grade of Pipeline Material (API 5L Grade B, X42, X52 etc)
Pipeline Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP)
Depth of cover at proposed crossing point (i.e. distance from the crown of the line to the
level of the surrounding terrain)
The first 3 items (1.1-1.3) can usually be obtained from the pipeline marker plates
that are present every 1-km along a pipeline route.
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 10 of 35
PR-1522

The next 3 items (1.4-1.6) should be obtained from either the asset owner or the
TTO/1 pipeline integrity group via the PACER database. It is noted that the MAOP
is not the normal operating pressure of the pipeline and that care should be exercised
in confirming that the MAOP is obtained. (In many cases the MAOP is considerably
lower than the original design pressure)
The last item (1.7) can be obtained from the survey department who should have a
copy of the pipeline alignment sheets, including the as-built records. If the pipeline
was constructed in accordance with normal PDO standards (i.e. no shallow burial
waiver issued) then, in the absence of any specific data, a value of 0.7 m can be
assumed. If no additional load protection (e.g. slab) is required, the actual depth of
cover shall always be verified by hand digging.
1. Originator reviews the curves provided in Attachment 2 and selects the one most
appropriate to the proposed crossing. If the pipeline is for water only then the oil
curves shall be used. If the pipeline has a mixture of oil and gas then the gas pipeline
curves shall be used. The selected curve title should always have a higher vehicle
weight and higher design pressure than that which applies to the proposed crossing.
It should be noted however, that vehicles in weight category 20-50 tonnes tend to
impose a greater stress in the line than seismic vehicles, due to their axle
configuration and narrower tyres. Each type of vehicle must therefore be analysed
separately. A more detailed discussion on which curve to select is provided in 2.3
below.
2. Originator calculates the D/t ratio for the existing pipeline and plots the proposed
crossing condition on the selected curve, interpolating between the provided D/t
lines and the depth of cover. Reading across to the left hand axis allows the hoop
stress in the pipeline to be established.
3. The allowable hoop stress condition is shown on the right-hand axis. This depends
on the material grade and whether the line is considered to be oil or gas service.
4. If the hoop stress derived from the curves is LESS than the allowable stress then the
proposed crossing is acceptable. In this case the originator should complete the form
shown in Attachment 1 and forward to the asset owner representative for
endorsement.
5. If the hoop stress derived from the curves is greater than the allowable stress then
the originator should complete the form shown in Attachment 2 and forward the
details to UEL/1 or the authorised pipeline LDSC for more detailed consideration.
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 11 of 31
PR-1522
2.3
Selection of Screening Curve

It is of paramount importance that the appropriate screening curve is selected. To ensure
that this is the case the selection matrix shown below shall always to adopted:
Table1: Screening Curve Selection Matrix
Pipeline Service
Oil & Gas or Gas
Oil or Water
Vehicle Type
5 20 tonnes
20 50 tonnes
Seismic
5 20 tonnes
20 50 tonnes
Seismic
< 50
Att 2.1
Att 2.2
Att 2.3
Att 2.10
Att 2.11
Att 3.12
Pipeline Pressure (bar)

50 - 100
100 150
Att 2.4
Att 2.7
Att 2.5
Att 2.8
Att 2.6
Att 2.9
Att 2.13
Att 2.16
Att 2.14
Att 2.17
Att 3.15
Att 2.18
When printing the screening curves on hardcopy, this shall be done in colour, so as to
avoid mistakes in D/t curve selection.
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 12 of 35
PR-1522
2.4
Roles and Responsibilities

A summary of the key roles and nominated delegates for this procedure are provided in
Table 2 below.
Table 2: List of Key Roles & Responsibilities
ROLE
Originator
RESPONSIBILITIES
Asset Owner
Representative
UEL/1
Pipeline LDSC
2.5
Obtain base data and determine calculated vs. allowable stress

using appropriate screening curve
Complete crossing proposal from and secure signature from
asset owner representative
Retain master copy of the fully signed crossing proposal form
Construct Crossing
Reinstate crossing and windrow to their orginal condition upon
completion of the work
Check appropriate curve has been used and that the crossing
stress condition is satisfactory
Endorse the crossing proposal form
Conduct detailed assessment of crossings that do not meet the
screening curve requirements.
Custodian of this Procedure
Conduct detailed assessment of crossings that do not meet the
screening curve requirements. Discuss any anomalies regarding
Roadcross v3.02 with UEL/1
Related Forms
The standard pipeline crossing form, which shall be used, is presented in Attachment 1.
The form shall be strictly adhered to by all indicated parties/authorities and be used for
the following purposes:
routing of the crossing proposal through different departments,
providing an auditable record,
recording of specialist advice,
authorisation by means of signatures
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 13 of 31
PR-1522
Attachment 1: Crossing Acceptance Form

Input Data
Units
Actual Value
Pipeline Start & Finish point

Crossing Point
Km
Service (oil & gas, oil, gas, water)
oil & gas, oil, gas, water
Nominal diameter (D)
Mm
Nominal wall thickness (t)
Mm
Grade of Pipeline Material
Gr B, X42 etc.
Pipeline
Maximum Allowable Bar
Operating Pressure (MAOP)
Type and weight of vehicle
Tonnes
Depth of cover at proposed crossing

point (to be verified on site)
Metre
Screening Curve Results

Screening Curve used
Attachment
Estimated hoop stress
Bar
Allowable hoop stress
Bar
Approvals
Name
Ref ID
Signature
Date
Originator
Asset Owner Rep
Specific Roadcross Analysis Results (only conducted if the above results are unacceptable)
Units
Estimated hoop stress
Bar
Allowable hoop stress
Bar
Approvals
Name
Ref ID
Actual Value
Signature
Date
UEL/1
Pipeline LDSC
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 14 of 35
PR-1522
Attachment 2.1: Gas Service,

Vehicle 5 - 20 tonnes
Pipeline Pressure < 50 bar
Max
allow able
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
450
D/t
80
60
400
40
Actual Calculated Max Hoop Stress (N/mm 2)
20
350
347
API 5L-X70
300
297
API 5L-X60
257
API5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
Grade B
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

(top of pipeline to grade)
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 15 of 31
PR-1522

Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
500
D/t
80
60
450
40
20
Actual Calculated Max Hoop Stress (N/mm2)
400
350
347
API 5L-X70
300
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
Grade B
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 16 of 35
PR-1522

Vehicle = Seismic
Max
allow able
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
400
D/t
80
60
40
350
347
API 5L-X70
297
API 5L-X60
257
API5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
Grade B
20
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 17 of 31
PR-1522
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 18 of 35
PR-1522
Attachment 2.4: Gas Service

Pipeline Pressure 50 - 100 bar
Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
600
D/t
80
60
40
20
500
400
300
200
347
API 5L-X70
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
Grade B
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 19 of 31
PR-1522

Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
600
D/t
80
60
40
20
500
400
347
300
200
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
Grade B
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
API 5L-X70
Page 20 of 35
PR-1522

Vehicle = Seismic
Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
500
D/t
80
60
450
40
20
400
350
347
300
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-
208
API 5L-X42
173
Grade B
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 21 of 31
API 5L-X70
PR-1522

Vehicle = 5 - 20 tonnes
Pipeline Pressure = 100 - 150 bar
Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
700
D/t
80
60
40
600
20
500
400
300
200
347
API 5L-X70
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 22 of 35
Grade B
PR-1522

Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
700
D/t
80
60
40
600
20
500
400
300
200
347
API 5L-X70
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 23 of 31
Grade B
PR-1522

Vehicle = Seismic
Max
allowable
stress
(0.72 x SMYS)
700
D/t
80
60
40
600
20
500
400
300
200
347
API 5L-X70
297
API 5L-X60
257
API 5L-X52
208
API 5L-X42
173
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 24 of 35
Grade B
PR-1522
Attachment 2.10: Oil Service,

Max
allow able
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
500
D/t
80
60
450
40
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
322
API5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
217
Grade B
20
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 25 of 31
PR-1522

Max
allowable
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
500
D/t
80
60
450
40
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
20
400
350
322
API 5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
300
250
217
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 26 of 35
Grade B
PR-1522

Vehicle = Seismic
Max
allow able
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
500
D/t
80
60
450
40
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
322
API5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
217
Grade B
20
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 27 of 31
PR-1522
Attachment 2.13: Oil Service

Max
allowable
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
600
D/t
80
60
40
20
500
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
400
322
API 5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
300
217
200
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 28 of 35
Grade B
PR-1522

Max
allowable
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
600
D/t
80
60
40
20
500
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
400
322
API 5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
300
217
200
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 29 of 31
Grade B
PR-1522
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 30 of 35
PR-1522

Vehicle = Seismic
Max
allow able
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
500
D/t
80
60
450
40
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
322
API5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
217
Grade B
20
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 31 of 31
PR-1522

Vehicle = 5 - 20 tonnes
Pipeline Pressure = 100 - 150 bar
Max
allowable
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
700
D/t
80
60
40
600
20
500
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
400
322
API 5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
217
Grade B
300
200
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 32 of 35
PR-1522
Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 33 of 31
PR-1522

Max
allowable
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
700
D/t
80
60
40
600
20
500
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
400
322
API 5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
217
Grade B
300
200
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 34 of 35
PR-1522

Vehicle = Seismic
Max
allowable
stress
(0.9 x SMYS)
700
D/t
80
60
40
600
20
500
434
API 5L-X70
372
API 5L-X60
322
API5L-X52
260
API 5L-X42
217
Grade B
400
300
200
100
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Depth of Cover (mm)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)
Page 35 of 31

PR-1522 Procedure For Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings Rev

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Petroleum Development Oman

Document ID: PR-1522

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK.

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Authorised for Issue:

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK.

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK.

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Distribution / Target Audience

Structure of this Document

a description of the scope and brief summary of the steps involved

attachments providing the forms and screening curves to be used.

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Business Controls Procedure

existing pipelines constructed from carbon-steel

vehicles in excess of 5 tonnes gross weight (i.e. with load).

non-metallic pipeline materials (e.g. GRE pipelines and GRE flowlines)

vehicles with a gross weight of less than 5 tonnes

above ground pipelines and flowlines

Start and finish point of line (e.g.. Sahmah Qarn Alam)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Selection of Screening Curve

Pipeline Pressure (bar)

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Roles and Responsibilities

Obtain base data and determine calculated vs. allowable stress

routing of the crossing proposal through different departments,

providing an auditable record,

recording of specialist advice,

authorisation by means of signatures

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings

Attachment 1: Crossing Acceptance Form

Pipeline Start & Finish point

Service (oil & gas, oil, gas, water)

oil & gas, oil, gas, water

Nominal diameter (D)

Nominal wall thickness (t)

Grade of Pipeline Material

Depth of cover at proposed crossing

Screening Curve Results

Estimated hoop stress

Allowable hoop stress

Allowable hoop stress

Rev 0 (Oct 2002)

Procedure for Analysis of Pipeline Road Crossings