lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbë==

OMMOI=kçK=T=
=

=
=

oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW==
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå==
pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

qÜáë=êÉéçêí=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=éêÉé~êÉÇ=Ñêçã=áåÑçêã~íáçå=éêçîáÇÉÇ=Äó=~ää=é~êíåÉêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=
kÉíïçêâ= Ñçê= pjb= oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= bkpo= EëÉÉ= ^ååÉñ= fsF= ~åÇ= ï~ë= ÅççêÇáå~íÉÇ= Äó= aêK= p~åáí~=
pÅÜêÕÉê=~åÇ=jêK=jáÅÜ~Éä=eçäò=Ñêçã=fåëíáíìí=ÑÏê=jáííÉäëí~åÇëÑçêëÅÜìåÖI=_çååI=íÜÉ=dÉêã~å=
bkpo=é~êíåÉêK=
qÜÉ=êÉéçêí=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÉñéêÉëë=íÜÉ=`çããáëëáçåDë=çÑÑáÅá~ä=îáÉïëX=åÉáíÜÉê=íÜÉ=`çããáëëáçå=åçê=
íÜÉ=Åçåëìäí~åíë=~ÅÅÉéí=äá~Äáäáíó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=~Åíáçåë=í~âÉå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=íÜÉ=
áåÑçêã~íáçå=Åçåí~áåÉÇ=ÜÉêÉáåK=
l_pbos^qlov=lc=brolmb^k=pjbë=

^=ëÉêáÉë=çÑ=êÉéçêíë=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=båíÉêéêáëÉ=aáêÉÅíçê~íÉJdÉåÉê~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=`çããáëëáçå=EëÉÉ=~äëç=^ååÉñ=
fs=íç=íÜáë=êÉéçêíF=ÄóW=

hmjd=péÉÅá~ä=pÉêîáÅÉë=~åÇ=bfj=_ìëáåÉëë=C=mçäáÅó=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=

áå=ÅçJçéÉê~íáçå=ïáíÜW=

bìêçéÉ~å=kÉíïçêâ=Ñçê=pjb=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=EbkpoFI=~åÇ=fåíçã~êí=

cçê=ãçêÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=ëÉêáÉë=çÑ=êÉéçêíë=áå=íÜÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=çÑ=qÜÉ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëI=ëÉÉ=
íÜÉ=ïÉÄëáíÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=båíÉêéêáëÉ=ad=~í=ÜííéWLLÉìêçé~KÉìKáåíLÅçããLÉåíÉêéêáëÉK=

mêÉîáçìë=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=oÉéçêíë=
få=íÜÉ=éÉêáçÇ=NVVOJNVVV=ëáñ=êÉéçêíë=çÑ=qÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=Ñçê=pjbë=ïÉêÉ=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=EÅçãéêÉÜÉåëáîÉ=îçäìãÉë=çÑ=PSM=íç=
QUM=é~ÖÉë=É~ÅÜFK=b~ÅÜ=êÉéçêí=ÖáîÉë=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=~åÇ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=pjb=ëÉÅíçê=~åÇ=äççâë=áåíç=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=~êÉ~ëK==
qÜÉ=êÉéçêí=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=áå=gìäó=OMMM=ESíÜ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=oÉéçêíF=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=ã~êâÉíë=Ñçê=éêçÇìÅíë=~åÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉëI=ä~Äçìê=
ã~êâÉí=áëëìÉëI=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=ÄçíÜ=Ñáå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=`çããìåáíó=éêçÖê~ããÉëI=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÅçããÉêÅÉI=~åÇ=~ëëçÅá~íáçåë=~åÇ=ÑçìåÇ~íáçåë=áå=
íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ÉÅçåçãóK=fí=~äëç=Åçåí~áåÉÇ=áåJÇÉéíÜ=ëíìÇáÉë=çå=îçÅ~íáçå~ä=íê~áåáåÖ=Ñçê=pjbë=~åÇ=åÉï=ëÉêîáÅÉëK=
qÜÉ=SíÜ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=oÉéçêí=áë=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=áå=båÖäáëÜI=cêÉåÅÜ=~åÇ=dÉêã~åK=qÜÉ=êÉéçêí=áë=ÅìêêÉåíäó=çìí=çÑ=éêáåíI=Äìí=~=äáãáíÉÇ=åìãJ
ÄÉê=çÑ=ÅçéáÉë=~êÉ=ëíáää=~î~áä~ÄäÉK=mäÉ~ëÉ=ëÉåÇ=óçìê=êÉèìÉëí=íçW=bkqoJ`ljmbqfqJ_bk`ej^ohd]ÅÉÅKÉìKáåíK=
=
qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÑáîÉ=^ååì~ä=oÉéçêíë=~êÉ=ëíáää=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=Å~å=ÄÉ=çêÇÉêÉÇ=~íW=bfj=_ìëáåÉëë=C=mçäáÅó=oÉëÉ~êÅÜI=ml=_çñ=TMMNI=OTMN=^^=
wçÉíÉêãÉÉêI=qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK=mÜçåÉW=H=PN=EMF=TV=PQNPSPQI=c~ñW=H=PN=EMF=TV=PQNRMOQI=bJã~áäW=áåÑç]ÉáãKåäK==

qÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=íÜÉ=~ÄÄêÉîá~íáçåë=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜáë=êÉéçêí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉJNV=

^= ^ìëíêá~= ki= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=

_= _ÉäÖáìã= m= mçêíìÖ~ä=
ah= aÉåã~êâ== p= pïÉÇÉå=
a= dÉêã~åó= rh= råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã=
bi= dêÉÉÅÉ= br= bìêçéÉ~å=råáçå=
b= pé~áå= fp= fÅÉä~åÇ=
c= cê~åÅÉ= if= iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=
cfk= cáåä~åÇ= kl= kçêï~ó=
foi= fêÉä~åÇ= bb^= bìêçéÉ~å=bÅçåçãáÅ=^êÉ~=
f= fí~äó= `e= pïáíòÉêä~åÇ=
i= iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= bìêçéÉJNV= bb^=éäìë=pïáíòÉêä~åÇ=

^=ÖêÉ~í=ÇÉ~ä=çÑ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=råáçå=áë=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK=fí=Å~å=ÄÉ=~ÅÅÉëëÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=bìJ
êçé~=ëÉêîÉêW=ÜííéWLLÉìêçé~KÉìKáåíK=

`~í~äçÖìáåÖ=Ç~í~=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=~í=íÜÉ=ÉåÇ=çÑ=íÜáë=éìÄäáÅ~íáçåK=

iìñÉãÄçìêÖW=lÑÑáÅÉ=Ñçê=lÑÑáÅá~ä=mìÄäáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=`çããìåáíáÉë=

fp_k=VOJUVQJPRUSJM=

«=bìêçéÉ~å=`çããìåáíáÉëI=OMMOK=oÉéêçÇìÅíáçå=áë=~ìíÜçêáëÉÇ=éêçîáÇÉÇ=íÜÉ=ëçìêÅÉ=áë=~ÅâåçïäÉÇÖÉÇK=

mêáåíÉÇ=áå=_ÉäÖáìã=
 `çåíÉåíë=
=

mêÉÑ~ÅÉ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK R =

pìãã~êó KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK T=

`Ü~éíÉê=N=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK V=
NKNK= qÜÉ=éêç ÄäÉã=~åÇ=~ ééäáÉÇ=ãÉíÜç ÇçäçÖó KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK V=
NKOK= aÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NM=
N K O K N K = aÉÑ á å áí á ç å = ç Ñ =~ Çã áå á ëíê ~ í á î É = Ä ìê Ç É å ë= ï á í Ü = ê É Ö ~ ê Ç = =
í ç = í Ü É= êÉ Åê ìá í ã Éå í = é ê ç Å É ë ë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NN=

`Ü~éíÉê=O=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=pjbë KKKKKK NP=
OKNK= j~àçê=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíë=çå=pjbë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NP=
OKOK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=pjbëD =êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë KKKKKKKKKKKK NR=
OKPK= qÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäç éãÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVT KKKKKKKKKKKKKK NS=
OKQK= pjbëÛ =Çá ÑÑÉêÉåí=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NV=
O K Q K N K = qÜ É = á ãé ~ Å í = ç Ñ = Ñ ~ ãá ä á ~ ê á í ó = ï á í Ü = í Ü É = ê Éä É î ~ å í = ä É Öá ëä ~ í á ç å KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NV=
O K Q K O K = m Éê ëç å ~ ä = Å Ü ~ ê ~ Åí É ê á ëí á Å ë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OMM=

`Ü~éíÉê=P=
qÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ON=
PKNK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìá íãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ON=
P K N K N K = få ëí áí ìí á ç å ë=í ç = Ä É= Å ç å í ~ Å í É Ç=á å = í Ü É= ê ÉÅê ì á í ã É å í = é ê ç Å É ëë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OQ=
P K N K O K = `ç å Å ä ì ëá ç å ë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OS=
PKOK= `çãéäÉñáíó =~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=ç Ñ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OS=
PKOKNK = bîá Ç ÉåÅ É=çÑ=íÜ É=á ãé~ Å í=çÑ=É ãéäç ó ãÉ å í=ä É Öáë ä ~íáçå=áå=áí ë= Éåíá êÉí ó KKKKKKKKKKKK OU=
PKOKOK = i~ï=É åÑçêÅ É ãÉå í =~å Ç=ä ÉÖ~ ä=Å Éêí~á å íó KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM=
PKOKP = `çåÅä ì ëáçå ë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM =

P
 `Ü~éíÉê=Q=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=~Åíì~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí==
ÄÉÜ~îáçìê KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN=
QKNK= ^Çãáåá ëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí==
çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN=
QKOK= qÜÉ=ëíê~íÉÖáÅ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä ~Äçìê==
~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PO=

`Ü~éíÉê=R=
dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR=
RKNK= bäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR=
RKOK= qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉä ë=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=ä ÉÖá ëä~íáçå KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PT=
R K O K N K = fãé ~ Åí = ç Ñ = í Ü ê ÉëÜ ç ä Çë = ç å = í Ü É= êÉ Åê ìá í ã Éå í = Ç ÉÅá ëá ç å KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PU=
RKPK= dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç =íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë KKKKKKKKK PV=
R KP KN K = få áíá~ í áî É ë=ç ê =ê ÉäáÉÑ =ï Ü Éå =ê ÉÅ ê ìáíáå Ö=íÜ É=Ñ á êë í= Éã é äç ó ÉÉ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PV=
RKPKOK = fåáíá~íáî É ë=çê =ê ÉäáÉÑ =ïÜ Éå=ê ÉÅ ê ìáíáå Ö=~= ë ì ÄëÉè ìÉ åí= Éãé äçó ÉÉ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK QM=
RKQK= rëÉ=çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ëìééçêí KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK QN=

`Ü~éíÉê=S=
`çåÅäìëáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=Ñçê=ÑìêíÜÉê=~Åíáçå KKKKKKKKK QP

oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK QR=

^ååÉñÉë=
f= `çåÅÉéíë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK QV=
ff= pí~íáëíáÅ~ä=Ç~í~=çå=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=êÉëìäíë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK RP=
fff= fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK RR=
fffKNK= páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK RR=
fffKOK= ^î~áä~Ääáäáíó=çÑ=ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=çê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK RS=
fffKPK= bîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ééäáÉÇ=ãçÇÉêå=íÉÅÜåçäçÖó=J=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíKKK RV=
fffKQK= aÉîÉäçéãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SN
fff KQKNK = cçê ãë =çÑ= Éã é äçó ã Éåí KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SN=
fff KQKOK = pçÅá~ä =ë ÉÅ ì êáí ó=~å Ç=é É åëáçå= êÉè ìá êÉ ã Éåí ë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SO=
fff KQKPK = aá ëã áë ë~ ä =ä~ï KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SP=
fff KQKQK = tçêâáå Ö= íá ãÉ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SP=
fff KQKR = iÉ Öá ëä~íáçå =Ñçê= ëé ÉÅáÑá Å =ëç Åá~ä= Öêç ìé ë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SP=
fff KQKS = e É~äíÜ=~å Ç= ë~ Ñ Éíó =ê É Öì ä~íáçå KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SQ=

fs= k~ãÉë=~åÇ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Åçåëçêíáìã=é~êíåÉêë KKKKKK SR=

Q=
 mêÉÑ~ÅÉ=
=

båíÉêéêáëÉë=~êÉ=~í=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëíê~íÉÖó=ä~ìåÅÜÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=`çìåÅáä=áå=iáëÄçå=áå=j~êÅÜ=OMMMK=oÉ~ÅÜáåÖ=
íÜÉ=çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=çÑ=ÄÉÅçãáåÖ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=ÅçãéÉíáíáîÉ=~åÇ=Çóå~ãáÅ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉJÄ~ëÉÇ=ÉÅçåçãó=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêäÇI=Å~é~ÄäÉ=
çÑ=ëìëí~áå~ÄäÉ=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ÖêçïíÜI=ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ÄÉííÉê=àçÄë=~åÇ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=ëçÅá~ä=ÅçÜÉëáçå=ïáää=ìäíáã~íÉäó=ÇÉéÉåÇ=çå=Üçï=
ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ëã~ääJ=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=çåÉëI=~êÉK=

qÜÉ= lÄëÉêî~íçêó= çÑ= bìêçéÉ~å= pjbë= ï~ë= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= áå= aÉÅÉãÄÉê= NVVO= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= áãéêçîÉ=
ãçåáíçêáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=çÑ=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉK=fíë=í~ëâ=áë=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=pjbë=íç=éçäáÅóJ
ã~âÉêë=~í=íÜÉ=å~íáçå~ä=~åÇ=bìêçéÉ~å=äÉîÉäI=êÉëÉ~êÅÜÉêëI=pjb=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=~åÇ=íç=pjbë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK=

qÜÉ=êÉéçêíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=éêçîáÇÉ=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí=ëáíì~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=pjb=ëÉÅíçê=áå=bìêçéÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=
ëí~íáëíáÅë=çå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=çå=íçí~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=çå=éêçÇìÅíáçå=Äó=ëáòÉ=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉK=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=
íÜÉ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=êÉéçêíë=ÅçîÉê=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉã~íáÅ=áëëìÉëK=

qÜÉ= lÄëÉêî~íçêó= çÑ= bìêçéÉ~å= pjbë= ÅçîÉêë= NV= ÅçìåíêáÉëW= íÜÉ= NR= ÅçìåíêáÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= brI= éäìë= fÅÉä~åÇI= iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáåI=
kçêï~ó=~åÇ=pïáíòÉêä~åÇK=

aìêáåÖ=OMMOI=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=êÉéçêíë=~êÉ=éä~ååÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=éìÄäáëÜÉÇW=
− eáÖÜäáÖÜíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=pìêîÉó=
− pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=~=Ñáêëí=Öä~åÅÉ=~í=br=`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=`çìåíêáÉë=
− oÉÖáçå~ä=`äìëíÉêë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
− bìêçéÉ~å=pjbë=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=~åÇ=båîáêçåãÉåí~ä=oÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó=
− _ìëáåÉëë=aÉãçÖê~éÜó=áå=bìêçéÉ=
− eáÖÜ=qÉÅÜ=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
− oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=bãéäçóÉÉëW=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=_ìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
− q~ñ=áåÅÉåíáîÉë=Ñçê=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
− eáÖÜäáÖÜíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMO=pìêîÉó=

qÜÉ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= lÄëÉêî~íçêó= êÉéçêíë= áë= Å~êêáÉÇ= çìí= çå= ÄÉÜ~äÑ= çÑ= íÜÉ= båíÉêéêáëÉ= aáêÉÅíçê~íÉJdÉåÉê~ä= çÑ= íÜÉ=
bìêçéÉ~å=`çããáëëáçå=Äó=bkpoI=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=kÉíïçêâ=Ñçê=pjb=oÉëÉ~êÅÜI=ÅçJçêÇáå~íÉÇ=Äó=bfj=_ìëáåÉëë=C=mçäáÅó=
oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=áå=~=Åçåëçêíáìã=äÉÇ=Äó=hmjd=péÉÅá~ä=pÉêîáÅÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëK==

=
cçê=~=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=båíÉêéêáëÉ=adI=ëÉÉ=íÜÉ=ïÉÄëáíÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=`çããáëëáçåW=
ÜííéWLLÉìêçé~KÉìKáåíLÅçããLÇÖëLÉåíÉêéêáëÉK=cçê=ãçêÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=Üçï=íç=~ÅÅÉëë=çê=
çêÇÉê=íÜÉ=êÉéçêíëI=ëÉÉW=ÜííéWLLÉìêçé~KÉìKáåíLÅçããLÉåíÉêéêáëÉLÉåíÉêéêáëÉ|éçäáÅóL~å~äóëáëLçÄëÉêî~íçêóKÜíãK=fåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=éêÉîáçìë=
êÉéçêíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=íÜÉêÉ=~ë=ïÉääK=

R
=
 pìãã~êó=
=

oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=bãéäçóÉÉëW=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=_ìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
− ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= íÜÉ= ÑáÉäÇ= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= ÇÉÅáJ
ëáçåë=Ñçê=PN=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ééêçñáã~íÉ=ëáñ=ãáääáçå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=bìêçéÉJNVK=qÜÉëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~äëç=ëÜçï=~=ëí~J
íáëíáÅ~ääó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ëã~ääÉê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÖêçïíÜ= íÜ~å= íÜçëÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= çåäó= ã~êÖáå~ääó= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=
Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=
− `çåíê~êó=íç=íÜÉ=Öç~ä=ëÉí=çìí=Äó=íÜÉ=br=jÉãÄÉê=pí~íÉë=~í=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄ=pìããáí=áå=NVVT=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= pjbë= áå= é~êíáÅìä~ê= ïÜÉå= êÉÅêìáíáåÖ= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= ÉãéäçóÉÉëI= ~äãçëí= íïç= íÜáêÇë=
ESQ=BF=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=áå=bìêçéÉJNV=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=Ñêçã=íÜÉáê=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉJ
ëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ü~îÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTK=låäó=P=B=çÑ=pjbë=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=
ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉÇK=
− oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áåîçäîÉë=~=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áãéçëÉÇ=Äó=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìJ
ä~íáçåK=få=bìêçéÉJNVI=çå=~îÉê~ÖÉI=PKP=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖçåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=ïÜÉå=
êÉÅêìáíáåÖ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ÉãéäçóÉÉ= ~åÇ= OKN= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ïÜÉå= êÉÅêìáíáåÖ= ~= ëìÄëÉèìÉåí= ÉãéäçóÉÉK= kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëë=
É~ÅÜ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉ= ÖÉåÉê~ääó= Éåí~áäë= çåäó= çåÉ= ëáåÖäÉ= Úïçêâ= ëíÉéÛI= áKÉK= ~= çåÉJçÑÑ= êÉÖáëíê~íáçå= çê=
åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåK=
− However, administrative burdens in the majority of the countries do not primarily stem from the number
and nature of obligatory administrative procedures in the recruitment process in terms of ‘form filling’, de-
livery of the requested information and contacts with authorities. Rather they stem from the preparatory
work, the information collection and the complexity and obscurity of the (entire) employment legislation.
− ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=Äó=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáåÖ=àìëí=çå=çåÉ=çê=çå=~=ëã~ää=åìãJ
ÄÉê=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇëK=oÉäáÉîáåÖ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉèìáêÉë=~=ÜçäáëíáÅ=~ééêç~ÅÜK=
− SMEs’ perception of administrative burdens depends to a large extent on whether an entrepreneur is fa-
miliar with the relevant regulations. It also depends on personal characteristics such as educational and
professional background.
− lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~åÇ=íÉãéçê~êó= ~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=~êÉ=åçí=ìëÉÇ= Äó=pjbë=~ë= ëíê~íÉÖáÅ=íççäë=áå=çêÇÉê= íç=~îçáÇ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=
− qÜÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=áå=ëçãÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=Å~å=ÄÉ=
ìëÉÑìä=áåëíêìãÉåíë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=ëã~ääÉê=ëÅ~äÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=
=

T=
=

=
 `Ü~éíÉê=N=
fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=
=

NKNK= qÜÉ=éêçÄäÉã=~åÇ=~ééäáÉÇ=ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖó=
N
j~åó=ëíìÇáÉë=éêÉëÉåí=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Ü~îÉ=~=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=áãé~Åí=çå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëD=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉK =qÜÉ=tçêäÇ=
_~åâI= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= ÅçåÅäìÇÉë= íÜ~í= çìí= çÑ= ~= äáëí= çÑ= NR= éçíÉåíá~ä= çÄëí~ÅäÉëI= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ÅçåëáÇÉê= í~ñI= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
O
~åÇ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=íçé=íÜêÉÉ=çÄëí~ÅäÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉK =^å=áãéçêí~åí=êÉ~ëçå=
Ñçê= íÜÉ= åÉÖ~íáîÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= çå= ÄìëáåÉëëÉëD= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= áë= íÜÉ= êÉëìäíáåÖ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= íÜ~í=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÅçéÉ=ïáíÜK=

få= íÜÉ= ÑáÉäÇ= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ~äëç= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëI= ïÜáÅÜ= êÉëìäí= Ñêçã= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
êÉÖìä~íáçåI=~ÇîÉêëÉäó=~ÑÑÉÅí=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=àçÄ=ÅêÉ~íáçåI=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=áå=ëã~ää=ÑáêãëK=fí=áë=ë~áÇ=íÜ~í=ëã~ääÉê=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=~êÉ=
Çáëéêçéçêíáçå~íÉäó= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ= äáãáíÉÇ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= êÉëçìêÅÉë= ~åÇ= åç= ëéÉÅá~äáëí= ëí~ÑÑ= íç= ìåÇÉêJ
P
ëí~åÇ=~åÇ=ãÉÉí=íÜÉ=äÉÖ~ä=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíëK =^í=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=íáãÉI=pjbë=~êÉ=êÉÅçÖåáëÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=~å=áãéçêí~åí=ÖÉåÉê~íçê=çÑ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=qÜÉó=êÉéêÉëÉåí=çîÉê=VV=B=çÑ=~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=bìêçéÉK=pçãÉ=OMKQ=ãáääáçå=pjbë=Éãéäçó=SS=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=
Q
íçí~ä=bìêçéÉ~å=ïçêâÑçêÅÉK=jáÅêç=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~äçåÉ=Éãéäçó=PQ=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=bìêçéÉ~å=ïçêâÑçêÅÉK =eÉåÅÉI=áÑ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~îÉ=~=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=áãé~Åí=çå=pjbëD=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=íÜÉáê=àçÄ=ÅêÉ~íáçå=éçíÉåíá~ä=Å~ååçí=
ÄÉ=Ñìääó=ÉñéäçáíÉÇK=

få= íÜÉ= gçáåí= bãéäçóãÉåí= oÉéçêí= OMMM= áí= ëí~íÉë= íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ~= ÖêçïáåÖ= ÅçåëÉåëìë= ~ãçåÖ= íÜÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉë= çå= íÜÉ=
R
åÉÉÇ= íç= ëáãéäáÑó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= Ñçê= ÄìëáåÉëëÉëK = kÉÖ~íáîÉ= áãé~Åíë= çÑ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~åÇ= Ñçêã~äáíáÉë= çå=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ëÜ~ää=ÄÉ=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=~åÇ=äÉÖ~ä=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=ëÜ~ää=ÄÉ=êÉÑçêãÉÇ=ïÜáÅÜ=ãáÖÜí=ÇáêÉÅíäó=çê=áåÇáêÉÅíäó=ÇáëÅçìê~ÖÉ=
S
ÖêçïíÜ=~åÇ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=áå=ëã~ääÉê=ÑáêãëK =^äíÜçìÖÜ=éçäáíáÅ~ä=ëìééçêí=~ë=ÉñéêÉëëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=k~íáçå~ä=^ÅJ
íáçå=mä~åë=Ek^mëF=~ééÉ~êë=íç=ÄÉ=ëíêçåÖI=áí=áë=ëí~íÉÇ=íÜ~í=ãçêÉ=ÉñJéçëí=Éî~äì~íáçåë=çÑ=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ=êÉëìäíë=ïçìäÇ=~ÇÇ=
ÅêÉÇáÄáäáíó=íç=íÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~äêÉ~Çó=ìåÇÉêí~âÉåK=

^î~áä~ÄäÉ=~å~äóëÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉñí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=çÑíÉå=ÑçÅìë=çå=íÜÉ=ëí~êíJìé=
T
éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK =qÜÉó=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉ=çå=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=~åÇ=èì~åíáÑá~ÄäÉ=áëëìÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ëí~êíJìé=éêçÅÉëë=ëìÅÜ=
~ë= íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= íáãÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíK= eçïÉîÉêI= ëç= Ñ~ê= íÜÉêÉ= áë= äáííäÉ= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= çÑ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ëí~ÑÑK=fåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=
íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~åÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=áå=~=ÅêçëëJÅçìåíêó=

N= lb`aI=_ìëáåÉëëÉëD=sáÉïë=çå=oÉÇ=q~éÉI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ëã~ää=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=m~êáëI=OMMNI=éK=NOK=
O= _êìåÉííáI=^KI=háëìåâç=dK=~åÇ=tÉÇÉê=_KI=eçï=_ìëáåÉëëÉë=pÉÉ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=J=oÉëéçåëÉë=Ñêçã=mêáî~íÉ=pÉÅíçê=pìêîÉóë=áå=SV=`çìåíêáÉëI=tçêäÇ=_~åâ=m~éÉêI=t~ëÜáåÖíçå=a`I=
NVVTK=
P= lb`aI=_ìëáåÉëëÉëD=sáÉïë=çå=oÉÇ=q~éÉI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ëã~ää=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=m~êáëI=OMMNI=éK=ONK=
Q= bìêçéÉ~å=`çããáëëáçåI=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëX=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=~=Ñáêëí=Öä~åÅÉ=~í=br=`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=`çìåíêáÉëX=oÉéçêí=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=båíÉêéêáëÉ=aáêÉÅJ
íçê~íÉ=dÉåÉê~ä=Äó=hmjd=péÉÅá~ä=pÉêîáÅÉëI=bfj=_ìëáåÉëë=C=mçäáÅó=oÉëÉ~êÅÜI=~åÇ=bkpoI=_êìëëÉäëI=OMMOI=éK=UK=
R= gçáåí=bãéäçóãÉåí=oÉéçêíI=`lj=EOMMMF=RRNI=OMMMI=éK=QQK=
S= lb`aI=oÉÖìä~íçêó=oÉÑçêã=Ñçê=pã~ääÉê=cáêãëI=pÅáÉåÅÉ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖó=fåÇìëíêóI=m~êáëI=NVVVI=éK=RK=
T= pÉÉ= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉ= ildlqb`eI= pK^K= ENVVTFI= °íìÇÉ= Åçãé~ê~íáîÉ= áåíÉêå~íáçå~äÉ= ÇÉë= Çáëéçëáíáçåë= ä¨Ö~äÉë= Éí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉë= éçìê= ä~= Ñçêã~íáçå= ÇÉ= éÉíáíÉë= Éí= ãçóÉååÉë=
ÉåíêÉéêáëÉë=~ìñ=é~óë=ÇÉ=äÛråáçå=bìêçé¨ÉååÉI=äÉë=°í~íëJråáë=Éí=äÉ=g~éçåI=EfåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉ=ëíìÇó=áåíç=íÜÉ=äÉÖ~ä=~åÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=áå=pjbë=áå=íÜÉ=brI=íÜÉ=rp^=~åÇ=g~é~åFI=mêçàÉí=bfjp=VSLNQOX=káÅçäÉííáI=dKX=pÅ~êéÉíí~I=pK=~åÇ=_çóä~ìÇI=lKI=pìãã~êó=fåÇáÅ~íçêë=çÑ=mêçÇìÅí=j~êâÉí=
oÉÖìä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=~å=bñíÉåëáçå=íç=bãéäçóãÉåí=mêçíÉÅíáçå=iÉÖáëä~íáçåI=áåW=lb`a=EÉÇKFI=bÅçåçãáÅë=aÉé~êíãÉåí=tçêâáåÖ=m~éÉêëI=kçK=OOSI=m~êáëI=OMMM=~åÇ=pÅÜêÕÉêI=bKI=
~åÇ=jK=eçäòI=sÉêï~äíìåÖëÄÉÇáåÖíÉê=wÉáí~ìÑï~åÇ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=rãëÉíòìåÖ=îçå=dêÏåÇìåÖëîçêÜ~ÄÉå=E^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=ëí~êí=ìéëFI=éìÄJ
äáëÜÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=áåW=fÑjJj~íÉêá~äáÉå=kçK=NQQI=_çååI=OMMMK=

V=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

U
Åçãé~êáëçå=áë=ëÉäÇçã=~î~áä~ÄäÉK=_~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë =~åÇ=çå=å~íáçå~ä=ëíìÇJ
V
áÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV I=íÜáë=êÉéçêí=~áãë=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜáë=áëëìÉK=

qÜáë=êÉéçêí=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=fí=áë=ÅçãéçëÉÇ=çÑ=ëáñ=ëÉÅJ
íáçåëK= få= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ëÉÅíáçå= íÜÉ= éêçÄäÉã= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖó= ~ééäáÉÇ= áë= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= íçÖÉíÜÉê= ïáíÜ= ~= ÇÉÑáåáíáçå= çÑ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=

qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=ëÉÅíáçå=ÜáÖÜäáÖÜíë=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ñçê=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëK=cáêëíI=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=
çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=çíÜÉê=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíë=áë=áääìëíê~íÉÇK=qÜÉåI=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=ÑçJ
ÅìëÉë=ÉñÅäìëáîÉäó=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=oÉÑÉêêáåÖ=íç=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=
OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëI=áí=áë=ëÜçïå=íç=ïÜ~í=ÉñíÉåí=íÜÉëÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=pjbëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=cáJ
å~ääóI=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=îáÉïë=çå=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄë=pìããáí=áå=
NVVT=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇI=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉ=Öç~ä=ï~ë=ëÉí=çìí=íç=êÉîáÉï=~åÇ=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=ïÜÉå=
êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

få=íÜÉ=íÜáêÇ=ëÉÅíáçåI=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=áå=ÇÉí~áäK=qÜÉ=~áã=áë=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=íÜÉ=ã~áå=
çêáÖáå= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI= íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉJ
ÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~êÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇK=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=áí=áë=~å~äóëÉÇ=áÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÑáÉäÇë=Eçê=íÜÉ=ÉåíáêÉíóF=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖJ
áëä~íáçå=~êÉ=~= ëçìêÅÉ= çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK= cáå~ääóI= áí= áë=ëÜçïå= íÜ~í= pjbëÛ= éÉêÅÉéíáçå= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêJ
ÇÉåë=áë=åçí=çåäó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=çÑ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Äìí=~äëç=Äó=éÉêëçåJêÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~ÅíçêëK==

få=ëÉÅíáçå=Ñçìê=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉ~ääó=Ü~îÉ=çå=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=ÉåíêÉJ
éêÉåÉìêë= áë= ëíìÇáÉÇK= fí= áë= í~âÉå= áåíç= ~ÅÅçìåí= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= ÄÉÜ~îáçìê= áë= áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ= Äó= ~= ä~êÖÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Ñ~ÅíçêëI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÄÉáåÖ=çåäó=çåÉ=~ãçåÖ=ã~åóK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=áí=áë=~å~äóëÉÇ=íç=ïÜ~í=ÉñíÉåí=
ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ìëÉ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖáÅ=íççä=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
íÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=

få=ëÉÅíáçå=ÑáîÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ïÜáÅÜ=áåíÉåÇ=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=
Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK=få=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=ëÉÅíáçåI=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=~êÉ=Çê~ïå=~åÇ=êÉÅçãJ
ãÉåÇ~íáçåë=Ñçê=ÑìêíÜÉê=~Åíáçå=~êÉ=ÖáîÉåK=

NKOK= aÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
få=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=äáíÉê~íìêÉ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=áë=ê~íÜÉê=
NM
ÅçãéäÉñ=~åÇ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíK =få=~=äçí=çÑ=éìÄäáÅ~íáçåë=áåÇáÅ~íçêë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉ=ïÜ~í=áë=ãÉ~åí=ïÜÉå=ëéÉ~âJ
NN
áåÖ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅçåíÉñí=ïáíÜçìí=éêçîáÇáåÖ=~=ÅçåÅêÉíÉ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçåK =
NO
qÜÉ=rp=lÑÑáÅÉ=çÑ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=~åÇ=_ìÇÖÉí=Elj_F =ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íÜÉ=é~éÉêïçêâ=ÄìêÇÉå=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=íÜ~í=
NP
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ÇÉîçíÉ= ~ååì~ääó= íç= ãÉÉí= áåÑçêã~íáçå= êÉèìÉëíë= Äó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK = qÜÉëÉ= áåÅäìÇÉ= íÜÉ= êÉJ
îáÉïáåÖ= çÑ= áåëíêìÅíáçåëI= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= íÉÅÜåçäçÖó= íç= ÅçääÉÅíI= éêçÅÉëëI= ~åÇ=ÇáëÅäçëÉ= áåÑçêã~íáçåI= íÜÉ= ëÉ~êÅÜ= Ñçê=Ç~í~=
NQ
ëçìêÅÉëI=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=~åÇ=íê~åëãáëëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçåK =

få= ~å= lb`a= éìÄäáÅ~íáçå= áí= ÅçåÅäìÇÉë= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= Ü~îÉ= êáëÉå= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= áå= lb`a= ÅçìåíêáÉë= áå=
NR
êÉÅÉåí=óÉ~êë=ÇìÉ=íç=Éñé~åÇáåÖ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ÇÉã~åÇë=Ñçê=áåÑçêã~íáçåK =få=íÜáë=ÅçåíÉñí=
çåäó=íÜÉ=îÉêó=ÖÉåÉê~ä=íÉêãë=DêÉÖìä~íáçåëD=~åÇ=DáåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ÇÉã~åÇ=Ñçê=áåÑçêã~íáçåD=ëÉêîÉ=~ë=~=ÇÉëÅêáéJ
NS
íáçå=çÑ=ïÜ~í=áë=ãÉ~åí=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK =få=~åçíÜÉê=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=Äó=íÜÉ=lb`aI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=
~êÉ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉÇ=~ë=é~éÉêïçêâ=~åÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=Ñçêã~äáíáÉë=Äó=ïÜáÅÜ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíë=ÅçääÉÅí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=áåíÉêJ

U== qÜÉ=bkpo=pìêîÉóë=çå=ëã~ää=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=EpjbëF=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=áå=íÜÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëI=ëÜçìäÇ=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=âåçïäJ
ÉÇÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ëí~íÉ=çÑ=~ÑÑ~áêë=áå=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=ëÉÅíçê=áå=bìêçéÉ=~åÇ=ÑçëíÉê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíë=í~âáåÖ=éä~ÅÉ=áå=î~êáçìë=ÑáÉäÇëK=oìååáåÖ=~=ëìêîÉó=~ãçåÖ=
ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=T=SMM=pjbë=~Åêçëë=bìêçéÉI=Éå~ÄäÉë=áëëìÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íç=ÄÉ=ëíìÇáÉÇI=Äó=éêçîáÇáåÖ=Åçãé~ê~ÄäÉ=Ç~í~=ÅçîÉêáåÖ=åáåÉíÉÉå=
ÅçìåíêáÉë=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=ïáää=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íç=~=ïáÇÉê=~ìÇáÉåÅÉ=Äó=ãÉ~åë=çÑ=íÜÉ=EÑçêíÜÅçãáåÖFK=bìêçéÉ~å=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=`aJoçãK=
V== bìêçéÉJNV=êÉÑÉêë=áå=íÜáë=êÉéçêí=íç=íÜÉ=NR=br=jÉãÄÉê=pí~íÉëI=kçêï~óI=fÅÉä~åÇI=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=~åÇ=pïáíòÉêä~åÇK=
NM= káÅçäÉííáI=dKX=pÅ~êéÉíí~I=pKX=_çóä~ìÇI=lKI=pìãã~êó=fåÇáÅ~íçêë=çÑ=mêçÇìÅí=j~êâÉí=oÉÖìä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=~å=bñíÉåëáçå=íç=bãéäçóãÉåí=mêçíÉÅíáçå=iÉÖáëä~íáçåI=áåW=lb`a=EÉÇKFI=
bÅçåçãáÅë=aÉé~êíãÉåí=tçêâáåÖ=m~éÉêëI=kçK=OOSI=m~êáëI=OMMMI=éK=NTK=
NN= lb`aI=_ìëáåÉëëÉëD=sáÉïë=çå=oÉÇ=q~éÉI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ëã~ää=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=m~êáëI=OMMNI=éK=NPK=
NO= lj_Dë=êçäÉ=áë=íç=ÜÉäé=áãéêçîÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíI=íç=ÇÉîÉäçé=ÄÉííÉê=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~åÇ=ÅçJçêÇáå~íáåÖ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=~åÇ=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=~åó=ìååÉÅÉëë~êó=
ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅK=
NP= få=íÜÉ=rp^I=íÜÉ=íÉêã=Ú~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëÛ=áë=åçí=Åçããçåäó=ìëÉÇK=fåëíÉ~ÇI=íÜÉ=íÉêã=Úé~éÉêïçêâ=ÄìêÇÉåÛ=áë=ãçêÉ=ïáÇÉëéêÉ~ÇK=
NQ= rp=lÑÑáÅÉ=çÑ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=~åÇ=_ìÇÖÉí=EOMMOFI=éK=OK=
NR= lb`a=mìÄäáÅ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=`çããáííÉÉI=oÉÖìä~íçêó=mçäáÅáÉë=áå=lb`a=`çìåíêáÉëK=cêçã=fåíÉêîÉåíáçå=íç=oÉÖìä~íçêó=dçîÉêå~åÅÉI=m~êáëI=OMMNI=éK=PQK=
NS= få=~å=~åçíÜÉê=é~ê~Öê~éÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=éìÄäáÅ~íáçåI=áí=áë=éçáåíÉÇ=çìí=íÜ~í=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=Åçããçå=Åçãéä~áåíë=Ñêçã=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=áå=lb`a=ÅçìåíêáÉë=áë=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=
ÅçãéäÉñáíó=çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=Ñçêã~äáíáÉë=~åÇ=é~éÉêïçêâK=pÉÉ=lb`a=mìÄäáÅ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=`çããáííÉÉI=oÉÖìä~íçêó=mçäáÅáÉë=áå=lb`a=`çìåíêáÉëK=cêçã=fåíÉêîÉåíáçå=íç=oÉÖìJ
ä~íçêó=dçîÉêå~åÅÉI=m~êáëI=OMMNI=éK=PQK=

NM=
 `Ü~éíÉê=N=J=fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=

îÉåÉ=áå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=fí=áë=êÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íç=Éäáãáå~íÉ=çÄëçäÉíÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=íç=áãéêçîÉ=íê~åëé~êJ
NT
ÉåÅó=~åÇ=íç=ëíêÉ~ãäáåÉ=~åÇ=ëáãéäáÑó=íÜçëÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=êÉ~ääó=åÉÅÉëë~êóK =

^ää=áå=~ääI=íÜÉ=ÇÉëÅêáéíáçå=çÑ=ïÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=ÇÉí~áä=êÉäáÉë=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=çå=íÜÉ=
ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=áë=~ééäáÉÇ=íçK=cçê=íÜáë=êÉéçêí=~=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ÅÜçëÉå=
íÜ~í=ã~âÉë=áí=éçëëáÄäÉ=íç=ÑçÅìë=çå=íïç=áãéçêí~åí=~ëéÉÅíë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=
~ëéÉÅí= ÇÉ~äë= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê= ~åÇ= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ~êÉ= çÄäáÖÉÇ= íç= Öç= íÜêçìÖÜ=
ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=êÉÅêìáí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=~ëéÉÅí=áë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=
~ï~êÉ=çÑ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=ï~åí=íç=êÉÅêìáí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK==

_çíÜ= íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ= ãÉåíáçåÉÇ= ~ëéÉÅíë= ~êÉ=ÇÉ~äí= ïáíÜ= áå= ~åçíÜÉê= ÇÉÑáåáíáçå= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= Äó= íÜÉ= lb`a=
áåÅäìÇáåÖ=~ää=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=~åÇ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=ëéÉåí=Äó=çïåÉêëI=ã~å~ÖÉêëI=ëí~ÑÑ=çê=ÜáêÉÇ=ÉñéÉêíë=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=
NU
ÅçääÉÅíI=éä~åI=éêçÅÉëëI=êÉéçêíI=êÉí~áå=Ç~í~=~åÇ=Ñáää=áå=Ñçêãë=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Äó=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíëK =lå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=íÜáë=ÇÉÑáåáJ
íáçå=~åÇ=áíë=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=~ë=ÑçääçïëW=

NKOKNK= aÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉW=
− qÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=áå=
íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= Åçåí~Åíë= ïáíÜ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI= ÚÑçêã= ÑáääáåÖÛ= ~åÇ= ÇÉäáîÉêó= çÑ= íÜÉ=
êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëX=
− qÜÉ= éêÉé~ê~íçêó= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ÅçääÉÅíáçåX= ~ë= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= Ñáêëí= Ü~îÉ= íç= ÑáåÇ= çìí= ïÜáÅÜ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~êÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Å~ëÉI=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=íÜÉëÉ=åçêãë=~åÇ=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=íç=
ïçêâ=çìí=ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉÅáëÉ=~Åíáçåë=~êÉ=ÇÉã~åÇÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉãK=

^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ìåÇÉê=íÜáë=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=ã~ó=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=çå=íÜÉ=çåÉ=Ü~åÇ=ëíÉã=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëI= íÜÉáê= ÅçãéäÉñáíó= ~åÇ= çÄëÅìêáíóK= lå= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= Ü~åÇ= íÜÉó=
ã~ó=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=EÑêÉèìÉåíäó=ÅÜ~åÖáåÖF=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=áíë=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíóK=_çíÜ=~ëéÉÅíë=
ãáÖÜí=éçëÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=éêÉëÉåí=~=ÄçííäÉåÉÅâ=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=ÉëJ
éÉÅá~ääó=áå=ëã~ää=ÑáêãëK=

NT= lb`aI=oÉÇìÅáåÖ=íÜÉ=oáëâ=çÑ=mçäáÅó=c~áäìêÉK=`Ü~ääÉåÖÉë=Ñçê=oÉÖìä~íçêó=`çãéäá~åÅÉI=m~êáëI=OMMMI=éK=VK=
NU= lb`aI=_ìëáåÉëëÉëD=sáÉïë=çå=oÉÇ=q~éÉI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ëã~ää=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=m~êáëI=OMMNI=éK=RMK=

NN
=

=
 `Ü~éíÉê=O=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=
íÜÉáê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=pjbë=
=

pÉÅíáçå=O=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíë=çå=pjbë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìJ
ä~íáçåë=áå=é~êíáÅìä~êK=qÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë=~=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåí=áë=~å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=
ëáòÉJÅä~ëë= ~åÇ= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ëÉÅíçêK= bîáÇÉåÅÉ= áë= éêçîáÇÉÇ= íç= ïÜ~í= ÉñíÉåí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=
éêçÅÉëë=~ÑÑÉÅí=pjbëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVT=áë=
éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëD= éçáåí= çÑ= îáÉïK= cáå~ääóI= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= çÑ= pjbëÛ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= éÉêÅÉéíáçåë= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåë= áë= éêÉëÉåíÉÇI= ÇÉéÉåÇáåÖ= çå= íÜÉáê= Ñ~ãáäá~êáíó= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= ~åÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇáåÖ= çå= éÉêëçå~ä=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëK=

OKNK= j~àçê=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíë=çå=pjbë=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~êÉ=àìëí=çåÉ=Ñ~Åíçê=~ãçåÖ=çíÜÉêë=íÜ~í=Å~å=Ü~îÉ=~=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=pjbëÛ=ÄìëáåÉëë=
~ÅíáîáíáÉë= áå= bìêçéÉJNVK= qÜÉ= OMMN= bkpo= pìêîÉó= çå= pjbë= êÉîÉ~äë= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë=
NV
Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=~=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çíÜÉê=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=pjbëD=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíë=çîÉê=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=íïç=óÉ~êëK =

cáÖìêÉ=OKN=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=~ää=çîÉê=bìêçéÉJNVI=NM=B=çÑ=pjbë=Eáå=íçí~ä=~ééêçñK=O=ãáääáçå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëF=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=~ÇãáåáëJ
OM
íê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë =íç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=Åçåëíê~áåí=çå=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉK=`ìêêÉåíäóI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
êÉÖìä~íáçåë=êÉéêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=íÜáêÇ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=Åçåëíê~áåí=çå=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëK=låäó=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ëâáääÉÇ=ä~Äçìê=EON=BF=
~åÇ=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=Ñáå~åÅÉ=ENR=BF=~êÉ=ÅáíÉÇ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉåK=OO=B=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=êÉéçêí=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ã~àçê=ÄìëáJ
åÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåí=~í=~ääK=
qÜÉëÉ= êÉëìäíë= áåÇáÅ~íÉ= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ÅçåëíáíìíÉ= ~= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ= ÄçííäÉåÉÅâ= Ñçê= ÄìëáåÉëë= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë=
Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëD=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉïK=qÜáë=áë=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=íêìÉ=Ñçê=ä~êÖÉê=ëÅ~äÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=NP=B=çÑ=pjbë=ïáíÜ=NM=íç=
QV= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= ~åÇ= NS=B= çÑ= íÜçëÉ= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= RM= íç= OQV= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= êÉéçêí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= íç= ÄÉ= íÜÉ=
ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíK=qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçê=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëD=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë=~=ã~àçê=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåí=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÇáÑÑÉê=ãìÅÜK=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Ü~îÉ=~=
ON
ëäáÖÜíäó=ÜáÖÜÉê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=çéÉê~íáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=ëÉÅíçê=íÜ~å=Ñçê=íÜçëÉ=áå=áåÇìëíêó=~åÇ=íê~ÇÉK =

jìÅÜ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=Äó=äççâáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅçìåíêáÉë=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=OKOFK=qÜÉêÉI=êÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ=
ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=Äó=äççâáåÖ=~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë=~=ã~àçê=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíK=få=ëçãÉ=ÅçìåJ
íêáÉë=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=íç=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=éêçÄäÉã=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=ãìÅÜ=ÜáÖÜÉê=íÜ~å=áå=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåJ
íêáÉëK=
=

NV= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=áå=íÜáë=ÅçåíÉñí=Çç=åçí=çåäó=ÅçîÉê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉëK=få=íÜÉ=ëìêîÉó=íÜáë=íÉêã=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ìëÉÇ=áå=~=îÉêó=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ÅçåíÉñíI=íÜìëI=ÖáîáåÖ=~=
ãçêÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=Üáåí=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ãçåÖ=çíÜÉê=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíëK=
OM= qÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=èìÉëíáçå=áå=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=ÇáÇ=åçí=ÑçÅìë=ÉñÅäìëáîÉäó=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=Äìí=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=~äëç=ÑáÉäÇë=
ëìÅÜ=~ë=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíI=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÉíÅK=
ON= cáêãë= ïçêâáåÖ= áå= ëÉÅíçêë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÄìëáåÉëëÉë= ëÉêîáÅÉë= ENP=BFI= íê~åëéçêíLÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå= ENO=BF= ~åÇ= éÉêëçå~ä= ëÉêîáÅÉë= ENN=BF= ëÜçï= ëäáÖÜíäó= ÜáÖÜÉê= ëÅçêÉë= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê=
ÅçìåíÉêé~êíë=áå=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ=EV=BFI=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=EV=BF=ïÜçäÉë~äÉ=íê~ÇÉ=EV=BF=~åÇ=êÉí~áä=íê~ÇÉ=EU=BFK=

NP=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

cáÖìêÉ=OKNW= jçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåí=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=

i~Åâ=çÑ=ëâáääÉÇ=ä~Äçê

^ÅÅÉëë=íç=Ñáå~åÅÉ

^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë

fãéäÉãÉåíáåÖ=åÉï=íÉÅÜåçäçÖó

fåÑê~ëíêìÅíìêÉ

fãéäÉãÉåíáåÖ=åÉï=Ñçêãë=çÑ
çêÖ~åáë~íáçå

nì~äáíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí

fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=Éìêç

líÜÉê

kçåÉ=~í=~ää

MB RB NMB NRB OMB ORB

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

=
=

cáÖìêÉ=OKOW= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë=ã~àçê=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
dÉêã~åó
aÉåã~êâ
cê~åÅÉ
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ

kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ
^ìëíêá~

_ÉäÖáìã
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã
cáåä~åÇ
kçêï~ó

fÅÉä~åÇ
pïÉÇÉå
dêÉÉÅÉ
fí~äó

pé~áå
fêÉä~åÇ
mçêíìÖ~ä

bìêçéÉJNV

MB OB QB SB UB NMB NOB NQB NSB NUB OMB

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

NQ=
 `Ü~éíÉê=O=J=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=pjbë=

qç=ÅçåÅäìÇÉI=Ñçê=ÉîÉêó=íÉåíÜ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjb=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=êÉéêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=ëáåÖäÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ÄìëáJ
åÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíI=ïÜáäÉ=ä~êÖÉê=pjbë=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=íÜ~å=ëã~ääÉê=çåÉëK==

tÜáäÉ=íÜáë=ëÉÅíáçå=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=áå=~=îÉêó=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ëÉåëÉI=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=ëÉÅíáçå=ÑçÅìëÉë=ÉñJ
ÅäìëáîÉäó=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=

OKOK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=pjbëD=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=
qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=éêÉëÉåíë=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íç=ïÜ~í=ÉñíÉåí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóJ
OO
ãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=OKNFK =
=

q~ÄäÉ=OKNW= fãé~Åí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉI=bìêçéÉJ
NVI=OMMN=
= = kìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
= = M= = N= = OJV= NMJQV RMJOQV qçí~ä
kçí=~í=~ääL~=äáííäÉ= TP=B TQ=B ST=B ST=B SU=B SV=B
`çåëáÇÉê~ÄäóLEîÉêóF=ãìÅÜ= OT=B OS=B PP=B PP=B PO=B PN=B
qçí~ä= NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B
pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

iççâáåÖ= ~í= ëáòÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI= ëçãÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= îÉêó= ëã~ää= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= òÉêç= çê= çåÉ=
ÉãéäçóÉÉEëF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉã~áåáåÖ=Öêçìé=çÑ=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ä~êÖÉê=ëÅ~äÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇK=få=Ñ~ÅíI=îÉêó=ëã~ää=ÉåJ
íÉêéêáëÉë=Åä~áã=äÉëë=çÑíÉå=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ä~êÖÉê=ÅçìåíÉêé~êíë=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~îÉ=~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=
íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK==

qÜáë=êÉëìäí=Å~å=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=Äó=ÉñÉãéíáçåë=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉäáÉîÉ=ëã~ääÉê=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=Ñêçã=~=
åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI=ëã~ääÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ãáÖÜí=ÑÉÉä=äÉëë=ÄìêÇÉåÉÇ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉáê=çîÉê~ää=
ÄìêÇÉå=áë=ëã~ääÉê=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=íÜ~í=çÑ=ä~êÖÉê=Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=ãìëí=Åçãéäó=ïáíÜ=~=ä~êÖÉê=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáJ
OP
Ö~íáçåë=éä~ÅáåÖ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=íÜÉãK =
OQ
^åçíÜÉê=éçëëáÄäÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=êÉä~íÉë=íç=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ãçíáî~íáçå=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜK =qÜìëI=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ã~ó=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=íç=í~âÉ=çå=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~í=~ääK=pçI=áí=Å~ååçí=åÉÅÉëJ
ë~êáäó=ÄÉ=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Çáëíê~Åí=íÜÉã=Ñêçã=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~ÅíìJ
OR
~ääó=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑ=íÉåÇ=íç=ÑÉ~íìêÉ=~=ãìÅÜ=ÜáÖÜÉê=ãçíáî~íáçå=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜK =^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=çÑ=ã~àçê=ÅçåÅÉêå=Ñçê=íÜÉãK=
qÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= Äó= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ëÉÅíçêë= ëÜçïë= íÜ~í= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ïçêâáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ= íê~åëéçêí= ~åÇ= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå= ëÉÅíçê=
EPV=BFI=áå=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ=EPR=BF=~åÇ=áå=êÉí~áä=íê~ÇÉ=EPP=BF=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~å=Ñáêãë=ÉåÖ~ÖÉÇ=áå=çíÜÉê=ëÉÅíçêëK=få=é~êíáÅìä~êI=Ñáêãë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=ëÉÅíçê=EOT=BF=~åÇ=áå=ÄìëáåÉëë=
ëÉêîáÅÉë=EOU=BF=Åçãéä~áå=äÉëë=çÑíÉå=~Äçìí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=~=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíJ
ãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=eçïÉîÉêI=ÇÉëéáíÉ=íÜÉëÉ=ëäáÖÜí=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉëI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëÉÉã=íç=ÄÉ=çÑ=ëáãáä~ê=ÅçåÅÉêå=
Ñçê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=~Åêçëë=~ää=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêëK=

få=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖI=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~ÑÑÉÅíáåÖ=pjbëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=áë=~å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=ÅçìåJ
íêó=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=OKPFK=tÜáäÉ=çå=~îÉê~ÖÉ=~ää=~Åêçëë=bìêçéÉJNVI=PN=B=çÑ=Ñáêãë=ëí~íÉ=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëìÄJ
ëí~åíá~ääó= ~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉáê= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= ÇÉÅáëáçåëI= ëçãÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÑçìåÇ= ïÜÉå= äççâáåÖ= ~í= íÜÉ=
ëáíì~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=

OO= qÜÉ=ÑáÖìêÉë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=Çç=åçí=áåÅäìÇÉ=íÜÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=ÚÇçåÛí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉêÛ=E~ééêçñK=R=B=çÑ=êÉëéçåÇÉåíëFK=
OP= sÉêó=ëã~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~êÉ=çÑíÉå=ÉåÖ~ÖÉÇ=áå=ëÉêîáÅÉ=áåÇìëíêáÉëK=qÜÉëÉ=ãáÅêç=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~êÉ=çÑíÉå=åçí=ëìÄàÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ê~íÜÉê=ÅçãéäÉñ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=
êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=
OQ= j®âáI=hKI=~åÇ=qK=mìââáåÉåI=qóÕå~åí~à~âëá=êóÜíóãáëÉå=âóååóâëÉí=E_~êêáÉêë=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~ãçåÖ=cáååáëÜ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇKFI=píìÇáÉë=~åÇ=oÉéçêíëI=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=
fåÇìëíêóI=eÉäëáåâáI=OMMMK=J=eÉåêÉâëçåI=jKI=bå=çåÇ=ÅáêâÉä=ÑÕê=íàÉ®åëíÉëÉâíçêåI=áåW=^êÄÉíëã~êâå~Ç=C=^êÄÉíëäáî=QI=éK=NPTJNROI=NVVUK=J=a~åáëÜ=^ÖÉåÅó=Ñçê=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëJ
íêóI=EqÜÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêFI=OMMMK=
OR= qÜÉëÉ=ëí~íÉãÉåíë=~êÉ=~äëç=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=Äó=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=tÜÉå=~ëâÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=çåÉ=ã~áå=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=éçäáÅóI=çåäó=ÉîÉêó=ÑçìêíÜ=
EOR=BF=Ñáêã=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áåÇáÅ~íÉÇ=EÄêç~Çäó=ÇÉÑáåÉÇF=ÖêçïíÜ=~ë=áíë=ã~áå=çÄàÉÅíáîÉK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=PM=B=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=NJQV=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~åÇ=ÉîÉå=PU=B=çÑ=
Ñáêãë=ïáíÜ=RMJOQV=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=éìêëìÉ=~=éêáã~êáäó=ÖêçïíÜJçêáÉåíÉÇ=ÄìëáåÉëë=éçäáÅóK=qÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=éçäáÅó=çÑ=Ñáêãë=åçí=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑ=áë=íç=~=ÜáÖÜÉê=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ=
Äó=íÜÉ=ëíêìÖÖäÉ=íç=ëìêîáîÉ=EOR=BF=çê=Äó=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=ÅçåëçäáÇ~íáçå=EOQ=BFK=J=bîÉå=ïÜÉå= ÑçÅìëëáåÖ=çåäó=çå=íÜçëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=ïÜáÅÜ=~Åíì~ääó=å~ãÉ=ÖêçïíÜ=~ë=íÜÉáê=
ã~áå=éçäáÅó=~áãI=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ= ëáòÉJêÉä~íÉÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ãçíáî~íáçå=Ñçê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÇÉíÉÅíÉÇK= fåÇÉÉÇI=Ñçê=çåäó=NP=B=çÑ=ÖêçïíÜJçêáÉåíÉÇ=ÉåíÉêJ
éêáëÉë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=ÖêçïíÜ=ãÉ~åë=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜK=fåëíÉ~ÇI=ÖêçïíÜ=áë=éêÉÇçãáå~åíäó=ìåÇÉêëíççÇ=~ë=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=áå=ë~äÉë=ETU=BF=~åÇ=ëíêÉåÖíÜÉåáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåJ
íÉêéêáëÉ=áã~ÖÉ=EQM=BFK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=Ñçê=OT=B=íç=PR=B=çÑ=ÖêçïíÜJçêáÉåíÉÇ=Ñáêãë=ïÜáÅÜ=~äêÉ~Çó=Éãéäçó=ëí~ÑÑI=ÖêçïíÜ=~äëç=ãÉ~åë= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜI=íÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉó=
ã~áåäó=ÑçÅìë=çå=ë~äÉë=áåÅêÉ~ëÉë=ETV=B=J=UR=BF=~åÇ=áã~ÖÉJëíêÉåÖíÜÉåáåÖ=EOV=B=J=QS=BF=~ë=ïÉääK=

NR
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

cáÖìêÉ=OKPW= fãé~Åí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= íÜÉ= ÑáÉäÇ= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= çå= pjbëÛ= êÉÅêìáíJ
ãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
dêÉÉÅÉ
_ÉäÖáìã
^ìëíêá~
pé~áå
mçêíìÖ~ä
cáåä~åÇ
dÉêã~åó
cê~åÅÉ
aÉåã~êâ
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ
fí~äó
kçêï~ó
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë
fÅÉä~åÇ
fêÉä~åÇ
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ
pïÉÇÉå

bìêçéÉJNV

MB NMB OMB PMB QMB RMB SMB TMB UMB VMB NMMB

= `çåëáÇÉê~ÄäóLîÉêó=ãìÅÜ= kçí=~í=~ääL~=äáííäÉ=

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

fåÇÉÉÇI= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêë= áå= dêÉÉÅÉ= ERO=BFI= _ÉäÖáìã= EQS=BFI= ^ìëíêá~= EQP=BFI= pé~áå= EQN=BFI= mçêíìÖ~ä= EPU=BFI=
cáåä~åÇ=EPR=BF=~åÇ=dÉêã~åó=EPQ=BF=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=áãé~Åí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=íÜÉáê=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íÜ~å=íÜÉáê=ÅçìåíÉêé~êíë=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=qÜìëI=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=Ñêçã=
íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=åÉÉÇ=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=áå=pïÉÇÉå=ENU=BFI=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=ENV=BFI=pïáíòÉêä~åÇ=ENV=BFI=
fÅÉä~åÇ=EOM=BF=~åÇ=fêÉä~åÇ=EOM=BF=~êÉ=äÉëë=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

qÜÉ=ä~êÖÉëí=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçÄäÉã=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=ïÜÉå=äççâáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=
áå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=fåÇÉÉÇI=ïÜáäÉ=áå=pïÉÇÉå=çåäó=NU=B=çÑ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáJ
ëáçåë=~êÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=áå=dêÉÉÅÉ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=Ü~äÑ=çÑ= ~ää=pjbë=ERO=BF=ÅçãJ
éä~áå=~Äçìí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

qÜÉëÉ=êÉëìäíë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉ=åçí=éêáã~êáäó=~=éêçÄäÉã=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉë=çê=ÉÅçJ
åçãáÅ= ëÉÅíçêëK= fåëíÉ~ÇI= áí= ëÉÉãë= íÜ~í= áí= áë= ãçêÉ= íÜÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= äÉÖ~ä= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìê~ä= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= áå= íÜÉ= áåÇáîáÇì~ä=
Åçìåíêó= íÜ~í= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉë= íç= ïÜ~í= ÉñíÉåí= pjbë= ÉåÅçìåíÉê= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëK=
eÉåÅÉI=íÜÉ=åÉÅÉëëáíó=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÇáÑÑÉêë=ëíêçåÖäó=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=

OKPK= qÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVT=
^í=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄë=pìããáí=áå=NVVTI=~å=~ãÄáíáçìë=bìêçéÉ~å=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ëíê~íÉÖó=ï~ë=ÉåÇçêëÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=
éêçîáÇÉ=~=ãçêÉ=Ñ~îçìê~ÄäÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=Äó=êÉÇìÅáåÖ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=~åÇ=áå=é~êJ
íáÅìä~ê= íÜçëÉ= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= ÉãéäçóÉÉëK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI= áí= áë= áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ= íç= ~å~äóëÉ= ïÜÉíÜÉê=
bìêçéÉ~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Çç=áåÇÉÉÇ=ëÉåëÉ=~=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTK=

qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=qÜÉ=
êÉëìäíë=ëÜçï=íÜ~í=~äãçëí=íïç=íÜáêÇë=ESQ=BF=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=bìêçéÉJNV=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=Ñêçã=íÜÉáê=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñçêã=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ü~îÉ=~Åíì~ääó=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ëáåÅÉ=NVVT=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=OKOFK==

NS=
 `Ü~éíÉê=O=J=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=pjbë=

qÜÉëÉ=êÉëìäíë=ÅäÉ~êäó=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=çïåÉêë=éÉêÅÉáîÉ=ÖêçïáåÖ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTK=qÜìëI=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Çç=åçí=çåäó=Ñ~ÅÉ=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=ÄìêÇÉåë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=OKOF=Äìí=íÜÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=áë=éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=ëíáää=ÖêçïáåÖ=
ÇÉëéáíÉ=éçäáÅóã~âÉêëÛ=áåíÉåíáçå=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=ÄìêÇÉåK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=OKOW= båíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêëD=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTI=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
= = kìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
= = M= = N= = OJV= NMJQV RMJOQV qçí~ä
fåÅêÉ~ëÉ= QO=B RN=B SV=B TR=B UM=B SQ=B
aÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= Q=B O=B P=B O=B N=B P=B
kç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ= OT=B PN=B ON=B NU=B NR=B OP=B
açåDí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉê= OT=B NS=B T=B R=B P=B NM=B
qçí~ä= NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B
pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

^å=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜ~í=ä~êÖÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ëÉåëÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=íÜ~å=ëã~ääÉê=Ñáêãë=~å=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ëáåÅÉ= NVVTK= qÜÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= Åçãé~åáÉë= áåÇáÅ~íáåÖ= ~å= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåë=êáëÉë=ëíÉ~Çáäó=ïáíÜ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉK=

_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=Ñáêãë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=çê=ïáíÜ=àìëí=çåÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=
åç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=íÜÉã=çê=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=Å~ååçí=ÅäÉ~êäó=ÇÉÑáåÉ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=
OS
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëK = qÜÉëÉ= êÉëìäíë= Å~å= ÄÉ= é~êíäó= Éñéä~áåÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åí= íÜ~í= ~= ä~êÖÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëã~ääÉëí=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~êÉ=îÉêó=óçìåÖ=ÑáêãëK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI=íÜÉó=ã~ó=Ü~îÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=íç=~ëëÉëë=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåë=çîÉê=íáãÉK=
=

cáÖìêÉ=OKQW= aÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ëáåÅÉ= NVVT= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêëD= éçáåí= çÑ=
îáÉïI=Äó=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=

`çåëíêìÅíáçå

j~åìÅ~ÅíìêáåÖ

qê~åëéçêíLÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå

mÉêëçå~ä=ëÉêîK

oÉí~áä

_ìëáåÉëë=ëÉêîáÅÉ

tÜçäÉë~äÉ

bìêçéÉJNV

MB NMB OMB PMB QMB RMB SMB TMB UMB VMB NMMB

= = fåÅêÉ~ëÉ= kç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ= aÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= açåÛí=âåçï=

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

OS= eÉåÅÉI= OT=B= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= ïáíÜçìí= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= ~åÇ= NS=B= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= ïáíÜ= çåÉ= ÉãéäçóÉÉ= ~êÉ= åçí= ~ÄäÉ= íç= ÅçããÉåí= çå= íÜÉ= êÉÅÉåí= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåëK=_ó=ëí~êâ=Åçåíê~ëíI=çåäó=P=B=íç=T=B=çÑ=Ñáêãë=ïáíÜ=íïç=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ñ~ÅÉ=ëáãáä~ê=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=áå=ÅäÉ~êäó=Ñçêãìä~íáåÖ=íÜÉáê=áãéêÉëëáçåK=

NT
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

táíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêëI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=ETP=BF=~åÇ=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ=ESV=BF=ãçëí=çÑíÉå=ëí~íÉ=
~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVT=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=OKQFK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ÉåÖ~ÖÉÇ=áå=íê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=
áå=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=ëÉÅíçê=äÉëë=çÑíÉå=ëÉåëÉ=~=ÖêçïáåÖ=ÄìêÇÉå=ERV=B=J=SQ=BFK=^Åêçëë=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêëI=çåäó=
~=îÉêó=ëã~ää=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=pjbë=EO=B=íç=Q=BF=ë~ó=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~îÉ=ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTK=

qÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ëáåÅÉ= NVVT= Äó= Åçìåíêó= ëÜçïë= íÜ~í= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= áå=
dêÉÉÅÉ=ETU=BFI=aÉåã~êâ=ETS=BFI=cê~åÅÉ=ETS=BFI=^ìëíêá~=ETR=BFI=cáåä~åÇ=ETM=BFI=pé~áå=ETM=BFI=_ÉäÖáìã=ESU=BFI=
íÜÉ= råáíÉÇ= háåÖÇçã= EST=BF= ~åÇ= iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= ESR=BF= áåÇáÅ~íÉ= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~îÉ= áåJ
OT
ÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ëáåÅÉ=NVVT=íÜ~å=Ñáêãë=áå=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=OKRFK =_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÄìëáåÉëë=
çïåÉêë=Ñêçã=pïÉÇÉå=EQQ=BFI=fí~äó=ERQ=BFI=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=ERS=BFI=qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=ERT=BFI=kçêï~ó=ERT=BFI=~åÇ=
fÅÉä~åÇ=ERU=BF=Åä~áã=äÉëë=çÑíÉå=~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=
=

cáÖìêÉ=OKRW= aÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ëáåÅÉ= NVVT= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêëÛ= éçáåí= çÑ=
îáÉïI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
dêÉÉÅÉ
cê~åÅÉ
aÉåã~êâ
^ìëíêá~
pé~áå
cáåä~åÇ
_ÉäÖáìã
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ
mçêíìÖ~ä
dÉêã~åó
fêä~åÇ
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ
fÅÉä~åÇ
kçêï~ó
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå
fí~äó
pïÉÇÉå

bìêçéÉJNV

MB NMB OMB PMB QMB RMB SMB TMB UMB VMB NMMB

= fåÅêÉ~ëÉ= kç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ= aÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= açåÛí=âåçï=

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

^= êÉä~íáîÉäó= ä~êÖÉ= ëÜ~êÉ= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= áåÇáÅ~íÉ= íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= åç= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ëáåÅÉ=
NVVTK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=Ñáêãë=áå=~åó=Åçìåíêó=íÜ~í=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~îÉ=ÇÉJ
ÅêÉ~ëÉÇK==

få=ëéáíÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=~ííÉåíáçå=é~áÇ=Äó=éçäáÅó=ã~âÉêë=íç=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=ëíáää=Çç=åçí=
éÉêÅÉáîÉ=~=êÉäáÉÑ=áå=íÜáë=êÉëéÉÅíK=fåëíÉ~ÇI=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ëáòÉJÅä~ëëI=Åçìåíêó=~åÇ=ëÉÅíçê=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêë= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ~å= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçå= ëáåÅÉ=
NVVTK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI=áå=pÉÅíáçå=P=éçëëáÄäÉ=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=~êÉ=
áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=éçëëáÄäÉ=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÅçêJ
êÉÅíäóI=~=íïç=ÑçäÇ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ÅÜçëÉå=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëÉé~ê~íÉ=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=~ëéÉÅíëI=ÉKÖK=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=
íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖçåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áíëÉäÑ=~åÇ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=~ë=~åçíÜÉê=éçíÉåíá~ä=
ëçìêÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=

OT= fåíÉêÉëíáåÖäóI=çìí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉîÉå=ÅçìåíêáÉë=EdêÉÉÅÉI=_ÉäÖáìãI=^ìëíêá~I=pé~áåI=mçêíìÖ~äI=cáåä~åÇ=~åÇ=dÉêã~åóF=ïÜÉêÉ=~å=~ÄçîÉ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=pjbë=~êÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=
~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=OKOKFI=çåäó=íïç=EdÉêã~åó=~åÇ=mçêíìÖ~äF=ÑÉ~íìêÉ=~=ÄÉäçïJ~îÉê~ÖÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=pjbë=éÉêÅÉáîáåÖ=
~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTK=qÜìëI=pjbë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉã~áåáåÖ=ÑáîÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~êÉ=åçí=çåäó=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=
Äìí=íÜÉó=~äëç=ëÉåëÉ=~=ÖêçïáåÖ=ÄìêÇÉå=ãçêÉ=ÑêÉèìÉåíäó=íÜ~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=

NU=
 `Ü~éíÉê=O=J=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=pjbë=

cáêëíI=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÜ~í=~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=Ü~ë=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=
áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë= áå=íÉêãë= çÑ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= Åçåí~Åíë=ïáíÜ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI= ÚÑçêã= ÑáääáåÖÛ=~åÇ=ÇÉäáîÉêó= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉJ
èìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~êÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜÉó=~êÉ=çêÖ~åáëÉÇ=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=PKN=
~åÇ=PKOFK=

pÉÅçåÇI=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜ~í=~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=Ü~ë=íç=í~âÉ=Å~êÉ=çÑ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=
ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~êÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=PKPFK=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜáë=ÅçåíÉñí=Å~å=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñJ
áíó= ~åÇ= çÄëÅìêáíó= çÑ= î~êáçìë= åçêãë= çê= Ñêçã= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçå= áå= áíë= ÉåíáêÉíóK= qÜÉó= Å~å= ã~âÉ= ~å= ÉåíêÉéêÉJ
åÉìêDë=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ÅçääÉÅíáçå=Ñçê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=ÜÉ=Ü~ë=íç=ÑáåÇ=çìí=ïÜáÅÜ=ëéÉJ
ÅáÑáÅ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~êÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= Ñçê= Üáë= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= Å~ëÉI= ÜÉ= Ü~ë=íç= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ= íÜÉëÉ= åçêãë=~åÇ= ÜÉ= Ü~ë= íç= ïçêâ= çìí=
ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉÅáëÉ=~Åíáçåë=~êÉ=ÇÉã~åÇÉÇ=Ñêçã=ÜáãK=

qÜáë=íïç=ÑçäÇ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=P=Å~å=êÉîÉ~ä=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ã~áåäó=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=~ëJ
éÉÅíë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Åçåí~Åíë=ïáíÜ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI=ÅçãéäÉíáåÖ=Ñçêãë=~åÇ=
ÇÉäáîÉêáåÖ=íÜÉã=íç=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=çê=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=çê=
ÉîÉå=Ñêçã=ÄçíÜ=~ëéÉÅíëK==

OKQK= pjbëÛ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
få=íÜáë=ëÉÅíáçå=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=~êÉ=Éä~ÄçJ
ê~íÉÇK==

OKQKNK= qÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=Ñ~ãáäá~êáíó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=
få=bìêçéÉJNVI=íÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=åÉï=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ëí~êí=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=pçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉã=ã~ó=
åçí=Ü~îÉ=~åó=ãçíáî~íáçå=íç=Öêçï=~í=~ääK=eçïÉîÉêI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íÜ~í=Çç=áåíÉåÇ=íç=Öêçï=ã~ó=ÄÉ=Ü~ãéÉêÉÇ=Äó=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= íÜ~í= êÉëìäí= Ñêçã= çÄëÅìêÉ= ~åÇ= ÅçãéäÉñ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåëK= ^= _êáíáëÜ= ëíìÇó= êÉÅçÖåáëÉë=
OU
íÜ~í=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêëD=éÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÄìêÇÉåë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=êÉ~ääó=áëK =

få=~=cáååáëÜ=ëíìÇóI=íÜÉ=îáÉïë=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=åçí=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑ=ïÉêÉ=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=íÜçëÉ=çÑ=ëã~ääJëÅ~äÉ=ÉãJ
OV
éäçóÉêëK =qÜÉ=ëíìÇó=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇI=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ëí~ÑÑ=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=
ãçêÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=íÜ~å=áí=~Åíì~ääó=áëI=é~êíäó=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=Ü~îÉ=~=ä~Åâ=çÑ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=áå=íÜáë=êÉëéÉÅíK=qÜÉ=
PM
ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=~äãçëí=~ää=Ä~êêáÉêë=ãçêÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=íÜ~å=ÉãéäçóÉêëK =^ãçåÖ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=Ä~êêáJ
Éêë=íç=ÖêçïíÜ=~åÇ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~êÉ=íÜÉ=ÄìêÉ~ìÅê~Åó=êÉä~íÉÇ=ÇìíáÉë=çå=ÉãéäçóÉÉëÛ=ï~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=áå=Å~ëÉë=
çÑ=Çáëãáëë~äK=QM=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÅêáíáÅáëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÄìêÉ~ìÅê~Åó=çÑ=ï~ÖÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=~ë=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=Ä~êJ
êáÉê=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ï~ë=åçí=~ÄäÉ=íç=ë~ó=ïÜáÅÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇìíáÉë=ïÉêÉ=ãçëí=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=~åÇ=ïÜóK=

qÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=íçï~êÇë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ï~ë=ã~áåäó=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=
íÉåÇ=íç=Éñ~ÖÖÉê~íÉ=ÅÉêí~áå=Ä~êêáÉêë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=åçí=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=ïáíÜ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉëK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ÉãJ
éäçóÉêë=ïÜç=Ü~îÉ=~äêÉ~Çó=Ö~áåÉÇ=Ñ~ãáäá~êáíó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ëÉÉã=íç=Ü~îÉ=~=ãçêÉ=
êÉ~äáëíáÅ=çéáåáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=^ë=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=íÉåÇ=íç=çîÉêÉëíáã~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=çÑ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉáê=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Å~ëÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ÇáëÅçìê~ÖÉÇ=Ñêçã=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑK=

pçI=íÜÉ=ã~áå=éçáåí=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=áë=åçí=ïÜÉíÜÉê=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉ=ÅçêêÉÅíäó=~ëëÉëëÉÇ=çê=
åçíI=Äìí=ê~íÜÉêI=ïÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëD=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=áí=áë=Üáë=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=íÜ~í=
áåÑäìÉåÅÉë=Üáë=ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=êÉÅêìáí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

^=cêÉåÅÜ=ëíìÇó=ÅçåÑáêãë=íÜáë=êÉëìäíK=fí=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=ã~åó= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëí~êíÉêë=Çç=åçí=êÉÅêìáí=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ÄÉJ
PN
Å~ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=é~ó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíK =

låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~àçê=áãéÉÇáãÉåíë=ÉåÅçìåíÉêÉÇ=Äó=aìíÅÜ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áë=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=
PO
çïåÉêëD=ä~Åâ=çÑ=Ñ~ãáäá~êáíó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK =^=éçää=~ãçåÖ=pjbë=êÉîÉ~äÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ÑÉÉä=ÇáëJ

OU== _ÉííÉê=oÉÖìä~íáçå=q~ëâ=cçêÅÉI=eÉäéáåÖ=pã~ää=cáêãë=`çéÉ=ïáíÜ=oÉÖìä~íáçå=J=bñÉãéíáçåë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=^ééêç~ÅÜÉëI=içåÇçåI=OMMMK=
OV== j®âáI=hKI=~åÇ=qK=mìââáåÉåI=qóÕå~åí~à~âëá=êóÜíóãáëÉå=âóååóâëÉí=E_~êêáÉêë=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~ãçåÖ=cáååáëÜ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇKFI=píìÇáÉë=~åÇ=oÉéçêíëI=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=
fåÇìëíêóI=eÉäëáåâáI=OMMMK=J=qÜáë=ëíìÇó=Éñ~ãáåÉë=Ä~êêáÉêë=íç=ÖêçïíÜ=~åÇ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Ñçê=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇI=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=ï~óë=çÑ=äçïÉêáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ä~êêáÉêëK=qÜÉ=~ìíÜçêë=ìíáäáëÉÇ=~=
ãçÇÉäI=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçåëáÇÉêë=~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=~åÇ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëÛ=~Äáäáíó=~åÇ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=ÖêçïíÜI=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=éçëëáÄáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=ÖêçïíÜ=áå=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíK=qÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=
íÜÉ=ëíìÇó=~êÉ=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=~=ëóåíÜÉëáë=çÑ=ÉñéÉêí=~åÇ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=áåíÉêîáÉïë=EíçÖÉíÜÉê=QR=éÉêëçåëFI=~=ëìêîÉó=çÑ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Eíçí~ä=RVN=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëF=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Å~ëÉJ
ëíìÇáÉë=ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ=ÇÉã~åÇ=Ñçê=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=áå=~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉÛë=íìêåçîÉê=ïÜÉå=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=áå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÑáÉäÇë=Eëáñ=Å~ëÉëFK=
PM== kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI=áí=ãáÖÜí=~äëç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=íÜ~í=íÜçëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=Ñçê=ïÜçã=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉ=EÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=íç=ÄÉF=êÉä~íáîÉäó=áãéçêí~åí=ïáää=åçí=êÉÅêìáí=ëí~ÑÑI=íÜìëI=êÉîÉêëáåÖ=
íÜÉ=Å~ìë~äáíó=ÉÑÑÉÅíK=
PN== _çÅâÉäI=gKJjKI=o~ééçêí= ëìê=ä~= ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=ÇÉ=ä~=ÅêÉ~íáçå=ÇÛÉåíêÉéêáëÉI=ÇÉ=ä~= îáÉ=ÇÉë=Åê¨~íÉìêëI=Éí=ÇÉ=ä~=ÖÉëíáçå=ÇÉ=äÉìêë=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=EoÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=
ÄìëáåÉëë=ÅêÉ~íáçåI=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íçêëÛ=äáÑÉI=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=Åçãé~åáÉë=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíFI=oÉéçêí=íç=íÜÉ=mêáãÉ=jáåáëíÉêI=iáçåÉä=gçëéáåI=OMMNK=

NV
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

Åçìê~ÖÉÇ=íç=êÉÅêìáí=ëí~ÑÑ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=íçç=ã~åó=~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=^Ö~áåI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜçìí=ëí~ÑÑ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íÜÉëÉ=
êÉ~ëçåë=~ë=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëçãÉ=íÜ~å=Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=Éãéäçó=ëí~ÑÑK=

pïÉÇáëÜ=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ñ~ÅÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ëìÇÇÉåäó=
PP
ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=Ü~Ç=åçí=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=ÄÉÑçêÉK =qÜÉ=ãçëí=
áãéçêí~åí=Ä~êêáÉê=áë=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=^ÑíÉê=Ü~îáåÖ=Ü~Ç=íÜÉ=çééçêíìåáíó=íç=ÄÉÅçãÉ=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=íç=äÉ~êå=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=êÉÅêìáíãÉåíI=~åó=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=Å~ìëÉë=ëáÖåáÑáJ
Å~åíäó=äÉëë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pïÉÇáëÜ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=

páãáä~ê=êÉëìäíë=ïÉêÉ=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=~=a~åáëÜ=ëíìÇó=ÑçÅìëëáåÖ=çå=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=éêáã~êó=êÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=
PQ
åçí=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑK =qÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áë=ã~áåäó=~îçáÇÉÇ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëD=ëÅÉéíáÅáëã=
ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= íÜÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= Ü~ëëäÉ= íÜÉó= éêÉëìãÉ= íÜÉó= ïáää= ÖÉí= áåîçäîÉÇ= áåK= ^ÑíÉê= Ü~îáåÖ= êÉÅêìáíÉÇ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí=
ÉãéäçóÉÉI=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ë~ó=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉ=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=íç=~=ÖêÉ~í=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåíë=~êÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK=

qç=ÅçåÅäìÇÉI=íÜÉ=çÄëÅìêáíó=~åÇ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=~äêÉ~Çó=êÉéêÉëÉåíë=~=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=Ä~êêáÉê=Ñçê=
ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= ÉãéäçóÉêëK= _ìí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ~êÉ= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= íç= ÄÉ= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ÜáÖÜ= Äó= éçíÉåíá~äI= ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=
ÉãéäçóÉêëK=páãéäáÑóáåÖ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=éêçîáÇáåÖ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ëÉÉã=íç=ÄÉ=~ééêçJ
éêá~íÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=Ä~êêáÉêë=~åÇ=íç=Ñ~Åáäáí~íÉ=íÜÉ=áåáíá~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ëí~ÑÑK=

OKQKOK= mÉêëçå~ä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=
qÜÉ=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÇçÉë=åçí=çåäó=ÇÉéÉåÇ=çå=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉê=áë=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=çê=åçíK=qÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêDë=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=ã~ó=~äëç=ÄÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=Üáë=çïå=éÉêJ
ëçå~ä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëK=få=~=aìíÅÜ=ëíìÇó=áí=áë=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=éêáã~êáäó=íÜÉ=~ÖÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=çÑ=
PR
íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=ÜáãëÉäÑ=~êÉ=áãéçêí~åí=Ñ~Åíçêë=áÑ=ÜÉ=ÉåÅçìåíÉêë=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑK ==
PS
qïç=dÉêã~å=ëíìÇáÉë =ÉãéÜ~ëáëÉ=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=çïåÉêëD=~ÅíáîÉ=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=~åÇ=ÅçJçéÉê~íáçåK=
pçI=ÅçãéäáÅ~íáçåë=~åÇ=ÇÉä~óë=áå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ã~ó=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉáê=çêáÖáå=áå=áåÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=éìÄäáÅ=~ÇãáåáJ
ëíê~íáçå=~äçåÉK=qÜÉêÉ=áë=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=éêçÄäÉãë=çÑíÉå=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉáê=çêáÖáå=áå=éççêäó=áåÑçêãÉÇ=ÄìëáåÉëë=çïåÉêë=ëìÄJ
ãáííáåÖ=áåÅçãéäÉíÉ=ÇçÅìãÉåíëK=få=ÖÉåÉê~äI=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=çïåÉêë=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëçìêÅÉëI=
íÜÉ=äÉëë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êáëÉK=

^= _êáíáëÜ= ëíìÇó= Ü~ë= êÉîÉ~äÉÇ=~= ÜáÖÜ= äÉîÉä= çÑ= áÖåçê~åÅÉ=~ãçåÖ= ÄìëáåÉëë= çïåÉêë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÇÉí~áäë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí= äÉÖáëä~íáçåK= qÜÉêÉ= ï~ëI= ÜçïÉîÉêI= ~= åçíáÅÉ~ÄäÉ= íÉåÇÉåÅó= ~ãçåÖ= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= íç= ã~âÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= éêçÑÉëJ
PT
ëáçå~ä= Åçåëìäí~åíë= íç= êÉîáÉï= ~åÇ= êÉîáëÉ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= Åçåíê~Åíë= ~åÇ= çíÜÉê= éçäáÅó= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅÉ= ÇçÅìãÉåíëK = ^åJ
çíÜÉê=ëíìÇó=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=ëã~ääÉê=Ñáêãë=~êÉ=ÄìêÇÉåÉÇ=Äó=åÉï=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=ÉáíÜÉê=~í=íÜÉ=Ü~åÇë=çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=çê=íÜÉáê=çïå=ä~Åâ=çÑ=~ééäáÅ~íáçåI=áKÉK=çïå=áå~ÅíáîáíóI=áÖåçJ
PU
ê~åÅÉ=çê=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉ=~îçáÇ~åÅÉK =`çåÅÉåíê~íáåÖ=çå=Çáëãáëë~ä=Å~ëÉë=ÄÉáåÖ=ÄêçìÖÜí=íç=bãéäçóãÉåí=qêáÄìå~äI=áí=ï~ë=
åçíÉÇ= íÜ~í= íÜÉ= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= ìåÑ~áê= Çáëãáëë~ä= Å~ëÉë= Å~ãÉ= Ñêçã= ëã~ääÉê= Ñáêãë= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= çåÉ= ~åÇ= QV= ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉëK=^=ä~Åâ=çÑ=éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä=Üìã~å=êÉëçìêÅÉë=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëí~ÑÑ=ï~ë=ãÉåíáçåÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=êÉ~J
ëçåI=ëç=ä~Äçìê=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=áëëìÉë=ïÉêÉ=Ü~åÇäÉÇ=áåÅçêêÉÅíäó=Äó=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëK=

PO== káÉÜçÑI=gKI=~åÇ=bK=î~å=píê~íÉåI=_ÉäÉããÉêáåÖÉå=îççê=ÜÉí=áå=ÇáÉåëí= åÉãÉå= î~å=éÉêëçåÉÉä=áå=ÜÉí= jh_=EfãéÉÇáãÉåíë=íç=ëí~ÑÑ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= áå=pjbëFI=bfjI=wçÉíÉêãÉÉêI=

NVVUK=líÜÉê=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=Ñ~Åíçêë=áåÅäìÇÉW=ï~ÖÉ=ÅçëíëI=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Ñêçã=Çáëãáëë~ä=EÑÉ~ê=çÑ=äçåÖ=~åÇ=Åçëíäó=Çáëãáëë~ä=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëFI=éêáî~íáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=páÅâåÉëë=
_ÉåÉÑáí=^Åí=EwtF=EÑáå~åÅá~ä=êáëâë=çÑ=áääåÉëë=çê=áåÅ~é~Åáíó=íç=ïçêâFI=äáãáíÉÇ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=Å~é~ÅáíáÉë=çÑ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëI=ëçÅáçJåçêã~íáîÉ=ÅêáíÉêá~=~ë=êÉÖ~êÇë=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=~åÇ=
ëÉäÉÅíáçåK=
PP== bÇáåI=mKJ^KI=~åÇ=_K=eçäãäìåÇI=bÑÑÉâíÉê=~î=~åëí®ääåáåÖëëâóÇÇI=_áä~Ö~=íáää=NVVO=™êë=~êÄÉíëê®ííëâçããáíí¨ë=ÄÉí®åâ~åÇÉI=plrNVVPWPOI=píçÅâÜçäãI=NVVPK=
PQ== a~åáëÜ=^ÖÉåÅó=Ñçê=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóI=EqÜÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêFI=OMMMK=Eáå=a~åáëÜFK=
PR== káÉÜçÑI=gKI=~åÇ=bK=î~å=píê~íÉåI=_ÉäÉããÉêáåÖÉå=îççê=ÜÉí=áå=ÇáÉåëí= åÉãÉå= î~å=éÉêëçåÉÉä=áå=ÜÉí= jh_=EfãéÉÇáãÉåíë=íç=ëí~ÑÑ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= áå=pjbëFI=bfjI=wçÉíÉêãÉÉêI=
NVVUK=
PS== pÅÜêÕÉêI=bKI=~åÇ=jK=eçäòI=sÉêï~äíìåÖëÄÉÇáåÖíÉê=wÉáí~ìÑï~åÇ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=rãëÉíòìåÖ=îçå=dêÏåÇìåÖëîçêÜ~ÄÉå=E^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=ëí~êí=
ìéëFI= éìÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó= fÑj= _çåå= áåW= fÑjJj~íÉêá~äáÉå= kçK= NQQI= _çååI= OMMMK= J= cêáÉÇêáÅÜI= tKI= eK= hê~åíò= ~åÇ= jK= pÅÜçêåI= ^ÄÄ~ì= ÄÏêçâê~íáëÅÜÉê= eÉããåáëëÉ= ÄÉá= bñáëíÉåJ
òÖêÏåÇìåÖÉå=ìåÇ=JÏÄÉêå~ÜãÉå=EoÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëí~êí=ìéë=~åÇ=í~âÉJçîÉêëFI=áåW=píìÇáÉå=ÇÉê=tpc=táêíëÅÜ~ÑíëJ=ìåÇ=pçòá~äÑçêëÅÜìåÖI=
eÉÑí=OQI=hÉêéÉåI=OMMMK=
PT== j~êäçïI=pKI=~åÇ=^K=píê~åÖÉI=pã~ää=cáêã=i~Äçìê=J=^=s~äìÉÇ=^ëëÉí=Äìí=kÉÖäÉÅíÉÇ=oÉëçìêÅÉ\I=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=oÉéçêí= íç=íÜÉ=iÉáÅÉëíÉêëÜáêÉ=`ÉåíêÉ=Ñçê=båíÉêéêáëÉI=OMMMK=E^Å~J
ÇÉãáÅ=ëíìÇó=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=áåíÉêîáÉïë=ïáíÜ=QQ=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ=Ñáêã=çïåÉêë=~åÇ=TO=ÉãéäçóÉÉëKFK=
PU= táåíÉêëI=gKI=~åÇ=`K=kçä~åI=açÉë=åÉï=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=Å~ìëÉ=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=íç=Ñ~áä\I=é~éÉê=íç=íÜÉ=_êáíáëÜ=råáîÉêëáíáÉë=fåÇìëíêá~ä=oÉä~íáçåë=`çåÑÉêÉåÅÉI=råáîÉêëáíó=çÑ=
t~êïáÅâI=OMMMK=E`çåÑÉêÉåÅÉ=é~éÉê=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=áåíÉêîáÉïë=ïáíÜ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=íêáÄìå~ä=ãÉãÄÉêëI=~åÇ=Å~ëÉ=ëíìÇáÉë=çÑ=S=ëã~ääÉê=Ñáêãë=áå=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=ëÉÅíçêKF=

OM=
 `Ü~éíÉê=P=
qÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
=

få=íÜáë=ëÉÅíáçå=íÜÉ=çêáÖáå=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=áå=ÇÉí~áäK=få=pÉÅíáçå=PKN=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=
~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~ë=~=éçëëáÄäÉ=ëçìêÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉ=~å~äóëÉÇK=få=pÉÅíáçå=
PKO= íÜÉ= ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ= çÄëÅìêáíó= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~ë= ~åçíÜÉê= éçëëáÄäÉ= ëçìêÅÉ= Ñçê= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêJ
ÇÉåë=~êÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=~å=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=~å=ÉåíêÉJ
éêÉåÉìê=Ü~ë=íç=Çç=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK==

PKNK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=éä~ÅÉÇ=çå=ëã~ää=~åÇ=ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ã~ó=~êáëÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖçåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=qÜìëI=íÜÉó=êÉÑÉê=íç=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=
é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=

qÜÉ=íÉêã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=áåÅäìÇÉë=~ää=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Åçåí~Åíë=~å=ÉãéäçóÉê=Ü~ë=íç=ã~âÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=
PV
~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK =låäó=íÜçëÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Ñçê=~ää=âáåÇë=çÑ=
ÉãéäçóÉêë= ~åÇ= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= ÇáêÉÅíäó= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= áíëÉäÑ= ~êÉ= êÉÅçêÇÉÇK= få= çêÇÉê= íç= Ü~îÉ= ~= ãçêÉ=
çÄàÉÅíáîÉ= áåÇáÅ~íçê= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ~Åíì~ä= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉå= êÉëìäíáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë=
ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=Ü~ë=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=
éêçÅÉëëK=qÜÉ=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=çÑ=~å=~ÖÖêÉÖ~íÉÇ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=ïçìäÇ=çåäó=ÄÉ=
éçëëáÄäÉ=áÑ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=íÜÉáê=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä=~åÇ=éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇ=~ë=
ïÉää=~ë=íÜÉáê=Ñ~ãáäá~êáíó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇK=^ë=íÜÉëÉ=éÉêëçå~ä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=î~êó=ÄÉJ
íïÉÉå=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ÉñÅäìÇÉÇK=

bîáÇÉåÅÉ=éêçîáÇÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=bkpoJm~êíåÉê=fåëíáíìíáçåë=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=áå=~ää=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVI=É~ÅÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=êÉèìáêÉë=çåäó=~=îÉêó=äáãáíÉÇ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=íáãÉK=låÅÉ=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ÅçääÉÅíÉÇ=~åÇ=
QM
ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇI=áí=ìëì~ääó=í~âÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÑáîÉ=ãáåìíÉë=~åÇ=~å=Üçìê=íç=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=~ää=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=ÑçêãëK ==

^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=Éåí~áä=çåäó=çåÉJçÑÑ=êÉÖáëíê~íáçåë=çê=åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåë=íç=
íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=qÜÉó=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑìäÑáääÉÇ=áå=çåÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=ëíÉé=çåäóK=^ÑíÉê=Ü~îáåÖ=ã~ÇÉ=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=åçíáÑáÅ~J
íáçåI=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=Éåí~áä=~åó=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ïçêâ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêK=fãéçêí~åíäóI=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áë=
åçí=ÇÉä~óÉÇ=Äó=~åó=âáåÇ=çÑ=äÉåÖíÜó=éÉêãáëëáçåëK=pçI=Ñáêãë=Çç=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íç=ï~áí=Ñçê=~åó=éÉêãáëëáçå=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉó=Å~å=
QN
ÅçåíáåìÉ=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK =

cáÖìêÉ=PKN=áääìëíê~íÉë=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Äó=ÅçìåíêóK=qïç=ÇáëíáåÅíáçåë=Ü~îÉ=
ÄÉÉå=ã~ÇÉK=cáêëíI=áå=ëçãÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=íÉêãáå~íÉÇ=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=ëí~êí=

PV= få=Å~ëÉ=çåÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=áåëíáíìíáçå=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ=íïáÅÉ=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=íÜáë=áåÅáÇÉåí=áë=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=íç=ÅçãéêáëÉ=íïç=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëíÉéëK=
QM= qÜÉ=áåÇáÅ~íÉÇ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Çç=åçí=áåÅäìÇÉ=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=ëéÉåí=çå=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ëÉäÉÅíáåÖ=~åÇ=Ñ~ãáäá~êáëáåÖ=çåÉëÉäÑ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=ä~ïë=~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=
Äìí=çåäó=íÜÉ=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=ëíÉéë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ìåÇÉêí~âÉå=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉÑÉêêáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=
mêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=ÅçåëíáíìíÉë=~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=ÄìêÇÉå=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=Ñçê=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïÜç=~êÉ=åçí=óÉí=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=äÉÖ~ä=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=qÜáë=âáåÇ=çÑ=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=áë=ÇÉ~äí=ïáíÜ=áå=pÉÅíáçåë=PKOK=~åÇ=PKP=ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉëÉåí=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Ñêçã=bìêçéÉ~å=ëíìÇáÉë=çå=ÉåJ
íÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêëÛ=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=áåíê~åëé~êÉåÅó=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ã~âáåÖ=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=ãçêÉ=ÇáÑÑáJ
ÅìäíK=
QN= qÜìëI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~êÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Ñêçã=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ìåÇÉêÖçåÉ=ïÜÉå=ëí~êíáåÖJìé=~=
åÉï=EáåÅçêéçê~íÉÇF=ÄìëáåÉëë=~åÇ=ïÜáÅÜ=ãáÖÜí=ÇÉä~ó=íÜÉ=éêçÖêÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåíáêÉ= ëí~êíJìé=éêçàÉÅíK=pÉÉI=Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI=pÅÜêÕÉêI=bKI=~åÇ= jK=eçäòI=sÉêï~äíìåÖëÄÉÇáåÖíÉê=
wÉáí~ìÑï~åÇ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=rãëÉíòìåÖ=îçå=dêÏåÇìåÖëîçêÜ~ÄÉå=E^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=ëí~êí=ìéëFI=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=áåW=fÑjJj~íÉêá~äáÉå=
kçK=NQQI=_çååI=OMMMK=

ON=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

QO
çÑ= ïçêâ= çÑ= íÜÉ= åÉïäó= êÉÅêìáíÉÇ= ÉãéäçóÉÉI = ïÜáäÉ= çíÜÉê= ëíÉéë= Ü~îÉ= íç= ÄÉ=ÖçåÉ= íÜêçìÖÜ=~ÑíÉê= íÜÉ= ÉãéäçóÉÉ= Ü~ë=
ëí~êíÉÇ=íç=ïçêâK=

pÉÅçåÇI=~= ÇáëíáåÅíáçå= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ã~ÇÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ=íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ÉãéäçóÉÉ= ~åÇ=
éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=^ë=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=êÉÖáëíê~íáçåë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇçåÉ=
çåäó=çåÅÉI=áKÉK=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉI=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=ëíÉéë=Å~å=ÇáÑÑÉê=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=
Å~ëÉëK=
=

cáÖìêÉ=PKNW= kìãÄÉê= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ïÜÉå= êÉÅêìáíáåÖ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ~åÇ= ~å= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=
ÉãéäçóÉÉI=~êÉ=êÉÅçêÇÉÇ=

_ÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ ëí~êí=çÑ ïçêâ ^ÑíÉê íÜÉ ëí~êí=çÑ ïçêâ

kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë TLQ

_ÉäÖáìã SLP

iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=SLO

cê~åÅÉ QLQ

iìñÉãÄçìêÖ QLP

pé~áå=QLP

aÉåã~êâ=QLN

fí~äó PLP

cáåä~åÇ=PLO

dÉêã~åó PLO

pïáíòÉêä~åÇ PLO

mçêíìÖ~ä=PLN

kçêï~ó OLO

fÅÉä~åÇ OLO

råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã OLO

^ìëíêá~ OLN

fêÉä~åÇ OLN

dêÉÉÅÉ OLN

pïÉÇÉå NLN

T S R Q P O N M N O P Q R S T

kìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=Á=

= Á=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ= Á=~å=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=

pçìêÅÉW=^å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=bkpoJé~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK=

få=íÉå=çìí=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=NV=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ÉáíÜÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=
çê=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=ëí~êí=çÑ=ïçêâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=åÉïäó=êÉÅêìáíÉÇ=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=få=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=åáåÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=E_ÉäÖáìãI=cáåä~åÇI=cê~åÅÉI=
fí~äóI=iìñÉãÄçìêÖI=é~êíäó=mçêíìÖ~äI=pé~áåI=kçêï~ó=~åÇ=é~êíäó=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáåF=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=ÅçîÉêë=ÄçíÜ=
íáãÉ=éÉêáçÇëK=^ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áë=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÉåÇ=íç=ä~ëí=
ëäáÖÜíäó=äçåÖÉê=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜ~å=áå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=

få=bìêçéÉJNVI=çå=~îÉê~ÖÉI=PKP=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖçåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉK=få=ëáñíÉÉå=çìí=çÑ=íÜÉ=åáåÉíÉÉå=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=íïç=íç=Ñçìê=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉJ
ÇìêÉëK= ^å= ÉñÉãéíáçå= áë= pïÉÇÉåI= ïÜÉêÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêë= çåäó= Ü~îÉ= íç= êÉéçêí= íÜÉãëÉäîÉë= ~ë= ÉãéäçóÉêë= íç= íÜÉ=
k~íáçå~ä=q~ñ=_ç~êÇ=Äó=ÑáääáåÖ=áå=çåÉ=Ñçêã=EçåÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=ïáíÜ=~ééêçñK=NM=ãáåìíÉë=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíFK=

QO= _ó=ÇÉÑáåáíáçåI=íÜçëÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ëíÉéë=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=íÉêãáå~íÉ=çå=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ëí~êíáåÖ=Ç~ó=çÑ=ïçêâ=~êÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=~ë=ÄÉäçåÖáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=éÜ~ëÉ=ÚÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ= ëí~êí=çÑ=

ïçêâÛK=

OO=
 `Ü~éíÉê=P=J=qÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=

_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=_ÉäÖáìãI=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉëí=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=
QP QQ
íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëK= få= _ÉäÖáìã = ~åÇ= iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå = ÉãéäçóÉêë= ~êÉ= êÉèìÉëíÉÇ= íç= é~ëë= íÜêçìÖÜ= ëáñ= éêçÅÉJ
QR QS
ÇìêÉëI=ïÜáäÉ=aìíÅÜ =ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=~êÉ=ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ëÉîÉå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëíÉéëK =

qÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ëçãÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ëíÉéë= íÜ~í= Å~å= çåäó= ÄÉ= ÑçìåÇ= áå= ëçãÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉëK= båíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêë= áå= iìñÉãÄçìêÖI= Ñçê=
Éñ~ãéäÉI=~êÉ=çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=éìÄäáëÜ=àçÄ=çÑÑÉêë=~í=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑÑáÅÉK=få=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=
QT
íç=ÉåíÉê=áåíç=~=Åçåíê~Åí=ïáíÜ=~=ÅÉêíáÑáÉÇ=tçêâáåÖ=`çåÇáíáçåë=pÉêîáÅÉ=EÚ^êÄçÇáÉåëíÛFK =jÉ~åïÜáäÉI=pé~åáëÜ=ÉãéäçóJ
Éêë=~êÉ=äÉÖ~ääó=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=êÉÖáëíÉê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Åçåíê~Åíë=áå=ïêáííÉå=Ñçêã=J=ÅçãéäóáåÖ=ïáíÜ=çÑÑáÅá~ä=Ñçêã~ä=éêçîáJ
ëáçåë=J=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=äçÅ~ä=bãéäçóãÉåí=lÑÑáÅÉ=EfkbjFK=
=

`~ëÉ=píìÇóW=iáÅÉåëÉÇ=bãéäçóÉêëD=pçÅá~äJ^ÅÅçìåíáåÖ=pÉÅêÉí~êá~íë=áå=_ÉäÖáìã=

få= _ÉäÖáìãI= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ~êÉ= ê~íÜÉê= ÅçãéäÉñK= ^é~êí= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ëáñ= ëíÉéë= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= Ñçê= ~ää= ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=
ÉãéäçóÉêëI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÜ~í=~ééäó=çåäó=íç=ÅÉêí~áå=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóJ
QU
ÉêëI= ÉKÖK= íÜçëÉ= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= ã~åì~ä= ïçêâÉêë= çê= íÜçëÉ= çéÉê~íáåÖ= áå= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ëÉÅíçêëK = få= çêÇÉê= íç= ÅçéÉ=
ãçêÉ=É~ëáäó=ïáíÜ=ÉãéäçóãÉåíJêÉä~íÉÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåëI=ãçëí=_ÉäÖá~å=pjbë=Ü~îÉ=àçáåÉÇ=~=äáÅÉåëÉÇ=bãJ
éäçóÉêëD= pçÅá~äJ^ÅÅçìåíáåÖ= pÉÅêÉí~êá~íK= qÜÉëÉ= éêáî~íÉ= åçåJéêçÑáí= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë= ÉñÉÅìíÉ= íÜÉ= ÅçãéäÉíÉ= ï~ÖÉ= ~åÇ=
éÉêëçååÉä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=ãÉãÄÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=EÉKÖK=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëI=
Å~äÅìä~íáçå= çÑ= ï~ÖÉë= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëI= ïáíÜÜçäÇáåÖ= í~ñÉë= çå= ï~ÖÉëI= ìåÇÉêí~âáåÖ= íÜÉ= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=
EãçåíÜäóI=èì~êíÉêäó=çê=óÉ~êäóF=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåë=ÉíÅKFK=

qÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëéÉÅá~äáëÉÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=éêçîáÇÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉëÉ=pçÅá~äJ^ÅÅçìåíáåÖ=pÉÅêÉí~êá~íë=áë=ëç=ïáÇÉëéêÉ~Ç=áå=_ÉäÖáìã=íÜ~í=
îÉêó= ÑÉï= pjbë= Çç= íÜáë= àçÄ= íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK= pçI= _ÉäÖá~å= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ~êÉ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= êÉäáÉîÉÇ= Ñêçã= éÉêÑçêãáåÖ= íÜÉëÉ=
QV
ÅçãéäÉñ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=í~ëâë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ~ê=íÜÉ=Åçëíë=çÑ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=íÜÉãK ==

pçìêÅÉW=pã~ää=_ìëáåÉëë=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=fåëíáíìíÉ=hKrK=_êìëëÉäëK=

få=ÖÉåÉê~äI=Åçëíë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=í~ëâë=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=é~êíäó=~îçáÇÉÇI=áÑ=íÜÉ=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= ïÉêÉ= ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ= áå= ëìÅÜ= ~= ï~ó= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= ïÉêÉ= ãçêÉ= É~ëó= íç= Åçãéäó= ïáíÜ= Äó= íÜÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=
íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK= qÜìëI= êÉÇìÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= äÉÖáëä~íáîÉ= éêÉëëìêÉ= ~åÇ= ëáãéäáÑóáåÖ= íÜÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= ~ééÉ~ê= íç= ÄÉ=
êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= ~ääçï= ~= ä~êÖÉê= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íç= éÉêÑçêã= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= í~ëâë= áåJÜçìëÉ=
ïáíÜçìí=Ü~îáåÖ=íç=êÉëçêí=íç=ÉñíÉêå~ä=ÜÉäéK=

få=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉÅêìáí=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=çå=~îÉê~ÖÉ=Ü~ë=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=OKN=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçJ
ÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=PKNFK=båíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=áå=^ìëíêá~I=aÉåã~êâI=dêÉÉÅÉI=fêÉä~åÇI=mçêíìJ
Ö~ä=~åÇ= pïÉÇÉå= Ñ~ÅÉ= çåäó= çåÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉI= ïÜáäÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêë= áå= cê~åÅÉ= ~åÇ=íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= Ü~îÉ= íç=ÇÉ~ä=
ïáíÜ=Ñçìê=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=ëíÉéëK==
lå=~îÉê~ÖÉI=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=NKO=ëíÉéë=äÉëë=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=êÉÅêìáí=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=
íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=få=NQ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Ñ~ÅÉ=ÉáíÜÉê=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ëíÉéë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=~åÇ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=çê=íÜÉó=ë~îÉ=~í=ãçëí=çåÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=êÉÅêìáí=~=ëìÄJ
ëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=få=ÖÉåÉê~äI=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~äêÉ~Çó=ÑçêÉëÉÉ=~=ÄÉäçïJ~îÉê~ÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=

QP= ENF=mêÉé~êáåÖ=~å=áåíÉêå~ä=ïçêâ=êìäÉë=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåI=Ü~åÇáåÖ=áí=çîÉê=íç=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~åÇ=ëÉåÇáåÖ=áí=íç=íÜÉ=aáëíêáÅí=i~Äçìê=fåëéÉÅíáçå=pÉêîáÅÉI=EOF=oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ=~ë=ÉãéäçóÉê=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=k~íáçå~ä=lÑÑáÅÉ=Ñçê=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíóI=EPF=oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áå=íÜÉ=Åçãé~åó=éÉêëçååÉä=êÉÖáëíÉê=~åÇ=Ñçê=ëçãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=k~íáçå~ä=lÑÑáÅÉ=Ñçê=pçJ
Åá~ä=pÉÅìêáíóI=EQF=^ÑÑáäá~íáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~=`ÜáäÇ=^ääçï~åÅÉ=cìåÇI=ERF=^ÑÑáäá~íáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~=mêÉîÉåíáçå=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=pÉêîáÅÉI=ESF=q~âáåÖ=çìí=~=ïçêâ=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉ=Åçåíê~Åí=ïáíÜ=~=
äáÅÉåëÉÇ=tçêâ=^ÅÅáÇÉåí=fåëìê~åÅÉ=`çãé~åóK=
QQ= ENF= oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ÉãéäçóÉÉ= Ñçê= çäÇ= ~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= ëìêîáîáåÖ= ÇÉéÉåÇÉåíëD= áåëìê~åÅÉLÇáë~Äáäáíó= áåëìê~åÅÉLÑ~ãáäó= ~ääçï~åÅÉë= E^esLfsLc^hFI= EOF= oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ= Ñçê= ìåÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉI=EPF=q~âáåÖ=çìí=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉI=EQF=oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ=Ñçê=~å=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÄÉåÉÑáí=ëÅÜÉãÉI=ERF=q~âáåÖ=çìí=~=Ç~áäó=~ääçï~åÅÉ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ESF=oÉÖáëJ
íÉêáåÖ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=í~ñ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=
QR= ENF= oÉéçêíáåÖ= ~ë= ÉãéäçóÉê= ~í= íÜÉ= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= båÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ^ÖÉåÅó= ErîáFI= EOF= oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ= íÜÉ= åÉï= ÉãéäçóÉÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= båÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ^ÖÉåÅóI= EPF=
oÉéçêíáåÖ=~ë=ÉãéäçóÉê=íç=íÜÉ=q~ñ=^ìíÜçêáíóI=EQF=oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~åÇ=ÇÉíÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=í~ñ=í~êáÑÑ=Äê~ÅâÉí=~í=íÜÉ=q~ñ=^ìíÜçêáíóI=ERF=pìÄãáííáåÖ=ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ=mÉêJ
ëçå~ä=fåÅçãÉ=q~ñ=EmK^KvKbKF=`~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=q~ñ=^ìíÜçêáíóI=ESF=oÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=fåëìê~åÅÉ=`çãé~åó=Ñçê=k~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉêîáÅÉ=~åÇ=ETF=qÜÉ=åÉï=ÉãJ
éäçóÉê=ÉåíÉêáåÖ=áåíç=~=Åçåíê~Åí=ïáíÜ=~=ÅÉêíáÑáÉÇ=tçêâáåÖ=`çåÇáíáçåë=pÉêîáÅÉK=
QS= páåÅÉ=íÜÉ=ÅìêêÉåí= í~ëâ=Çáîáëáçå=Å~ìëÉë=íçç=ãìÅÜ=êÉÇ=í~éÉI= íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëD=`~ÄáåÉí=~äêÉ~Çó=éä~åë=íç=êÉJ~ëëÉëë=íÜÉ=í~ëâë=~ëëìãÉÇ=Äó=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåë=
áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=J=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=^ÖÉåÅáÉë=ErîáDëF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=tçêâáåÖ=`çåÇáíáçåë=pÉêîáÅÉëK=
QT== qÜÉêÉÄóI=ã~åÇ~íçêó=ëÉêîáÅÉë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=Åçåíê~ÅíÉÇ=áåÅäìÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖW=J=ÅÉåíê~ä=êÉÖáëíêó=çÑ=~ÄëÉåíÉÉáëãI=J=Åç~ÅÜáåÖ=çÑ=áää=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=J=Çê~ÑíáåÖ=çÑ=êÉáåíÉÖê~íáçå=
ÄäìÉéêáåíë=áÑ=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áë=áää=Ñçê=~=äçåÖÉê=éÉêáçÇI=J=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ÅÜÉÅâJìé=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Äó=~å=áåÇìëíêá~ä=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=çÑÑáÅÉêI=J=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=Äó=íÜÉ=tçêâáåÖ=`çåÇáíáçåë=pÉêJ
îáÅÉI=ÅçãéêáëáåÖ=~=ÖÉåÉê~ä=Éî~äì~íáåÖ=ÅÜÉÅâ=çå=ïçêâáåÖ=ÅçåÇáíáçåëI=ïÜáäÉ=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ~ääó=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=êáëâ=Ñ~Åíçêë=~ë=êÉÖ~êÇë=ë~ÑÉíóI=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ïÉäÑ~êÉ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=
QU= páåÅÉ=íÜáë=êÉéçêí=ÑçÅìëÉë=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Ñçê=~ää=âáåÇë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉêëI=íÜÉëÉ=ëÉÅíçêJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=~êÉ=åçí=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áå=ÇÉí~áäK=
qÜÉó=~êÉ=êÉÑÉêêÉÇ=íç=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÉäìÅáÇ~íÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=~äêÉ~Çó=ê~íÜÉê=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ëíÉéë=áë=ëíáää=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=Éåä~êÖÉÇ=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=çéÉê~íáåÖ=áå=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÉÅçJ
åçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêëK=
QV== líÜÉê=êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= ëÜçïÉÇ=íÜ~í= íÜÉ=_ÉäÖá~å=ëóëíÉã=çÑ=bãéäçóÉêëD=pçÅá~äJ^ÅÅçìåíáåÖ=pÉÅêÉí~êá~íë=Éåí~áäë=êÉä~íáîÉäó=äçï=Åçëíë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=cçê=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉëI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=Åçëíë=~êÉ=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ÜáÖÜI=~ë=~=ëáãáä~ê=ÑÉÉ=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=é~áÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=få=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=Äó=Åçåíê~ëíI=íÜÉ=ã~êÖáå~ä=Åçëíë=Ñçê=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= í~ëâë= ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ïÜÉå= ãçêÉ= ïçêâÉêë= ~êÉ= êÉÅêìáíÉÇK= qÜáë= ÜçäÇë= ìåÇÉê= íÜÉ= éêÉÅçåÇáíáçå= íÜ~í= íÜÉëÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= Ü~îÉ=
Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=~å=áåJÜçìëÉ=ëóëíÉã=íç=ÅçéÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåëK=råÇÉêëí~åÇ~ÄäóI=íÜÉ=áåáíá~ä=Åçëíë=Ñçê=Éëí~ÄäáëÜáåÖ=ëìÅÜ=~=ëóëíÉã=EÉKÖK=Ñ~ãáäá~êáëáåÖ=çåÉëÉäÑ=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=äÉÖ~ä=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=~åÇ=áåëí~ääáåÖ=~å=~ÇÉèì~íÉäó=ÉèìáééÉÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ìåáíF=~êÉ=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ÜáÖÜ=áÑ=~ëëáÖåÉÇ=çåäó=íç=çåÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=EëÉÉ=eKbK=eìäëÜçÑÑI=^KcKjK=
káàëÉå=~åÇ=eK`K=sáëÉÉI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=Åçãé~êáëçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÅÜ~êÖÉë=çå=ÜáêáåÖ=éÉêëçååÉäX=~å=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=Åçãé~êáëçå=áå=U=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=lp^=qÜÉ=e~ÖìÉI=NVVTFK=

OP
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ïáíÜ=~=ê~íÜÉê=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=éêçÅÉJ
ÇìêÉë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ÉãéäçóÉÉI= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= êÉäáÉîÉ= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ïÜÉå= íÜÉó= êÉÅêìáí= ~= ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=
ÉãéäçóÉÉK= fåÇÉÉÇI= _ÉäÖá~åI= a~åáëÜ= ~åÇ= aìíÅÜ= Ñáêãë= ë~îÉ= íÜêÉÉ= ëíÉéë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= ~= ëìÄëÉèìÉåí= ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉK=qÜÉáê=ÅçìåíÉêé~êíë=áå=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=Ñçìê=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=äÉëëK=

få=~ää=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=
çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=~åÇ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=Éñéä~áåÉÇ=Äó=íïç=Ñ~ÅíçêëK=qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=~åÇ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=çåÉ=áë=íÜÉ=
çÄäáÖ~íáçå=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=íç=êÉÖáëíÉê=~ë=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=çÑÑáÅÉëI=í~ñ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=
~åÇLçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑÑáÅÉëK=qÜÉëÉ=êÉÖáëíê~íáçåë=çÅÅìê=çåäó=çåÅÉ=ìéçå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=
ã~àçê=Ñ~Åíçê=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçå=íç=~ÅèìáêÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=âáåÇë=çÑ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=ìéçå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=
ÉãéäçóÉÉK=få=ëçãÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ëìÄëÉèìÉåíäó=êÉÅêìáíÉÇ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Çç=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=êÉéçêíÉÇ=áããÉÇá~íÉäó=íç=íÜÉëÉ=
~ÖÉåÅáÉë=Äìí=çåäó=Äó=ï~ó=çÑ=éÉêáçÇáÅ=EÉKÖK=óÉ~êäóF=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåëK=

PKNKNK= fåëíáíìíáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=
qÜáë= ëÉÅíáçå= áääìëíê~íÉë= ïÜáÅÜ= áåëíáíìíáçåë= Ü~îÉ= íç= ÄÉ= Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëK= ^äíÜçìÖÜ= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ=
ëçãÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ëçãÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=éçáåíë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉK=q~ÄäÉ=PKN=éêçîáÇÉë=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=âáåÇ=
çÑ=áåëíáíìíáçåë=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=~ÇÇêÉëë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK==
=

q~ÄäÉ=PKNW= lÄäáÖ~íçêó=áåëíáíìíáçåë=íç=Åçåí~Åí=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=
`çìåíêó= pçÅá~ä=fåëìê~åÅÉ= q~ñ== bãéäçóãÉåí= ^ÅÅáÇÉåí== mÉåëáçå=pÅÜÉãÉ= líÜÉê=
lÑÑáÅÉ= ^ìíÜçêáíó= lÑÑáÅÉ= fåëìê~åÅÉ=
^ìëíêá~= u= = = = = =
_ÉäÖáìã= u= = = u= = u=u=u=
aÉåã~êâ= = u= = u= = u=
cáåä~åÇ= = u= = u= u= =
cê~åÅÉ= u= = u= = u= u=
dÉêã~åó= u= = u= u= = =
dêÉÉÅÉ= u= = u= = = =
fêÉä~åÇ= = u= = = = =
fí~äó= u= = u= u= = =
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= u= = u= = = u=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= u= u= = = = u=u=
mçêíìÖ~ä= u= = = u= = =
pé~áå= u= = u= = = u=
pïÉÇÉå= = u= = = = =
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã= = u= = = = u=
fÅÉä~åÇ= = u= = u= = =
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå= u= u= = u= u= u=u=
kçêï~ó= u= = = u= = =
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ= u= = = u= u= =
pçìêÅÉW=^å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=bkpoJé~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK=

få=~ää=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVI=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=áåëìê~åÅÉ=çÑÑáÅÉë=~åÇLçê=íÜÉ=í~ñ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=êÉéêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=âÉó=áåëíáíìíáçåë=
áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK=^í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=íïç=áåëíáíìíáçåë=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=Äó=ÉîÉêó=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=
áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=íÜÉó=çÑíÉå=éÉêÑçêã=~å=áãéçêí~åí=ÅçJçêÇáå~íáåÖ=ÑìåÅíáçå=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK=

få=ã~åó=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑÑáÅÉ=~åÇLçê=áåëíáíìíáçåë=ÇÉ~äáåÖ=ïáíÜ=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉ=çê=éÉåëáçå=ëÅÜÉãÉë=
Ü~îÉ=~äëç=íç=ÄÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=Äó=ã~åó=ÑáêëíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=

få=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=áåëíáíìíáçåë=çê=í~ñ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~Åí=ÇÉ=Ñ~Åíç=~ë=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéë=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=
ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ã~ííÉêë=~êÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK=^=ÖççÇ=Éñ~ãéäÉ=áë=cê~åÅÉÛë=ropp^cc=J=råáçå=ÇÉ=oÉÅçìîêÉãÉåí=ÇÉ=p¨Åìêáí¨=
pçÅá~äÉ= Éí= Ç…^ääçÅ~íáçåë= c~ãáäá~äÉë= J= ~å= áåëíáíìíáçå= ïÜáÅÜ= áë= áå= ÅÜ~êÖÉ= çÑ= ÅçääÉÅíáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäó=
~ääçï~åÅÉë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=~ãçåÖ=çíÜÉê=í~ëâëK=

OQ=
 `Ü~éíÉê=P=J=qÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=

`~ëÉ=píìÇóW=ropp^cc=J=~=cêÉåÅÜ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=fåëíáíìíáçå=

páåÅÉ=gìåÉ=NVVUI=cêÉåÅÜ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=àìëí=çåÉ=ëáåÖäÉ=ÇçÅìãÉåí=Ea¨Åä~ê~íáçå=råáèìÉ=ÇÛbãÄ~ìÅÜÉI=
EarbFI= páåÖäÉ= oÉÅêìáíãÉåí= aÉÅä~ê~íáçåF= ïáíÜ= ~= íáãÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåí= çÑ= ~ééêçñáã~íÉäó= íÉå= ãáåìíÉëK= qÜáë= páåÖäÉ= oÉJ
ÅêìáíãÉåí=aÉÅä~ê~íáçå=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=ëÉåí=íç=íÜÉ=ropp^c=áåëíáíìíáçå=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ïÉÉâ=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=åÉïäó=êÉÅêìáíÉÇ=ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉ=ëí~êíë=íç=ïçêâK=

qÜÉ= ropp^c= ÅçääÉÅíë= ~ää= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ~åÇ= íÜÉå= ëìÄãáíë= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= ÇçÅìãÉåíë= íÜÉ= çíÜÉê= áåëíáíìíáçåë=
íÜ~í=~êÉ=áåîçäîÉÇK=qÜÉêÉÄóI=ìé=íç=åáåÉ=Ñçêã~äáíáÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=áå=çåÉ=ëáåÖäÉ=ëíÉéI=íÜìëI=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=êÉÇìÅJ
RM
áåÖ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= ÉãéäçóÉêëK = få= ~ÇÇáíáçåI= íÜÉ= êÉÖáëíê~íáçå= éêçÅÉëë= áë= ëáãéäáÑáÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= ìëÉ of e-
ÖçîÉêåãÉåíK= qÜÉ= Ñçêã= Ñçê= íÜÉ= páåÖäÉ= oÉÅêìáíáåÖ= aÉÅä~ê~íáçå= Å~å= ÄÉ= Ççïåäç~ÇÉÇ= EÜííéWLLïïïKÇìÉKÑêF= ~åÇ= êÉJ
íìêåÉÇ=îá~=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí=çê=~äíÉêå~íáîÉäó=ëÉåí=îá~=jfkfqbiI=Äó=Ñ~ñ=çê=Äó=êÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=äÉííÉêK=

pçìêÅÉW=^ëëçÅá~íáçå=éçìê=ä~=mêçãçíáçå=Éí=äÉ=a¨îÉäçééÉãÉåí=fåÇìëíêáÉä=E^molafFK=

páãáä~ê=~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=áå=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~ë=ïÉääK=^ìëíêá~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Åçåí~Åí=àìëí=
çåÉ=çÑÑáÅá~ä=áåëíáíìíáçå=J=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=áåëìê~åÅÉ=çÑÑáÅÉI=ïÜáÅÜ=~ìíçã~íáÅ~ääó=íê~åëÑÉêë=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=çíÜÉê=
RN
ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ=éìÄäáÅ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK =få=dÉêã~åóI=ãÉ~åïÜáäÉ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=ÑìåÇ=çÑÑáÅÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=~ë=
RO
çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéë=Ñçê=~ää=åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåë=íç=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=áåëíáíìíáçåëK =

få=iìñÉãÄçìêÖI=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉ=~Äçìí=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=Ñçêã~äáíáÉë=áë=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=Äó=íÜÉ=Ú`ÉåíêÉ=ÇÛ~ÑÑáäá~íáçå=Éí=
ÇÉ= éÉêÅÉéíáçå= Åçããìå= ~ìñ= áåëíáíìíáçåë= ÇÉ= ë¨Åìêáí¨= ëçÅá~äÉÛI= ~= çåÉJëíçéJëÜçé= Ñçê= ~ää= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= áëëìÉëK= qÜáë=
~ÖÉåÅó= ~ìíçã~íáÅ~ääó= íê~åëÑÉêë= íÜÉ= åÉÅÉëë~êó= áåÑçêã~íáçå= íç= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= áåëíáíìíáçåë= áå= ÅÜ~êÖÉ= çÑ= ãÉÇáÅ~ä= Å~êÉI=
äÉÖ~ä=éÉåëáçå=ëÅÜÉãÉI=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉ=ÉíÅK=

kçêïÉÖá~å=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ëçäÉäó=Ü~îÉ=íç=êÉÖáëíÉê=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=lÑÑáÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãìåáÅáé~äáíóI=ïÜáÅÜ=ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉë=
áåÑçêã~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=q~ñ=`çääÉÅíçêë=lÑÑáÅÉ=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=jÉÇáÅ~ä=fåëìê~åÅÉ=oÉÖáëíÉêK=få=pïÉÇÉå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=
çïåÉêë=çåäó=Ü~îÉ=íç=êÉéçêí=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=~ë=ÉãéäçóÉêë=íç=íÜÉ=k~íáçå~ä=q~ñ=_ç~êÇK=qÜÉå=íÜÉ=í~ñ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=ëìÄãáí=
íÜÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=çíÜÉê=áåëíáíìíáçåë=áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëI=ÉKÖK=mÉåëáçå=cìåÇI=pìêîáîçêë=
cìåÇI=eÉ~äíÜ=fåëìê~åÅÉI=fåÇìëíêá~ä=fåëìê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=m~êÉåíë=fåëìê~åÅÉK=cáå~ääóI=áå=íÜÉ=råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~êÉ=
êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=íç=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=çåÉ=ÑçêãI=ïÜáÅÜ=ë~íáëÑáÉë=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇë=çÑ=íÜÉ=fåä~åÇ=oÉîÉåìÉ=lÑÑáÅÉ=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=çÑ=íÜÉ=aÉé~êíJ
ãÉåí=çÑ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíóK=

tÜÉêÉ~ë=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=ÑçêÉëÉÉ=íÜ~í=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Åçåí~Åí=àìëí=çåÉ=çÑÑáÅá~ä=áåëíáíìíáçå=J=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=
áåëìê~åÅÉ= çÑÑáÅÉ= J= ïÜáÅÜ= ~ìíçã~íáÅ~ääó= íê~åëÑÉêë= ~ää= êÉäÉî~åí= áåÑçêã~íáçå= íç= çíÜÉê= ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ= éìÄäáÅ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI=
çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=Ü~îÉ=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=ÅÉåíê~äáëÉÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=áåëíáíìíáçåë=ïÜáÅÜ=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=~=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëçJ
Åá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= áëëìÉë= ïáíÜáå= çåÉ= ëáåÖäÉ= ~ìíÜçêáíóI= íÜìëI= ~îçáÇáåÖ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉ= ïáíÜ= çíÜÉê= ÉñíÉêå~ä= ÄçÇáÉë=
~äíçÖÉíÜÉêK=

pìÅÜ=~=ãçÇÉä=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=áå=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=ïÜÉêÉ=läÇ=^ÖÉ=~åÇ=pìêîáîçêëD=fåëìê~åÅÉI=aáë~Äáäáíó=fåëìê~åÅÉ=
~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäó=^ääçï~åÅÉ=pÅÜÉãÉ=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ãÉêÖÉÇ=áåíç=çåÉ=ëáåÖäÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåK=få=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=ÉãéäçóÉêë=
~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=êÉÖáëíÉê=~åÇ=äÉîó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=Ñçê=páÅâåÉëë=_ÉåÉÑáí=fåëìê~åÅÉI=aáë~ÄäÉãÉåí=fåëìê~åÅÉI=råÉãéäçóJ
ãÉåí= fåëìê~åÅÉ= ~åÇ= jÉÇáÅ~ä= fåëìê~åÅÉ= íç= çåÉ= ëáåÖäÉ= ~ìíÜçêáíóI= áKÉK= íç= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=
^ÖÉåÅó=ErsfFK=

få=mçêíìÖ~äI=áå=OMMN=~=åÉíïçêâ=çÑ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=pçäáÇ~êáíó=pÜçéë=ï~ë=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇK=få=íÜÉëÉ=çÑÑáÅÉë=~ää=íÜÉ=éêçJ
ÅÉÇìêÉë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= Å~å=ÄÉ= Å~êêáÉÇ= çìí= ÅÉåíê~ääóI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= Ñçê=
íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÉëK= ^í= éêÉëÉåíI= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ëÉîÉê~ä= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= ~åÇ= pçäáÇ~êáíó= pÜçéë= áå= íÜÉ= ^äÉåíÉàç=
~åÇ=^äÖ~êîÉ=êÉÖáçåëI=Äìí=~=Ñìää=å~íáçå~ä=ÅçîÉê~ÖÉ=áë=áåíÉåÇÉÇK=

RM== eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=páåÖäÉ=oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=aÉÅä~ê~íáçå=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÉåÅçãé~ëë=~ää=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=cçê=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=~=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉI= íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=ÜáãëÉäÑ=ãìëí=~äëç=áåÑçêã=

íÜÉ=tçêâ=fåëéÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=êÉÖáëíÉê=ïáíÜ=~=ÅçãéäÉãÉåí~êó=éÉåëáçå=ÑìåÇK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=íÜÉ=áåáíá~ä=àçÄ=çÑÑÉê=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=~í=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑÑáÅÉK=
RN== líÜÉê= êÉäÉî~åí= áåëíáíìíáçåë= áåÅäìÇÉ= íÜÉ= mìÄäáÅ= bãéäçóãÉåí= pÉêîáÅÉ= EÚ^êÄÉáíëã~êâíëÉêîáÅÉÛF= ~åÇ= J= ÇÉéÉåÇáåÖ= çå= íÜÉ= âáåÇ= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= J= íÜÉ= oÉíáêÉãÉåí= mÉåëáçå=
fåëìê~åÅÉ=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=íÜÉ=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=^ÅÅáÇÉåí=fåëìê~åÅÉ=cìåÇK=
RO== qÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=çÑÑáÅÉ=áåÑçêãë=íÜÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåë=áå=ÅÜ~êÖÉ=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=éÉåëáçåI=ìåÉãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=åìêëáåÖ=Å~êÉ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=ïáíÜçìí=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=ÄÉáåÖ=áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=
íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëëK=kçíáÑáÅ~íáçåë=Ñêçã=ÉãéäçóÉêë=íç=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=ÑìåÇ=çÑÑáÅÉë=Ü~îÉ=~äëç=ÄÉÉå=ëáãéäáÑáÉÇ=íç=~=ÖêÉ~í=ÉñíÉåí=Äó=áåíêçÇìÅáåÖ=ëí~åÇ~êÇáëÉÇ=ÑçêãëI=ïÜáÅÜ=
Å~å=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=Ñçê=~ää=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÜÉ~äíÜ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=ÑìåÇë=~åÇ=Ñçê=~ää=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íóéÉë=çÑ=åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåëK=

OR
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

`~ëÉ=píìÇóW=^ìëÖäÉáÅÜëâ~ëëÉ=J=qÜÉ=pïáëë=ÅÉåíê~äáëÉÇ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=fåëíáíìíáçå=

få= pïáíòÉêä~åÇI= íÜÉ= läÇJ^ÖÉ=~åÇ= pìêîáîçêëD= fåëìê~åÅÉI= íÜÉ= aáë~Äáäáíó= fåëìê~åÅÉI= íÜÉ= fåÅçãÉ= pìÄëíáíìíáçå= póëíÉãI=
íÜÉ=råÉãéäçóãÉåí=fåëìê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=c~ãáäó=^ääçï~åÅÉ=pÅÜÉãÉ=Ü~îÉ=~ää=ÄÉÉå=ÅÉåíê~äáëÉÇ=ïáíÜáå=çåÉ=ëáåÖäÉ=~ìJ
íÜçêáíóI=íÜÉ=ëçJÅ~ääÉÇ=ÅçãéÉåë~íáçå=çÑÑáÅÉ=EÚ^ìëÖäÉáÅÜëâ~ëëÉÛFK=

qÜÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜáë=ÅÉåíê~äáëÉÇ=áåëíáíìíáçå=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ãìäíáéäÉ=êÉÖáëíê~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëÅÜÉãÉë=~åÇ=
íÜ~í= ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉ= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= áë= Öì~ê~åíÉÉÇK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI= íÜÉ= ~ÑçêÉãÉåíáçåÉÇ= áåëìê~åÅÉ= ëÅÜÉãÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå=
ãÉêÖÉÇ= áåíç= ~= ÅÉåíê~äáëÉÇ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= çÑÑáÅÉK= qÜáë= ÅÉåíê~äáë~íáçåI= ÜçïÉîÉêI=ÇçÉë= åçí=áåÅäìÇÉ=~ää=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëK= ^ÅÅáÇÉåí= áåëìê~åÅÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= éÉåëáçå= ëÅÜÉãÉ= ëíáää= Ü~îÉ= íç= ÄÉ= éêçÅìêÉÇ=
ëÉé~ê~íÉäóK=

pçìêÅÉW=lÄëÉêî~=píK=d~ääÉå=J=dÉåÉî~K=

PKNKOK= `çåÅäìëáçåë=
_~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=~åÇ=çå=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=ëçãÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=Å~å=ÄÉ=Çê~ïåK==

qÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå=íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= Ü~ë= êÉîÉ~äÉÇ= íÜ~í= áå= ~=ä~êÖÉ=
åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=Çç=åçí=ÅêÉ~íÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=fÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåë=ïÉêÉ=ã~áåäó=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=íÜÉ=Åçìåíêó=ê~åâáåÖ=áå=cáÖìêÉ=PKN=
ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ãçêÉ=çê=äÉëë=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=~ë=íÜÉ=Åçìåíêó=ê~åâáåÖ=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêJ
ÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=OKPFK=^=Åçãé~êáëçå=çÑ=ÄçíÜ=ÑáÖìêÉë=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ÑÉï=ëáãáJ
ä~êáíáÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=íïç=Åçìåíêó=ê~åâáåÖëK=

_ÉíïÉÉå=QM=B=~åÇ=RO=B=çÑ=pjbë=áå=dêÉÉÅÉI=_ÉäÖáìãI=^ìëíêá~=~åÇ=pé~áå=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=OKPFK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=íÜÉ=Åçìåíêó=ê~åâáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=
åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ëÜçïë= íÜ~í= dêÉÉÅÉ= ~åÇ= ^ìëíêá~= ~êÉ= ~ãçåÖ= íÜÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉë= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= äçïÉëí=
åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=PKNFK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=Çç=åçí=
ëíÉã=ã~áåäó=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK==

qÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÜçäÇë=Ñçê=mçêíìÖ~äI=cáåä~åÇ=~åÇ=dÉêã~åó=ïÜÉêÉ=~=ä~êÖÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=pjbë=Åçãéä~áå=~Äçìí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=~äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉó=Ñ~ÅÉ=çåäó=~=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~J
íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=lå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=Ü~åÇI=pjbë=áå=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=~åÇ=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=Ü~îÉ=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=
RP
åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå= bìêçéÉJNVI = åÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= Ñáêãë= áå= çíÜÉê= ÅçìåíêáÉëI= íÜÉáê=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=äÉëë=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=

páãáä~êáíáÉë=áå=ÄçíÜ=Åçìåíêó=ê~åâáåÖë=Å~å=çåäó=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=_ÉäÖáìãK=tÜáäÉ=ã~åó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=_ÉäJ
Öáìã=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=
ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=~í=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=íáãÉ=íÜÉëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Ñ~ÅÉ=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=pçI=áå=_ÉäÖáìã=
íÜÉ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ëÉÉã= íç= ÄÉ= ~å= áãéçêí~åí= ëçìêÅÉ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåíK==

qÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=~å~äóëáë=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=áå=íÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=
éêçÅÉëë=Çç=åçí=ëíÉã=éêáã~êáäó=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=áKÉK=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=
çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëíÉéë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Åçåí~Åíë=ïáíÜ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI=ÚÑçêã=ÑáääáåÖÛ=~åÇ=ÇÉäáîÉêó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉJ
èìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=eçïÉîÉêI=~ë=êÉéçêíÉÇ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=OI=~äãçëí=çåÉ=íÜáêÇ=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=
pjbë= ëí~íÉ= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉëìäíáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= íÜÉáê= êÉJ
ÅêìáíãÉåí= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI= áå= íÜÉ= ÑçääçïáåÖ= ëÉÅíáçå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåëI= ~ë= ~åçíÜÉê= ëçìêÅÉ= çÑ= éçëëáÄäÉ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=~êÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇK=

PKOK= `çãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=
få=íÜáë=ëÉÅíáçå=~å=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=áë=ã~ÇÉ=áåíç=ïÜ~í=ÉñíÉåí=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= éä~ÅÉ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= pjbëK= qÜÉ= ÅçãéäÉñáíó= ~åÇ= çÄëÅìêáíóI= ïÜáÅÜ=

RP= ^ää=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉéêÉëÉåí=ëÉé~ê~íÉ=ïçêâ=ëíÉéëI=ïÜáÅÜ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Öç=íÜêçìÖÜ=Äó=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK=qÜÉëÉ=ïçêâ=ëíÉéë=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=çîÉê=Äó=çåÉJ
ëíçé=ëÜçéëI=íÜìëI=é~êíäó=êÉäáÉîáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=

OS=
 `Ü~éíÉê=P=J=qÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=

êÉÑÉê=íç=íÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=~ëéÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=Ü~îÉ=~å=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=~å=ÉåíêÉJ
éêÉåÉìêDë=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK==

få=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=ïÉêÉ=~ëâÉÇ=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=çåÉ=ëáåÖäÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=Éåí~áäë=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=íÜÉã=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=PKOFK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=PKOW= cáÉäÇë= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçå= ïáíÜ= ÜáÖÜÉëí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåI= Äó= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= ëáòÉI=
bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
= = kìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
= = M= = N= = OJV= NMJQV RMJOQV qçí~ä
eÉ~äíÜ=C=ë~ÑÉíó=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Ñçê=ïçêâÉêë= NO=B OO=B PQ=B PU=B QM=B PM=B
pçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=C=éÉåëáçå=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= NP=B NQ=B NR=B NM=B V=B NQ=B
bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=í~ñÉë= NM=B NM=B NP=B NQ=B NN=B NO=B
oÉëíêáÅíáçå=çå=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë= O=B R=B T=B T=B S=B S=B
pÉÅíçêJëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= R=B R=B R=B T=B Q=B R=B
aáëãáëë~ä=ä~ï= M=B O=B Q=B S=B T=B Q=B
bãéäçóãÉåí=Åçåíê~Åíë= O=B O=B Q=B P=B Q=B P=B
`çääÉÅíáîÉ=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ= N=B N=B O=B O=B P=B O=B
tçêâÉê=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=ä~ï= N=B N=B N=B N=B P=B N=B
açåDí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉê= RQ=B PU=B NR=B NO=B NP=B OP=B
qçí~ä= NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B
pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

qÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=ëÜçï=íÜ~í=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=J=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜçëÉ=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=íïç=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=J=ã~áåäó=ÅáíÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=
~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ÑáÉäÇK=_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=çê= ïáíÜ=àìëí=çåÉ=
ÉãéäçóÉÉ= êÉÖ~êÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= äÉëë= ÄìêÇÉåëçãÉK= qÜáë= êÉëìäí= áë= éä~ìëáÄäÉ= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=
íÜÉ= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= çåäó= ~ééäó= íç= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ~Åíì~ääó= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= ëí~ÑÑK= ^= ã~àçê= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= îÉêó=
ëã~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Åä~áã=íç=Ñ~ÅÉ=ÜáÖÜ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=éÉåëáçå=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=áå=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=í~ñÉëK=

qÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=ïáíÜ=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉ=Çáëãáëë~ä=ä~ï=áë=ÅáíÉÇ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉåI=ã~ó=êÉÑäÉÅí=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=çÑ=ÇáëJ
ãáëë~ä=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=ã~åó=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=áå=íÜáë=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåI=íÜìëI=ÉñJ
ÉãéíáåÖ=ëã~ääÉê=ëáòÉÇ=ÄìëáåÉëëÉëK=

^=îÉêó=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=áë=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=îÉêó=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~ååçí=
å~ãÉ=~=ëáåÖäÉ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇ=íÜ~í=éçëÉë=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=íÜÉã=EÚÇçåÛí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉêÛFK=
fåÇÉÉÇI=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=Ü~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜçìí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~åÇ=ïÉää=~ÄçîÉ=~=íÜáêÇ=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=àìëí=çåÉ=
ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~êÉ=åçí=~ÄäÉ=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=~=ëáåÖäÉ=ÑáÉäÇK=

fåíÉêÉëíáåÖäóI=~äëç=íÜçëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=íïç=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ñ~ÅÉ=ëÉêáçìë=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=áå=áÇÉåíáÑóáåÖ=çåÉ=
ëáåÖäÉ= êÉÖìä~íçêó= ÑáÉäÇ= Éåí~áäáåÖ= íÜÉ= ÜáÖÜÉëí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëK= qÜÉ= çéíáçå= ÚÇçåÛí= âåçïLåç= ~åëïÉêÛ= ìëì~ääó=
RQ
ê~åâë=ëÉÅçåÇ=áå=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=~ÑíÉê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK =

qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêë=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=Ñáêãë=áå=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ=EQO=BF=~åÇ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=EQP=BF=ÅáíÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=
~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=íÜ~å=ëÉêîáÅÉ=Ñáêãë=EOQ=BJPP=BFK=qÜáë=êÉëìäí=áë=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ~ÄäÉ=ÄÉJ
Å~ìëÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= çéÉê~íáåÖ= áå= ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå= ~êÉ= ãìÅÜ= ãçêÉ= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= Äó= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=
êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜ~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=çíÜÉê=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêëK=cáêãë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=íê~åëéçêí=~åÇ=ÅçããÉêÅÉ=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=ëçJ
Åá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ~åÇ= éÉåëáçå= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= EON=BF= ~åÇ= êÉëíêáÅíáçåë= çå= ïçêâáåÖ= Üçìêë= ET=BF= ãçêÉ= çÑíÉå= íÜ~å= íÜÉáê=
ÅçìåíÉêé~êíë=áå=çíÜÉê=ëÉÅíçêëK==

qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=Åçìåíêó=ëÜçïë=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=éêçåçìåÅÉÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉëK=fåÇÉÉÇI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ÖêÉ~í=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉJ
Ö~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=pjbë=Åçãéä~áå=~Äçìí=EëÉÉ=cáÖìêÉ=PKOFK=
=

RQ== låäó=Ñáêãë=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=NMJQV=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ÅáíÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=í~ñÉë=ENQ=BF=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=íÜ~å=éêçîáÇáåÖ=åç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=~åëïÉê=ENO=BFK=

OT
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

cáÖìêÉ=PKOW= cáÉäÇë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI==
bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMNG=

fí~äó
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ
fêä~åÇ
dÉêã~åó
kçêï~ó
cê~åÅÉ
^ìëíêá~
dêÉÉÅÉ
aÉåã~êâ
fÅÉä~åÇ
_ÉäÖáìã
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë
pé~áå
cáåä~åÇ
mçêíìÖ~ä
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå
pïÉÇÉå

bìêçéÉJNV

MB NMB OMB PMB QMB RMB SMB TMB UMB VMB NMMB

== eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Ñçê=ïçêâÉêë= pçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=éÉåëáçå=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=í~ñÉë=

= oÉëíêáÅíáçå=çå=ïçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë= líÜÉê= açåÛí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉê=

G= cáÖìêÉ=PKO=éêÉëÉåíë=çåäó=íÜÉ=Ñçìê=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ãÉåíáçåÉÇ=ãçëí=çÑíÉå=Äó=íÜÉ=áåèìáêÉÇ=pjbëK=qÜÉ=êÉã~áåáåÖ=ÑáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇë=~êÉ=ÅçãÄáåÉÇ=
~åÇ=ëÜçïå=ìåÇÉê=íÜÉ=Å~íÉÖçêó=ÚçíÜÉêÛK=

pçìêÅÉW=^å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=bkpoJé~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK=

fí=áë=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=íç=åçíáÅÉ=íÜ~í=áå=~ää=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVI=pjbë=~Ö~áå=Ü~îÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=áå=ëáåÖäáåÖ=çìí=çåÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=
êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇ=íÜ~í=Å~ìëÉë=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåK=få=íÉå=çìí=çÑ=íÜÉ=NV=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=íÜÉ=ÚÇçåÛí=âåçïLåç=
~åëïÉêÛ=J=Å~íÉÖçêó=áë=íÜÉ=çéíáçå=ÅÜçëÉå=ãçëí=çÑíÉåK=få=ÑáîÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=áí=ê~åâë=çå=íÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=éçëáíáçå=E~ÑíÉê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=
~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíóF=~åÇ=áå=~åçíÜÉê=Ñçìê=áå=íÜÉ=íÜáêÇ=éçëáíáçåK=^Åêçëë=bìêçéÉJNVI=çå=~îÉê~ÖÉ=~äãçëí=ÉîÉêó=ÑçìêíÜ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=
RR
áë=åçí=~ÄäÉ=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=çåÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇK =

låÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜáë=êÉëìäí=áë=íÜ~í=~Åêçëë=bìêçéÉJNV=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=~=ä~êÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÇáÑJ
ÑÉêÉåí=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=íÜ~í=áë=íç=ë~ó=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=áå=áíë=ÉåíáêÉíóK=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêJ
ÇÉåë=~êÉ=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=ëÉîÉê~ä=ä~ïë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áåíÉêéä~óI=ã~âáåÖ=áí=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=Ñçê=pjbë=íç=ëáåÖäÉ=çìí=àìëí=çåÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=
êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇK=^=ÇáêÉÅí=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=íÜáë=çîÉê~ää=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=Ñçê= êÉÅêìáíJ
ãÉåí=ÄÉÅçãÉë=ãçêÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=~åÇ=íáãÉ=ÅçåëìãáåÖ=Ñçê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëK=pçI=áí=Å~å=ÄÉ=~ëëìãÉÇI=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=ÅçãéäÉñ=
~åÇ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=íÜÉ=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=Ñçê=~å=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=áëI=íÜÉ=äÉëë=äáâÉäó=ÜÉ=áë=ïáääáåÖ=íç=êÉÅêìáí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

qÜáë= Éñéä~å~íáçå= áë= Ä~ÅâÉÇ= ìé= Äó= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= Ñêçã= î~êáçìë= å~íáçå~ä= ëíìÇáÉëI= ïÜáÅÜ= ~êÉ= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ÑçääçïáåÖ=
é~ê~Öê~éÜK=

PKOKNK= bîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=áå=áíë=ÉåíáêÉíó=
^=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=å~íáçå~ä=ëíìÇáÉë=ëÜçï=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉëí=ÄìêÇÉå=çå=pjbë=ÇçÉë=åçí=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=
Äìí= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ÉåíáêÉíó= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= äÉÖáëä~íáçåK= cçê= áåëí~åÅÉI= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= Ü~äÑ= ERT=BF= çÑ= dÉêã~å= pjbë=

RR== qÜáë=ÜçäÇë=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Ñçê=pjbë=áå=pïÉÇÉå=ERM=BFI=aÉåã~êâ=EQT=BFI=kçêï~ó=EQS=BFI=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=EQN=BF=~åÇ=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=EPU=BFK=

OU=
 `Ü~éíÉê=P=J=qÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=

Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=ÇÉÅä~êÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÄáÖÖÉëí=ÄçííäÉåÉÅâ=íç=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ä~Äçìê=ä~ï=áå=áíë=
RS
ÉåíáêÉíó=~åÇ=åçí=Ñêçã=~=ëáåÖäÉ=ä~ï=çê=êÉÖìä~íáçåK ==

^=ëáãáä~ê=êÉëìäí=ï~ë=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=Äó=~=pïÉÇáëÜ=ëíìÇóI=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=äçï=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=áë=
Å~ìëÉÇI=íç=~=ÖêÉ~í=ÉñíÉåíI=Äó=êìäÉë=~åÇ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïÜáÅÜ=áå=~ÇÇáíáçå=~êÉ=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉçìë=
RT
íç=ëã~ää=Åçãé~åáÉëK =^åçíÜÉê=pïÉÇáëÜ=ëíìÇó=Éî~äì~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=éêçÄäÉãë=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë=êÉîÉ~äÉÇ=íÜ~í=Åçãé~J
åáÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë= íç= áåíÉêéêÉí= ÅçêêÉÅíäó= íÜÉ= î~êáçìë= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ= íç= çÄëÉêîÉK= qÜÉó= ÇÉJ
ã~åÇ=ÄÉííÉê=ëÉêîáÅÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~åÇ=ïçìäÇ=~äëç=éêÉÑÉê=äÉëë=ÅçãéäÉñ=êìäÉë=äÉ~îáåÖ=ãçêÉ=êççã=Ñçê=êÉëéçåJ
RU
ëáÄáäáíó= íç= íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK = táíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ= íç= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëI= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= çÑíÉå= Ü~îÉ= íêçìÄäÉ= íç= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=
RV
íÜÉ=î~êáçìë=äÉÖáëä~íáîÉ=åçêãë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK =

^= êÉÅÉåí= _êáíáëÜ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=çÑ= êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÄìêÇÉåë= ÅçåÇìÅíÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= _ÉííÉê= oÉÖìä~íáçå=q~ëâ= cçêÅÉ= E_oqcF= ÅçåJ
ÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=Ñáêã=çïåÉêë=ïÉêÉ=Çáëíê~ÅíÉÇ=Ñêçã=êìååáåÖ=~åÇ=ÖêçïáåÖ=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=Äó=~=Åìäãáå~íáçå=çÑ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
SM
áåÅäìÇáåÖ=í~ñ~íáçåI=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=äÉÖáëä~íáçåI=éìÄäáÅ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä=êÉÖìä~íáçåK =jçêÉçîÉêI=
áí=ï~ë=êÉÅçÖåáëÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÉñéÉêíáëÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=ëìÅÜ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ï~ë=ãçêÉ=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=
áå=ä~êÖÉê=ÑáêãëK=qÜìëI=íÜÉ=ÉåíáêÉíó=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=çÄëÉêîÉÇ=áë=ãìÅÜ=ãçêÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëçãÉ=Ñçê=ëã~ääÉê=
ÑáêãëK=

få=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=dÉêã~å=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅë=~åÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖóDë=áåáíá~íáîÉ=Úaáëã~åíäáåÖ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~J
íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëÛI= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= çïåÉêë= ïÉêÉ= áåîáíÉÇ= íç= áÇÉåíáÑó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= çÄëí~ÅäÉë= ~åÇ= íç= ã~âÉ= éêçéçë~äë= Ñçê= êÉJ
SN
ãÉÇá~ä=~Åíáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉåK =qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçéçë~äë=~åÇ=ÅçããÉåíë=êÉÅÉáîÉÇ=ëÜÉÇë=ëçãÉ=äáÖÜí=çå=íÜÉ=éÉêJ
SO
ÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉïK =^=ä~êÖÉ=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçããìåáíó=
ÇáÇ=åçí=íÜáåâ=íÜÉ=ëçäìíáçå=ï~ë=íç=~ãÉåÇ=ëáåÖäÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=çê=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=få=Ñ~ÅíI=PU=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=ÉñJ
éêÉëë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ÇáëÅçåíÉåíK=rëì~ääóI=íÜÉëÉ=çéáåáçåë=êÉÑäÉÅí=íÜÉ=ëìã=çÑ=ìåÑ~îçìê~ÄäÉ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉë=ã~ÇÉ=áå=íÜÉ=é~ëíI=
ïáíÜçìí=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=ÄÉáåÖ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ëéÉÅáÑó=áå=ÇÉí~áä=ïÜ~í=Éñ~Åíäó=Å~ìëÉÇ=íÜáë=ÑÉÉäáåÖ=çÑ=ÇáëÅçåíÉåíK=qÜÉ=
êÉéçêí=ÅçåÅäìÇÉë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=íçéáÅ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=çÑ=~=ê~íÜÉê=ÅçãéäÉñ=~åÇ=ëçãÉíáãÉë=ÇáÑÑìëÉ=å~íìêÉK=

qÜÉëÉ=êÉëìäíë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=Äó=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáåÖ=àìëí=çå=çåÉ=çê=
çå=~=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇI=íÜìëI=Ñ~Åáäáí~íáåÖ=~ÇJ
Çáíáçå~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåíëI=áí=ëÉÉãë=íÜ~í=íÜáë=ïçìäÇ=êÉèìáêÉ=~=ãçêÉ=íÜçêçìÖÜI=ÜçäáëíáÅ=êÉÑçêã=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~J
íáçåK=qÜáë=êÉëìäí=áë=Ä~ÅâÉÇ=ìé=Äó=å~íáçå~ä=ëíìÇáÉëK=

få=~=dÉêã~å=ëíìÇóI=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉI=áí=áë=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=éêçÄäÉã=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=
êÉÇìÅÉÇ=çåäó=Äó=~=ÄìåÇäÉ=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~åÇ=åçí=Äó=áëçä~íÉÇ=ãçÇáÑáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=ëáåÖäÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=çê=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=^=
ÅçåÅÉêíÉÇ=ÉÑÑçêí=áë=êÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~ÅÜáÉîÉ=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=~=éçëáJ
SP
íáîÉ=áãé~Åí=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Çóå~ãáÅëK =

oÉä~íáîÉäó= ëã~ää= ~ãÉåÇãÉåíë= áå= dÉêã~å= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ä~ï= EÇáëãáëë~ä= éêçíÉÅíáçåI= íÉãéçê~êó= ~ÖÉåÅó= ïçêâI= ëí~íìJ
SQ
íçêó=ëáÅâ=é~ó=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÅçìåÅáäëF=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=çåäó=äáãáíÉÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=àçÄ=ÅêÉ~íáçå=áë=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK =qÜáë=áë=ä~êÖÉäó=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=í~âÉå=áå=áëçä~íáçå=ïÉêÉ=çåäó=ê~íÜÉê=ãçÇÉëíK=qÜÉ=ä~êÖÉëí=éçëáíáîÉ=áãé~ÅíI=íÜçìÖÜ=ëíáää=êÉä~íáîÉäó=
SR
ëã~ääI=ï~ë=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=Äó=~ãÉåÇãÉåíëI=ïÜáÅÜ=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=ÖêÉ~íÉê=ÑäÉñáÄáäáíó=áåíç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK =^Ö~áåI=íÜáë=
ëíìÇó=ëìÖÖÉëíë=~=íÜçêçìÖÜ=êÉÑçêã=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~Äçìê=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=áå=áíë=ÉåíáêÉíó=íÜ~í=áë=åçí=ÅçåÑáåÉÇ=íç=ãáåçê=ãçÇáÑáÅ~J
íáçåë=çÑ=ëáåÖäÉ=ä~ïëK=

^= ëíìÇó= Ñêçã= iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= ~äëç= ëí~íÉë= ~= ÅÉêí~áå= áåÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= çÑ= ÅìêêÉåí= éçäáÅáÉëI= ïÜáÅÜ= áåíÉåÇ= íç= ëáãéäáÑó= íÜÉ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíK=få=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=óÉ~êë=ëáåÖäÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ìåÇÉêí~âÉåI=ïÜáÅÜI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=ëÜçï=çåäó=
~=ãáåçê=áãé~ÅíK=fåëíÉ~ÇI=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~å=çîÉê~ää=ëíê~íÉÖó=íÜ~í=~áãë=~í=~=ÖÉåÉê~ä=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
SS
ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=êÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇK =^=ëáãáä~ê=ÅçåÅäìëáçå=áë=Çê~ïå=Äó=~å=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ëíìÇó=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=éêçíÉÅíáçå=áå=

RS== lÉÅÜëäÉêI= tK^KI= ~åÇ= qK= mÉìåíåÉêI= ^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí= ~äë= jáííÉä= ÇÉê= _ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëéçäáíáâ= Ei~Äçìê= ä~ï= ~ë= ~å= áåëíêìãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÅêÉ~íáçå= éçäáÅáÉëFI= áåW= mÉêëçåJ
~äÑÏÜêìåÖI=kçK=PLOMMMI=éK=RMJRVI=aÏëëÉäÇçêÑI=OMMMK=
RT== jK=eÉåêÉâëëçåI=fåëíáíìíáçåÉää~=ÑÕêìíë®ííåáåÖ~ê=ÑÕê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÕêëâ~é=çÅÜ=ÑÕêÉí~Ö~êíáääî®ñíI=qáääî®ñíW=ëîÉåëâ=ÑçêëâåáåÖ=çã=ÑÕêÉí~Öë=Éñé~åëáçåI=OMMNK=
RU== kçêãÖêìééÉåI=ÑÕêÉåâä~Ç=êÉÖäÉêáåÖ=ÖÉåíÉãçí=å®êáåÖëäáîÉíI=NVURK=
RV== bñéÉêí=áåíÉêîáÉï=ïáíÜ=~å=çÑÑáÅá~ä=Ñêçã=Úpí~êíäáåàÉåÛ=EíÜÉ=pí~êíáåÖ=iáåÉFK=
SM== _ÉííÉê=oÉÖìä~íáçå=q~ëâ=cçêÅÉI=eÉäéáåÖ=pã~ää=cáêãë=`çéÉ=ïáíÜ=oÉÖìä~íáçå=J=bñÉãéíáçåë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=^ééêç~ÅÜÉëI=içåÇçåI=OMMMK=EoÉéçêí=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñêçã=QN=
êÉäÉî~åí=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëI=~å=ìåëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=íÉäÉéÜçåÉ=áåíÉêîáÉïë=~åÇ=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉë=~Åêçëë=~ää=ëÉÅíçêëKF=
SN== _ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìã=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=ìåÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉI=_ÉêáÅÜí=ÏÄÉê=ÇÉå=pí~åÇ=ÇÉê=fåáíáíá~íáîÉ=^ÄÄ~ì=ÄÏêçâê~íáëÅÜÉê=eÉããåáëëÉ=ÇÉë=_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=
ìåÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉ=EoÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=ëí~íìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåáíá~íáîÉ=Úaáëã~åíäáåÖ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëÛ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅë=~åÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖóÛFI=_ÉêäáåI=OMMNK=
SO== qÜÉ=éêçéçë~äë=Çç=åçí=ÉñÅäìëáîÉäó=ÑçÅìë=çå=ÄìêÉ~ìÅê~Åó=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ä~Äçìê=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=Äìí=íÜáë=~êÉ~=áë=ÅäÉ~êäó=çÑ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=ÅçåÅÉêå=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=
SP== _ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìã=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=ìåÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉI=_ÉêáÅÜí=ÏÄÉê=ÇÉå=pí~åÇ=ÇÉê=fåáíáíá~íáîÉ=^ÄÄ~ì=ÄÏêçâê~íáëÅÜÉê=eÉããåáëëÉ=ÇÉë=_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=
ìåÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉ=EoÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=ëí~íìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåáíá~íáîÉ=Úaáëã~åíäáåÖ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëÛ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅë=~åÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖóÛFI=_ÉêäáåI=OMMNK=
SQ== lÉÅÜëäÉêI= tK^KI= ~åÇ= qK= mÉìåíåÉêI= ^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí= ~äë= jáííÉä= ÇÉê= _ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëéçäáíáâ= Ei~Äçìê= ä~ï= ~ë= ~å= áåëíêìãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÅêÉ~íáçå= éçäáÅáÉëFI= áåW= mÉêëçåJ
~äÑÏÜêìåÖI=kçK=PLOMMMI=éK=RMJRVI=aÏëëÉäÇçêÑI=OMMMK=
SR== qÜÉ= ÇÉêÉÖìä~íáçå= çÑ= ÑáñÉÇ= íÉêã= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= Åçåíê~Åíë= ~ë= ïÉää= ~ë= çÑ= íÉãéçê~êó= ~ÖÉåÅó= ïçêâ= ~ääçïÉÇ= pjbë= ~= ãçêÉ= ÑäÉñáÄäÉ= êÉëéçåëÉ= íç= ìåÑçêÉëÉÉ~ÄäÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= áå=
ÇÉã~åÇK=
SS== píìÇó=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=pjbë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëâáääÉÇ=Åê~Ñí=ëÉÅíçê=áå=iìñÉãÄçìêÖK=EëÉÉ=ïïïKÅÇãKäì=ëÉÅíáçå=ÚpÉêîáÅÉëÛ=~åÇ=ëìÄëÉÅíáçå=ÚÅÜ~êÖÉë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉëÛKF=

OV
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

áåÇìëíêá~äáëÉÇ=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=fí=~äëç=~ÇîçÅ~íÉë=Äêç~ÇJëÅ~äÉ=êÉÑçêãë=íÜ~í=êÉÑäÉÅí=íÜÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=çÑ=äÉÖ~ä=éêçîáJ
ST
ëáçåë=áå=íÜáë=~êÉ~=~åÇ=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉáê=áåíÉê~ÅíáçåëK =

qÜÉ= ÅìêêÉåí= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= áå= mçêíìÖ~äI=ÇáêÉÅíäó=çê= áåÇáêÉÅíäó= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=
~êÉ=~äëç=ïáÇÉäó=ÇáëéÉêëÉÇK=qÜáë=Å~ìëÉë=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=éêçÄäÉãë=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=~ééäó=íÜÉëÉ=ä~ïëK=få=çêJ
ÇÉê=íç=áãéêçîÉ=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçåI=~=`çããáëëáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=^å~äóëáë=~åÇ=póëíÉã~íáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=i~Äçìê=i~ï=
Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=~í=íÜÉ=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=óÉ~ê=OMMMK=qÜÉ=`çããáëëáçåDë=í~ëâ=áë=íç=áåáíá~íÉ=Äêç~Ç=êÉÑçêãëI=ïÜáÅÜ=
ïáää=ã~âÉ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=äÉÖ~ä=êÉÖáãÉë=ãçêÉ=~ÅÅÉëëáÄäÉI=ÄÉííÉê=ëìáíÉÇ=íç=íÜÉáê=çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÉÑÑáÅáÉåíK=

PKOKOK= i~ï=ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=~åÇ=äÉÖ~ä=ÅÉêí~áåíó=
^= êÉÅÉåí= áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ëíìÇó= ëÜçïë= íÜ~í= ä~ï= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= éä~óë= ~= ÅêìÅá~ä= êçäÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÑìåÅíáçåáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ä~Äçìê=
SU
ã~êâÉíK = få= Ñ~ÅíI= àìêáëéêìÇÉåÅÉ= ~ééÉ~êë= íç= ÄÉ= îÉêó= áãéçêí~åí= ~åÇ= åçí= çåäó= íÜÉ= ëíêáÅíåÉëë= çÑ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= éÉê= ëÉK=
o~íÜÉê=î~ÖìÉ=äÉÖ~ä=ÇÉÑáåáíáçåë=çÑ=ÉKÖK=ìåÑ~áê=Çáëãáëë~äë=ÖáîÉ=íÜÉ=Åçìêíë=êççã=íç=áåíÉêéêÉí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=qÜáë=áë=ëìéJ
éçëÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=~å=áãéçêí~åí=êÉ~ëçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÜìÖÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=Å~ëÉë=ÄêçìÖÜí=Ñçêï~êÇ=íç=Åçìêíë=áå=cê~åÅÉI=dÉêã~åó=
~åÇ=pé~áåK=

qÜÉ= äáâÉäáÜççÇ= çÑ= ~= Ñ~îçìê~ÄäÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçå= çÑ= ~= Åçìêí= ~ééÉ~êë= íç= éä~ó= ~å= áãéçêí~åí= êçäÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÇÉÅáëáçå= çÑ= ~å= ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉ= íç= í~âÉ= äÉÖ~ä=~Åíáçå= áå= ä~Äçìê=ÇáëéìíÉëK= cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= íÜÉ= çìíÅçãÉ= çÑ= Åçìêí= êìäáåÖë= ÇçÉë= åçí= ëÉÉã= íç= ÄÉ=
Ñìääó= áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí= çÑ= ÉñíÉêå~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= íÜÉ= ÅóÅäáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= êÉÖáçå~ä=ä~Äçìê= ã~êâÉí= ëáíì~íáçå= çê= íÜÉ= ÇÉÖêÉÉ= çÑ=
ìåáçåáë~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçêâÑçêÅÉK=bãéáêáÅ~ä=Ç~í~=Ñêçã=dÉêã~åó=~åÇ=pé~áå=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=àìÇÖÉë=éêçíÉÅí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ñ~ê=
SV
ãçêÉ=~Ö~áåëí=Çáëãáëë~äë=ÇìêáåÖ=ÅóÅäáÅ~ä=Ççïåíìêåë=íÜ~å=áå=ÄççãáåÖ=ä~Äçìê=ã~êâÉí=ÅçåÇáíáçåëK =

bãéäçóÉêëI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=ÅçåëáÇÉê=ìåÑçêÉëÉÉ~ÄäÉ=çìíÅçãÉë=çÑ=Åçìêí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~ë=~=ÖêÉ~í=Ä~êêáÉêI=ïÜáÅÜ=ãáÖÜí=áãéÉÇÉ=
íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=éÉêã~åÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=bîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñêçã=fí~äó=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=ã~àçê=éêçÄäÉãë=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~J
íáçå=~åÇ=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ=Çáëãáëë~ä=ä~ïë=áå=Åçìêí=éêçÅÉÉÇáåÖëK=qÜìëI=íÜÉëÉ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=~êÉ=åçí=éêáã~êáäó=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=
íÜÉ=ëíêáÅíåÉëë=çÑ=Çáëãáëë~ä=ä~ïë=éÉê=ëÉ=Äìí=ê~íÜÉê=íç=íÜÉáê=ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=áå=ä~Äçìê=ÇáëéìíÉëK=

^=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=ëíìÇó=ÜáÖÜäáÖÜíÉÇ=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=àçÄ=ÅêÉ~íáçåK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=
ã~áå=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=ï~ë=íÜ~í=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=Ñáêãë=Çç=åçí=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=~Ç~éí=íÜÉáê=ä~Äçìê=ÑçêÅÉ=íç=íÉãéçê~êó=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=
ÇÉã~åÇK=cäÉñáÄäÉ=êÉ~Åíáçåë=íç=íÉãéçê~êó=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=EÉKÖK=íÜêçìÖÜ=ëÜçêíJíÉêã=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=~åÇ=Çáëãáëë~ä=çÑ=ÉãéäçóJ
ÉÉëF=~êÉ=êÉåÇÉêÉÇ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=Äó=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜ=~ÇàìëíãÉåí=Åçëíë=áåÇìÅÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=Çáëãáëë~ä=éêçÅÉëëK=qÜÉëÉ=Åçëíë=~êÉ=Å~ìëÉÇ=
Äó=ÜáÖÜ=Ñáå~åÅá~ä=ÅçãéÉåë~íáçå=ÑÉÉë=~åÇI=ãçêÉ=áãéçêí~åíäóI=Äó=íÜÉ=áãéçëáíáçå=çÑ=~=ÅçãéäÉñ=~åÇ=äÉåÖíÜó=ëÉí=çÑ=
TM
Åçìêí=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=Çáëãáëë~ä=éêçÅÉëëK =

a~åáëÜ=pjbë=ÅçåëáÇÉê=ÑêÉèìÉåí=ä~ï=~ãÉåÇãÉåíë=~ë=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåK=qÜáë=ÜçäÇë=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=Ñçê=
ëã~ää=Åçãé~åáÉëK=oÉä~íáîÉäó=ëã~ää=çê=åçåJÉñáëíÉåí=éÉêëçååÉä=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=ÇÉé~êíãÉåíë=ã~âÉ=áí=ãìÅÜ=Ü~êÇÉê=Ñçê=
íÜÉëÉ= Ñáêãë= íç= êÉ~Åí= íç= åÉïäó=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ= çê= ãçÇáÑáÉÇ= êÉÖìä~íáçåëK= qÜÉ= ëã~ääÉê= ÄìëáåÉëëÉëÛ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê= áë=åçêã~ääó=
TN
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëÉÇ=Äó=êçìíáåÉI=ëç=íÜ~í=ÑêÉèìÉåí=~ãÉåÇãÉåíë=êÉéêÉëÉåí=~=ëéÉÅá~ä=ÄìêÇÉåK =

PKOKOK= `çåÅäìëáçåë=
qç=ÅçåÅäìÇÉI=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=Ö~áåÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=
pjbë=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Ñêçã=å~íáçå~ä=ëíìÇáÉë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ã~áåäó=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=
çÄëÅìêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåíáêÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK=få=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÜÉãJ
ëÉäîÉë=~êÉ=åçí=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=ÄìêÇÉåëçãÉK=fåëíÉ~ÇI=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=ÅçääÉÅíáåÖ=~åÇ=ÖÉåÉê~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=áåÑçêã~J
íáçå=áå=íÜáë=ÅçãéäÉñ=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêÉ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=ëÉÉãë=íç=éä~ÅÉ=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=
pjbëK=båíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÑáåÇ=çìí=áå=íÜáë=çÄëÅìêÉ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=ïÜáÅÜ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~êÉ=êÉäÉJ
î~åí=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Å~ëÉI=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=íÜÉëÉ=åçêãë=~åÇ=ïçêâ=çìí=ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉÅáëÉ=~Åíáçåë=~êÉ=ÇÉJ
ã~åÇÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉãK=
=
=

ST== _Éêíçä~I=dKI=qK=_çÉêá=~åÇ=pK=`~òÉëI=bãéäçóãÉåí=áå=áåÇìëíêá~äáòÉÇ=ÅçìåíêáÉëW=qÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=Ñçê=åÉï=áåÇáÅ~íçêëX=áåW=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=oÉîáÉïI=sçäK=NPVI=kçK=NI=éK=RTJTOI=
dÉåÉî~I=OMMMK=
SU== _Éêíçä~I=dKI=qK=_çÉêá=~åÇ=pK=`~òÉëI=bãéäçóãÉåí=áå=áåÇìëíêá~äáòÉÇ=ÅçìåíêáÉëW=qÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=Ñçê=åÉï=áåÇáÅ~íçêëX=áåW=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=oÉîáÉïI=sçäK=NPVI=kçK=NI=éK=RTJTOI=
dÉåÉî~I=OMMMK=
SV== _Éêíçä~I=dKI=qK=_çÉêá=~åÇ=pK=`~òÉëI=bãéäçóãÉåí=áå=áåÇìëíêá~äáòÉÇ=ÅçìåíêáÉëW=qÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=Ñçê=åÉï=áåÇáÅ~íçêëX=áåW=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=oÉîáÉïI=sçäK=NPVI=kçK=NI=éK=RTJTOI=
dÉåÉî~I=OMMMK=
TM== mçêíìÖ~äI=mKI=gçÄ=îçä~íáäáíóI=àçÄ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ìåÉãéäçóãÉåí=éêçíÉÅíáçåI=nì~êíÉêäó=bÅçåçãáÅ=oÉéçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=`Éåíê~ä=_~åâI=aÉÅÉãÄÉêI=iáëÄçåI=NVVVI=ééK=
RNJSPK=
TN== qÉâåçäçÖáëâ=fåëíáíìí=Ñçê=bêÜîÉêîëJ=çÖ=pÉäëâ~ÄëëíóêÉäëÉåI=E~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~ÅíëW=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=Ñçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íóéÉë=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëëÉëFI=NVVUK=Eáå=a~åáëÜFK=

PM=
 `Ü~éíÉê=Q=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=
~Åíì~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=
=

få=íÜáë=ëÉÅíáçå=íÜÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=äççâë=~í=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåí=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Ü~îÉ=~å=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=pjbëK=cáêëíI=áí=áë=~å~äóëÉÇ=áÑ=íÜçëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=
íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=ë~áÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçå=áë=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Çç=áåÇÉÉÇ=êÉÅêìáí=äÉëë=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜ~å=íÜçëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íÜ~í=Çç=åçí=Åçãéä~áå=~Äçìí=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëK= pÉÅçåÇäóI= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= áë= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= íç= ïÜ~í= ÉñíÉåí= pjbë= ìëÉ= ~äíÉêå~íáîÉ= Ñçêãë= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= áå=
çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜÉó=ïçìäÇ=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÇÉ~ä=
ïáíÜ=áÑ=íÜÉó=ïçìäÇ=êÉÅêìáí=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

QKNK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= êÉÖìä~ê=

ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
a~í~=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=OKO=ëÜçïÉÇ=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ü~îÉ=~=ëìÄJ
ëí~åíá~ä=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=pjbëD=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=êÉÅêìáí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=~êÉ=ìëì~ääó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=
Äó= ~= ä~êÖÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= Ñ~ÅíçêëX= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ÄÉáåÖ= çåäó= çåÉ= Ñ~Åíçê= ~ãçåÖ= ã~åó= çíÜÉêë= EëÉÉ=
cáÖìêÉ=OKNFK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI=áí=áë=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=íç=ëÉÉ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ü~îÉ=~=ÇÉÅáëáîÉ=áãé~Åí=çå=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=çÑ=pjbëK=

lå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëI=íÜÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëÛ=~ÅJ
íì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇK=táíÜ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë=áí=ï~ë=éçëëáÄäÉ=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=íÜÉ=âáåÇ=çÑ=
ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉëìäíáåÖ= Ñêçã= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= Äó=
ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK==

qïç= Öêçìéë= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ëÉäÉÅíÉÇK= qÜÉ= Ñáêëí= Öêçìé= Åçåëáëíë= çÑ= íÜÉ= PN=B= çÑ= bìêçéÉ~å= pjbë= íÜ~í= ë~ó=
íÜ~í= íÜÉáê= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~êÉ= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= Äó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= íÜÉ= ÑáÉäÇ= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=Öêçìé=áåÅäìÇÉë=íÜçëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íÜ~í=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=åçí=~í=~ää=çê=
çåäó=íç=~=ëã~ää=ÉñíÉåí=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=

^=Ñ~Åíçê=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíá~íáåÖ=ÄçíÜ=Öêçìéë=áë=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=çìê=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ãçÇÉä=~ë=~=éçíÉåíá~ä=ÇÉíÉêãáå~åí=çÑ=~Åíì~ä=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜK=`çåíêçääáåÖ=Ñçê=î~êáçìë=çíÜÉê=éçíÉåíá~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=Éñéä~áåáåÖ=~Åíì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜI=áíë=ÉÑÑÉÅí=
ëíáää= ~ééÉ~êë= íç= ÄÉ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíK= bìêçéÉ~å= pjbë= íÜ~í= ë~ó= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉáê= êÉJ
ÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ëã~ääÉê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=éÉêáçÇ=NVVV=íç=OMMM=E~ÅâåçïäJ
TO
ÉÇÖáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=çíÜÉê=ÇÉíÉêãáå~åíë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜFK ==

qÜìëI=íÜÉ=ëìêîÉó=êÉëìäíë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=áå=íÜÉ=~ÄëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ÜáÖÜÉê=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK==

TO= qÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=~å~äóëÉë=EíÉëíáåÖ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=~í=~=R=B=äÉîÉäF=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=ìëáåÖ=~å=~ÇàìëíÉÇ=_áêÅÜ=EÉãéäçóãÉåíF=ÖêçïíÜ=ê~íÉ=~ë=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉW=EåìãÄÉê=
çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=OMMM=J=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=NVVVF{E¼FGEEåìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=OMMM=J=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=NVVVFLåìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=NVVVFK==
= cçê= ãçêÉ= ÇÉí~áäë= çå= íÜÉ= ÅçåÅÉéí= çÑ= íÜÉ= _áêÅÜ= ÖêçïíÜ= ê~íÉI= ëÉÉW= bìêçéÉ~å= `çããáëëáçåI= lÄëÉêî~íçêó= çÑ= bìêçéÉ~å= pjbëX= eáÖÜäáÖÜíë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= OMMN= pìêîÉóX= oÉéçêí=
ëìÄãáííÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=båíÉêéêáëÉ=aáêÉÅíçê~íÉ=dÉåÉê~ä=Äó=hmjd=péÉÅá~äK=
= pÉêîáÅÉëI= bfj= _ìëáåÉëë= C= mçäáÅó= oÉëÉ~êÅÜI= ~åÇ= bkpoX= _êìëëÉäëI= OMMOKqÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= êÉëìäíë= ~äëç= ÉãÉêÖÉÇ= ïÜÉå= ~ééäóáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëí~åÇ~êÇ= EÉãéäçóãÉåíF= ÖêçïíÜ= ê~íÉ= EáKÉK=
ïáíÜçìí=ÅçêêÉÅíáçå=Ñ~ÅíçêF=~ë=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉK=

PN=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

TP
eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíë=áå=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íÉêãë=~êÉ=ê~íÜÉê=äçïK =aÉëéáíÉ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åí=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áåÇÉÉÇ=áë=~=ëóëJ
íÉã~íáÅ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áå=ÄçíÜ=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áë=ê~íÜÉê=äáãáíÉÇK=

qÜÉ= ë~ãÉ= êÉëíêáÅíáçå= ÜçäÇë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= íÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÖêçïíÜ= Äó=
ÅçìåíêóI= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= ëÉÅíçê= ~åÇ= äÉÖ~ä= ÑçêãK= ^í= íÜÉ= Åçìåíêó= äÉîÉä= íÜÉ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= ~å~äóëáë= êÉîÉ~äë= ~= ÅçêêÉëéçåÇáåÖ=
åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÅçêêÉä~íáçå=Ñçê=fí~äó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã=Eëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=~í=~=R=B=äÉîÉäF=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Ñçê=dÉêJ
ã~åó= Eëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=~í= ~= NM=B= äÉîÉäFK= cçê= _ÉäÖáìãI= cê~åÅÉI= dêÉÉÅÉ= ~åÇ= pé~áå= åç= ëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=
ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~åÇ= ~Åíì~ä=
TQ
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÇÉíÉÅíÉÇK =táíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêë=~åÇ=äÉÖ~ä=ÑçêãëI=~=ëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó=ëáÖåáÑáJ
Å~åí=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÅçêêÉä~íáçå=ÉãÉêÖÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=ëÉêîáÅÉë=ëÉÅíçê=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=Ñçê=éêáî~íÉ=äáãáíÉÇ=Åçãé~åáÉëK=

qç=ÅçåÅäìÇÉI=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=êÉëìäíë=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Çç=Ü~îÉ=~=
ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= çå= pjbëÛ= ~Åíì~ä= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÖêçïíÜK= eçïÉîÉêI= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áå= ~ÄëçäìíÉ= íÉêãë= áë= ê~íÜÉê=
äáãáíÉÇK=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~êÉ=åçí=íÜÉ=çåäó=Ñ~Åíçê=áåÑäìÉåÅáåÖ=pjbëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=`ìêJ
êÉåí= ~åÇ= ÑìíìêÉ= ã~êâÉí= çééçêíìåáíáÉëI=áKÉK= íÜÉ= Ñ~îçìê~ÄäÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ=ÇÉã~åÇ= Ñçê= éêçÇìÅíë= ~åÇLçê= ëÉêîáÅÉëI=
TR
~äëç=éä~ó=~å=áãéçêí~åí=êçäÉ=Ñçê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêëÛ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK =cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñêçã=~=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=
ëíìÇáÉë=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=ä~Äçìê=Åçëíë=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=çìíä~óë=~äëç=Ü~îÉ=~=ëíêçåÖ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÄÉJ
TS
Ü~îáçìêK =

QKOK= qÜÉ= ëíê~íÉÖáÅ= ìëÉ= çÑ= íÉãéçê~êó= ~ÖÉåÅó= ä~Äçìê= ~åÇ= çìíJ
ëçìêÅáåÖ=
^=ëíê~íÉÖó=çÑ=Ñáêãë=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ãáÖÜí=
ÄÉ=íç=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=çê=íç=çìíëçìêÅÉ=ïçêâ=áåëíÉ~Ç=çÑ=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=qÜìëI=
íÜÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=áÇÉ~=çÑ=ëìÅÜ=~=ëíê~íÉÖó=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=Úåçêã~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
êÉä~íáçåëÜáéëK=lå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=ëçãÉ=áåëáÖÜí=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=Ö~áåÉÇ=çå=íÜáë=áëëìÉK=

qÜÉ=ÉãéáêáÅ~ä=êÉëìäíë=áääìëíê~íÉ=íÜ~íI=Äó=~åÇ=ä~êÖÉI=ÄçíÜ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=çåäó=
éä~ó= ~= ãáåçê= êçäÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëD= ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë= íç= ~îçáÇ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉëìäíáåÖ= Ñêçã= êÉÖìä~ê= ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉë=QKN=~åÇ=QKOFK=

qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉ=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=áå=Ñ~ÅíI=UT=B=çÑ=~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=
íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=áë=åçí=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=~í=~ää=çê=çåäó=~=äáííäÉ=Äó=íÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=QKNFK=eçïÉîÉêI=ä~êÖÉê=pjbë=ïáíÜ=íÉå=çê=ãçêÉ=ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉë=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉå=Ñçääçï=íÜáë=ëíê~íÉÖó=~åÇ=ìëÉ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
íÜÉó=ïçìäÇ=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=Ñ~ÅÉ=áÑ=íÜÉó=ïçìäÇ=Éãéäçó=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=få=Ñ~ÅíI=NO=B=íç=NP=B=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ë~ó=
íÜ~í=ëìÅÜ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=~êÉ=çÑ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉI=çê=ÖêÉ~í=áãéçêí~åÅÉK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=QKNW= rëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ïçêâ=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖó=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=
íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
= = kìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
= = M= = N= = OJV= NMJQV RMJOQV qçí~ä
kçí=~í=~ääL~=äáííäÉ= TU=B UO=B UU=B UQ=B UR=B UT=B
`çåëáÇÉê~ÄäóLîÉêó=ãìÅÜ= T=B V=B T=B NO=B NP=B T=B
açåÛí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉê= NR=B V=B R=B Q=B O=B S=B
qçí~ä= NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B
pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

TP= cçê=ÇÉí~áäë=ëÉÉ=^ååÉñ=ffK=
TQ= cçê=íÜÉ=êÉã~áåáåÖ=íïÉäîÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=~å~äóëÉë=ÅçìäÇ=åçí=ÄÉ=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=ëÉé~ê~íÉäó=ÇìÉ=íç=~å=áåëìÑÑáÅáÉåí=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄëÉêî~íáçåëK=
TR== j®âáI=hKI=~åÇ=qK=mìââáåÉåI=qóÕå~åí~à~âëá=êóÜíóãáëÉå=âóååóâëÉí=E_~êêáÉêë=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~ãçåÖ=cáååáëÜ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇKFI=píìÇáÉë=~åÇ=oÉéçêíëI=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=
fåÇìëíêóI=eÉäëáåâáI=OMMMK=J=tÜÉä~åI=_KgKI=oK=_êÉÉåI=qK=`~ää~å=~åÇ=_K=kçä~åI=^=píìÇó=çÑ=íÜÉ=bãéäçóãÉåí=mçëëáÄáäáíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=içåÖ=qÉêã=råÉãéäçóÉÇI=píìÇó=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=
Ñçê=íÜÉ=aÉé~êíãÉåí=çÑ=i~ÄçìêI=qÜÉ=bÅçåçãáÅ=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=fåëíáíìíÉI=aìÄäáåI=NVVNK=J=krqbhI=cÕêÄ®ííê~=ÑÕê=åóÑÕêÉí~Ö~êÉåJ=krqbhë=ÉêÑ~êÉåÜÉíÉê=Ñê™å=pí~êíäáåàÉåI=
fåÑç=MTNJNVVVI=NVVVK=
TS== lÉÅÜëäÉêI=tK^KI=~åÇ=qK=mÉìåíåÉêI=^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí=~äë=jáííÉä=ÇÉê=_ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëéçäáíáâ=Ei~Äçìê=ä~ï=~ë=áåëíêìãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=éçäáÅáÉëFI=áåW=mÉêëçå~äÑÏÜêìåÖI=
kçK=PLOMMMI=éK=RMJRVI=aÏëëÉäÇçêÑI=OMMMK=J=aÉé~êíãÉåí=çÑ=i~ÄçìêI=bãéäçóÉêëÛ=mÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=bÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=i~Äçìê=iÉÖáëä~íáçåI=píìÇó=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=Äó=íÜÉ=bÅçåçãáÅ=~åÇ=
pçÅá~ä=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=fåëíáíìíÉ=çå=ÄÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=aÉé~êíãÉåí=çÑ=i~ÄçìêI=aìÄäáåI=NVUSK=J=káÉÜçÑI=gKI=~åÇ=bK=î~å=píê~íÉåI=_ÉäÉããÉêáåÖÉå=îççê=ÜÉí=áå=ÇáÉåëí=åÉãÉå=î~å=éÉêëçåJ
ÉÉä=áå=ÜÉí=jh_=EfãéÉÇáãÉåíë=íç=ëí~ÑÑ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=áå=pjbëFI=bfjI=wçÉíÉêãÉÉêI=NVVUK=J=j®âáI=hKI=~åÇ=qK=mìââáåÉåI=qóÕå~åí~à~âëá=êóÜíóãáëÉå=âóååóâëÉíK=E_~êêáÉêë=íç=bãJ
éäçóãÉåí=~ãçåÖ=cáååáëÜ=pÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇKF=píìÇáÉë=~åÇ=oÉéçêíëI=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóI=eÉäëáåâáI=OMMMK=

PO=
 `Ü~éíÉê=Q=J=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=~Åíì~ä=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=

_ó=Åçåíê~ëíI=çåäó=T=B=íç=VB=çÑ=pjbë=ïáíÜ=òÉêç=çê=àìëí=çåÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Ñçääçï=íÜáë=ëíê~íÉÖóK=q~ÄäÉ=QKN=~äëç=ëìÖÖÉëíëI=
íÜ~í=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=íÜÉ=ëã~ääÉëí=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=òÉêç=çê=àìëí=çåÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Ü~îÉ=~=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíó=íç=ë~ó=áÑ=íÜÉáê=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãJ
éçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=áë=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=ëìÅÜ=~=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ñêçã=êÉÖìä~ê=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=EÇçåÛí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉêFK=
=

cáÖìêÉ=QKNW= rëÉ= çÑ= íÉãéçê~êó= ä~Äçìê= ~ë= ~= ëíê~íÉÖó= íç= ~îçáÇ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉëìäíáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=

dêÉÉÅÉ
_ÉäÖáìã
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå
kçêï~ó
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë
cáåä~åÇ
fêÉä~åÇ
dÉêã~åó
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã
^ìëíêá~
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ
mçêíìÖ~ä
fí~äó
fÅÉä~åÇ
aÉåã~êâ
pïÉÇÉå
cê~åÅÉ
pé~áå

brJNV

MB NMB OMB PMB QMB RMB SMB TMB UMB VMB NMMB

= = `çåëáÇÉê~ÄäóLîÉêó=ãìÅÜ= kçí==~í=~ääL~=äáííäÉ= açåÛí=âåçï=

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

iççâáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅçìåíêóI=íÜÉ=äçï=ëÜ~êÉë=ëìÖÖÉëí=íÜ~í=íÜáë=~íóéáÅ~ä=Ñçêã=çÑ=ä~Äçìê=áë=Ü~êÇäó=
ìëÉÇ=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖáÅ=íççä=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇÉ~äí=ïáíÜ=ïÜÉå=
êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=dêÉÉÅÉ=~åÇ=_ÉäÖáìã=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ÉñÅÉéíáçåëK=qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêë=ÇçÉë=
åçí=êÉîÉ~ä=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ïçêâK=

páãáä~ê=êÉëìäíë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=ïÜÉå=äççâáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=çìíJ
ëçìêÅÉ=ïçêâ=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=QKOFK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=QKOW= lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖó=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=
êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=Äó=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
= = kìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
= = M= = N= = OJV= NMJQV RMJOQV qçí~ä
kçí=~í=~ääL~=äáííäÉ= TN=B TS=B UN=B UM=B TV=B TV=B
`çåëáÇÉê~ÄäóLîÉêó=ãìÅÜ= NQ=B NS=B NR=B NS=B NT=B NR=B
açåÛí=âåçïLåç=~åëïÉê= NR=B U=B Q=B Q=B Q=B S=B
qçí~ä= NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B
pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

cçê=TV=B=çÑ=~ää=ÑáêãëI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~êÉ=åç=êÉ~ëçå=íç=çìíëçìêÅÉ=ëçãÉ=
çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=~í=~ää=çê=àìëí=~=äáííäÉK=eçïÉîÉêI=~ää=áå=~ääI=NR=B=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~Çãáí=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=ÇÉÅáëáçåI=íç=
çìíëçìêÅÉ=ïçêâ=áë=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=ïçìäÇ=Ñ~ÅÉ=áÑ=
íÜÉó=ïçìäÇ=êÉÅêìáí=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=qÜáë=áë=íêìÉI=Äó=~åÇ=ä~êÖÉI=Ñçê=~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉJëáòÉ=Åä~ëëÉëK=píêçåÖ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=

PP
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ëã~ääÉëí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=pjbë=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=Å~ååçí=ë~ó=ëçãÉJ
íÜáåÖ=ÅçåÅêÉíÉ=~Äçìí=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ïçêâ=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖó=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåíK=låÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=éçíÉåíá~ä=áë=ê~íÜÉê=äáãáíÉÇ=áå=îÉêó=ëã~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=
=

cáÖìêÉ=QKOW= lìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ïçêâ=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖó=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóJ
ãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=

dêÉÉÅÉ
_ÉäÖáìã
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë
fêä~åÇ
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã
pé~áå
kçêï~ó
cáåä~åÇ
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå
fÅÉä~åÇ
pïÉÇÉå
^ìëíêá~
dÉêã~åó
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ
mçêíìÖ~ä
fí~äó
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ
cê~åÅÉ
aÉåã~êâ

brJNV

MB NMB OMB PMB QMB RMB SMB TMB UMB VMB NMMB

= `çåëáÇÉê~ÄäóLîÉêó=ãìÅÜ= kçí=~í=~ääL~=äáííäÉ= açåÛí=âåçï=

pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

qÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë=Äó= Åçìåíêó= ëìÖÖÉëíë= íÜ~í= ~é~êí= Ñêçã= dêÉÉÅÉI=_ÉäÖáìãI= íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=~åÇ= fêÉä~åÇ= íÜÉêÉ= ÇçÉë=åçí=
ëÉÉã=íç=ÄÉ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñçê=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=ëíê~íÉÖáÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=
êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêë=êÉîÉ~äë=åç=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=çìíëçìêÅJ
áåÖ=ïçêâK=

^ää=áå=~ääI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ÅäÉ~ê=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=~êÉ=ìëÉÇ=~ë=ëíê~íÉÖáÅ=
íççäë= íç= ~îçáÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉëìäíáåÖ= Ñêçã= êÉÖìä~ê= ÉãéäçóãÉåíK= qÜÉëÉ= ÑáåÇáåÖë= ~êÉ= Ä~ÅâÉÇ=ìé= Äó=å~J
íáçå~ä=ëíìÇáÉëK=^=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ëíìÇáÉë=ÅçåÑáêã=íÜ~í=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ïçêâ=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=~êÉ=ãçëíäó=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=
íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉñí=çÑ=~ÇàìëíãÉåí=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=~åÇ=åçí=~ë=~=ëíê~íÉÖó=íç=~îçáÇ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íÉÇ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK==

qç=ÅçåÅäìÇÉI=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~ê=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Çç=åçí=éä~ó=~=éêÉÇçãáJ
å~åí=êçäÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêëD=ÇÉÅáëáçå=íç=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=~åÇ=çìíëçìêÅáåÖK=kÉîÉêíÜÉJ
äÉëëI=ëçãÉ=ïÉáÖÜí=áë=~ííêáÄìíÉÇ=íç=íÜÉëÉ=áëëìÉë=~í=äÉ~ëí=Äó=êÉä~íáîÉäó=ä~êÖÉ=pjbë=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~âÉ=ãçêÉ=ÑêÉèìÉåíäó=ìëÉ=çÑ=
íÜÉëÉ=ëíê~íÉÖáÉëK=

PQ=
 `Ü~éíÉê=R=
dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=
=

qÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=`çìåÅáä=ãÉÉíáåÖ=áå=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=áå=NVVT=J=âåçïå=~ë=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄë=pìããáí=J=ÉåÇçêëÉÇ=~å=
~ãÄáíáçìë=bìêçéÉ~å=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ëíê~íÉÖóK=fí=ÉåÅçãé~ëëÉë=íÜÉ=ÅçJçêÇáå~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=jÉãÄÉê=pí~íÉëD=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
éçäáÅáÉë=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=Åçããçåäó=~ÖêÉÉÇ=bãéäçóãÉåí=dìáÇÉäáåÉë=áå=íÜÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçJÅ~ääÉÇ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=
éêçÅÉëëK= qÜÉ= jÉãÄÉê= pí~íÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÅçããáííÉÇ= íÜÉãëÉäîÉë= íç= ÄêáåÖ= íÜÉáê= éçäáÅáÉë= áåíç= äáåÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= çÄàÉÅíáîÉë= çÑ=
íÜÉëÉ=bãéäçóãÉåí=dìáÇÉäáåÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=ëí~êíÉÇ=íç=áãéäÉãÉåí=íÜÉ=éçäáÅó=êÉÑçêãë=~åÇ=áåáíá~íáîÉë=çìíäáåÉÇ=áå=
íÜÉáê= k~íáçå~ä= ^Åíáçå= mä~åëK= låÉ= ÉñéäáÅáíäó= ~ååçìåÅÉÇ= ~áã= áë= íç= êÉîáÉï= ~åÇ= ëáãéäáÑó= íÜÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë=
éçëÉÇ=çå=pjbë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=
TT TU TV
qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=_bpq =fãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=oÉéçêí =~åÇ=íÜÉ=gçáåí=bãéäçóãÉåí=oÉéçêí =Ü~îÉ=éêçîáÇÉÇ=ÉñíÉåëáîÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=
çå=íÜÉ=î~êáçìë=å~íáçå~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~åÇ=áåáíá~íáîÉë=ìåÇÉêí~âÉå=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=~åÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=
çå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=qÜÉ=ã~áå=áëëìÉë=ïÉêÉ=íÜÉ=áãéêçîÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëD=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíëI= íÜÉ= áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå= çÑ= çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéë= çê= ëáãáä~ê= áåáíá~íáîÉë= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= éêçîáÇÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=
ïáíÜ=~=ëáåÖäÉ=Åçåí~Åí=éçáåí=Ñçê=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=ÄÉííÉê=í~êÖÉíÉÇ=ëìééçêí=ëÉêîáÅÉë=
Ñçê=ëã~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÄÉäçï=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÜçìäÇ=ÑçëíÉê=ÉãéäçóJ
ãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜK=

RKNK= bäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=
qÜáë= ëÉÅíáçå= ~å~äóëÉë= íç= ïÜ~í= ÇÉÖêÉÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉë= éêçîáÇÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= éçëëáÄáäáíó= íç= ã~âÉ=
ìëÉ=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK=få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=ÉãéäçóÉêëD=~ï~êÉåÉëë=çÑ=çééçêíìåáíáÉë=
íç=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉ=çåäáåÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉëÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåë=~êÉ=~äëç=ëÜçïåK=

dÉåÉê~ääó=ëéÉ~âáåÖI=áå=~äãçëí=~ää=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVI=áåëíáíìíáçåëI=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=çÑ=
íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëI=çÑÑÉê=ëçãÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK=få=ëçãÉ=Å~ëÉë=íÜÉ=Ççïåäç~ÇáåÖ=
çÑ=Ñçêãë=áë=~äëç=éçëëáÄäÉK=eçïÉîÉêI=ÉîÉå=áÑ=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí=áë=~=ÖççÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=áí=ÇçÉë=
åçí=åÉÅÉëë~êáäó=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~åÇ=êÉä~íÉÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK==

få=çêÇÉê=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Å~å=Å~êêó=çìí=
íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=J=çåäáåÉ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå=JI=
áKÉK= Äó= ëìÄãáííáåÖ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= íÜÉ= fåíÉêåÉí= çê= Äó= ëÉåÇáåÖ= áí= îá~= ÉJã~áä= íç= íÜÉ= êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK= eÉåÅÉI=
ëìÅÜ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=ïçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=é~éÉê=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=ìååÉÅÉëë~êó=~åÇ=ÅçìäÇ=ë~îÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=íáãÉK==

eçïÉîÉêI=~ë=ëÜçïå=áå=cáÖìêÉ=RKNI=áå=bìêçéÉJNV=ÅìêêÉåíäó=çåäó=~=ëã~ää=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=
Å~êêáÉÇ= çìí= çåäáåÉK= cáÖìêÉ= RKN= ëÜçïë= íÜÉ= íçí~ä= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= çÄäáÖ~íçêó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ëíÉéë= íÜ~í= Ü~îÉ= íç= ÄÉ= ÖçåÉ=
íÜêçìÖÜ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=~åÇ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~êÉ=êÉÅêìáíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=fí=ÑìêíÜÉê=áåÇáÅ~íÉë=
Üçï=ã~åó=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=Äó=ã~âáåÖ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçåK=
=

TT= få=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=råáçå=áí=áë=íÜÉ=_ìëáåÉëë=båîáêçåãÉåí=páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=q~ëâ=cçêÅÉ=E_bpqF=íÜ~í=áë=ÅÜ~êÖÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ëáãéäáÑóáåÖ=~åÇ=ÅçåîÉêÖáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=Ñçê=
ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=áå=bìêçéÉK=
TU= oÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=fãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=^Åíáçå=mä~å=íç=éêçãçíÉ=båíêÉéêÉåÉìêëÜáé=~åÇ=`çãéÉíáíáîÉåÉëëI=pb`=EOMMMF=NUORI=OMMMK=
TV== gçáåí=bãéäçóãÉåí=oÉéçêíI=`lj=EOMMMF=RRNI=OMMMK=

PR=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

cáÖìêÉ=RKNW= kìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=îá~=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=
áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëI=Äó=ÅçìåíêóI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë TLQ

_ÉäÖáìã SLP

iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=SLO

cê~åÅÉ QLQ

iìñÉãÄçìêÖ QLP

pé~áå=QLP

aÉåã~êâ=QLN

fí~äó PLP

cáåä~åÇ=PLO

dÉêã~åó PLO

pïáíòÉêä~åÇ PLO

mçêíìÖ~ä=PLN

kçêï~ó OLO

fÅÉä~åÇ OLO

råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã OLO

^ìëíêá~ OLN

fêÉä~åÇ OLN

dêÉÉÅÉ OLN

pïÉÇÉå NLN

M N O P Q R S T
bäÉÅíêçåáÅ Ç~í~ íê~åëãáëëáçåW mçëëáÄäÉ mçëëáÄäÉ=ïáíÜ=ëçãÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåë kçí=éçëëáÄäÉ

qÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Ä~ê=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=Åçìåíêó=áåÇáÅ~íÉë=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=
qÜÉ=ëÉÅçåÇ=Ä~ê=áåÇáÅ~íÉë=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

pçìêÅÉW=^å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=bkpoJé~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK=

få=íÜçëÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=~äêÉ~Çó=çÑÑÉêáåÖ=çééçêíìåáíáÉë=Ñçê=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅJ
ÉëëI=áí=áë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=çÑÑáÅÉë=çê=í~ñ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄáäáíó=çÑ=çåäáåÉ=ÅçãJ
ãìåáÅ~íáçå=Ñçê=ÑáêãëK=

^ìëíêá~=áë=íÜÉ=ãçëí=~Çî~åÅÉÇ=Åçìåíêó=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=íÜÉ=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅJ
Éëë=áë=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK=fåÇÉÉÇI=^ìëíêá~å=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~êÉ=~Åíì~ääó=çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=Å~êêó=çìí=íÜÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=êÉÖáëíê~íáçåë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=
pçÅá~ä=áåëìê~åÅÉ=çÑÑáÅÉ=çåäáåÉ=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí=çê=Äó=ÉJã~áä=çê=Ñ~ñK=qÜáë=çÄäáÖ~íáçå=áë=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ëáåÅÉ=gìäó=NVVT=~åÇ=áí=
~ééäáÉë=íç=~ää=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~ë=äçåÖ=~ë=íÜÉó=~êÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=Çç=ëçI=áKÉK=ÇÉéÉåÇáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=Ü~îáåÖ=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=
Ü~êÇï~êÉK=

pçãÉ=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=dêÉÉÅÉI=iìñÉãÄçìêÖI=é~êíäó=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=~åÇ=kçêï~ó=Çç=åçí=çÑÑÉê=çééçêíìåáJ
íáÉë=Ñçê=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áíëÉäÑK=kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI=éÉêáçÇáÅ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåë=çê=åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåë=
UM
çÑ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ëí~íìë=çÑ=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=íê~åëãáííÉÇ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ~ääóK =få=íÜáë=ÅçåíÉñí=áí=áë=~äëç=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=íç=
éçáåí= çìí= íÜ~í= mçêíìÖ~ä= áåíêçÇìÅÉë= ~å= çÄäáÖ~íáçå= Ñçê= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íç= ëÉåÇ= íÜÉáê= EéÉêáçÇáÅF= ïçêâÉêëD= êÉãìåÉê~íáçå=
ëÜÉÉíë= íç= íÜÉ= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= çÑÑáÅÉë= Äó= ÇáÖáí~ä= çê= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ= ãÉ~åëK= páåÅÉ= gìåÉ= OMMNI= íÜáë= Çìíó= ~ééäáÉë= íç= ÉåíÉêJ
éêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=NMM=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=få=^éêáä=OMMOI=áí=ï~ë=ÉñíÉåÇÉÇ=íç=~ää=Ñáêãë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=OM=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
~åÇ=Ñêçã=gìäó=OMMO=~äëç=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=íÉå=íç=OM=ïçêâÉêë=~êÉ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇK=

bîÉåíì~ääóI=çíÜÉê=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=_ÉäÖáìãI=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáåI=pïÉÇÉå=~åÇ=pïáíòÉêä~åÇ=~êÉ=ëíáää=áå=íÜÉ=éä~ååáåÖ=ëí~ÖÉë=
Ñçê=Éëí~ÄäáëÜáåÖ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK=cçê=áåëí~åÅÉI=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉñí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãçÇÉêåáë~J
íáçå=çÑ=áíë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉãI=_ÉäÖáìã=éä~åë=íÜÉ=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=~å=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=ëóëíÉã=íÜ~í=ëÜçìäÇ=

UM== qÜÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ÑçÅìëÉë= çå= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= ÇáêÉÅíäó= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= áíëÉäÑI= íÜìëI= ÉñÅäìÇáåÖ= éÉêáçÇáÅ= ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåëK=
eçïÉîÉêI=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëI=íÜáë=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ï~ë=ã~ÇÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=éçáåí=íç=çíÜÉê=Eáåáíá~äF=ÉÑÑçêíë=
ÄÉáåÖ=ã~ÇÉ=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçåK=

PS=
 `Ü~éíÉê=R=J=dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=

äÉ~Ç= íç= ~= Ñìää= êÉãçî~ä= çÑ= ~ää= é~éÉê= ÇçÅìãÉåíëK= qÜÉ= ~áã= áë= íç= ëáãéäáÑó= íÜÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= Ñçêã~äáíáÉëI= êÉÇìÅÉ= íÜÉ=
åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=~åÇ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=íÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=~ää=ëçÅá~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áåíç=çåÉ=Ç~í~Ä~ëÉI=ïÜáÅÜ=ïáää=
íÜÉå=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=~ää=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=ÄÉäçåÖáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉãK=

táíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áí=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÉäÉÅJ
íêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=ïáíÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=áë=åçí=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=ïáÇÉëéêÉ~Ç=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJ
NV= EëÉÉ= cáÖìêÉ= RKNFK= qÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= áí= áë= åçí= ëìêéêáëáåÖ= íÜ~í= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= Ü~ë= åçí= ê~áëÉÇ= ãìÅÜ= ~ííÉåíáçå=
~ãçåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜ~í=~äãçëí=Ñçìê=çìí=çÑ=ÑáîÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=ETV=BF=
Çç=åçí=âåçï=~åóíÜáåÖ=çê=Çç=åçí=âåçï=ÇÉí~áäë=~Äçìí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=~åÇ=íç=ëéÉÉÇ=ìé=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅJ
Éëë=Äó=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=~ë=~=ãÉ~åë=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=íÜÉã=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=_ìí=áí=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=ÅçåJ
UN
ÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ÇÉÑáÅáí=áå=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=éêçîáëáçå=áå=ÖÉåÉê~äK =få=pïÉÇÉå=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=íÜÉêÉ=ëÉÉãë=
íç=ÄÉ=åç=åÉÉÇ=~í=~ää=íç=áãéäÉãÉåí=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉJ
ÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~êÉ=îÉêó=ëáãéäÉ=çêÖ~åáëÉÇ=ëç=íÜ~í=åç=ÜÉäé=~åÇ=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=éêçîáÇÉÇ=Ñçê=ÑáêãëK=

få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=ÉJÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ã~ó=Ñ~Åáäáí~íÉ=íÜÉ=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=ÅÉêí~áå=áåÑçêã~íáçåI=Äìí=áí=ïçìäÇ=~äëç=ÄÉ=ëÉåëáÄäÉ=íç=ëáãJ
éäáÑó=íÜÉ=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=éìí=çåäáåÉ=~åÇ=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=~åÇ=ëáãéäáÑó=íÜÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=íç=êÉ~ääó=êÉÇìÅÉ=
íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Ñçê=pjbë=áå=éê~ÅíáÅÉK=

RKOK= qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=
^åçíÜÉê=éçëëáÄáäáíó=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=áë=íç=áåíêçÇìÅÉ=
íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=áå=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉI=ÅÉêí~áå=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=çåäó=~ééäó=áÑ=~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ÉñÅÉÉÇë=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=íÜêÉëÜJ
çäÇK= pã~ääÉê= ëáòÉÇ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ~êÉ= íÜÉå= ÉñÉãéíÉÇ= Ñêçã= ÅÉêí~áå= äÉÖ~ä= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= ~ë= äçåÖ= ~ë= íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= íÜÉáê=
ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ëí~óë=ÄÉäçï=íÜÉ=ÇÉÑáåÉÇ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇK=

`çìåíêáÉë= ~ééäóáåÖ= íÜêÉëÜçäÇë= ~ë= ~= ãÉ~åë= íç= ÉñÉãéí= ëã~ää= ~åÇ= ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= Ñêçã= ÅÉêí~áå= êÉÖìä~J
íáçåëI=ãçëí=çÑíÉå=Çç=ëç=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ïçêâÉê=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçå=Eïçêâë=ÅçìåÅáäëFI=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíóI=Çáëãáëë~ä=éêçíÉÅJ
íáçå=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáë~Äáäáíó=ä~ïK=q~ÄäÉ=RKN=éêçîáÇÉë=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=áå=
íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=fí=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=~êÉ=åçí=Éèì~ääó=ÇáëíêáÄìíÉÇ=~Åêçëë=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=RKNW= qÜêÉëÜçäÇë=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=äÉÖáëä~íáçåI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
`çìåíêó= tçêâÉê=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçå= eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= aáëãáëë~ä=éêçíÉÅíáçå= aáë~Äáäáíó=ä~ï=
^ìëíêá~= u= u= J= u=
_ÉäÖáìã= u= J= J= J=
aÉåã~êâ= J= u= J= J=
cáåä~åÇ= u= u= J= J=
cê~åÅÉ= u= u= u= u=
dÉêã~åó= u= u= u= u=
dêÉÉÅÉ= J= J= u= J=
fêÉä~åÇ= J= J= J= J=
fí~äó= u= J= J= u=
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= u= J= u= J=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= J= J= J= J=
mçêíìÖ~ä= J= J= u= J=
pé~áå= u= u= J= u=
pïÉÇÉå= J= u= u= J=
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã= u= u= u= u=
fÅÉä~åÇ= J= u= u= J=
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå= J= J= J= J=
kçêï~ó= J= J= J= J=
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ= J= J= J= J=
pçìêÅÉW=^å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=bkpoJé~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK=

UN== få=dÉêã~åóI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=íÜÉ=êÉÖáëíÉêáåÖ=çÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ïáíÜ= íÜÉ=íê~ÇÉ=~ëëçÅá~íáçåë=Å~å=ÄÉ=É~ëáäó=ã~ÇÉ=Äó= ÉJã~áäI=Ñ~ñI=íÉäÉéÜçåÉ=çê=Äó=êÉÖìä~ê=éçëíK=^äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=

ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑÑáÅÉ=áëëìáåÖ=íÜÉ=Åçãé~åó=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=åìãÄÉê=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=çåäáåÉI=çåäó=~=ëÜçêí=íÉäÉéÜçåÉ=Å~ää=áë=êÉèìáêÉÇ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=

PT
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

bãéäçóãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= áå= ÅçìåíêáÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ^ìëíêá~I= dÉêã~åóI= cê~åÅÉ= ~åÇ= pé~áå= áë= ã~êâÉÇ= Äó= ~= ÜáÖÜ=
éêÉî~äÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉëK=få=dÉêã~åóI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=NMM=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉë=Ñçê=
UO
pjbë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ä~Äçìê=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK =

få= dÉêã~åóI= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= íÜ~í= ïáíÜ= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ëáòÉI= Ñáêãë= Åä~áã= íç= ÄÉ=ÄìêÇÉåÉÇ= ãìÅÜ= ãçêÉ=Äó=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ã~ííÉêë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=ïÜÉêÉ~ë= ãáÅêç= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= ìé= íç=íÉå= ÉãJ
UP
éäçóÉÉë=~êÉ=äÉëë=ÄìêÇÉåÉÇK =táíÜ=ÖêçïáåÖ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉ=ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇë=~êÉ=ÉñÅÉÉÇÉÇI=íÜìëI=áåÇìÅáåÖ=
~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=çå=íÜÉ=ÑáêãëK==

pÉÉå=Ñêçã=~å=ÜáëíçêáÅ~ä=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉI=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=~êÉ=~äãçëí=~äï~óë=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=çÑ=éçäáíáÅ~ä=ÅçãéêçãáëÉK=qÜÉêÉ=
ÇçÉë=åçí=ëÉÉã=íç=ÄÉ=~å=ÉÑÑáÅáÉåÅóJÇêáîÉå=ï~ó=çÑ=ÇÉíÉêãáåáåÖ=íÜÉ=Éñ~Åí=î~äìÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇëK=qÜáë=áë=
~äëç=êÉÑäÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=~ééäáÉÇ=Äó=bìêçéÉ~å=ÅçìåíêáÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåK=aáëJ
~Äáäáíó= ä~ïëI= Ñçê= áåëí~åÅÉI= ÑçêÉëÉÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= èìçí~= ëóëíÉãë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= çÑ= Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ= éÉçéäÉK= ^ìëíêá~å=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=Ü~îÉ=íç=Éãéäçó=~í=äÉ~ëí=QB=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉêëçåëK=få=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=åçåJÅçãéäá~åÅÉI=Ñáêãë=~êÉ=
çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=é~ó=~=ãçåíÜäó=ÑÉÉ=çÑ=~ééêçñáã~íÉäó=NRM=bìêç=éÉê=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉêëçå=íÜ~í=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=íç=
ÄÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÇK=

jÉ~åïÜáäÉI=íÜÉ=êÉîáëÉÇ=dÉêã~å=Çáë~Äáäáíó=ä~ï=êÉèìáêÉë=ÉãéäçóÉêë=íç=Éãéäçó=~í=äÉ~ëí=R=B=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ëí~ÑÑ=ïáíÜ=Ü~åÇáJ
Å~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉI=áãéäóáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=Äó=OM=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=SIP=B=çÑ=~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=dÉêã~åó=Ü~îÉ=íç=Åçãéäó=
UQ
ïáíÜ=íÜáë=êÉÖìä~íáçåK =få=Å~ëÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Çç=åçí=ãÉÉí=íÜÉëÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåëI=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=íç=é~ó=~=ãçåíÜäó=ÑÉÉI=ïÜáÅÜ=
UR
î~êáÉë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=Ñ~áä=íç=ÑìäÑáä=íÜÉáê=çÄäáÖ~íáçåëK =cêÉåÅÜ=Çáë~Äáäáíó=ä~ï=~äëç=éêÉëÅêáÄÉë=ÉãéäçóÉêë=
íç=êÉÅêìáí=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉêëçå=áÑ=íÜÉ=Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåí=Éãéäçóë=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=OM=ïçêâÉêëK=qÜÉ=pé~åáëÜ=ÇáëJ
~Äáäáíó=ä~ïI=Äó=Åçåíê~ëíI=Ü~ë=ëÉí=~=ãìÅÜ=ÜáÖÜÉê=íÜêÉëÜçäÇI=êÉèìáêáåÖ=çåäó=íÜçëÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=RM=ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉë= íç= í~âÉ= çå= ~í= äÉ~ëí= çåÉ= Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ= éÉêëçåK= cáå~ääóI= fí~äó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= råáíÉÇ= háåÖÇçã= ÉñÉãéí= ÉãéäçóÉêë=
ïáíÜ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NR=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçå=íç=Éãéäçó=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=

RKOKNK= fãé~Åí=çÑ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇë=çå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçå=
pÉÉå= Ñêçã= ~= Çóå~ãáÅ= éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉI= íÜêÉëÜçäÇ= äÉîÉäë= ãáÖÜí= ~Åí= ~ë= ~= Ä~êêáÉê= Ñçê= ÖêçïíÜK= pjbë= íÜ~í= ÉñÅÉÉÇ= íÜÉëÉ=
íÜêÉëÜçäÇë= ~êÉ= ëìÇÇÉåäó= ÅçåÑêçåíÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë=
áãéçëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉãK=pçI=íÜÉ=èìÉëíáçå=áë=áÑ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇë=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçå=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ï~ó=
íÜ~í=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=êÉÅçåëáÇÉê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=åÉï=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëí~ó=ÄÉäçï=íÜÉ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉä=~åÇLçê=áÑ=
íÜÉó=êÉëçêí=íç=~äíÉêå~íáîÉ=ëíê~íÉÖáÉëK=

bãéáêáÅ~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜáë=áëëìÉ=áë=ê~íÜÉê=äáãáíÉÇ=áå=bìêçéÉJNVK=eçïÉîÉêI=~=ëíìÇó=éÉêÑçêãÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=råáíÉÇ=háåÖJ
Ççã=ëÜçïë=äáííäÉ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=~Åí=~ë=~=Ä~êêáÉê=Ñçê=ÖêçïíÜI=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÉñÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=s^qJ
US
íìêåçîÉêJíÜêÉëÜçäÇ=ïÜÉêÉ=Ñáêãë=ãáÖÜí=éêÉÑÉê=Å~ëÜ=é~óãÉåíë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=íÜÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=çÑ=êÉÖáëíê~íáçåK =

_ÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãìäíáíìÇÉ= çÑ= íÜêÉëÜçäÇ= äÉîÉäë= áå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= äÉÖáëä~íáçåI= áå= dÉêã~åó= ëçãÉ= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= Ü~ë=
ÄÉÉå= éÉêÑçêãÉÇ= çå= íÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= íÜêÉëÜçäÇë= çå= ÑáêãëD= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= ÇÉÅáëáçåëK=^å=~å~äóëáë= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=~åÇ= ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=Ç~í~=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëí~íáëíáÅë=ÇçÉë=åçí=ëÜçï=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=Ü~îÉ=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=
UT
áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Çóå~ãáÅëI=áKÉK=çå=íÜÉ=ëáòÉJÇáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK =^åçíÜÉê=ëíìÇó=ä~áÇ=áíë=ÑçÅìë=çå=
íÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= íÜêÉëÜçäÇë= áå= aáëãáëë~ä= mêçíÉÅíáçå= ä~ï= çå= íÜÉ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÄÉÜ~îáçìê= çÑ= ëã~ää= ÑáêãëK= låÅÉ= ~Ö~áå=
UU
íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=íÜêÉëÜçäÇë=Ü~îÉ=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=áãé~Åí=çå=ëã~ää=ÑáêãëD=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåëK =

UO== cêáÉÇêáÅÜI=tKI=~åÇ=eK=e®ÖÉäÉI=£âçåçãáëÅÜÉ=hçåëÉèìÉåòÉå=îçå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉå=áã=^êÄÉáíëJ=ìåÇ=pçòá~äêÉÅÜí=ëçïáÉ=ÇáÉ=^ìëïáêâìåÖÉå=ÇáÉëÉê=oÉÖÉäìåÖÉå=J=båÇÄÉêáÅÜí=
NVVT=JK=råíÉêëìÅÜìåÖ=áã=^ìÑíê~Ö=ÇÉë=_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=EbÅçåçãáÅ=`çåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=s~äìÉë=áå=íÜÉ=i~Äçìê=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=iÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
fãé~Åí=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=oìäÉë=J=cáå~ä=oÉéçêí=NVVT=JK=píìÇó=çå=_ÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅëFI=`çäçÖåÉI=NVVTK=
UP== cêáÉÇêáÅÜI=tKI=~åÇ=eK=e®ÖÉäÉI=£âçåçãáëÅÜÉ=hçåëÉèìÉåòÉå=îçå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉå=áã=^êÄÉáíëJ=ìåÇ=pçòá~äêÉÅÜí=ëçïáÉ=ÇáÉ=^ìëïáêâìåÖÉå=ÇáÉëÉê=oÉÖÉäìåÖÉå=J=båÇÄÉêáÅÜí=
NVVT=JK=råíÉêëìÅÜìåÖ=áã=^ìÑíê~Ö=ÇÉë=_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=EbÅçåçãáÅ=`çåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=s~äìÉë=áå=íÜÉ=i~Äçìê=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=iÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
fãé~Åí=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=oìäÉë=J=cáå~ä=oÉéçêí=NVVT=JK=píìÇó=çå=_ÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅëFI=`çäçÖåÉI=NVVTI=éK=NOSJNPMK=
UQ= qÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=êÉÖìä~íáçå=J=î~äáÇ=ìåíáä=aÉÅÉãÄÉê=OMMM=J=ÑçêÉë~ï=~=èìçí~=çÑ=S=B=~åÇ=~=ÅçêêÉëéçåÇáåÖ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=çÑ=NS=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=bãéäçóÉêë=åçí=ÑìäÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉëÉ=èìçí~ë=
Ü~Ç=íç=é~ó=~=ÑáñÉÇ=ãçåíÜäó=ÅçãéÉåë~íáçå=çÑ=~ééêçñK=NMM=bìêç=Ñçê=ÉîÉêó=EêÉèìáêÉÇF=î~Å~åÅó=åçí=çÅÅìéáÉÇ=Äó=~=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉêëçåK=
UR== cçê=áåëí~åÅÉI=~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ïáíÜ=SM=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áë=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=Éãéäçó=~í=äÉ~ëí=íÜêÉÉ=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=få=Å~ëÉ=áí=ÇçÉë=åçí=Éãéäçó=~åó=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉêëçåë=
~í=~ääI=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=íÜÉå=Ü~ë=íç=é~ó=~=íçí~ä=éÉå~äíó=çÑ=~ééêçñK=TRM=bìêç=EáåëíÉ~Ç=çÑ=PMM=bìêç=ìåÇÉê=íÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=äÉÖáëä~íáçåFK=fÑ=áí=~Åíì~ääó=Éãéäçóë=çåÉ=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=
éÉêëçåI=íÜÉ=éÉå~äíó=áë=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=íç=RMM=bìêçK=J=_ó=íÜáëI=íÜÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=~áãë=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=RM=MMM=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=àçÄë=Ñçê=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=fÑ=íÜáë=Öç~ä=áë=åçí=êÉ~ÅÜÉÇ=Äó=
lÅíçÄÉê=OMMOI=íÜÉ=èìçí~=ïáää=ÄÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=íç=S=B=çåÅÉ=~Ö~áåK=
US== _ÉííÉê=oÉÖìä~íáçå=q~ëâ=cçêÅÉI=eÉäéáåÖ=pã~ää=cáêãë=`çéÉ=ïáíÜ=oÉÖìä~íáçå=J=bñÉãéíáçåë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=^ééêç~ÅÜÉëI=içåÇçåI=OMMMK=
UT= cêáÉÇêáÅÜI=tKI=~åÇ=eK=e®ÖÉäÉI=£âçåçãáëÅÜÉ=hçåëÉèìÉåòÉå=îçå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉå=áã=^êÄÉáíëJ=ìåÇ=pçòá~äêÉÅÜí=ëçïáÉ=ÇáÉ=^ìëïáêâìåÖÉå=ÇáÉëÉê=oÉÖÉäìåÖÉå=J=båÇÄÉêáÅÜí=
NVVT=JK=råíÉêëìÅÜìåÖ=áã=^ìÑíê~Ö=ÇÉë=_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=EbÅçåçãáÅ=`çåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=s~äìÉë=áå=íÜÉ=i~Äçìê=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=iÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=
fãé~Åí=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=oìäÉë=J=cáå~ä=oÉéçêí=NVVT=JK=píìÇó=çå=_ÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅëFI=`çäçÖåÉI=NVVTI=éK=NRJNVK=J=qÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=ÅçåÑáêãÉÇ=Äó=~åçíÜÉê=
ëíìÇó=Äó=t~ÖåÉêI=gKI=`K=pÅÜå~ÄÉä=~åÇ=^K=hÕääáåÖI=táêâÉå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉ=áã=ÇÉìíëÅÜÉå=^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí=~äë=_êÉãëÉ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=^êÄÉáíëéä~íòÄÉëÅÜ~ÑÑìåÖ=áå=häÉáåÄÉíêáÉÄÉå\=Eaç=
íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉë=áå=íÜÉ=dÉêã~å=ä~Äçìê=ä~ï=~Åí=~ë=~=ÄêÉ~â=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=áå=ëã~ää=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë\FI=áåW=råáîÉêëáí®í=iÏåÉÄìêÖ=EÉÇKFW=^êÄÉáíëÄÉêáÅÜí=kçK=OQMI=iÏåÉJ
ÄìêÖI=OMMNI=éK=TJUK=
UU== t~ÖåÉêI=gKI=`K=pÅÜå~ÄÉä=~åÇ=^K=hÕääáåÖI=táêâÉå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉ=áã=ÇÉìíëÅÜÉå=^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí=~äë=_êÉãëÉ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=^êÄÉáíëéä~íòÄÉëÅÜ~ÑÑìåÖ=áå=häÉáåÄÉíêáÉÄÉå\=Eaç=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=
î~äìÉë= áå= íÜÉ= dÉêã~å= ä~Äçìê= ä~ï= ~Åí= ~ë= ~= ÄêÉ~â= çå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÅêÉ~íáçå= áå= ëã~ää= ÄìëáåÉëëÉë\FI= áåW= råáîÉêëáí®í= iÏåÉÄìêÖ= EÉÇKFW= ^êÄÉáíëÄÉêáÅÜí= kçK= OQMI= iÏåÉÄìêÖI=
OMMNK=

PU=
 `Ü~éíÉê=R=J=dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=

fí=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=Å~å=êÉäáÉîÉ=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=Å~å=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ÄÉ=
~=ÖççÇ=áåëíêìãÉåíK=tÜ~í=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=áë=íç=ÑáåÇ=~=ÖççÇ=Ä~ä~åÅÉI=áKÉK=~å=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=
íÜêÉëÜçäÇ= äÉîÉäë= ëìÑÑáÅáÉåí= íç= êÉäáÉîÉ= pjbë= Ñêçã= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= íÜ~í=
ÇçÉë=åçí=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÅçåÑìëáçåK=

RKPK= dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=
qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ï~óë=íç=ëìééçêí=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=låÉ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íç=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áíëÉäÑ=~åÇ=íç=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=~åÇ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=pìÅÜ=~å=~éJ
éêç~ÅÜ= ÅçìäÇ= í~âÉ= áåíç= ~ÅÅçìåí= íÜ~í= ~= Ñáêëí= íáãÉ= ÉãéäçóÉê= áë= åçí= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=
êÉäÉî~åí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=ëéÉÅá~ä=ëìééçêí=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÖáîÉå=íç=ÜáãK=

q~ÄäÉ=RKO=éêçîáÇÉë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëK=qÜÉ=
áåíÉåíáçå=áë=åçí=íç=~ëëÉëë=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=Äìí=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ï~óë=
íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ëìééçêíÉÇK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=RKOW= fåáíá~íáîÉë=Äó=Åçìåíêó=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=
`çìåíêó= péÉÅáÑáÅ=áåáíá~íáîÉëL= fåáíá~íáîÉëLêÉäáÉÑ=ïÜÉå= páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåL== ^î~áä~Äáäáíó=çÑ== ^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çê=
êÉäáÉÑ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíJ êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ëìÄëÉJ ÇÉêÉÖìä~íáçå=çÑ== ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉëL= éä~ååáåÖ=çÑ==
áåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí== èìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëN= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë== çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ==
ÉãéäçóÉÉN= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=
^ìëíêá~= = = u= u= u=
_ÉäÖáìã= u= u= u= u= u=
aÉåã~êâ= = = u= u= u=
cáåä~åÇ= = = u= u= u=
cê~åÅÉ= u= u= uO= u= u=
dÉêã~åó= = = u= u= u=
dêÉÉÅÉ= = u= u= u= u=
fÅÉä~åÇ= = = = = u=
fêÉä~åÇ= = = = u= u=
fí~äó= = u= u= u= =
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå= = = = u= u=
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= = = u= u= uP =
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= = = u Q= u= u=
kçêï~ó= = = = u= =
mçêíìÖ~ä= = u= u= u= u=
pé~áå= = = u= u= u=
pïÉÇÉå= = = u= u= u=
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ= = = u= u= u=
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã= = = u= u= u=
N= fêêÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=çÑ=ëìééçêí=Ñçê=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ëçÅá~ä=Öêçìéë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=EäçåÖJíÉêãF=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇ=çê=Çáë~ÄäÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=
O= _ìáäÇáåÖ=ëÉÅíçê=~åÇ=ÜçëíÉäLJêÉëí~ìê~åí=ëÉÅíçêK=
P= bJÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ïáää=ÄÉ=áãéäÉãÉåíÉÇ=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=åÉñí=íïç=óÉ~êëK=cçê=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ãçåíÜäó=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåëI=Ñçêãë=Å~å=~äêÉ~Çó=ÄÉ=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÑáäÉëK=
Q= cêçã= íÜÉ= Nëí= çÑ= g~åì~êó= OMMO= çåï~êÇëI= ~ää= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= båÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ^ÖÉåÅáÉë= ~êÉ= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= áåíç= ~= ëáåÖäÉ= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåI= íÜÉ= ÚbãéäçóÉÉ= fåëìê~åÅÉ= båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=
^ÖÉåÅóÛK=

pçìêÅÉW=^å~äóëÉÇ=Äó=fÑj=_çåå=çå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáë=çÑ=bkpoJé~êíåÉê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëK=

qÜÉ= Åçìåíêó= ~å~äóëáë= ïáíÜ= êÉëéÉÅí= íç= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ~ééêç~ÅÜÉë= íç= ëìééçêí= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= ëÜçïë=
ëáãáä~êáíáÉë=~ãçåÖ=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=qÜÉ=ãçëí=~ééäáÉÇ=~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=~êÉ=íÜÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=ÇÉêÉÖìä~íáçå=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~J
íáçåëI=íÜÉ=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ëìééçêí=~åÇ=ëìééçêíáåÖ=áåëíáíìíáçåë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çê=éä~ååáåÖ=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=
ÖçîÉêåãÉåíK= ^ååÉñ=fff= ÖáîÉë=ÇÉí~áäë=çÑ= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= ~åÇ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíë= ëáåÅÉ= NVVTK= táíÜ= êÉëéÉÅí= íç= íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=çÑ=
ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÜÉäé=Ñçê=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=íÜÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=
~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=ÄÉäçïK=

RKPKNK= fåáíá~íáîÉë=çê=êÉäáÉÑ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=
^é~êí=Ñêçã=áåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=áåíÉÖê~íÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ëçÅá~ä=Öêçìéë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=~ééêÉåíáÅÉëI=óçìåÖ=çê=çäÇÉê=éÉçéäÉI=EäçåÖ=
íÉêãF=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇ=~åÇ=Çáë~ÄäÉÇ=éÉçéäÉ=áåíç=íÜÉ=ä~Äçìê=ã~êâÉíI=íÜÉêÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=ëÉÉã=íç=ÄÉ=~=Åçããçå=~ééêç~ÅÜ=

PV
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=íç=~ÇÇêÉëë=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=ÇáêÉÅíäóK=q~ÄäÉ=RKO=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=Ü~êÇäó=
~åó=ëìÅÜ=áåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=bëéÉÅá~ääó=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉI=
ëìééçêí= áë= ãçêÉ= íÜÉ= ÉñÅÉéíáçå= íÜ~å= íÜÉ= êìäÉK= låäó= áå= _ÉäÖáìã= ~åÇ= cê~åÅÉ= áë= íÜÉêÉ= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= íÜ~í= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= Ñáêëí=
íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~êÉ=ëìééçêíÉÇK==

få=_ÉäÖáìãI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=áå=íÜÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëç=Å~ääÉÇ=Úéä~å=éäìë=NÛI=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêëD=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìJ
íáçåë=~êÉ=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=ïÜÉå=pjbë=êÉÅêìáí=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=få=cê~åÅÉI=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íáçå=çÑ=~=Ñáêëí=àçÄ=áå=îÉêó=ëã~ää=Åçãé~J
UV
åáÉë= áë= ëìééçêíÉÇ= ëáåÅÉ= OMMNK = qÜáë= áë= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= íÜ~í= NKO= ãáääáçå= Åçãé~åáÉë= áå= cê~åÅÉ= Ü~îÉ= åç=
ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ïÜáäÉ=~í=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=íáãÉ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=íÜÉ=~ëëìãéíáçå=íÜ~í=RMM=MMM=àçÄë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=áÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
VM
ÄìêÇÉåë=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉÇìÅÉÇK =páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=~åÇ=í~ñ=ã~ííÉêë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=éêçéçëÉÇ=íç=ã~âÉ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíJ
ãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áå=îÉêó=ëã~ää=Åçãé~åáÉë=É~ëáÉêK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=ÉñÉãéíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêÛë=
VN
ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=É~ëÉ=íÜÉ=Åçëí=Ñçê=~=Ñáêã=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áë=êÉÅêìáíÉÇK =

RKPKOK= fåáíá~íáîÉë=çê=êÉäáÉÑ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=
pìééçêí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áë=ãçêÉ=ïáÇÉ=ëéêÉ~Ç=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=ÅçãJ
é~êÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ëìééçêí=Ñçê=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=RKOFK=qÜÉ=ÉñáëíáåÖ=êÉäáÉÑ=áë=ã~áåäó=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÇìÅíáçå=
çê= ÉñÉãéíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëI= íÜÉ= ~î~áä~Äáäáíó= çÑ= Öê~åíë= ~åÇ= í~ñ= áåÅÉåíáîÉëK= få= ~ÇÇáíáçåI= íÜÉ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑ=ëçãÉ=í~êÖÉíJÖêçìéë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=~=ÖêÉ~íÉê=êáëâ=íç=ÖÉí=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇ=áë=éêçãçíÉÇK==

få= mçêíìÖ~äI= _ÉäÖáìãI= cáåä~åÇ= ~åÇ= cê~åÅÉI= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ~êÉ= é~êíäó= êÉäáÉîÉÇ= Ñêçã= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= é~óJ
ãÉåíë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëìééçêí=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=få=_ÉäÖáìã=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÜÉ=ëç=Å~ääÉÇ=Úéä~å=éäìë=OÛ=~åÇ=Úéä~å=éäìë=PÛI=íÜÉ=ëìÑJ
ÑáñÉë=ë~óáåÖ=íÜ~í=~=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉêÛë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=áë=Öê~åíÉÇ=ïÜÉå=~å=ÉãéäçóÉê=êÉÅêìáíë=íÜÉ=
ëÉÅçåÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=íÜáêÇ=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=

få= mçêíìÖ~ä= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ~= êÉÇìÅíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë= Ñçê= ëã~ää=~åÇ= ãÉÇáìãJëáòÉÇ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íÜ~í=
VO
Ü~îÉ=Ö~áåÉÇ=~ï~êÇë=áå=íÜÉ=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=p~ÑÉ=gçÄ=mêçÖê~ããÉK =cáêãë=~ï~êÇÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=Úqçí~ä=p~ÑÉíóÛ=éêáòÉ=
ÄÉåÉÑáí=Ñêçã=~=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=RM=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=çÑ=áíë=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ïáíÜ=éÉêã~åÉåí=Åçåíê~ÅíëK=
båíÉêéêáëÉë=~ï~êÇÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÚpÉÅíçê~ä=p~ÑÉíóÛ=éêáòÉ=ÄÉåÉÑáí=Ñêçã=~=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=OM=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáJ
VP
Äìíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=~=éÉêã~åÉåí=Åçåíê~ÅíK ==
VQ
få=cáåä~åÇ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=êÉäáÉÑ=áå=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=é~óãÉåíë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëìééçêí=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áå=ä~ÄçìêJáåíÉåëáîÉ=ÑáêãëK =
cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëìééçêí=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áå=ëã~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêëÛ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ìåÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=áå=éêáåÅáéäÉ=áë=PKN=B=áë=çåäó=MKU=B=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=UQM=VPV=bìêç=é~áÇ=ë~ä~êáÉëK=

få=cê~åÅÉ=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáíÜ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=RM=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=êìê~ä=êÉîáí~äáë~íáçå=òçåÉë=çê=áå=ìêÄ~å=êÉîáí~äáë~íáçå=òçåÉë=
íÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=ÉñÉãéíáçå=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêÛë=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=ëìÄëÅêáéíáçåK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=ÄÉ=Öê~åíÉÇ=íÜáë=ÉñÉãéíáçå=~å=
ÉãéäçóÉê=áë=çÄäáÖÉÇ=åçí=íç=Ü~îÉ=ÇáëãáëëÉÇ=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=é~ëí=íïÉäîÉ=ãçåíÜë=Ñçê=~åó=êÉ~ëçåK=bãéäçóÉÉë=
VR
ãìëí=Ü~îÉ=~=Åçåíê~Åí=Ñçê=íïÉäîÉ=ãçåíÜë=çê=ãçêÉ=~åÇ=ãìëí=ÄÉ=ëìÄàÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ìåÉãéäçóãÉåí=áåëìê~åÅÉ=êÉÖáãÉK =

få=dêÉÉÅÉ=~åÇ=mçêíìÖ~ä=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ëã~ää=áåîÉëíãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=çå=~=äçÅ~ä=äÉîÉä=íÜ~í=~êÉ=ëìééçêíÉÇ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉëÉ=ÉåíáJ
íáÉë=êÉÅêìáí=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=få=mçêíìÖ~äI=íÜÉó=Å~å=ÖÉí=~=åçåJêÉáãÄìêë~ÄäÉ=Öê~åíI=~ãçìåíáåÖ=íç=NU=íáãÉë=íÜÉ=ãáåáãìã=
VS
ï~ÖÉ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=àçÄ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=áÑ=íÜÉó=ÑìäÑáä=íÜÉ=éêÉÅçåÇáíáçåëK =få=dêÉÉÅÉ=Öê~åíë=~êÉ=ÖáîÉå=Ñçê=åÉï=áåîÉëíãÉåíë=ÇÉJ
éÉåÇáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=åÉï=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÇK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=ÖÉí=~=Öê~åí=Ñçê=~=åÉï=áåîÉëíãÉåí=~=Ñáêã=
Ü~ë=íç=Éãéäçó=~í=äÉ~ëí=íïÉåíó=åÉï=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

få=ÖÉåÉê~ä=áí=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=çÑ=~=ëáãéäáÑáÉÇ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãJ
éçêí~åí=ÜÉäé=Ñçê=~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=~åÇ=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Ñçê=pjbë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÑçëíÉê=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=pçI=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=
~ééêç~ÅÜ=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=ëç=íÜ~í=áí=áë=É~ëJ

UV== `çããáëëáçå=éçìê=äÉë=páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåë=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉë=E`lp^FI=páãéäáÑó=íç=ìåÇÉêí~âÉ=J=R=~ñÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåë=Ñçê=Åçãé~åáÉë=~åÇ=éêçÑÉëëáçå~äëI=jÉÉíáåÖ=
çÑ=íÜÉ=`çããáëëáçå=áå=ÅÜ~êÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåëI=OMMNLMQLNTK=
VM== _çÅâÉäI=gKJjKI=o~ééçêí= ëìê=ä~= ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=ÇÉ=ä~=Åê¨~íáçå=ÇÛÉåíêÉéêáëÉI=ÇÉ=ä~= îáÉ=ÇÉë=Åê¨~íÉìêëI=Éí=ÇÉ=ä~=ÖÉëíáçå=ÇÉ=äÉìêë=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=EoÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=
Åçãé~åó=ÅêÉ~íáçåI=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íçêëÛ=äáÑÉI=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=Åçãé~åáÉëÛ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíFI=oÉéçêí=íç=íÜÉ=mêáãÉ=jáåáëíÉêI=iáçåÉä=gçëéáåI=OMMNK=
VN= ÜííéWLLïïïK~åéÉKÑêLÉãéäçóÉìêL~áÇÉLÉãéä|~áÇÉ|Në~ä~êáÉKàëéK=
VO== qÜáë= mêçÖê~ããÉ= ~áãë= íç= êÉÅçÖåáëÉ= ÖççÇ= éê~ÅíáëÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ÑáÉäÇ= çÑ= ë~ÑÉíóI= ÜóÖáÉåÉ= ~åÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâ= éä~ÅÉ= ~åÇ= Åçåëáëíë= çÑ= íïç= âáåÇë= çÑ= êÉï~êÇW= çåÉI= ÉåíáíäÉÇ=
ÚpÉÅíçê~ä=p~ÑÉíóÛI=ïÜáÅÜ=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉë=íÜÉ=ÄÉëí=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖI=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå= ~åÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉëX=íÜÉ=çíÜÉêI=Úqçí~ä=p~ÑÉíóÛI=ïÜáÅÜ=ëÉäÉÅíë=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Ñêçã=
íÜçëÉ=~ï~êÇÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÚpÉÅíçê~ä=p~ÑÉíóÛ=éêáòÉ=íÜ~í=ëÜçï=~=ÅçåíáåìÉÇ=~åÇ=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=ÉÑÑçêí=áå=íÜÉëÉ=ã~ííÉêëK=
VP== qÜáë=êÉÇìÅíáçå=ä~ëíë=Ñçê=íïÉäîÉ=ãçåíÜëK=
VQ== bãéäçóÉêDë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=é~óãÉåíë=~êÉ=ÇáîáÇÉÇ=áåíç=íÜêÉÉ=Å~íÉÖçêáÉëW=fK=aÉéêÉÅá~íáçå=çÑ=ÑáñÉÇ=~ëëÉíë=ëìÄàÉÅí=íç=ïÉ~ê=~åÇ=íÉ~ê=ìåÇÉê=RM=QRS=bìêç=çê=ìåÇÉê=NM=B=çÑ=
ï~ÖÉë=J[=PKS=BX=ffK=aÉéêÉÅá~íáçå=çîÉê=RM=QRS=bìêç=~åÇ=NMJPM=B=çÑ=ï~ÖÉë=J[=RKS=~åÇ=fffK=aÉéêÉÅá~íáçå=çîÉê=RM=QRS=bìêç=~åÇ=çîÉê=PM=B=çÑ=ï~ÖÉë=J[=SKR=BK=
VR== qÜáë=ÉñÉãéíáçå=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=~ÇÇÉÇ=íç=~åçíÜÉê=ÉñÉãéíáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=
VS== ^ãçåÖ=çíÜÉêë=~í=äÉ~ëí=RM=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçãçíÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=óçìåÖ=éÉçéäÉ=äççâáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=Ñáêëí=àçÄ=çê=äçåÖJíÉêã=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇK=qÜÉ=Éåíáíó=ãìëí=Ü~îÉ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=OM=ïçêâJ
Éêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=~ãçìåí=çÑ=áåîÉëíãÉåí=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÉñÅÉÉÇ=PM=ãáääáçå=mqbK=

QM=
 `Ü~éíÉê=R=J=dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåáíá~íáîÉë=

áÉê= Ñçê= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íç= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ= íÜÉ= åçêãë= ~åÇ= íç= ïçêâ= çìí= ïÜ~í= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~ééäó= íç= íÜÉáê= áåÇáîáÇì~ä=
Å~ëÉK==

tÜÉå=íÜáåâáåÖ=çÑ=ëéÉÅá~ä=ëìééçêí=áåáíá~íáîÉëI=áí=ïçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ëÉåëÉ=íç=é~ó=~ííÉåíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅá~ä=ëáíì~íáçå=çÑ=Ñáêëí=
íáãÉ= ÉãéäçóÉêëK= få= íÜáë= êÉëéÉÅí= íÜÉêÉ= áë= êççã= Ñçê= áãéêçîÉãÉåí= áå= íÜÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉë= çÑ= bìêçéÉJNVK= pç= Ñ~ê= çåäó= íïç=
ÅçìåíêáÉë=éêçîáÇÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=áåáíá~íáîÉë=çê=êÉäáÉÑ=Ñçê=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=qÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áë=åçí=ãÉ~åí=íç=éêçJ
éçëÉ=ÅçåÅêÉíÉ=~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=íÜ~í=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=Äìí=áí=Çê~ïë=ëçãÉ=~ííÉåíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅá~ä=Å~ëÉ=
çÑ=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=ÑçëíÉê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áí=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=~=ÖççÇ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=íç=êÉÑäÉÅí=çå=íÜÉ=ÖêçïíÜ=éçJ
íÉåíá~ä=áå=íÜÉëÉ=îÉêó=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=~ë=ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=cêÉåÅÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉK=

RKQK= rëÉ=çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ëìééçêí==
qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbë=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=íçí~ä=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=êÉÅÉáîÉÇ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ëìééçêí=áå=íÜÉ=
êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áë=V=B=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=RKPFK=låÉ=Éñéä~å~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜáë=äçï=ëÜ~êÉ=áë=íÜ~í=ëìééçêí=ÇáêÉÅíäó=~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ=
íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áë=åçí=~=Åçããçå=~ééêç~ÅÜ=áå=ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=

qÜÉ= âáåÇ= çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= ëìééçêí= êÉÅÉáîÉÇI= ã~áåäó= ÅçåÅÉåíê~íÉë= çå= ëìÄëáÇáÉë= EQU= BFI= í~ñ=êÉÇìÅíáçå= EPP= BF= ~åÇ=
ëçãÉ=íê~áåáåÖ=ENO=BFK=qÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=Ñáêãë=~Åíì~ääó=Ü~îáåÖ=êÉÅÉáîÉÇ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ëìééçêí=áåÅêÉ~ëÉë=ïáíÜ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=
VT
ëáòÉK =pçI=áí=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=íÜ~í=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=îÉêó=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=~êÉ=åçí=ïÉää=áåÑçêãÉÇ=~Äçìí=íÜáë=âáåÇ=çÑ=ëìééçêíK=låÉ=Éñéä~J
å~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜáë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=~êÉ=íçç=ãìÅÜ=áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=Ç~ó=íç=Ç~ó=ÄìëáåÉëë=~åÇ=ÑáåÇ=åç=íáãÉ=
íç=ÖÉí=~Åèì~áåíÉÇ=ïáíÜ=éçëëáÄäÉ=ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=Çç=åçí=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉãK=^åçíÜÉê=Éñéä~å~íáçå=
ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=íÜ~í=íÜáë=âáåÇ=çÑ=ëìééçêí=éÉêÜ~éë=áë=åçí=ÅäÉ~ê=ÉåçìÖÜ=çê=åçí=ïÉää=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=RKPW= dçîÉêåãÉåí= ëìééçêí= êÉÅÉáîÉÇ= íç= ÅçéÉ= ïáíÜ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= ïÜÉå= êÉÅêìáíáåÖ= ÉãJ
éäçóÉÉë=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTI=bìêçéÉJNV=
= = kìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
= = M= = N= = OJV= NMJQV RMJOQV qçí~ä
vÉë= P=B T=B NM=B NP=B NS=B V=B
kç= VT=B VP=B VM=B UT=B UQ=B VN=B
qçí~ä= NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B NMM=B
pçìêÅÉW=qÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

bãéáêáÅ~ä=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=áå=cáåä~åÇ=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=ëã~ääÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Çç=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=íç=Öêçï=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~åÇ=
íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= Çç= åçí= åÉÉÇ=~åó= ëìééçêí= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëK= låÉ= íÜáêÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëÉäÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÇ= Çç= åçí= ï~åí= íç=
VU
Öêçï=íÜÉáê=ÄìëáåÉëë=ìåÇÉê=~åó=ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉëK=qÜÉó=éêÉÑÉê=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=~=ãÉ~åáåÖÑìä=àçÄ=Ñçê=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK =

^åçíÜÉê=~ëéÉÅí=ïÜáÅÜ=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=áë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=ÜáãëÉäÑ=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=~ÅíáîÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=áåÑçêã=ÜáãJ
ëÉäÑ=~Äçìí=ïÜ~í=áë=~î~áä~ÄäÉI=ëçI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=éÉêëçåJêÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=éÉêëçå~ä=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáääáåÖåÉëë=íç=
ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=íÜÉëÉ=íÜáåÖëI=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=~å=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íççK=qÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=áí=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=
áåíç=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåI=íÜ~í=~äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉêÉ=ãáÖÜí=ëíáää=ÄÉ=êççã=Ñçê=áãéêçîÉãÉåí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=ëáÇÉI=íÜÉ=ÇÉÅáëáçå=
íç=êÉ~ääó=í~âÉJìé=íÜÉ=éêçîáÇÉÇ=ëìééçêí=Å~ååçí=ÄÉ=Ñìääó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=éêçîáÇÉê=~äçåÉK=qÜÉêÉ=~äëç=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=~å=
~ï~êÉåÉëë= çå= íÜÉ= ëáÇÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê= íç= ÇÉ~ä= ïáíÜ= áíK= pçI= ÉîÉå= áÑ= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= ëìééçêí= ïçìäÇ= ÄÉ= éÉêÑÉÅíäó=
éêçîáÇÉÇ=~åÇ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉÇI=íÜáë=ïçìäÇ=åçí=åÉÅÉëë~êáäó=ÄÉ=~=Öì~ê~åíÉÉ=íÜ~í=ãçêÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïçìäÇ=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=
áíK=

VT= ^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=`ÜáJëèì~êÉ=íÉëí=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëáòÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ëìééçêí=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÅçéÉ=ïáíÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=ïÜÉå=
êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ä~ëí=íÜêÉÉ=óÉ~êë=áë=ëí~íáëíáÅ~ääó=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíK=
VU== j®âáI=hKI=~åÇ=qK=mìââáåÉåI=qóÕå~åí~à~âëá=êóÜíóãáëÉå=âóååóâëÉí=E_~êêáÉêë=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~ãçåÖ=cáååáëÜ=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇKFI=píìÇáÉë=~åÇ=oÉéçêíëI=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=
fåÇìëíêóI=eÉäëáåâáI=OMMMK=

QN
=

=
 `Ü~éíÉê=S=
`çåÅäìëáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=
Ñçê=ÑìêíÜÉê=~Åíáçå=
=

^=Åçãé~êáëçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåëI=éÉêÑçêãÉÇ=áå=~=Äêç~Ç=ëÉåëÉ=ïáíÜ=çíÜÉê=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíë=
Ñçê=pjbëI=ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=Ñçê=NM=B=çÑ=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉJNV=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=êÉéêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãJ
éçêí~åí=ÄìëáåÉëë=Åçåëíê~áåíK=låäó=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ëâáääÉÇ=ä~Äçìê=EON=BF=~åÇ=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=Ñáå~åÅÉ=ENR=BF=~êÉ=ÅáíÉÇ=ãçêÉ=çÑíÉåK==

qÜÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=çïåÉêë=áå=bìêçéÉJNV=J=~äãçëí=íïç=íÜáêÇë=ESQ=BF=J=ë~ó=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=
ÑáÉäÇ=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Ü~îÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ëáåÅÉ=NVVTK=qÜáë=ÑáåÇáåÖ=ëìÖÖÉëíë=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=åçí=ÄÉÉå=ëìÑÑáJ
ÅáÉåí=éêçÖêÉëë=áå=bìêçéÉJNV=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=Öç~ä=ëÉí=çìí=~í=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄë=pìããáí=íç=êÉîáÉï=~åÇ=íç=ëáãJ
éäáÑó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=éä~ÅÉÇ=çå=pjbë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK==

qïç=éçíÉåíá~ä=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇW=
cáêëíI=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~åÇ=ëÉÅçåÇI=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~ë=~åçíÜÉê=éçíÉåíá~ä=ëçìêÅÉ=Ñçê=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=qÜÉ=ÑáåÇáåÖë=ëÜçï=íÜ~í=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Çç=åçí=éêáã~êáäó=ëíÉã=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=
íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áíëÉäÑK=få=ãçëí=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Çç=åçí=éçëÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=~Çãáåáëíê~J
íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=lå=~îÉê~ÖÉI=PKP=EOKNF=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÖçåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=
ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=E~=ëìÄëÉèìÉåíF=ÉãéäçóÉÉK==

cêçã=pjbëD=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=áí=ëÉÉãë=íç=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=Åìãìä~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=î~êáçìë=åçêãë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=
çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= íÜ~í= éä~ÅÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= íÜÉãK= ^å= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= êÉÖìä~íçêó= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= ã~ó=
áãéçëÉ=çåäó=~=ëã~ää=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=çå=pjbë=Äìí=~=Eä~êÖÉF=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåíI=çÄëÅìêÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ÅêÉ~íÉ=
~= ã~àçê= éêçÄäÉãK=qÜÉ= ëã~ääÉëí= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= é~êíáÅìä~êäó= Ü~îÉ= ÇáÑÑáÅìäíó= íç= ëáåÖäÉ= çìí= çåÉ= êÉÖìä~íçêó= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= íÜ~í=
éä~ÅÉë=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=ÄìêÇÉå=çå=íÜÉãK=fåëíÉ~Ç=íÜÉó=ÉñéêÉëë=~=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ÑÉÉäáåÖ=çÑ=ÄÉáåÖ=ÄìêÇÉåÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜìëI=ÑçëíÉê=ÉãéäçóãÉåíI=~=ãçêÉ=
íÜçêçìÖÜI=ÜçäáëíáÅ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=íç=ÇÉêÉÖìä~íáçå=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=íê~åëé~êÉåÅó=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇK=

PN=B=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëI=áKÉK=áå=íçí~ä=~ééêçñáã~íÉäó=ëáñ=ãáääáçå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=
ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=qÜÉëÉ=pjbë=ëÜçï=~=ëí~íáëíáJ
Å~ääó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ëã~ääÉê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÖêçïíÜ= Åçãé~êÉÇ= íç= pjbë= íÜ~í= ë~ó= íÜ~í= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= Ü~îÉ= åç=
áãé~Åí=çå=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçå=EÅçåíêçääÉÇ=Ñçê=ëÉîÉê~ä=çíÜÉê=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëFK=qÜìëI=áå=íÜÉ=~ÄëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=ãáÖÜí=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ÜáÖÜÉê=áå=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Öêçìé=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=êÉJ
ÖêÉëëáçå=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíë=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=íÜ~í=áå=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íÉêãë=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áë=
ê~íÜÉê=äáãáíÉÇK==

píê~íÉÖáÅ= íççäë= íç= ~îçáÇ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= êÉÖìä~ê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= çìíëçìêÅáåÖ=
~åÇ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~ÄçìêK=eçïÉîÉêI=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=ëìÖÖÉëíëI=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉ=ã~àçêáíó=çÑ=pjbë=Çç=åçí=Ñçääçï=ëìÅÜ=~=
ëíê~íÉÖóK=kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI= ëçãÉ=ïÉáÖÜí= áë= ~ííêáÄìíÉÇ= íç= íÜáë= ëíê~íÉÖó= ~í= äÉ~ëí=Äó= ä~êÖÉê= pjbë= íÜ~í= ã~âÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= çìíJ
ëçìêÅáåÖ=~åÇ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=ãçêÉ=ÑêÉèìÉåíäóK=

qïç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= áåáíá~íáîÉë= íç= ÑçëíÉê= ~åÇ= íç= ëáãéäáÑó= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= J= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ= Ç~í~=
íê~åëãáëëáçå= ~åÇ= íÜêÉëÜçäÇ= äÉîÉäë= áå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçå= J= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇK= pç= Ñ~êI= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ= Ç~í~=
íê~åëãáëëáçå=íç=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=áë=åçí=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=ïáÇÉëéêÉ~Ç=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=_ìí=~ë=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëë= Çç= åçí= éä~ÅÉ= êÉã~êâ~ÄäÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= pjbë= áå=
ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçå=ïçìäÇ=åçí=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=ãìÅÜ=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~J

QP=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK=få=~=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=äÉîÉäë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåK=bîáÇÉåÅÉ=
ëÜçïë=íÜ~í=íÜÉëÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÖççÇ=áåëíêìãÉåíë=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=pjbë=Ñêçã=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK==

qÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= Ü~êÇäó=~åó= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= áåáíá~íáîÉë= áå=íÜÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉë= çÑ= bìêçéÉJNV= íÜ~í=ÇáêÉÅíäó=~ÇÇêÉëë= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=
éêçÅÉëë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áå=é~êíáÅìä~êK=pìÅÜ=áåáíá~íáîÉë=~êÉ=åçí=~=Åçããçå=~éJ
éêç~ÅÜ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNVK=låäó=áå=_ÉäÖáìã=~åÇ=áå=cê~åÅÉ=áë=íÜÉêÉ=ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ=íÜ~í=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=
~êÉ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ëìééçêíÉÇK==

qç=ëìã=ìéI=~=ãçêÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÉÇ=~åÇ=íê~åëé~êÉåí=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=Ñçêã=çÑ=ÜÉäé=
Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=çÑ=~ää=ëáòÉë=~åÇ=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=Ñçê=ëã~ääÉê=ëÅ~äÉÇ=ÄìëáåÉëëÉëK=tÜáäÉ=çå=íÜÉ=çåÉ=Ü~åÇ=ëáÇÉ=ëìééçêí=áåáJ
íá~íáîÉë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÄÉííÉê=í~êÖÉíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íÉÇ=íç=pjbëI=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=çïåÉêë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=~äëç=Ü~îÉ=íç=ëÉ~êÅÜ=
Ñçê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~ÅíáîÉäó=~åÇ=íç=í~âÉ=ìé=íÜÉ=ëìééçêí=çÑÑÉêÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåëK=

cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= ïáíÜ= êÉëéÉÅí= íç= íÜÉ= áåíêçÇìÅíáçå= çÑ= åÉï= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= äÉÖáëä~íáçåI= ~= êÉÖìä~íçêó= áãé~Åí= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí=
Å~å=ÄÉ=~=ìëÉÑìä=íççä=íç=áÇÉåíáÑóI=É~êäó=áå=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëëI=äáâÉäó=éçëáíáîÉ=~åÇ=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=äÉÖáëä~íáîÉ=éêçéçë~äëI=
áåÅäìÇáåÖ=éçëëáÄäÉ=Çáëéêçéçêíáçå~íÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~åÇ=pjbë=áå=é~êíáÅìä~êK=pìÅÜ=
~å= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíI= ïÜáÅÜ= åçêã~ääó= áåÅäìÇÉë= Åçåëìäí~íáçåë= ïáíÜ= ëí~âÉÜçäÇÉêëI= ÅçìäÇ= ê~áëÉ= íÜÉ= ~ííÉåíáçå= çÑ= éçäáÅóJ
ã~âÉêë=íçï~êÇë=éçëëáÄäÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=ÅçìäÇ=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=åÉï=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåK=bñáëíáåÖ=äÉÖJ
áëä~íáçå=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ãçÇáÑáÉÇ=ëç=íÜ~í=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÅçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~îçáÇÉÇ=çê=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=êÉÇìÅÉÇK=oÉÖìä~íçêó=
áãé~Åí= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= áë= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääó= ãÉåíáçåÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= br= bãéäçóãÉåí= dìáÇÉäáåÉë= ~åÇ= áí= áë= ~äêÉ~Çó= ìëÉÇ= Äó= ãçëí=
ÅçìåíêáÉë=çÑ=bìêçéÉJNV=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=åÉï=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=áå=ëÉäÉÅíÉÇ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ÑáÉäÇëK=

QQ=
 oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=
=

_Éêíçä~I=dKI=qK=_çÉêá=~åÇ=pK=`~òÉëI=bãéäçóãÉåí=áå=áåÇìëíêá~äáòÉÇ=ÅçìåíêáÉëW=qÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=Ñçê=åÉï=áåÇáÅ~íçêëX=áåW=fåíÉêå~J
íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=oÉîáÉïI=sçäK=NPVI=kçK=NI=éK=RTJTOI=dÉåÉî~I=OMMMK=

_ÉííÉê=oÉÖìä~íáçå=q~ëâ=cçêÅÉI=eÉäéáåÖ=pã~ää=cáêãë=`çéÉ=ïáíÜ=oÉÖìä~íáçå=J=bñÉãéíáçåë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=^ééêç~ÅÜÉëI=içåÇçåI=
OMMMK=

_çÅâÉäI=gKJjKI=o~ééçêí=ëìê=ä~=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=ÇÉ=ä~=Åê¨~íáçå=ÇÛÉåíêÉéêáëÉI=ÇÉ=ä~=îáÉ=ÇÉë=Åê¨~íÉìêëI=Éí=ÇÉ=ä~=ÖÉëíáçå=ÇÉ=äÉìêë=
ÉåíêÉéêáëÉë=EoÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Åçãé~åó=ÅêÉ~íáçåI=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íçêëÛ=äáÑÉI=~åÇ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=Åçãé~åáÉë=ã~åJ
~ÖÉãÉåíFI=oÉéçêí=íç=íÜÉ=mêáãÉ=jáåáëíÉê=iáçåÉä=gçëéáåI=OMMNK=

_ççÅâã~ååI=_K=~åÇ=qK=e~ÖÉåI=qÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=cäÉñáÄäÉ=tçêâáåÖ=`çåíê~Åíë=áå=tÉëí=dÉêã~åóK=bîáÇÉåÅÉ=Ñêçã=~å=bëí~ÄJ
äáëÜãÉåí=m~åÉäI=áåW=wbt=aáëÅìëëáçå=m~éÉêëI=kçK=MNJPPI=j~ååÜÉáãI=OMMNK=

_êìåÉííáI=^KI=dK=háëìåâç=~åÇ=_K=tÉÇÉêI=eçï=_ìëáåÉëëÉë=pÉÉ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=J=oÉëéçåëÉë=Ñêçã=mêáî~íÉ=pÉÅíçê=pìêîÉóë=áå=SV=
`çìåíêáÉëI=tçêäÇ=_~åâ=m~éÉêI=t~ëÜáåÖíçå=a`I=NVVTK=

_êìåÉííáI=^KI=kK=t~ääÉêíI=^K^K=ÇÉ=`Ü~ãÄáêÉêI=_K=oáÖ~ëëá=~åÇ=eKJoK=cêÏÜKI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉäáÉîÉ=aÉêÉÖìä~íáçå=EÇáÑÑÉêJ
Éåí=~êíáÅäÉëFI=áåW=aáÉ=sçäâëïáêíëÅÜ~Ñí=ULOMMMI=_ÉêåI=OMMMK=

_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìã= ÑÏê= táêíëÅÜ~Ñí= ìåÇ= qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉI= _ÉêáÅÜí= ÏÄÉê= ÇÉå= pí~åÇ= ÇÉê= fåáíáíá~íáîÉ= ^ÄÄ~ì= ÄÏêçâê~íáëÅÜÉê=
eÉããåáëëÉ=ÇÉë=_ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë=ÑÏê=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=ìåÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉ=EoÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=ëí~íìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåáíá~íáîÉ=Úaáëã~åJ
íäáåÖ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëÛ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅë=~åÇ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖóÛFI=_ÉêäáåI=OMMNK=

`ÉåíÉåçI= iK= ~åÇ= p^kq^k^= EÅçJçêÇáå~íáçåFI= cçêãë= çÑ= ïçêâW= qÉãéçê~êó= ~ÖÉåÅó= ïçêâX= pìÄÅçåíê~ÅíáåÖI= bãéäçóãÉåí=
~åÇ=sçÅ~íáçå~ä=qê~áåáåÖ=lÄëÉêî~íçêóI=iáëÄçåI=OMMMK=

`Ü~êò~íI=jKI=oÉéçêí=íç=íÜÉ=mêáãÉ=jáåáëíÉê=çå=íÜÉ=~ííê~ÅíáîÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=cêÉåÅÜ=íÉêêáíçêóI=gìäó=OMMNK=

`äÉãÉåòI=dKI=aK=dêÏåï~äÇ=~åÇ=pK=jáâáåçîáÅI=£âçåçãáëÅÜÉ=ìåÇ=ëçòá~äÉ=^ëéÉâíÉ=ÇÉê=mÉêëçå~äÄÉêÉáíëíÉääìåÖ=EbÅçåçãáÅ=
~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=~ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ïçêâÉêëFI=sáÉåå~I=NVUSK=

`çããáëëáçå=éçìê=äÉë=páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçåë=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉë=E`lp^FI=páãéäáÑó=íç=ìåÇÉêí~âÉ=J=R=~ñÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëáãéäáJ
ÑáÅ~íáçåë= Ñçê= Åçãé~åáÉë= ~åÇ= éêçÑÉëëáçå~äëI= jÉÉíáåÖ= çÑ=íÜÉ= `çããáëëáçå= áå= ÅÜ~êÖÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= páãéäáÑáÅ~J
íáçåëI= OMMNLMQLNTI= ìåÇÉê= íÜÉ= éêÉëáÇÉåÅó= çÑ= cê~å´çáë= m~íêá~íI= pí~íÉ= pÉÅêÉí~êó= áå= ÅÜ~êÖÉ= çÑ= pjbëI= _ìëáåÉëëI= `ê~ÑíI=
~åÇ=`çåëìãéíáçåK=

a~åáëÜ=^ÖÉåÅó=Ñçê=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóI=qÜÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêI=OMMMK=

aÉé~êíãÉåí=çÑ=i~ÄçìêI=bãéäçóÉêëÛ=mÉêÅÉéíáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=bÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=i~Äçìê=iÉÖáëä~íáçåK=píìÇó=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=Äó=íÜÉ=bÅçåçãáÅ=
~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=fåëíáíìíÉ=çå=ÄÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=aÉé~êíãÉåí=çÑ=i~ÄçìêI=aìÄäáåI=NVUSK=

bÇáåI= mKJ^K= ~åÇ= _K= eçäãäìåÇI= bÑÑÉâíÉê= ~î= ~åëí®ääåáåÖëëâóÇÇI= _áä~Ö~= íáää= NVVO= ™êë= ~êÄÉíëê®ííëâçããáíí¨ë= ÄÉí®åâ~åÇÉI=
plrNVVPWPOI=píçÅâÜçäãI=NVVPK=

bìêçéÉ~å=`çããáëëáçåI=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëI=OMMOLkçK=NX=eáÖÜäáÖÜíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=pìêîÉóX=oÉéçêí=ëìÄJ
ãáííÉÇ= íç= íÜÉ= båíÉêéêáëÉ= aáêÉÅíçê~íÉ= dÉåÉê~ä= Äó= hmjd= péÉÅá~ä= pÉêîáÅÉëI= bfj= _ìëáåÉëë= C= mçäáÅó= oÉëÉ~êÅÜI= ~åÇ=
bkpoX=_êìëëÉäëI=OMMOK=

bìêçéÉ~å=`çããáëëáçåI=lÄëÉêî~íçêó=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbëX=OMMOLkçK=OX=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=~=Ñáêëí=Öä~åÅÉ=~í=br=
`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=`çìåíêáÉëX=oÉéçêí=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=båíÉêéêáëÉ=aáêÉÅíçê~íÉ=dÉåÉê~ä=Äó=hmjd=péÉÅá~ä=pÉêîáÅÉëI=bfj=_ìëáJ
åÉëë=C=mçäáÅó=oÉëÉ~êÅÜI=~åÇ=bkpoI=_êìëëÉäëI=OMMOK=

QR=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

bìêçëí~íI=vÉ~êÄççâ=OMMNI=OMMNK=

cáååáëÜ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíë=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ç~í~=Ä~åâ=áå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí=ÜííéWLLïïïKÑáåäÉñKÑá=Eëáíì~íáçå=çå=OO=lÅíçÄÉê=OMMNK=

cêáÉÇêáÅÜI=tK=~åÇ=eK=e®ÖÉäÉI=£âçåçãáëÅÜÉ=hçåëÉèìÉåòÉå=îçå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉå=áã=^êÄÉáíëJ=ìåÇ=pçòá~äêÉÅÜí=ëçïáÉ=ÇáÉ=
^ìëïáêâìåÖÉå= ÇáÉëÉê= oÉÖÉäìåÖÉå= J= båÇÄÉêáÅÜí= NVVTK= råíÉêëìÅÜìåÖ= áã= ^ìÑíê~Ö= ÇÉë= _ìåÇÉëãáåáëíÉêáìãë= ÑÏê=
táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=EbÅçåçãáÅ=`çåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=s~äìÉë=áå=íÜÉ=i~Äçìê=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=iÉÖáëä~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=fãé~Åí=çÑ=
íÜÉëÉ=oìäÉë=J=cáå~ä=oÉéçêí=NVVTK=píìÇó=çå=_ÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅëFI=`çäçÖåÉI=NVVTK=

cêáÉÇêáÅÜI= tKI= eK= hê~åíò= ~åÇ= jK= pÅÜçêåI= ^ÄÄ~ì= ÄÏêçâê~íáëÅÜÉê= eÉããåáëëÉ= ÄÉá= bñáëíÉåòÖêÏåÇìåÖÉå= ìåÇ= J
ÏÄÉêå~ÜãÉå= E`ìí= Ä~Åâ= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= ëí~êí= ìéë= ~åÇ= í~âÉJçîÉêëFI= áåW= píìÇáÉå= ÇÉê= tpc=
táêíëÅÜ~ÑíëJ=ìåÇ=pçòá~äÑçêëÅÜìåÖI=eÉÑí=OQI=hÉêéÉåI=OMMMK=

eÉåêÉâëëçåI=jKI=fåëíáíìíáçåÉää~=ÑÕêìíë®ííåáåÖ~ê=ÑÕê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÕêëâ~é=çÅÜ=ÑÕêÉí~Ö~êíáääî®ñíI=qáääî®ñíW=ëîÉåëâ=ÑçêëâåáåÖ=çã=
ÑÕêÉí~Öë=Éñé~åëáçåI=OMMNK=

eçäòáåÖÉêI=bKI= ^íóéáëÅÜÉ=_ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖ=áå=£ëíÉêêÉáÅÜ=E^íóéáÅ~ä=bãéäçóãÉåí=áå=^ìëíêá~FI=mìÄäáÅ=bãéäçóãÉåí=pÉêîáÅÉ=
E^jpFI=sáÉåå~I=OMMNK=

ÜííéWLLïïïK~åéÉKÑêLÉãéäçóÉìêL~áÇÉLÉãéä|~áÇÉ|Në~ä~êáÉKàëéK=

fhbfI=pé~åáëÜ=k~íáçå~ä=oÉéçêí=çå=qÉãéçê~êó=^ÖÉåÅó=tçêâI=êÉéçêí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=bìêçéÉ~å=cçìåÇ~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=fãéêçîÉãÉåí=
çÑ=iáîáåÖ=~åÇ=tçêâáåÖ=`çåÇáíáçåëI=aìÄäáåI=OMMNK=

gçáåí=bãéäçóãÉåí=oÉéçêíI=`lj=EOMMMF=RRNI=OMMMK=

j®âáI= hK= ~åÇ= qK= mìââáåÉåI= qóÕå~åí~à~âëá= êóÜíóãáëÉå= âóååóâëÉíK= E_~êêáÉêë= íç= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ~ãçåÖ= cáååáëÜ= ëÉäÑJ
ÉãéäçóÉÇKF=píìÇáÉë=~åÇ=oÉéçêíëI=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóI=eÉäëáåâáI=OMMMK=

j~êäçïI= pK= ~åÇ= ^K= píê~åÖÉI= pã~ää= cáêã= i~Äçìê= J= ^= s~äìÉÇ= ^ëëÉí= Äìí= kÉÖäÉÅíÉÇ= oÉëçìêÅÉ\I= oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= oÉéçêí= íç= íÜÉ=
iÉáÅÉëíÉêëÜáêÉ=`ÉåíêÉ=Ñçê=båíÉêéêáëÉI=OMMMK=

káÅçäÉííáI=dI=pK=pÅ~êéÉíí~=~åÇ=lK=_çóä~ìÇI=pìãã~êó=fåÇáÅ~íçêë=çÑ=mêçÇìÅí=j~êâÉí=oÉÖìä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=~å=bñíÉåëáçå=íç=
bãéäçóãÉåí=mêçíÉÅíáçå=iÉÖáëä~íáçåI=áåW=lb`a=EÉÇKFI=bÅçåçãáÅë=aÉé~êíãÉåí=tçêâáåÖ=m~éÉêëI=kçK=OOSI=m~êáëI=OMMMK=

káÉÜçÑI=gK=~åÇ=bK=î~å=píê~íÉåI=_ÉäÉããÉêáåÖÉå=îççê=ÜÉí=áå=ÇáÉåëí=åÉãÉå=î~å=éÉêëçåÉÉä=áå=ÜÉí=jh_=EfãéÉÇáãÉåíë=
íç=ëí~ÑÑ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=áå=pjbëFK=bfjI=wçÉíÉêãÉÉêI=NVVUK=

káàëÉå=^KI=eKbK=eìäëÜçÑÑ=~åÇ=eK`K=sáëÉÉI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáÉîÉ=ä~ëíÉå=áå=ÇáÉåëí=åÉãÉå=ïÉêâåÉãÉêëW=ÉÉå=áåíÉêå~íáçå~äÉ=îÉêJ
ÖÉäáàâáåÖ= áå= U= ä~åÇÉå= E^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉå= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= êÉÅêìáíáåÖ= ÉãéäçóÉÉëW= ~å= áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= Åçãé~êáëçå= çÑ= U=
ÅçìåíêáÉëFI=lp^I=qÜÉ=e~ÖìÉI=NVVTK=

kçêãÖêìééÉåI=ÑÕêÉåâä~Ç=êÉÖäÉêáåÖ=ÖÉåíÉãçí=å®êáåÖëäáîÉíI=NVURK=
krqbhI=cÕêÄ®ííê~=ÑÕê=åóÑÕêÉí~Ö~êÉå=J=krqbhë=ÉêÑ~êÉåÜÉíÉê=Ñê™å=pí~êíäáåàÉåI=fåÑç=MTNJNVVVI=NVVVK=

lb`aI=oÉÖìä~íçêó=oÉÑçêã=Ñçê=pã~ääÉê=cáêãëI=pÅáÉåÅÉ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖó=fåÇìëíêóI=m~êáëI=NVVVK=

lb`aI=oÉÇìÅáåÖ=íÜÉ=oáëâ=çÑ=mçäáÅó=c~áäìêÉK=`Ü~ääÉåÖÉë=Ñçê=oÉÖìä~íçêó=`çãéäá~åÅÉI=m~êáëI=OMMMK=

lb`aI=_ìëáåÉëëÉëD=sáÉïë=çå=oÉÇ=q~éÉI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=~åÇ=oÉÖìä~íçêó=_ìêÇÉåë=çå=pã~ää=~åÇ=jÉÇáìãJpáòÉÇ=båíÉêéêáëÉëI=
m~êáëI=OMMNK=

lb`a=mìÄäáÅ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=`çããáííÉÉI=oÉÖìä~íçêó=mçäáÅáÉë=áå=lb`a=`çìåíêáÉëK=cêçã=fåíÉêîÉåíáçå=íç=oÉÖìä~íçêó=dçîJ
Éêå~åÅÉI=m~êáëI=OMMNK=

lÉÅÜëäÉêI= tK^K= ~åÇ= qK= mÉìåíåÉêI= ^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí= ~äë= jáííÉä= ÇÉê= _ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëéçäáíáâ= Ei~Äçìê= ä~ï= ~ë= áåëíêìãÉåí= çÑ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=éçäáÅáÉëFI=áåW=mÉêëçå~äÑÏÜêìåÖI=kçK=PLOMMMI=éK=RMJRVI=aÏëëÉäÇçêÑI=OMMMK=
íÜ
m~êáë=`Ü~ãÄÉê=çÑ=`çããÉêÅÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóI=~åÇ=jÉÇá~ã¨íêáÉ=fåëíáíìíÉI=OM =çéáåáçå=ëìêîÉó=çå=íÜÉ=éêÉëÉåí=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=
ëáíì~íáçåI=OMMNK=

mçêíìÖ~äI=mKI=gçÄ=îçä~íáäáíóI=àçÄ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ìåÉãéäçóãÉåí=éêçíÉÅíáçåI=nì~êíÉêäó=bÅçåçãáÅ=oÉéçêí=çÑ=íÜÉ=mçêíìJ
ÖìÉëÉ=`Éåíê~ä=_~åâI=aÉÅÉãÄÉêI=iáëÄçåI=NVVVK=

oÉéçêí=çå=íÜÉ=fãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=^Åíáçå=mä~å=íç=éêçãçíÉ=båíêÉéêÉåÉìêëÜáé=~åÇ=`çãéÉíáíáîÉåÉëëI=pb`=EOMMMF=NUORI=
OMMMK=

QS=
 oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=

pÅÜêÕÉêI=bK=~åÇ=jK=eçäòI=sÉêï~äíìåÖëÄÉÇáåÖíÉê=wÉáí~ìÑï~åÇ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=rãëÉíòìåÖ=îçå=dêÏåÇìåÖëîçêÜ~ÄÉå=E^ÇãáåJ
áëíê~íáîÉ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉ~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=ëí~êí=ìéëFI=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=fÑj=_çåå=áåW=fÑjJj~íÉêá~äáÉåI=kçK=NQQI=
_çååI=OMMMK=

pÉñíçåI=gKgK=~åÇ=mKgK=lÛ`çååÉää=EÉÇáíçêëFI=i~Äçìê=j~êâÉí=píìÇáÉëW=fêÉä~åÇI=ëíìÇó=Ñçê=ad=sI=`çããáëëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=bìêçJ
éÉ~å=råáçåI=iìñÉãÄçìêÖI=NVVSK=

píìÇó=çå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áå=íÜÉ=pjbë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëâáääÉÇ=Åê~Ñí=ëÉÅíçê=áå=iìñÉãÄçìêÖW=EëÉÉ=ïïïKÅÇãKäì=ëÉÅíáçå=ÚpÉêJ
îáÅÉëÛ=~åÇ=ëìÄëÉÅíáçå=ÚÅÜ~êÖÉë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉëÛFK=

qÉâåçäçÖáëâ=fåëíáíìíI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=Ä~êêáÉêë=Ñçê=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=ìéçå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑ=éÉêëçåë=ïáíÜ=ï~ÖÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåI=OMMMK==

qÉâåçäçÖáëâ= fåëíáíìí= Ñçê= bêÜîÉêîëJ= çÖ= pÉäëâ~ÄëëíóêÉäëÉåI= qÜÉ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ~ÅíëW= ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë= Ñçê= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íóéÉë= çÑ=
ÄìëáåÉëëÉëI=NVVUK=

råáÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=ÉêâÉåÇÉ=ëçÅá~äÉ=ëÉÅêÉí~êá~íÉå=î~å=ïÉêâÖÉîÉêëI=eÉí=ÉêâÉåÇ=ëçÅá~~ä=ëÉÅêÉí~êá~~í=EqÜÉ=äáÅÉåëÉÇ=bãéäçóÉêëÛ=
pçÅá~äJ^ÅÅçìåíáåÖ=pÉÅêÉí~êá~íFI=_êìëëÉäëI=OMMNK=

t~ÖåÉêI=gKI=`K=pÅÜå~ÄÉä=~åÇ=^K=hÕääáåÖI=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉë=áå=dÉêã~å=ä~Äçìê=ä~ï=~åÇ=àçÄ=Çóå~ãáÅë=áå=ëã~ää=ÑáêãëW=
íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Çáë~Äáäáíó=ä~ïI=áåW=råáîÉêëáí®í=iÏåÉÄìêÖ=EÉÇKFI=^êÄÉáíëÄÉêáÅÜí=kçK=OPPI=iÏåÉÄìêÖI=OMMNK=

t~ÖåÉêI=gKI=`K=pÅÜå~ÄÉä=~åÇ=^K=hÕääáåÖI=táêâÉå=pÅÜïÉääÉåïÉêíÉ=áã=ÇÉìíëÅÜÉå=^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí=~äë=_êÉãëÉ=ÑÏê=ÇáÉ=^êJ
ÄÉáíëéä~íòÄÉëÅÜ~ÑÑìåÖ= áå= häÉáåÄÉíêáÉÄÉå\= Eaç= íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉë= áå= íÜÉ= dÉêã~å= ä~Äçìê= ä~ï=~Åí= ~ë= ~=Äê~âÉ= çå= ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=ÅêÉ~íáçå=áå=ëã~ää=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë\FI=áåW=råáîÉêëáí®í=iÏåÉÄìêÖ=EÉÇKFI=^êÄÉáíëÄÉêáÅÜí=kçK=OQMI=iÏåÉÄìêÖI=OMMNK=

tÜÉä~åI= _KgKI= oK= _êÉÉåI= qK= `~ää~å= ~åÇ= _K= kçä~åI= ^= píìÇó= çÑ= íÜÉ= bãéäçóãÉåí= mçëëáÄáäáíáÉë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= içåÖ= qÉêã= råÉãJ
éäçóÉÇI=píìÇó=Å~êêáÉÇ=çìí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=aÉé~êíãÉåí=çÑ=i~ÄçìêI=qÜÉ=bÅçåçãáÅ=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=fåëíáíìíÉI=aìÄäáå=NVVNK=

táåíÉêëI=gK=~åÇ=`K=kçä~åI=açÉë=åÉï=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=Å~ìëÉ=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=íç=Ñ~áä\=m~éÉê=íç=íÜÉ=_êáíáëÜ=råáîÉêëáíáÉë=
fåÇìëíêá~ä=oÉä~íáçåë=`çåÑÉêÉåÅÉI=gìäóI=råáîÉêëáíó=çÑ=t~êïáÅâI=OMMMK=

QT
=

=
 ^ååÉñ=f=
`çåÅÉéíë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
=

qÜáë= ~ååÉñ= ëÉêîÉë= íç= Åä~êáÑó= ëçãÉ= ÅçåÅÉéíë= çå= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= ÖÉåÉê~ä= êÉëìäí=
Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=áãéçëÉÇ=çå=Ñáêãë=Äó=ä~ïI=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=qÜÉ=ã~áå=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=
íÜÉëÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=~êÉ=íÜÉ=íóéáÅ~ä=íóéÉë=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áå=q~ÄäÉ=fKNK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=áë=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=äÉÖ~ä=åçêãë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=êÉÖ~êÇÉÇ=ïÜÉå=
VV
ÉãéäçóáåÖ=ëí~ÑÑK =
=

q~ÄäÉ=fKNW= mçäáÅó=~êÉ~ë=~ë=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
mçäáÅó=~êÉ~ë=
pí~êíJìé=êÉÖìä~íáçå=
båîáêçåãÉåí~ä=êÉÖìä~íáçå=
dÉåÉê~ä=ëí~íáëíáÅ~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êÉÖìä~íáçå=
`çããÉêÅá~ä=ä~ï=
dÉåÉê~ä=í~ñ~íáçå=
bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=
J=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=
J=tçêâáåÖ=Üçìêë=
J=pÉÅíçê=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=
J=aáëãáëë~ä=ä~ï=
J=bãéäçóãÉåí=Åçåíê~Åíë=
J=bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=í~ñÉë=
J=tçêâÉê=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=ä~ï=
J=`çääÉÅíáîÉ=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=
J=pçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=éÉåëáçåë=

qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=êÉÖìä~íçêó=Åçëí=ÅçåÅÉéíë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~å~äóëÉ=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÄìëáåÉëëÉëK=aáêÉÅí=Åçëíë=~åÇ=áåÇáêÉÅí=Åçëíë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇ=áå=íÜáë=êÉëéÉÅíK=aáJ
êÉÅí=Åçëíë=ÇáêÉÅíäó=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=ÇÉ~äáåÖ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=éçëÉÇ=çå=ÄìëáåÉëëÉëK=fåÇáêÉÅí=Åçëíë=êÉä~íÉ=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=
Åçãé~åáÉëÛ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìêK=qÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=áë=~=Åçãéáä~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Åçëí=ÉäÉãÉåíë=áë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=EpÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=fKOFK==

VV== _êìåÉííáI=^KI=háëìåâçI=dK=~åÇ=tÉÇÉêI=_KI=eçï=_ìëáåÉëëÉë=pÉÉ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=J=oÉëéçåëÉë=Ñêçã=mêáî~íÉ=pÉÅíçê=pìêîÉóë=áå=SV=`çìåíêáÉëI=tçêäÇ=_~åâ=m~éÉêI=t~ëÜáåÖíçå=
a`I=NVVTK=

QV=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

q~ÄäÉ=fKOW= oÉÖìä~íçêó=Åçëí=ÅçåÅÉéíë=
aáêÉÅí=Åçëíë= =
`çãéäá~åÅÉ=Åçëíë= låÉJçÑÑ= Åçëíë= åÉÉÇÉÇ= íç= Åçãéäó= ïáíÜ= êÉÖìä~íáçåI= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= áåîÉëíãÉåíë= áå= åÉï= éêçÇìÅíáçå= éêçÅÉëëÉëI=
íÉÅÜåçäçÖóI=ÉèìáéãÉåíI=ä~ÄçìêI=íê~áåáåÖ=çÑ=éÉêëçååÉäI=áåÑê~ëíêìÅíìêÉI=~åÇ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=ëóëíÉãë=
léÉê~íáåÖ=Åçëíë= oÉÅìêêáåÖ= Åçëíë= ~êáëáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ=éêçéçëÉÇ= ãÉ~ëìêÉI= ëìÅÜ=~ë= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= Åçëíë= Ñçê= ê~ï=ã~íÉêá~ä= ~åÇ= ä~J
ÄçìêI=çíÜÉê=êÉÅìêêáåÖ=éêçÇìÅíáçå=ÅçëíëI=äáÅÉåÅÉ=ÑÉÉëI=~åÇ=éÉêáçÇáÅ=áåëéÉÅíáçåë=
^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=Åçëíë= oÉä~íÉÇ= íç= íáãÉ=~åÇLçê= ãçåÉó=EáåíÉêå~ääó=~åÇLçê= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= éìêÅÜ~ëÉ= çÑ= ÉñíÉêå~ä=~ÇîáÅÉF= ëéÉåí= çå=
ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=~=ä~ïI=ÅçääÉÅíI=éä~åI=éêçÅÉëëI=êÉéçêíI=êÉí~áå=Ç~í~I=Ñáää=áå=~åÇ=ÇÉäáîÉê=Ñçêãë=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ
ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=
fåÅêÉ~ëÉ= få=äÉîáÉë=çÑ=í~ñÉëI=éêÉãáìãëI=ÉíÅK==
aÉÅêÉ~ëÉ= få=íê~åëÑÉê=é~óãÉåíë=
fåÇáêÉÅí=Åçëíë= =
kÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå= `çãé~åáÉëÛ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=áåîÉëí=~åÇ=íê~ÇÉ=Eáå=íÜÉ=br=~åÇ=çìíëáÇÉF=
kÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå= `çãé~åáÉëÛ=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íç=áååçî~íÉ=EÉKÖK=oCa=áåîÉëíãÉåíëX=éêçÇìÅíI=éêçÅÉëëI=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=áååçî~íáçåF
kÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå= `çãé~åáÉëÛ=~Äáäáíó=íç=ÅçãéÉíÉ=EÉKÖK=íç=~Çàìëí=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉI=íç=ÉåíÉê=~=ã~êâÉíI=Çáëíçêíáçå~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=íÜÉ
ÅçãéÉíáíáîÉ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=Ñçê=ÅÉêí~áå=ÄìëáåÉëë=ÖêçìéëI=Ñçê=Éñ~ãéäÉ=pjbëI=Åçãé~êÉÇ=ïáíÜ=çíÜÉêëF=

qÜÉ=çåäó=ÉäÉãÉåí=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=Åçëíë=íç=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=çå=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜáë=êÉéçêí=ÑçÅìëÉë=~êÉ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~ë=
éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= q~ÄäÉ= fKPK= tÜ~í= áë= ãçëí= áãéçêí~åí= ~Äçìí= íÜáë= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= áë= íÜ~í= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= íïç= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= éçíÉåíá~ä=
ëçìêÅÉë=íÜ~í=Å~å=éçëÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëW=cáêëíI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=
~ëéÉÅíë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~åÇ=Üçï=íÜÉ=
éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ~êÉ= çêÖ~åáëÉÇK= pÉÅçåÇI= íÜÉ= êÉÖìä~íçêó= Ñê~ãÉïçêâI= ÉKÖK= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉÖìä~íáçåI= ~åÇ= áíë= ÅçãéäÉñáíó=
~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíóI=ïÜáÅÜ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉë=íÜÉ=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=çÑ=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=~å=ÉãéäçóÉê=Ü~ë=íç=Çç=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíJ
áåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=fKPW= bäÉãÉåíë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=
qÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=~ëéÉÅíë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=
kìãÄÉê=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=
k~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=EÜçï=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=áë=çêÖ~åáëÉÇF=ëìÅÜ=~ëW=
J=`çåí~Åíë=ïáíÜ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=
J=cçêã=ÑáääáåÖ=
J=aÉäáîÉêó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=
J=qáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=Eï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=íÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=ÇÉä~ó=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëF=
bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=~åÇ=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=
fåÑçêã~íáçå=ÅçääÉÅíáçå=
råÇÉêëí~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Å~ëÉ=
tçêâ=çìí=ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉÅáëÉ=~Åíáçåë=~êÉ=ÇÉã~åÇÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=

qÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=~ëéÉÅíë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëëW=

qÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~êÉ=
çêÖ~åáëÉÇ= Å~å= éêÉëÉåí= ~= ÄçííäÉåÉÅâ= Ñçê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÅêÉ~íáçå= ÉëéÉÅá~ääó= áå= pjbëK= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= áå= íÜáë=
êÉëéÉÅí=ãáÖÜí=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Åçåí~Åíë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=Ñçêãë=
íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÇÉäáîÉêÉÇI=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=É~ÅÜ=áåÇáîáÇJ
ì~ä=Å~ëÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=çÑ=ÅçãéäÉñáíó=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëíÉéëK==

cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=Ñáêãë=ã~ó=Ñ~ÅÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=íÜ~í=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã=ï~áíáåÖ=Ñçê=~åëïÉêë=Ñêçã=éìÄäáÅ=
~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=EïÜáÅÜ=ã~ó=~Åíì~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅí=ëÉêáçìëäó=~í=äÉ~ëí=íÉãéçê~êáäó=íÜÉ=íáãáåÖ=çÑ=áåîÉëíãÉåíëI=éêçÇìÅíáçå=Å~é~Åáíó=
ÉíÅKFK=

RM=
 ^ååÉñ=f=J=`çåÅÉéíë=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=

bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçå=~åÇ=éêÉé~ê~íçêó=ïçêâ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêW=

^å= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê= Ñáêëí= Ü~ë= íç= ëÉ~êÅÜ= Ñçê= ~åÇ= ÅçääÉÅí= ~ää= êÉäÉî~åí= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ÜÉ= åÉÉÇë= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= Å~êêó= çìí= íÜÉ=
çÄäáÖ~íçêó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= áå= íÜÉ= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëK= ^ë= ~= ëéÉÅá~ä= Å~ëÉI= Ñáêëí= íáãÉ= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ~êÉ= åçí=
ïÉää= ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ= áå= íÜáë= êÉëéÉÅí= ~åÇ= íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ= çÑíÉå= êÉèìáêÉ= ãçêÉ= íáãÉ= íç=Ö~íÜÉê= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉëë= ~ää= íÜÉ= êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=
áåÑçêã~íáçå=íÜ~å=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉÇ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=

pÉÅçåÇI=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=åçêãë=~åÇ=ïçêâ=çìí=ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉÅáëÉ=~Åíáçåë=~êÉ=ÇÉã~åÇÉÇ=
Ñêçã=íÜÉãK=qÜáë=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=~=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~ë=áí=êÉèìáêÉë=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=ÅçåJ
í~ÅíáåÖ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI=ëéÉÅá~äáëÉÇ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=äÉÖ~ä=~ÇîáÅÉ=ÇÉéÉåÇáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Å~ëÉ=~ë=
ïÉää= ~ë= êÉÖìä~êäó= ìéÇ~íáåÖ= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= E~ë= åÉï= ä~ïë= ~åÇ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~êÉ= áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ= ~åÇ= ~ë= íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê= ~åÇ=
ÅçãéäÉñáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íÜ~í=Ñáêãë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Ñ~ÅÉ=áë=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖFK==

RN
=

=
 ^ååÉñ=ff=
pí~íáëíáÅ~ä=Ç~í~=çå=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=êÉëìäíë=
=

qÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=êÉëìäíë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=QKN=êÉîÉ~ä=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=áå=~Åíì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
ÖêçïíÜ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜçëÉ=pjbë=íÜ~í=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~êÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=áåÑäìÉåÅÉÇ=Äó=~Çãáåáëíê~J
íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=íÜçëÉ=íÜ~í=ë~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=ÇÉÅáëáçå=~êÉ=çåäó=ã~êÖáå~ääó=~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇK=få=Ñ~ÅíI=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=Öêçìé=
çÑ= pjbë= ÇáÇ= ëÜçï= ~= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó= ëã~ääÉê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÖêçïíÜ= ÇìêáåÖ= íÜÉ= éÉêáçÇ= NVVVJOMMM= áå= bìêçéÉJNVK= qÜÉ=
ë~ãÉ=êÉëìäí=ÜçäÇë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÅçìåíêáÉëI=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêë=~åÇ=äÉÖ~ä=Ñçêãë=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=ffKNFK=
=

q~ÄäÉ=ffKNW= `çêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉéíáçå= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= ~åÇ= ~Åíì~ä= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
ÖêçïíÜI=OMMN=
fåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=î~êá~ÄäÉë= `çÉÑÑáÅáÉåí= páÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=äÉîÉä=
^ää= bìêçéÉ~å= pjbë= ë~óáåÖ= íÜ~í= íÜÉáê= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= ~êÉ= ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó= ~ÑÑÉÅíÉÇ= Äó= JMKMO= MKMPR=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
^å~äóëáë=Äó=Åçìåíêó= = =
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã= JMKNM= MKMMO=
fí~äó= JMKMS= MKMMM=
dÉêã~åó= JMKMP= MKMUP=
^å~äóëáë=Äó=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçê= = =
_ìëáåÉëë=pÉêîáÅÉë= JMKMV= MKMMM=
^å~äóëáë=Äó=äÉÖ~ä=Ñçêã= = =
mêáî~íÉ=iáãáíÉÇ=`çãé~åáÉë= JMKMQ= MKMOM=
pçìêÅÉW== `~äÅìä~íáçåë=Äó=bfj=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëKG=

få=q~ÄäÉ=ffKN=íÜÉ=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=~å~äóëÉë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇI=áåÇáÅ~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=Éñ~Åí=ëáòÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ÅçÉÑÑáJ
ÅáÉåíë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉK=fÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=íÜÉ=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=
íÜÉ=íïç=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïçìäÇ=åçí=Éñéä~áå=ëóëíÉã~íáÅ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=~Åíì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜI=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëJ
ëáçå=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåí=ïçìäÇ=Ü~îÉ=íÜÉ=î~äìÉ=MKMK=

qÜÉ=~ÄëçäìíÉ=äÉîÉäë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíë=ëÜçïå=áå=q~ÄäÉ=ffKN=~êÉ=áåÇÉÉÇ=ê~íÜÉê=äçïI=î~êóáåÖ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=JMKMO=
~åÇ= JMKNMK= qÜáë= áãéäáÉë= íÜ~í= ~äíÜçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= íïç= Öêçìéë= çÑ= pjbë= ëÜçï= ëóëíÉã~íáÅ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= áå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
ÖêçïíÜI=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ëáòÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áë=èìáíÉ=äáãáíÉÇI=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=áå=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íÉêãëK=

qÜÉ=~ÄçîÉJãÉåíáçåÉÇ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÅçêêÉä~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=~åÇ=~Åíì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
ÖêçïíÜ=áë=î~äáÇI=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=íïç=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=çíÜÉê=ÉåíÉêJ
éêáëÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=EÉKÖK=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêI=äÉÖ~ä=Ñçêã=ÉíÅKFK=pçI=~äíÜçìÖÜ=íÜÉêÉ=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=
íïç= Öêçìéë= çÑ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ïáíÜ= êÉëéÉÅí= íç= íÜÉëÉ= çíÜÉê= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI= íÜÉ= çìíÅçãÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå=
~å~äóëáë=áë=ëíáää=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=êÉÖ~êÇäÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉëK=

kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI=áí=áë=áåíÉêÉëíáåÖ=íç=~å~äóëÉ=ïÜÉíÜÉê=íÜÉ=íïç=Öêçìéë=çÑ=bìêçéÉ~å=pjbë=Çç=áåÇÉÉÇ=ÇáÑÑÉê=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åíäó=
ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉëÉ=çíÜÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëK=^=`ÜáJëèì~êÉ=íÉëí=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=íïç=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=
~äëç=ÇáÑÑÉê=ïáíÜ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=î~êá~ÄäÉëW=ÅçìåíêóI=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêI=äÉÖ~ä=Ñçêã=~åÇ=~ÖÉ=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=~åÇ=ÉãéäçóJ
ãÉåí=ëáòÉ=EëÉÉ=q~ÄäÉ=ffKOFK=kÉîÉêíÜÉäÉëëI=ÇìÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=~å~äóëáë=íÜÉëÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=áå=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=Ü~îÉ=åç=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=~ÄçîÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=êÉÖêÉëëáçå=êÉëìäíëK=

RP=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

q~ÄäÉ=ffKOW= páÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= íïç= Öêçìéë= çÑ= pjbë= ïáíÜ= êÉëéÉÅí= íç= çíÜÉê= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=
ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI=bìêçéÉJNVI=OMMN=
båíÉêéêáëÉ=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëW= páÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=äÉîÉä=
J=`çìåíêó= MKMMM=
J=bÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçê= MKMMM=
J=iÉÖ~ä=Ñçêã= MKMMM=
J=^ÖÉ=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= MKMMO=
J=cáîÉ=Å~íÉÖçêáÉë=EMI=NI=OJVI=NMJQVI=RMJOQV=ÉãéäçóÉÉëF= MKMMM=
pçìêÅÉW== `~äÅìä~íáçåë=Äó=bfj=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=êÉëìäíë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=OMMN=bkpo=pìêîÉó=çå=pjbëK=

qç= ÅçåÅäìÇÉI= ïáíÜ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= íÜÉ= âáåÇ= çÑ= ÅçêêÉä~íáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë=
êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=éÉêÅÉáîÉÇ=Äó=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áå=íÜÉëÉ=
ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ÅçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇK= ^äíÜçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= êÉÖêÉëëáçå= êÉëìäíë= ëÜçï= ~= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= áå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
ÖêçïíÜ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=íïç=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=ÖêçìéëI=ëÉÉå=áå=~ÄëçäìíÉ=íÉêãë=íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=
çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ÖêçïíÜ=áë=ê~íÜÉê=äáãáíÉÇK=

RQ=
 ^ååÉñ=fff=
fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=
=

fffKNK= páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=
tÜÉêÉ~ë=íÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜáåâáåÖ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=R=ï~ë=íç=~ÇÇ=ëçãÉ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ëìééçêí=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=íÜÉ=
Ñáêëí=çê=~å=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉãéäçóÉÉI=áå=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=áë=ÖáîÉå=~Äçìí=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåJ
íêáÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=ÉñáëíáåÖ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=ïÜÉå=êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=~îçáÇ=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëK==

_ÉäÖáìãW=qÜÉ=ãçëí=éêçãáåÉåí=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=áå=_ÉäÖáìã=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=íÜ~í=~êÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=
ÜáêáåÖ= éêçÅÉëë= áë= íÜÉ= ãçÇÉêåáë~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ëóëíÉãK= fí= ïáää= ÄÉ= ãçîÉÇ= íç= ~å= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ= êÉÖáëíê~íáçå=
ëóëíÉãI=ïáíÜ=~=Ñìää=êÉãçî~ä=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=é~éÉê=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=Ñçêã~äáíáÉëI=íç=
êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=~åÇ=íç=êÉãçîÉ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=é~éÉê=~åÇ=íç=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=íÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=~ää=
NMM
ëçÅá~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áåíç=çåÉ=Ç~í~Ä~ëÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=ïáää=íÜÉå=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=~ää=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉãK =

aÉåã~êâW=qÜÉ=~ééêç~ÅÜ=íç=É~ëÉ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=éçëÉÇ=çå=Ñáêãë=áå=aÉåã~êâ=ïçêâë=áå=ëìÅÜ=~=ï~ó=íÜ~í=
ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~êÉ=í~êÖÉíÉÇ=~í=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Öêçìéë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=Ü~åÇäÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëX=
íÜáë=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=~ééäáÉë=íç=ä~êÖÉ=ÑáêãëK=cáêãë=íÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=äáâÉ=íç=Ü~åÇäÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëI=Äìí=
åÉÉÇ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=~Äçìí=Üçï=íç=Çç=ëç=~åÇ=Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=Çç=åçí=ï~åí=íç=Ü~åÇäÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉëK=
NMN
qÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=éêáã~êáäó=ëã~ää=Åçãé~åáÉëK =

cáåä~åÇW=t~óë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=ÉãéäçóÉê=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=pçÅá~ä=^ÑÑ~áêë=
~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜI=íÜÉ=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=cáå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóK=qÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=~=éêçéçë~ä=çå=ëáãéäáJ
NMO
ÑóáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉê=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=áå=gìäó=OMMNK ==

cê~åÅÉW=få=~=Äêç~ÇÉê=~ééêç~ÅÜI=NT=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=~ééäáÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=jáåáëíêó=áå=ÅÜ~êÖÉ=çÑ=bÅçåçãóI=cáå~åÅÉ=
~åÇ= fåÇìëíêó= áå= NVVT=~åÇ= NVVU= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= ëáãéäáÑó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= Ñçê= pjbë= ïáíÜ= êÉëéÉÅí= íç= î~êáçìë=
NMP
éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=cáå~åÅÉ=i~ï=mêçàÉÅíK =

cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=áå=cê~åÅÉ=íÜÉêÉ=ïáää=ÄÉ=~=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ÅÉåíêÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ëÉÅíçê=íç=ÜÉäé=Ñáêãë=áå=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ã~ííÉêëK=qÜìëI=íÜÉ=NOO=MMM=Ñáêãë=áå=íÜÉ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ëÉÅíçê=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=íç=ëéÉåÇ=äÉëë=íáãÉ=íç=ÅçãJ
éäÉíÉ=íÜÉ=ÜáêáåÖ=Ñçêã~äáíáÉëI=íç=ã~å~ÖÉ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëìÄëÅêáéíáçåë=~åÇ=é~ó=ëÜÉÉíëI=~åÇ=íÜÉó=ïáää=åçí=êáëâ=ÄÉáåÖ=éìåJ
áëÜÉÇ=Ñçê=åçí=Ü~îáåÖ=ÇÉÅä~êÉÇ=~=ï~ÖÉJÉ~êåÉêK=

dÉêã~åóW= páåÅÉ= NVVV= íÜÉêÉ= áë= ~= éêçàÉÅí= Öêçìé= Ñçê= ÚÇáëã~åíäáåÖ= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåëÛ= EÚmêçàÉâíÖêìééÉ= ^ÄÄ~ì=
îçå= _Ïêçâê~íáÉÛF= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= cÉÇÉê~ä= jáåáëíêó= çÑ= bÅçåçãáÅë= ~åÇ= qÉÅÜåçäçÖóI= ïÜáÅÜ= áå= ÅçJçéÉê~íáçå= ïáíÜ=
íÜÉ= ÄìëáåÉëë= Åçããìåáíó= íêáÉë= íç= áÇÉåíáÑó= ~åÇ= Çáëã~åíäÉ= ìååÉÅÉëë~êó= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= ÄìêÇÉåë= çå= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK= ^å=
áåáíá~ä= êÉëìäí= çÑ= íÜÉáê= ïçêâ= áë= íÜÉ= ~ÖêÉÉãÉåí= ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= áåëìê~åÅÉ= ÑìåÇë= íç= ëí~åÇ~êÇáëÉ= íÜÉ= Ñçêãë= áå=
NMQ
çêÇÉê=íç=êÉäáÉîÉ=Ñáêãë=Ñêçã=~=ÅçåëáÇÉê~ÄäÉ=ÄìêÇÉåK =

lå=ÄÉÜ~äÑ=çÑ=íÜÉ=aÉìíëÅÜÉ=^ìëÖäÉáÅÜëÄ~åâ=Eaí^F=J=íÜÉ=ã~áå=dÉêã~å=éìÄäáÅ=ëìééçêí=Ä~åâ=~åÇ=éêçîáÇÉê=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=
ëìééçêí=ëÉêîáÅÉë=J=íÜÉ=_ìêÉ~ìÅê~Åó=fåÑç=qççä=EÚ_Ïêçâê~íáÉ=fåÑç=qççä=_KfKqKÛF=áë=ÅìêêÉåíäó=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~ë=~=ìëÉêJÑêáÉåÇäó=

NMM== qÜÉ=ëóëíÉã=ïáää=ÄÉ=ãçÇÉêåáëÉÇ=áå= íÜêÉÉ= ëíÉéëW=íÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Eafjlk^FI=íÜÉ=ãìäíáÑìåÅíáçå~ä=pp=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=EajcF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=

ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=êáëâë=Eaop=~åÇ=^aopFK=cçê=ãçêÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=fffKPK=
NMN== qÜÉ=ëçäìíáçåë=áåÅäìÇÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=fqJÄ~ëÉÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåí=çÑ=~=ÅÉêíáÑáÉÇ=åÉíïçêâ=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=ëÉêîáÅÉ=ëìééäáÉêë=ïÜÉêÉ=Åçãé~åáÉë=ïáíÜ=ìé=íç=
íÉå=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ã~ó=çìíëçìêÅÉ=íÜÉáê=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÇìíáÉëK=qÜÉ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåí=áë=åçí=éÉêã~åÉåíI=~ë=áí=Ü~ë=ÉäÉãÉåíë=çÑ=ëìééçêí=~ë=íÜÉ=Åçãé~åáÉë=ã~ó=êÉÅÉáîÉ=Ñáå~åÅá~ä=
áåÅÉåíáîÉë=íç=áåîÉëí=áå=fqJÄ~ëÉÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=~åÇ=êÉÖáëíê~íáçå=íççäëK==
NMO== qÜÉ=éêçéçë~ä=áåÅäìÇÉë=~=éçêí~ä=Ñçê=Å~êêóáåÖ=çìí=ÉãéäçóÉê=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=áå=îÉêó=ëã~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëK=qÜÉ=ëóëíÉã=ïçìäÇ=Éå~ÄäÉ=áåëìê~åÅÉI=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=é~óãÉåí=Ñçê=
ï~ÖÉëI=í~ñÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=ÉãéäçóÉê=é~óãÉåíë=~åÇ=ïçìäÇ=í~âÉ=Å~êÉ=çÑ=ãçåíÜäó=~åÇ=óÉ~êäó=~ååçìåÅÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=í~ñ=çÑÑáÅÉ=~åÇ=áåëìê~åÅÉ=Åçãé~åáÉëK=qÜÉ=çíÜÉê=~ëéÉÅí=çÑ=
íÜÉ=éêçéçë~ä=áë=~=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=áå=íÜÉ=í~ñ=~ÅÅçìåíáåÖ=ëóëíÉãI=ïÜáÅÜ=ïçìäÇ=ÅçãÄáåÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=é~óãÉåíë=ëç=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íê~åë~Åíáçåë=ïçìäÇ=ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉK=
NMP== `Ü~êò~íI=jKI=oÉéçêí=íç=íÜÉ=cáêëí=jáåáëíÉê=çå=íÜÉ=~ííê~ÅíáîÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=cêÉåÅÜ=íÉêêáíçêóI=gìäó=OMMNK=
NMQ== bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ÑìêíÜÉê=ëìÅÅÉëëÉë=~êÉ=íÜÉ=êÉãçî~ä=çÑ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=íç=ëìÄãáí=ëí~íáëíáÅëI=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=åÉï=íÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉëI=íÜÉ=ãçÇÉä=éêçàÉÅí=íç=ìëÉ=åÉï=íÉÅÜåçäçÖáÉë=Ñçê=~ÇãáåJ
áëíê~íáîÉ=éìêéçëÉëI=íÜÉ=íê~åëÑÉê=çÑ=çÑÑáÅá~ä=í~ëâë=íç=í~ñ=Åçåëìäí~åíë=~åÇ=ëáãéäÉê=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=íç=ÅÜÉÅâ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=bom=äç~åëK=

RR=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

áåíÉêåÉíJÇ~í~Ä~åâ= Ñçê= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ïÜáÅÜ= Ü~îÉ= íç= ÄÉ= çÄëÉêîÉÇ= Äó= Ñáêãë= ÉåÅçãé~ëëáåÖI= ~ãçåÖ=
çíÜÉêëI= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= ä~Äçìê= ~åÇ= ëçÅá~ä= ä~ï= êÉä~íÉÇ= áëëìÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíóI= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= ~ë= ïÉää= ~ë=
NMR NMS
ï~ÖÉ=í~ñÉëK=qÜÉ=_KfKqK=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ÅÅÉëëáÄäÉ=îá~=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí =~åÇ=ïáää=ëí~êí=íç=çéÉê~íÉ=áå=OMMOK =

fêÉä~åÇW=qÜÉ=fêáëÜ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=~=éêçÖê~ããÉ=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íçêó=êÉÑçêã=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íÜ~í=~áãë=íç=~ÅÜáÉîÉ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=áå=gìäó=NVVVK=qÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉëI=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ=áå=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íç=É~ëÉ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=
ÄìêÇÉå=çå=ëã~ää=ÄìëáåÉëëI=~êÉ=åçí=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääó=~åÇ=å~êêçïäó=ÑçÅìëÉÇ=çå=äÉÖ~ä=áëëìÉë=ïÜÉå=ÜáêáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=Äìí=
íÜÉó=~ÇÇêÉëë=~=Äêç~ÇÉê=ëÉí=çÑ=ÅçåÅÉêåëK=

kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW=^ää=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=~ÖÉåÅáÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÅçãÄáåÉÇ=áå=g~åì~êó=OMMO=áåíç=~=ëáåÖäÉ=çêÖ~åáë~J
NMT
íáçåI=íÜÉ=bãéäçóÉÉ=fåëìê~åÅÉ=båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=^ÖÉåÅóK =aÉí~áäë=ëç=Ñ~ê=~êÉ=åçí=âåçïå=Äìí=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~åÇ=
~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÑÑáÅÉë=íÜ~í=ëìÄãáí=Ç~í~=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~êÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇK=

mçêíìÖ~äW= pÉîÉê~ä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ~ÇçéíÉÇ= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= ëáãéäáÑó= íÜÉ= äÉÖ~ä= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= áå= íÜÉ= ÜáêáåÖ= éêçÅÉëëK=
táíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉDë=êÉÖáëíê~íáçå=ïáíÜ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíóI=~å=ÉãéäçóÉê=Å~å=Ççïåäç~Ç=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=Ñçêãë=~åÇ=
ëÉåÇ= íÜÉã= çåäáåÉ= íç= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ= ~ìíÜçêáíóK= ^åçíÜÉê= áãéçêí~åí= ëáãéäáÑóáåÖ= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= íÜ~í= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ= áå=
OMMN=áëI=íÜ~í=Ñáêãë=Ü~îÉ=íç=êÉéçêí=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëÛ=êÉãìåÉê~íáçå=ëÜÉÉíë=íç=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=Äó=ÇáÖáí~ä=çê=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=
NMU
ãÉ~åëK =få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=~=åÉíïçêâ=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=ëçäáÇ~êáíó=ëÜçéë=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÅçîÉê=íÜÉ=
ÉåíáêÉ= Åçìåíêó= Äó= íÜÉëÉ= ëÉêîáÅÉëK= qÜÉ= ~áã= áë= íç= ÄÉ= äçÅ~ääó= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñçê= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= ~åÇ= íÜìëI= Ñ~Åáäáí~íáåÖ= íÜÉáê=
êÉä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=éìÄäáÅ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=áëëìÉë=~êÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=çÑ=áåÑçêã~J
íáçåI=ëìééçêí=~åÇ=~ÇîáÅÉK=
NMV
pé~áåW=^ë=~=êÉëìäí=çÑ=íÜÉ=äÉÖ~ä=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=pé~áåI=~=åÉï=ïÉÄ=ëáíÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ä~ìåÅÜÉÇ=áå=pÉéíÉãÄÉê=OMMN I=ïÜáÅÜ=
áåíÉÖê~íÉë= ëÉêîáÅÉë=~åÇ= ÅçåíÉåíë= Ñêçã= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ÇÉé~êíãÉåíëK= rëÉêë= Å~å= ~äêÉ~Çó=Ççïåäç~Ç= ìé= íç= NMM= Ñçêãë= ~åÇ=
Å~êêó=çìí=~ë=ã~åó=~ë=QV=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíóI=áåÅçãÉ=í~ñ=é~óãÉåí=~åÇ=çíÜÉêëK=qÜáë=ïÉÄ=ëáíÉ=ïáää=
ÑìåÅíáçå=~ë=~=çåÉJëíçé=ëÜçé=ïÜÉêÉ=ÅáíáòÉåë=~åÇ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Å~å=Å~êêó=çìí=ìé=íç=NRM=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=çåJ
äáåÉI=~îçáÇáåÖ= íÜÉ=Ü~ëëäÉ= çÑ=Ü~îáåÖ= íç= Öç= íç=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= áåëíáíìíáçåë= áå=éÉêëçåK= ^ë= Ñ~ê=~ë= íÜÉ=ÜáêáåÖ= çÑ= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= áë=
ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇI=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=àçÄ=Åçåíê~Åíë=~åÇ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=áë=éêçîáÇÉÇK=

pïÉÇÉåW=lîÉê=íÜÉ=åÉñí=íÜêÉÉ=óÉ~êë=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÇÉ~äí=ïáíÜK=^=ëéÉÅá~ä=ìåáí=
áå= íÜÉ= jáåáëíêó= çÑ= fåÇìëíêóI= íÜÉ= páãéäÉñ= aáîáëáçå= ï~ë= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ= áå= NVVU= íç= éêçãçíÉ= ÄÉííÉê= êÉÖìä~íáçå= ~åÇ= íç=
NNM
ëÅêÉÉå=~åÇ=ãçåáíçê=~ää=åÉï=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK =^åçíÜÉê=áãéçêí~åí=í~ëâ=áë=íÜÉ=ÅçJçéÉê~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=çå=Üçï=
íç=ëáãéäáÑó=ÉñáëíáåÖ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=Ñçêã~ä=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ñçê=éìÄäáÅ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=íç=ÑçääçïK=
kç= ~ìíÜçêáíó= çê= ÅÉåíê~ä= ~ÖÉåÅó= áë= ~ääçïÉÇ= íç= áåáíá~íÉ= ~= åÉï= êÉÖìä~íáçå= ïáíÜçìí= ÇçáåÖ= ~= Å~äÅìä~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= Åçëíë=
êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñçê=pjbëK==

pïáíòÉêä~åÇW=qÜÉ=å~íáçå~ä=éêçàÉÅí=Ú^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=oÉäáÉÑ=Ñçê=pjbëÛ=áë=ëìééçëÉÇ=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=ÑáêãëD=ÄìêÇÉå=ïáíÜ=
êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=éçëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=dÉåÉê~ääóI=pïáëë=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=åçí=çåäó=íêó=íç=êÉJ
ÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=ÉñáëíáåÖ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåëI=Äìí=íÜÉó=~äëç=íêó=íç=éêÉîÉåí=íÜÉ=áãéçëáíáçå=çÑ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÄìêÇÉåëI=ÉãJ
NNN
éäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉë=ÄÉáåÖ=é~êí=çÑ=áíK =

fffKOK= ^î~áä~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=çê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=
fí=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=êÉÅçÖåáëÉÇ=íÜ~í=ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=ÅÜçëÉå=áå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅçìåíêáÉë=ÇÉéÉåÇ=çå=íÜÉ=éêáçêáíáÉë=ÇÉÑáåÉÇ=
áå= É~ÅÜ= ÅçìåíêóK= qÜÉëÉ= éêáçêáíáÉë= çÑ= ÅçìêëÉ= êÉéêÉëÉåí= íÜÉ= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ëáíì~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ê~åÖÉ= çÑ=
éçäáÅáÉë=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=ëÉí=çìí=áå=íÜÉ=k~íáçå~ä=^Åíáçå=mä~åëK=_ÉäçïI=ëìééçêí=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~êÉ=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=íÜÉó=
Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= éìí= áå= éä~ÅÉ= ~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ= iìñÉãÄçìêÖ= gçÄë= pìããáí= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= ÖáîÉ= ëçãÉ= ëìééçêí= íç= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ïÜÉå=
êÉÅêìáíáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

NMR== qÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ëí~êíÉêI=~å=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÑÑáÅÉê=çê=~=Åçåëìäí~åí=ÇÉäáîÉêë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=ã~áå=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=EÉKÖK=íóéÉ=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=~ÅíáîáJ
íáÉëI=äÉÖ~ä=ÑçêãI=åìãÄÉê=~åÇ=âáåÇë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=éêÉãáëÉëI=ã~ÅÜáåÉë=~åÇ=ÉèìáéãÉåíF=~ë=áåéìí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=áåèìáêóK=
NMS== ^ãçåÖ=çíÜÉê=íÜáåÖë=íÜÉ=_KfKqK=ïáää=éêçîáÇÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çåW=ENF=íÜçëÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ= êÉäÉî~åí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Å~ëÉI=EOF=ÅçãéÉíÉåí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÑÑáÅÉë=~åÇ=
çíÜÉê=áåëíáíìíáçåëI=EPF=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Ñçêãë=~åÇ=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ëìÄãáííÉÇI=EQF=éçëëáÄäÉ=ÇáëÅêÉíáçå~êó=êáÖÜíë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=âÉéí=áå=
ãáåÇ=~åÇ=ERF=Åçåí~Åí=é~êíåÉêë=Ñçê=ÑìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçåK=
NMT== ráíîçÉêáåÖëáåëíáíììí=tÉêâåÉãÉêëîÉêòÉâÉêáåÖÉå=ErtsFK=
NMU= qÜáë=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=Öê~Çì~ääó=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇI=ÄÉáåÖ=~í=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=çåäó=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=NMM=ÉãéäçóÉÉëX=áå=^éêáä=OMMO=áí=ïáää=ÄÉ=çÄäáÖ~íçêó=
Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=OM=~åÇ=áå=gìäó=OMMO=Ñçê=íÜçëÉ=ïÜç=Éãéäçó=NM=íç=OM=ïçêâÉêëK=
NMV== ïïïK~Çãáåáëíê~ÅáçåKÉëK=
NNM== qÜÉ=äÉÖ~ä=Ä~ëÉ=Ñçê=íÜáë=áë= íÜÉ=páãéiÉñ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Epcp=NVVUWNUOMFK=låÅÉ=~=óÉ~ê=íÜÉ=páãéiÉñ=dêçìé=ïêáíÉë=~=êÉéçêí=íç=m~êäá~ãÉåí=çå=Üçï=íÜÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=áë=ÄÉáåÖ=
áãéäÉãÉåíÉÇ=~í=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ÅÉåíê~ä=~ÖÉåÅáÉëK=qÜÉ=áÇÉ~=áë=~äëç=íç=ã~âÉ=ëáãáä~ê=Å~äÅìä~íáçåë=Ñçê=ä~ïë=áåëíáíìíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ãáåáëíêáÉëK=
NNN= _êìåÉííáI=^KI=kK=t~ääÉêíI=^K^K=ÇÉ=`Ü~ãÄáêÉêI= _K=oáÖ~ëëáI=eJoK=cêÏÜ=Éí=~äKI=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=êÉäáÉÑ=aÉêÉÖìä~íáçå=EÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=~êíáÅäÉëFI=áåW=aáÉ=sçäâëïáêíëÅÜ~Ñí=ULOMMMI=_ÉêåI=
OMMMK=

RS=
 ^ååÉñ=fff=J=fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=

få=ÖÉåÉê~äI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=åìãÉêçìë=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=äáâÉ=`Ü~ãÄÉêë=çÑ=`çããÉêÅÉ=~åÇ=`ê~ÑíI=cÉÇÉê~íáçå=çÑ=båíêÉéêÉåÉìêëI=
bãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=_ìëáåÉëë=`ÉåíêÉëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=fåëéÉÅíçê~íÉë=~åÇ=q~ñ=lÑÑáÅÉë=ÉíÅK=íÜ~í=éêçJ
îáÇÉ=Ñáêãë=ïáíÜ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=áëëìÉëK=qÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ëÉÅíáçå=áë=íç=ÖáîÉ=~å=çîÉêîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=
áåáíá~íáîÉëI=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=ïçêíÜ=ãÉåíáçåáåÖI=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉëK=
NNO
^ìëíêá~W=qÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=fåëìê~åÅÉ=éêçîáÇÉë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=~ää=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉë=çå=áíë=ïÉÄëáíÉK =qÜÉ=êÉÖJ
áëíê~íáçå=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=J=ïÜç=Ü~ë=íç=ÄÉ=êÉÖáëíÉêÉÇI=ÇÉ~ÇäáåÉëI=Ä~ëáë=Ñçê=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåëI=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=êÉäÉî~åí=ä~ïëI=ÉíÅK=
J=~êÉ=ÅçîÉêÉÇK=qÜÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=ê~íÜÉê=ëìÄëí~åíá~ä=~åÇ=ìëÉêJçêáÉåíÉÇK==

qÜÉ= ^ìëíêá~å= mìÄäáÅ= bãéäçóãÉåí= pÉêîáÅÉ= E^jpF= Ü~ë= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ= ~= ëçJÅ~ääÉÇ= ÚgçÄ= oççãÛ= Ñçê= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= çå= áíë=
NNP
ÜçãÉé~ÖÉ = ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉó= Å~å= éä~ÅÉ= àçÄ= ~ÇîÉêíáëÉãÉåíë= çå= íÜÉ= fåíÉêåÉí= ~åÇ= äççâ= Ñçê= ëìáí~ÄäÉ= ~ééäáÅ~åíë= ~äêÉ~Çó=
êÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=^jpK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=íÜÉ=ÜçãÉé~ÖÉ=éêçîáÇÉë=~=ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=äáåâë=íç=êÉÅêìáíÉêëI=íê~áåáåÖ=áåëíáJ
íìíÉëI=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=äçÄÄáÉëI=ãáåáëíêáÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=íÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=ïÜÉå=ÜáêáåÖ=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=qÜÉ=
^jp=~äëç=áåÑçêãë=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=~Äçìí=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=íÜÉó=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÖÉí=ïÜÉå=íÜÉó=Éãéäçó=çäÇÉê=éÉêëçåëI=~éJ
éêÉåíáÅÉëI=ÉíÅK=

_ÉäÖáìãW= pìééçêí= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= áå= _ÉäÖáìã= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ÅçãéäÉíÉäó= í~âÉå= çîÉê= Äó= íÜÉ= ÚiáÅÉåëÉÇ= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅêÉí~êá~íëÛK=
qÜÉëÉ=~êÉ=éêáî~íÉ=åçåJéêçÑáí=ëÉÅíçê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=íÜ~í=Çç=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=ï~ÖÉ=~åÇ=éÉêëçååÉä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëÉêîáÅÉë=
NNQ
Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÑáêãëK =eáëíçêáÅ~ääó=íÜÉëÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=~êÉ=~å=çÑÑëÜççí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=íÜ~í=ÉãéäçóÉê=ìåáçåë=éêçîáÇÉÇ=íç=
íÜÉáê=ãÉãÄÉêëK=qÜÉëÉ=éÉêëçååÉä=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=ëÉêîáÅÉ=ÇÉé~êíãÉåíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=ìåáçåë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉ=áåÇÉJ
éÉåÇÉåí=åçåJéêçÑáí=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=íÜ~í=í~âÉ=çîÉê=~å=ÉîÉêJáåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=å~íáçå~ä=éÉêëçååÉä=~åÇ=ï~ÖÉ=~ÇJ
ãáåáëíê~íáçå=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑáêãëK=jçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=pjbë=Å~ååçí=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=
NNR
~åóãçêÉ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=íçç=ÅçãéäÉñ=~åÇ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=~êÉ=ÉîÉå=áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖK =fí=áë=çåäó=íÜÉ=ä~êÖÉê=pjbë=íÜ~í=ëíáää=
Ü~åÇäÉ=íÜÉáê=çïå=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=ÑêÉèìÉåíäó=ìëáåÖ=ìéÇ~íÉÇ=Åçëíäó=ëçÑíï~êÉ=é~Åâ~ÖÉë=~åÇ=çÑ=ÅçìêëÉ=íÜÉ=îÉêó=ä~êÖÉ=
NNS
Ñáêãë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=~å=áåíÉêå~ä=éÉêëçååÉä=ÇÉé~êíãÉåíK ==

qÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ãÉãÄÉêë=áå=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅêÉí~êá~íë=áë=ëíáää=êáëáåÖK=qÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅêÉí~êá~íë=~êÉ=íÜìë=áå=íÜÉ=ãáÇÇäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=
íêá~åÖäÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêI=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=~åÇ=ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉ=~åÇ=éÉêJ
ëçååÉä=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=áë=Ü~åÇÉÇ=çîÉê=íç=íÜÉã=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=íê~åëÑÉê=çÑ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ÅçêêÉÅíJ
åÉëë= çÑ= íÜÉ= íê~åë~Åíáçåë= ïáíÜ= ÄçíÜ= íÜÉ= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÉãéäçóÉÉK= qÜÉ= iáÅÉåëÉÇ= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅêÉí~êá~íë= áå= Ñ~Åí=
Ñ~Åáäáí~íÉ=~å=ÉñíêÉãÉäó=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=ëóëíÉãK=

aÉåã~êâW= qÜÉ= Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåí= çÑ= îáêíì~ä= êÉÖáçå~ä= Åçåí~Åí= éçáåíë= Ñçê= ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= ìëáåÖ= íÜÉ= çåÉJëíçéJëÜçé= ÅçåJ
ÅÉéí=ïÜÉêÉ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=éìÄäáÅ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~êÉ=êÉéêÉëÉåíÉÇ=áë=íÜÉ=ãçëí=êÉÅÉåí=âáåÇ=çÑ=ëìééçêí=áå=aÉåã~êâK=qÜÉëÉ=
Åçåí~Åí=éçáåíë=éêçîáÇÉ=~=ëìééçêí=ëÉêîáÅÉ=Ñçê=Ñáêãë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ÜáêáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=íççK==

cáåä~åÇW=qÜÉ=pÉêîáÅÉ=`ÉåíêÉ=éêçîáÇÉë=~=ÅçìåëÉääáåÖ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=~åÇ=ÜÉäé=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉë=Ñçê=
NNT
ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáíÜ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=íÉå=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK =^å=ÉãéäçóÉê=ã~ó=~äëç=~ëâL~ééçáåí=íÜÉ=pÉêîáÅÉ=`ÉåíêÉ=íç=í~âÉ=Å~êÉ=çÑ=
NNU
~ää= íÜÉ= é~éÉê= ïçêâK = kìãÉêçìë= äçÄÄóáåÖ= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëI= `Éåíê~ä= mÉåëáçå= pÉÅìêáíó= fåëíáíìíÉI= bãéäçóãÉåí= ~åÇ=
_ìëáåÉëë=`ÉåíêÉë=Ejáåáëíêó=çÑ=bãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=qê~ÇÉ=~åÇ=fåÇìëíêóFI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=
NNV
fåëéÉÅíçê~íÉë=~åÇ=q~ñ=lÑÑáÅÉë=~äëç=éêçîáÇÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=ÑêÉÉK =cáååáëÜ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=ïáää=éìÄäáëÜ=
ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ÄáåÇáåÖ=ÅçääÉÅíáîÉ=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=~ÖêÉÉãÉåíë=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉó=ïáää=ÄÉ=êÉ~Ç~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=éêáåí~ÄäÉ=Äó=
NOM
íÜÉ=ÉåÇ=çÑ=OMMOK =

cê~åÅÉW=qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íïç=ïÉÄëáíÉë=J=çåÉ=Äó=~=åÉíïçêâ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ÄÉáåÖ=~=éçêí~ä=ëáíÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cêÉåÅÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=
éä~ÅÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíI=ÄçíÜ=Ü~îáåÖ=ÄÉÉå=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=ëç=~ë=íç= íêÉ~í=ê~éáÇäó=íÜÉ=ÑáêãëÛ=êÉèìÉëíë=áå=~åó=Ççã~áå=íÜÉó=
NON
ã~ó=Ü~îÉ=èìÉëíáçåëK =^=Ñáêã=ã~ó=ëÉåÇ=~å=ÉJã~áä=~åÇ=íÜÉå=êÉÅÉáîÉë=ê~éáÇäó=íÜÉ=êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçåK=qÜÉ=åÉíJ
ïçêâ=Ñáêëí=ï~ë=~=éáäçí=éêçàÉÅí=áå=íïç=cêÉåÅÜ=êÉÖáçåë=ïáíÜ=NP=ÇÉé~êíãÉåíë=ëí~êíáåÖ=áå=OMMN=~åÇ=áë=åçï=ÖçáåÖ=íç=ÄÉ=
~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íÜêçìÖÜçìí=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêóI=ÑêÉÉ=çÑ=ÅÜ~êÖÉK=qÜÉ=éçêí~ä=ëáíÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=cêÉåÅÜ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=éêçîáÇÉë=~ää=~ÇãáåáëJ
íê~íáîÉ=Ñçêãë=ÇÉ~äáåÖ=ïáíÜ=ÄìëáåÉëë=êÉä~íÉÇ=ã~ííÉêëK=fåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=íÜÉ=ëìééçêí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=~ë=

NNO== ïïïKïÖââK~í=~åÇ=ïïïKëçòîÉêëK~íK=
NNP== ïïïK~ãëKçêK~íK=
NNQ== sÉêó=ÑÉï=pjbë=Çç=íÜÉáê=çïå=éÉêëçååÉä=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëI=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Å~äÅìä~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉëI=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=
ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïáíÜÜçäÇáåÖ=í~ñ=çå=ï~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=ãçåíÜäó=çê=èì~êíÉêäó=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåëK=
NNR== kçíÉ=íÜ~í=~ÅÅçìåí~åíë=åç=äçåÖÉê=Çç=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉ=~åÇ=éÉêëçååÉä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ÇìÉ=íç=áíë=ÅçãéäÉñáíóK=
NNS== råáÉ=î~å=ÇÉ=ÉêâÉåÇÉ=ëçÅá~äÉ=ëÉÅêÉí~êá~íÉå=î~å=ïÉêâÖÉîÉêëI=eÉí=ÉêâÉåÇ=ëçÅá~~ä=ëÉÅêÉí~êá~~í=EqÜÉ=iáÅÉåëÉÇ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅêÉí~êá~íFI=_êìëëÉäëI=OMMNK=
NNT== qÉäÉéÜçåÉ=ÅçìåëÉääáåÖ=EUÜ=J=NSKNRÜF=Åçëíë=N=bìêçLãáåìíÉ=H=äçÅ~ä=Å~ää=ÑÉÉK=
NNU== få=OMMNI=Åçëíë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=EêÉÖìä~ê=ÑìääJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåíF=~ãçìåíÉÇ=íç=QPITP=bìêçK=
NNV= cçê= Éñ~ãéäÉ= íÜÉ= cÉÇÉê~íáçå= çÑ= cáååáëÜ= båíêÉéêÉåÉìêë= Ü~ë= ~= éçêí~ä= EoÉÑÉêÉåÅÉW= ÜííéWLLïïïKóêáíí~à~íKÑáF= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ÚbãéäçóÉêë= ^_`Û= ïÜáÅÜ= éêçîáÇÉë= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå=
ÖÉåÉê~ääó=ÄáåÇáåÖ=ÅçääÉÅíáîÉ=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖ=~ÖêÉÉãÉåíëI=Å~äÉåÇ~ê=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=óÉ~ê=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=ï~ÖÉëK=
NOM= cáååáëÜ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíë=êÉÖìä~íáçå=Ç~í~=Ä~åâ=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉí=ÜííéWLLïïïKÑáåäÉñKÑáI=êÉ~Ç=OOåÇ=lÅíçÄÉê=OMMNK=
NON= ÜííéWLLïïïKãáåáåÑçKãáåÉÑáKÖçìîKÑê=~åÇ=ÜííéWLLïïïKëÉêîáÅÉJéìÄäáÅKÑêK=

RT
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

ïÉää= ~ë= ~= ÖìáÇÉ= íç= êÉÅêìáíãÉåí= áë= éêçîáÇÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= k~íáçå~ä= bãéäçóãÉåí= ^ÖÉåÅó= EÚ^ÖÉåÅÉ= k~íáçå~äÉ= mçìê=
NOO
äÛbãéäçáÛFK =

dÉêã~åóW=qÜÉ=cÉÇÉê~ä=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=i~Äçìê=çÑÑÉêë=~=Åçãéáä~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ä~ïë=áå=íÜÉ=ÑáÉäÇë=çÑ=ä~Äçìê=
äÉÖáëä~íáçåI=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=~=ä~êÖÉ=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ÄêçÅÜìêÉë=çå=ä~Äçìê=~åÇ=
ëçÅá~ä=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=áëëìÉë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=Ççïåäç~ÇÉÇK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=ãçêÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=Ñçê=
Å~ëÉJëéÉÅáÑáÅ= áåèìáêáÉëI= ëÉîÉê~ä=ÜÉäéJäáåÉë= EÚ_ÏêÖÉêíÉäÉÑçåÛF= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇK= qÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ëÉîÉå= ëÉé~ê~íÉ= ÜÉäéJ
NOP
äáåÉë=íÜ~í=ÑçÅìë=É~ÅÜ=çå=~=ëáåÖäÉ=íçéáÅK =

^ää=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=áåëíáíìíáçåëI=ïÜáÅÜ=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=Åçåí~ÅíÉÇ=Äó=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÜáêáåÖ=éêçÅÉëëI=~äëç=çÑÑÉê=áåÑçêJ
ã~íáçå=~åÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK=qÜÉáê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëÉêîáÅÉë=~êÉ=ÑêÉÉ=çÑ=ÅÜ~êÖÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêëK=eçïÉîÉêI=~ää=
ÖáîÉå=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=ìëì~ääó=êÉëíêáÅíÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ëÅçéÉ=çÑ=ÇìíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=áåëíáíìíáçåëK=

eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=éêÉëÉåí=íÜÉ=ãçëí=ÅçãéäÉñ=~åÇ=çÄëÅìêÉ=äÉÖ~ä=ÑáÉäÇë=áå=dÉêã~åóK=bîÉå=Ñçê=ÉñéÉêíë=áí=áë=
~í=íáãÉë=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=~å=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Å~ëÉK=få=çêÇÉê=íç=í~ÅâäÉ=íÜáë=
éêçÄäÉã=~å=ÉãéäçóÉê=Å~å=ÖÉí=Åçåëìäí~åÅó=Äó=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÉñéÉêíë=íÜ~í=ÜÉ=Ü~ë=íç=é~ó=Ñçê=çê=ÜÉ=é~êíáÅáé~íÉë=
çåÅÉ=~=óÉ~ê=áå=íïç=ëÉãáå~êë=J=íÜÉ=ëç=Å~ääÉÇ=ÉãéäçóÉê=ãçÇÉä=EÚråíÉêåÉÜãÉêãçÇÉääÛF=J=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÖÉí=~Åèì~áåíÉÇ=
ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ëìÄàÉÅí=ÜáãëÉäÑK=

qÜÉ= éêáî~íÉ= fåíÉêåÉí= ëÉêîáÅÉ= Úä~Äçìê= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= Ñçê= ÑêÉÉÛ= EÚ^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜí= Q= ÑêÉÉÛF= çÑÑÉêë= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= NR=MMM= é~ÖÉë= çÑ=
NOQ
ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ= ëéÉÅá~äáëÉÇ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= ä~Äçìê= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= áëëìÉëK = qÜÉ= ëÉêîáÅÉ= áåÅäìÇÉë= ~å= ìéÇ~íÉÇ= Ç~í~Ä~åâ= çÑ=
ä~Äçìê=ä~ïëI=~ééêçñK=OMM=ãçÇÉä=Åçåíê~ÅíëI=~ééêçñK=QRM=ÅçããÉåíÉÇ=ä~Äçìê=Åçìêí=ÇÉÅáëáçåë=~åÇ=~ééêçñK=PM=é~êíäó=
NOR
áåíÉê~ÅíáîÉ=ÅÜÉÅâäáëíë=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=êÉÅÉåí=ÉñéÉêí=~å~äóëÉë=~åÇ=ÜáåíëK =

kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW= qÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= tçêâáåÖ= `çåÇáíáçåë= pÉêîáÅÉë= E^êÄçÇáÉåëíÉåF= áå= íÜÉ= kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë= ïÜÉêÉ= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= ÉãJ
éäçóáåÖ= ëí~ÑÑ= ~êÉ= çÄäáÖÉÇ= íç= ~ÅÅÉéí= íÜÉ= ~ëëáëí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~= ÅÉêíáÑáÉÇ= tçêâáåÖ= `çåÇáíáçåë= pÉêîáÅÉ= íç= Åçãéäó= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ=
çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= ëíáéìä~íÉÇ=Äó= íÜÉ= tçêâáåÖ= `çåÇáíáçåë= ^ÅíK=tçêâáåÖ= `çåÇáíáçåë= pÉêîáÅÉë= ~êÉ= ÅçããÉêÅá~ä= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉëI=
~åÇ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=é~ó=ÑÉÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=ëÉêîáÅÉëK=

båíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=Çç=åçí=Ü~îÉ=íç=Åçåí~Åí=î~êáçìë=áåëíáíìíáçåë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=jìåáÅáé~äáíóI=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=^ÖÉåJ
ÅáÉë=ErsfëFI=q~ñ=^ìíÜçêáíóI=`Ü~ãÄÉêEëF=çÑ=`çããÉêÅÉI=íÜÉó=ã~ó=ÉáíÜÉê=éÜóëáÅ~ääó=çê=îáêíì~ääó=Åçåí~Åí=íÜÉ=_ìëáåÉëë=
NOS
aÉëâ=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=~=ëáåÖäÉ=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéK=^í=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=íÜêÉÉ=éáäçí=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéëK =
NOT
få= ~ÇÇáíáçåI= íÜÉêÉ= áë= íÜÉ= dçîÉêåãÉåí= aÉëâ= OMMM = ïáíÜ= ~= Åçãéáä~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= îá~= ~= ëáåÖäÉ= ïÉÄëáíÉ= íÜ~í=
ÑìåÅíáçåë=~ë=~=îáêíì~ä=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéK=qÜÉ=Ñêçåí=çÑÑáÅÉ=êÉîÉ~äë=íÜÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êçìíÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=éêáî~íÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=~åÇ=
NOU
íÜÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíI=ïÜáäÉ=íÜÉ=Ä~ÅâJçÑÑáÅÉ=Å~íÉêë=Ñçê=ëíêÉ~ãäáåáåÖK =qÜÉ=áåíÉåíáçå=áë=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=~=å~íáçå=ïáÇÉ=åÉí=çÑ=
çåÉJëíçéJëÜçéë=íÜ~í=ÅçîÉêë=íÜÉ=ÉåíáêÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=é~Åâ~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíK=qÜáë=ÑìíìêÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçé=
NOV
ã~ó=ÄÉ=~ÅÅÉëëÉÇ=ÄçíÜ=éÜóëáÅ~ääó=~åÇ=çåäáåÉK =

mçêíìÖ~äW=qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=ëÉîÉê~ä=çÑÑáÅÉëI=~ÖÉåÅáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉäéJäáåÉë=íÜ~í=çÑÑÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçåI=ëìééçêí=~åÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=íç=ÉåíêÉJ
NPM
éêÉåÉìêëI=ëçãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉã=ÄÉáåÖ=ëéÉÅá~äáëÉÇ=áå=ä~Äçìê=áëëìÉëK =få=~ÇÇáíáçå=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ëÉêîáÅÉ=Ñçê=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=ÉãéäçóJ
Éêë=J=íÜÉ=_ìëáåÉëëÉë=cçêã~äáíáÉë=`ÉåíêÉë=kÉíïçêâI=~=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçé=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ÅêÉ~íáçåK=bãJ
éäçóÉêë=Å~å=çÄí~áå=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=ÜáêáåÖ=áëëìÉë=íÜÉêÉ=çê=Äó=~=ÜÉäéJäáåÉK=

cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= êÉÖáçå~ä= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= åÉíïçêâë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ= íÜ~í= Ü~îÉ= Ü~Ç= Ñìää= íÉêêáíçêá~ä= ÅçîÉê~ÖÉ= ëáåÅÉ=
NPN
OMMMK=qÜÉëÉ=åÉíïçêâë=Åçåëáëí=çÑ=äçÅ~ä=ÄçÇáÉë =áå=çêÇÉê=íç=áÇÉåíáÑó=éêçÄäÉãë=~åÇ=ëÉí=Öç~äë=Ñçê=~Åíáçå=ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ=íç=
NPO
éêçãçíÉ=äçÅ~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK =

NOO== ÜííéWLLïïïK~åéÉKÑêK=
NOP== ENF=çäÇ= ~ÖÉ= éÉåëáçåI= EOF= àçÄë= Ñçê= Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ= éÉçéäÉI= EPF= é~êíJíáãÉ= ~åÇ= Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=é~êíJíáãÉ= ÉãéäçóãÉåíI= ÄçÖìë= ëÉäÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåíI= EQF= ìåÉãéäçóãÉåí= ÄÉåÉÑáíëI=
ÜáêáåÖ=ëìÄëáÇáÉëI=ERF=í~ñ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=Ñçê=çÑÑáÅá~ääó=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéÉêëI=ESF=~ëëÉí=Ñçêã~íáçå=Äó=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~åÇ=ETF=íÜÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉ=ÚNMM=MMM=àçÄë=Ñçê=óçìåÖ=éÉçéäÉÛK=
NOQ== ÜííéWLLïïïK~êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜíQÑêÉÉKÇÉÛK=
NOR== få=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=óÉ~ê=~ÑíÉê=áíë=ëí~êí=áå=j~ó=OMMMI=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=TOR=MMM=ìëÉêë=îáëáíÉÇ=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉÛë=ïÉÄëáíÉI=~ÅÅÉëëáåÖ=áå=íçí~ä=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=íÜêÉÉ=ãáääáçå=é~ÖÉëK=pç=Ñ~êI=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=
N=MMM=ìëÉêë=Ü~îÉ=ëìÄëÅêáÄÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉ…ë=åÉïëäÉííÉêK=
NOS= lå= ÄÉÜ~äÑ= çÑ= íÜÉ= _ìëáåÉëë= aÉëâI= éáäçí= éêçàÉÅíë= áå= dêçåáåÖÉåI= aêÉåíÜÉ= ~åÇ= kççêÇïÉëí= kççêÇJeçää~åÇ= ïÉêÉ= áåáíá~íÉÇK= qÜÉ= éáäçíë= Éåí~áä= é~êíåÉêëÜáéë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ=
kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅ=^ÑÑ~áêëI=íÜÉ=mêçÖê~ãã~ÄìêÉ~ì=lîÉêÜÉáÇëäçâÉí=OMMMI=íÜÉ=^ëëçÅá~íáçå=çÑ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=jìåáÅáé~äáíáÉë=EsÉêÉåáÖáåÖ=î~å=kÉÇÉêä~åÇëÉ=
dÉãÉÉåíÉåF=EskdFI=íÜÉ=^ëëçÅá~íáçå=çÑ=`Ü~ãÄÉêë=çÑ=`çããÉêÅÉI=íÜÉ=q~ñ=^ìíÜçêáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=`çãéäá~åÅÉ=`çëí=`çããáëëáçå=E`çããáëëáÉ=^Çãáåáëíê~íáJ
ÉîÉ=i~ëíÉåFK=
NOT== ElîÉêÜÉáÇëäçâÉí=OMMMF=Eli=OMMMFK=
NOU== räíáã~íÉäóI=li=OMMM=~áãë=~í=íÜÉ=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=çÑ=éìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉëI=áãéäóáåÖ=íÜ~í=ÜìÖÉ=åìãÄÉêë=çÑ=éìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=Ü~îÉ=íç=Åçää~Äçê~íÉK==
NOV== qÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=f`q=~ÑÑÉÅíë=li=OMMM=áå=íÜêÉÉ=ï~óëX=áKÉK=áå=ëìééçêíáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíÉê=çÑÑáÅÉêI=áå=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=áåíÉêÅÜ~åÖÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=Åçää~Äçê~íáåÖ=éìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉëI=~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=
çåäáåÉ=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=éìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉëK=o~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=ÄÉáåÖ=ÉáíÜÉê=~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=éêçàÉÅí=çê=~å=f`q=éêçàÉÅíI=li=OMMM=ëóãÄçäáëÉë=~=ÅçãÄáå~íáçå=çÑ=ÄçíÜK=`çää~Äçê~íáçå=ïáíÜ=
çíÜÉê=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçé=éêçàÉÅíë=áë=ÉÑÑÉÅíÉÇI=~ëI=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=gçáåí=fåÑç=`çìåíÉêK=
NPM== qÜáë=áë=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=i~Äçìê=~åÇ=pçäáÇ~êáíó=ÜÉäéJäáåÉ=íÜ~í=çÑÑÉêë=ÖÉåÉê~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=íÜÉëÉ=áëëìÉëK=_ìí=~äëç=çÑ=íÜáë=ãáåáëíêó=ïÉÄ=é~ÖÉI=Åçåí~áåáåÖ=ìëÉÑìä=
áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=~ää=íÜÉ=ãáåáëíêóÛë=ëÉêîáÅÉë=~åÇ=äáåâë=íç=íÜÉ=ïÉÄ=ëáíÉë=çÑ=íÜçëÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉëK=^=ëéÉÅá~ä=ÑçÅìë=çå=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ïÉÄ=ëáíÉI=ïÜÉêÉ=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Å~å=
çÄí~áå=ãçêÉ=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=íÜÉáê=ÇìíáÉë=~åÇ=êáÖÜíë=çå=ïÜ~í=ÅçåÅÉêåë=ÜáêáåÖ=áíÉãëI=~ëI=Ñçê=áåëí~åÅÉI=êÉäÉî~åí=äÉÖáëä~íáçåI=~ää=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~åÇ=ÇÉ~ÇäáåÉë=íç=
ÄÉ=ÑçääçïÉÇI=~=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíçê=ÖìáÇÉ=EîÉêëáçå=çåJäáåÉ=~åÇ=Ñçê=Ççïåäç~ÇF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Ñçêãë=åÉÉÇÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëÉêJ
îáÅÉëK=
NPN= mìÄäáÅ=ëÉêîáÅÉ=~ÖÉåÅáÉëI=Åçãé~åáÉëI=ãìåáÅáé~äáíáÉëI=êÉÖáçå~ä=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=~ëëçÅá~íáçåëI=åçåJÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=~ëëçÅá~íáçåë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=é~êíåÉêëK=

RU=
 ^ååÉñ=fff=J=fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=

pé~áåW=qÜÉ=çåÉJëíçé=ëÜçé=Ñçê=Ñáêãë=EÚsÉåí~åáää~=²åáÅ~=bãéêÉë~êá~äÛFI=~=àçáåí=áåáíá~íáîÉ=Äó=íÜÉ=mìÄäáÅ=^Çãáåáëíê~íáçå=
~åÇ= íÜÉ= `Ü~ãÄÉêë= çÑ= `çããÉêÅÉI= ï~ë= ÅêÉ~íÉÇ= ~ë= ~= êÉëìäí= çÑ= íÜÉ= k~íáçå~ä= mä~å= Ñçê= ^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= páãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=
~åÇ= áíë= ã~áå= í~êÖÉí= Öêçìé= ~êÉ= pjbëK= fí= çÑÑÉêë= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI= ÉñáëíáåÖ= ÅçåJ
íê~Åíë=~åÇ=äÉÖ~ä=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë=ïÜÉå=ÜáêáåÖ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=fí=áë=éçëëáÄäÉ=íç=Å~êêó=çìí=~ää=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=éêçJ
ÅÉÇìêÉë=áå=íÜÉ=çåÉJëíçé=ëÜçéë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=~êÉ=ÄÉáåÖ=éêçîáÇÉÇ=ÑêÉÉK=^í=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=íÜÉëÉ=çåÉJëíçé=ëÜçéë=~êÉ=
äçÅ~íÉÇ=áå=ëÉîÉê~ä=êÉÖáçåëI=Äìí=áí=áë=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉó=ïáää=ÅçîÉê=íÜÉ=ïÜçäÉ=çÑ=pé~áå=áå=íÜÉ=åÉ~ê=ÑìíìêÉK==

pïÉÇÉåW= qÜÉ= _ìëáåÉëë= dìáÇÉ=EcÕêÉí~Ö~êÖìáÇÉåF= ï~ë= ëí~êíÉÇ= lÅíçÄÉê= OMMN= ~åÇ= éêçîáÇÉë= ~å= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ëÉêîáÅÉ=
Ñçê=ÑáêãëK=qÜÉ=_ìëáåÉëë=dìáÇÉ=áë=ëìééçëÉÇ=íç=ÑìåÅíáçå=~ë=~=çåÉJëíçéJëÜçé=Ñçê=ÉåèìáêáÉë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=~ää=ÄìëáåÉëë=êÉJ
ä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉëK=bãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉë=ÄÉáåÖ=é~êí=çÑ=áíK=qÜÉ=_ìëáåÉëë=dìáÇÉ=áë=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=~åÇ=ã~áåí~áåÉÇ=áå=ÅçJ
çéÉê~íáçå=ïáíÜ=OO=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~ää=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=çåÉ=ïÉÄ=ëáíÉK=fí=áë=áåíÉåÇÉÇ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=Åçãé~åáÉë=Å~å=Öç=íç=íÜáë=
ïÉÄ=ëáíÉ=~åÇ=ÖÉí=íÜÉ=~åëïÉê=íç=~=ïáÇÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=èìÉëíáçåë=ïáíÜçìí=Ü~îáåÖ=íç=âåçï=ïÜáÅÜ=~ìíÜçêáíó=Ü~åÇäÉë=~=é~êJ
íáÅìä~ê=èìÉëíáçåK==

råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçãW=^=êÉÖìä~ê=åÉïëäÉííÉê=ëÉåí=çìí=Äó=íÜÉ=fåä~åÇ=oÉîÉåìÉ=~åÇ=`ìëíçãë=~åÇ=bñÅáëÉ=éêçîáÇÉë=~=ä~êÖÉ=
åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëëÉë=ïáíÜ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=cáêãë=Å~å=ÄÉ=áåÅäìÇÉÇ=çå=~=ã~áäáåÖ=äáëí=ÑêÉÉ=çÑ=ÅÜ~êÖÉ=Äó=
NPP
êÉèìÉëíK ==

_ìëáåÉëë=iáåâI=~=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ëìééçêí=~ÖÉåÅó=Ñçê=ÑáêãëI=çÑÑÉêë=~=ïÉ~äíÜ=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=ÖìáÇÉë=íç=ÉîÉêó=
Ñ~ÅÉí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áëëìÉë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=bìêçéÉ~å=êÉÖìä~íáçåK=låÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÖìáÇÉ=áë=ÉåíáíäÉÇ=D`ÜÉÅâ=äáëí=Ñçê=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=
NPQ
ÉãéäçóÉêëD=ïÜáÅÜ=ÜáÖÜäáÖÜíë=~=ÑìêíÜÉê=ON=Ñ~Åí=ëÜÉÉíë=Åçåí~áåáåÖ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêK ==

qÜÉ=pã~ää=_ìëáåÉëë=pÉêîáÅÉ=áë=äáåâÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=_ìëáåÉëë=iáåâ=~åÇ=ÜÉäéë=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=áí=ÉåëìêÉë=
ëã~ää= ÑáêãëD= áåíÉêÉëíë= ~êÉ= éêçéÉêäó= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= áå= ÑìíìêÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçåëK= låÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= âÉó= í~ëâë= çÑ= íÜÉ= p_p= áë= íç= ÜÉäé=
ãáåáãáëÉ=íÜÉ=ÄìêÇÉå=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=çå=ëã~ää=ÄìëáåÉëëÉëK=qÜÉ=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=bñÉÅìíáîÉ=éêçîáÇÉë=ÇÉÇáÅ~íÉÇ=~ÇJ
NPR
îáÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëí~íìíçêó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=áå=íÜáë=ÑáÉäÇK =få=~ÇÇáíáçå=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=~=åìãÄÉê=
NPS
çÑ=éêáî~íÉ=ëÉÅíçê=~ÇîáÅÉ=éêçîáÇÉêëI=ïÜáÅÜ=çÑÑÉê=í~êÖÉíÉÇ=~ÇîáÅÉ=Ñçê=íÜçëÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ=Éñé~åëáçåK =

qÜÉ=_ÉííÉê=oÉÖìä~íáçå=q~ëâ=cçêÅÉ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íÉë=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=áåÜáÄáí=Éñé~åJ
ëáçå=Äó=ÉñáëíáåÖ=çê=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ïÜáäëí=~äëç=áãéçëáåÖ=Çáëéêçéçêíáçå~íÉ=Åçëíë=çå=ëã~ääÉê=Ñáêãë=Åçãé~êÉÇ=
íç=íÜÉáê=ä~êÖÉê=ÅçìåíÉêé~êíëK=qÜÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áë=çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=êÉëéçåÇ=íç=áëëìÉë=ê~áëÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜáë=ÅÜ~ååÉäK==

jçêÉçîÉêI= åÉï= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= êÉèìáêÉ= ÇÉé~êíãÉåíë= íç= êÉÅçêÇ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= íÜÉêÉ= ïáää= ÄÉ= ~= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÄìêÇÉå= çå= pjbë=
íÜêçìÖÜ=~=oÉÖìä~íçêó=fãé~Åí=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=Eof^F=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ=Ñçê=~ää=åÉï=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK=pç=~åó=Åçåëìäí~íáçå=é~éÉê=êÉÑÉêJ
êáåÖ=íç=êÉÖìä~íçêó=éêçîáëáçå=íÜ~í=áãéçëÉë=~=Åçëí=çå=ÄìëáåÉëë=ãìëí=áåÅäìÇÉ=~=Úëã~ää=Ñáêãë=äáíãìë=íÉëíÛK=qÜáë=íÉëí=êÉJ
èìáêÉë=ÇáëÅìëëáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=ÜÉäÇ=ïáíÜ=ëã~ää=Ñáêãë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=~åó=åÉï=éêçîáëáçåë=ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇK==

fffKPK= bîáÇÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~ééäáÉÇ=ãçÇÉêå=íÉÅÜåçäçÖó=J=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ==
ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=
få= íÜÉ= ÑçääçïáåÖ= ëÉÅíáçåI= ~= ëìãã~êó= áë= ÖáîÉå= çÑ= ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~= íê~åëãáëëáçå= Éñ~ãéäÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ÅçìåíêáÉë= ïáíÜ= êÉJ
ëéÉÅí=íç=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉëK==

^ìëíêá~W= ^ää= åÉÅÉëë~êó= Ñçêãë= Ñçê= ÜáêáåÖ= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= Å~å= ÄÉ= É~ëáäó= Ççïåäç~ÇÉÇ= áå= ^ìëíêá~K= få= Ñ~ÅíI= ëáåÅÉ= gìäó= NVVT=
ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~êÉ=çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=êÉÖáëíÉê=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=fåëìê~åÅÉ=îá~=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëãáëëáçåK=páåÅÉ=
^éêáä= OMMN= íÜÉ= cÉÇÉê~ä= jáåáëíêó= çÑ= cáå~åÅÉ= çÑÑÉêë= íÜÉ= éçëëáÄáäáíó= íç= é~ó= í~ñÉë= ~åÇ= çíÜÉê= ÑÉÉë= J= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ï~ÖÉJ
NPT
êÉä~íÉÇ=í~ñÉë=J=îá~=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK ==

_ÉäÖáìãW= få= _ÉäÖáìã= íÜÉ= ï~ó= çÑ= Ü~åÇäáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëçÅá~ä= ëÉÅìêáíó= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= áë= ÅìêêÉåíäó= ÄÉáåÖ= ãçÇÉêåáëÉÇ= áå= íÜêÉÉ=
ëíÉéëW=cáêëíI=íÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Eafjlk^F=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=íç=ëáãéäáÑó=íÜÉ=~Çãáåáëíê~J
íáîÉ=Ñçêã~äáíáÉëI=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ëçÅá~ä=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=~åÇ=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=é~éÉê=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=íç=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=

NPO== táíÜáå=íÜáë=ëÅçéÉ=ëçãÉ=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=ï~ë=éêçÇìÅÉÇ=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=áåÅÉåíáîÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íáçå=çÑ=åÉï=àçÄë=áå=íÜÉëÉ=~êÉ~ëI=~ë=íÜÉ=aÉÅêÉÉ=SMNLVV=çÑ=^ìÖìëí=íÜ~í=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉëI=áå=
íÜÉ=ëÅçéÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=oÉÖáçå~ä=mä~å=Ñçê=^äÉåíÉàçI=íÜÉ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=Eìåíáä=OMMPF=çÑ=~å=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=Ñáå~åÅá~ä=ëìééçêí=íç=~ííêáÄìíÉ=íç=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïÜçI=áå=íÜ~í=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉÖáçåI=
ÜáêÉ=óçìåÖ=éÉçéäÉ=äççâáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=Ñáêëí=àçÄI=äçåÖJíÉêã=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇ=~åÇ=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=
NPP== réçå= ÉãéäçóáåÖ= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= ÉãéäçóÉÉI= íÜÉ= fo= ïáää= Ñçêï~êÇ= ~= ÅçãéäÉíÉ= é~Åâ= íç= Éñéä~áå= Üçï= íç= ~ÇãáåáëíÉê= íÜÉ= rh= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= í~ñ~íáçå= ëóëíÉã= ~åÇ= Üçï= íç= ã~âÉ=
~ééêçéêá~íÉ=k~íáçå~ä=fåëìê~åÅÉ=`çåíêáÄìíáçåë=Ekf`ëFK=
NPQ== qÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ëã~ää=Åçëí=áåÅìêêÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íÜ~í=ãáÖÜí=ÄÉ=~å=áãéÉÇáãÉåí=Ñçê=Ö~áåáåÖ=íÜáë=áåÑçêã~íáçåK=
NPR== qÜÉ=ÄççâäÉíI=ÉåíáíäÉÇ=DeÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=áå=pã~ää=cáêãëD=çìíäáåÉë=íÜÉ=ê~íáçå~äÉ=Ñçê=eCp=éêçîáëáçå=~åÇ=ÇÉëÅêáÄÉë=íÜÉ=Éñ~Åí=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=~ää=Ñáêãë=J=ÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=ìéçå=
íÜÉáê=ëÉÅíçê=çÑ=çéÉê~íáçåK=
NPS== cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=fom`=áë=~=éêáî~íÉ=Åçåëìäí~åÅó=çéÉê~íáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ= jáÇä~åÇë=~êÉ~= ëéÉÅá~äáëáåÖ=é~êíáÅìä~êäó=áå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ä~ï=êÉä~íÉÇ=~ÇîáÅÉK= mêçàÉÅí=kçêíÜ=b~ëí=Ü~ë=éêçJ
ÇìÅÉÇ=PTN=_ìëáåÉëë=lééçêíìåáíó=mêçÑáäÉë=~åÇ=PPR=_ìëáåÉëë=fåÑçêã~íáçå=c~Åí=pÜÉÉíëK=qÜáë=~ÇîáÅÉ=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áë=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=~í=ÇáÑÑÉêáåÖ=Åçëí=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=
~åÇ=ÇÉéíÜ=çÑ=ëìééçêí=êÉèìáêÉÇK=
NPT== ïïïKÄÉò~ÜäÉåK~íK=

RV
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

íÜÉ=ÅÉåíê~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=~ää=ëçÅá~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áåíç=çåÉ=Ç~í~Ä~ëÉI=ïÜáÅÜ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=Äó=~ää=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=
NPU
ëÉÅìêáíó= ëóëíÉãK = pÉÅçåÇI= íÜÉ= ãìäíáÑìåÅíáçå~ä= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå= EajcF= ïáää= ÄÉ= áåíêçÇìÅÉÇK= fí= áåîçäîÉë=
íÜÉ=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=é~éÉê=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåë=çÑ=~ää=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáJ
Äìíáçåë=~åÇ=ÄÉåÉÑáíëK=qÜáë=ëóëíÉã=ïáää=ÄÉ=áåëí~ääÉÇ=~í=íÜÉ=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=OMMPK=qÜáêÇI=íÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=çÑ=
ëçÅá~ä=êáëâë=Eaop=~åÇ=^aopF=ïáää=ÄÉ=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=~í=íÜÉ=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=OMMP=áå=ëí~ÖÉëI=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~áã=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=~=ÅÉåíê~ä=
pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=Ç~í~Ä~åâ=íÜ~í=ïáää=ëÉêîÉ=~ää=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=~åÇ=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=íÜÉ=êÉéÉ~íÉÇ=ëìÄJ
ãáëëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Äó=ÄçíÜ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉK=fí=ÇÉ~äë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåë=íÜ~í=ãìëí=
ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=ïÜÉå=~=ïçêâÉê=áë=ëáÅâI=Ü~ë=~=ïçêâ=~ÅÅáÇÉåíI=êÉíáêÉë=çê=áë=ÑáêÉÇK=^=çåÉJëíçéJÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=ïáåÇçï=ïáää=ëÉêîÉ=~ää=
íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=éìÄäáÅ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=áåîçäîÉÇK==

cáåä~åÇW=_~ëáÅ~ääó=~ää=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=áåëíáíìíáçåë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=éêçîáÇÉ=Ñçêãë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=áåëíêìÅJ
íáçåëI=~ë=ïÉää=~ë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=áëëìÉë=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK=få=NVVSI=íÜÉ=jáåáëíêó=çÑ=cáå~åÅÉ=
ä~ìåÅÜÉÇ= ~= éêçÖê~ããÉ= ÚfåÑçêã~íáçå= Ñäçï= Ñêçã= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íç= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëÛ= ïÜáÅÜ= ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ= ~= ëÉêîáÅÉ= åçï= Éå~J
NPV
ÄäáåÖ=ãçëí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=íê~åëÑÉêë=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ~ääóK =

dÉêã~åóW= bJÖçîÉêåãÉåí= Ü~ë= êÉÅÉåíäó= ÄÉÉå= áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ= Ñçê= ~ää= åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåë= íç= íÜÉ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= áåëìê~åÅÉ= ÑìåÇëI= íÜìëI=
êÉåÇÉêáåÖ=áí=éçëëáÄäÉ=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë=íç=ëìÄãáí=êÉèìÉëíÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ÚçåÉJëíçéJëÜçéë=Ñçê=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíóÛ=Äó=
ÉJã~áäK==

iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáåW=få=iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå=~=ëí~åÇ~êÇáëÉÇ=fåíÉêåÉí=éä~íÑçêã=áë=éä~ååÉÇ=íÜ~í=ïáää=ÄêáåÖ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=çÑÑáÅÉë=íçJ
NQM
ÖÉíÜÉê=~í=íÜÉ=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=OMMOK =pç=Ñ~êI=íÜÉ=î~êáçìë=çÑÑáÅÉëD=ïÉÄëáíÉë=Ü~îÉ=ãçëíäó=ÄÉÉå=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=~í=íÜÉëÉ=çÑÑáÅÉëD=
çïå=áåáíá~íáîÉK=fí=áë=áåíÉåÇÉÇ=íç=áåÅäìÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=áåíÉêÅÜ~åÖÉ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=Ñçê=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíóK=

kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW=bäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=íê~åëÑÉê=íç=íÜÉ=q~ñ=^ìíÜçêáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=^ÖÉåÅó=ErsfF=áë=
NQN
~äêÉ~Çó=éçëëáÄäÉK =få=ÑìíìêÉI=~ää=Ñçêãë=äáåâÉÇ=íç=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=ïáää=ÄÉ=éä~ÅÉÇ=çå=~=ëáåÖäÉ=ïÉÄëáíÉK=

mçêíìÖ~äW= qÜÉ= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= áãéäÉãÉåíáåÖ= ÉJÖçîÉêåãÉåí= áå= ëÉîÉê~ä= ÑáÉäÇë= áå= íÜÉ= ä~ëí= óÉ~êë= áå= çêÇÉê= íç=
ëáãéäáÑó=~åÇ=Ñ~Åáäáí~íÉ=Åçåí~Åíë=Äó=ÅáíáòÉåë=~åÇ=Ñáêãë=ïáíÜ=å~íáçå~ä=éìÄäáÅ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~êÉ~ë=ïÜÉêÉ=çåJ
äáåÉ= ÅçååÉÅíáçå= ïáíÜ= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉë= êÉîÉ~äë= ã~àçê= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI= ÅçåÅÉêåë= íÜÉ= ëìÄãáëëáçå= çÑ= í~ñ= ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçåë= ~åÇ=
é~óãÉåíë=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=få=íÜÉ=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=ÉJÖçîÉêåãÉåí=éçêí~ä=çåÉ=Å~å=ÑáåÇ=äáåâë=íç=~ää=
çåJäáåÉ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=çÑ=mçêíìÖìÉëÉ=éìÄäáÅ=~ìíÜçêáíáÉëK=

pé~áåW=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=~ääçïë=ÉãéäçóÉêë=íç=êÉÖáëíÉê=ÜáêÉÇ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=bäÉÅíêçåáÅ=a~í~=pÉåÇáåÖ=póëíÉã=
EÚoÉãáëáµå=bäÉÅíêµåáÅ~=ÇÉ=a~íçëÛI=obaFK=cáêãë=ãìëí=ÄÉ=~ìíÜçêáëÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=qêÉ~ëìêÉêDë=lÑÑáÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=íç=
ìëÉ=áíK=qÜÉ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=f`që=áë=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÖìáÇÉäáåÉë=ëìÖÖÉëíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=tÜáíÉ=m~éÉê=çå=íÜÉ=fãéêçîÉãÉåí=çÑ=
NQO
mìÄäáÅ=pÉêîáÅÉë =Ñçê=~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ÉÑÑáÅáÉåÅó=çÑ=éìÄäáÅ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçåK=få=íÜáë=ëÉåëÉI=ëÉîÉê~ä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~êÉ=éä~ååÉÇ=
íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=áå=íÜÉ=åÉ~ê=ÑìíìêÉK=^=pÉêîáÅÉ=ÖìáÇÉ=ï~ë=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=áå=OMMN=ïáíÜ=~ää=êÉäÉî~åí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~Äçìí=~ÇãáåJ
áëíê~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=çå=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK=

pïÉÇÉåW=qÜÉ=pïÉÇáëÜ=q~ñ=_ç~êÇ=Ü~ë=êÉÅÉåíäó=ëí~êíÉÇ=~=íÉëí=éÜ~ëÉ=Ñçê=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=íç=Çç=íÜÉáê=í~ñ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=
çåJäáåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=fåíÉêåÉíK=få=íÜÉ=îÉêó=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=áí=~ääçïÉÇ=~=ã~ñáãìã=çÑ=NR=MMM=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íç=Ü~åÇäÉ=íÜÉáê=
í~ñ=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=çåJäáåÉ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=ïÉÄëáíÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=pïÉÇáëÜ=q~ñ=_ç~êÇK=fí=ëí~êíÉÇ=áå=j~êÅÜ=OMMN=~åÇ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=îÉêó=
ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=éçáåí=çÑ=îáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉêëK=qÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=éä~åë=íç=ã~âÉ=íÜáë=~=éÉêã~åÉåí=ëÉêîáÅÉ=Ñçê=~ää=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=
~åÇ=åçï=íÜÉêÉ=åç=äçåÖÉê=áë=~=äáãáí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ã~âÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=áíK=

pïáíòÉêä~åÇW=^í=íÜÉ=ãçãÉåí=ÉJÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áë=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ï~ó=íÜ~í=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~å=pjb=éçêí~ä=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=áå=
pïáíòÉêä~åÇI=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=ëìééçëÉÇ=íç=Åçåí~áå=~ãçåÖ=çíÜÉê=íÜáåÖë=ÜÉäé=Ñçê=ëí~êíJìéë=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
áëëìÉëK=
NQP
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçãW=bJÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áë=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=~=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=ïÉÄëáíÉ =ïáíÜ=É~ÅÜ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=
ÇÉé~êíãÉåí=Ü~îáåÖ=íÜÉáê=çïå=ÇÉÇáÅ~íÉÇ=ïÉÄëáíÉ=ïáíÜ=ÇáëÅêÉíÉ=ëÉÅíáçåë=êÉÑÉêêáåÖ=íç=ëã~ääÉê=ÑáêãëK=

NPU== qÜáë= ëóëíÉã= ï~ë= áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ= ~í= íÜÉ= ÄÉÖáååáåÖ= çÑ= NVVV= Ñáêëí= ~ë= ~= éáäçí= ÉñÉêÅáëÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÄìáäÇáåÖ= ëÉÅíçêI= íê~åëéçêí= çÑ= éÉçéäÉ= ~åÇ= íÉãéçê~êó= ~ÖÉåÅó= ïçêâÉêëK= páåÅÉ=
lÅíçÄÉê=OMMN=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ñêçã=çíÜÉê=ÉÅçåçãáÅ=ëÉÅíçêë=~êÉ=~ääçïÉÇ=íç=àçáå=íÜÉ=afjlk^=ëóëíÉã=~åÇ=Ñêçã=g~åì~êó=OMMO=çå=~ää=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÉåíÉê=íÜáë=ëóëJ
íÉãK=
NPV= ÜííéWLLíóîáKÉäã~KÑáK==
NQM== ÜííéWLLïïïKäáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáåKäáK=
NQN== réçå= ~å= ÉãéäçóÉêÛë= êÉèìÉëíI= íÜÉ= pçÅá~ä= pÉÅìêáíó= båÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ^ÖÉåÅó= ErîáF= ïáää= áå= ãçëí= Å~ëÉë= Öê~åí= ÉñÉãéíáçå= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= íç= ã~âÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= m~óêçää=
oÉÖáëíÉê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=^ååì~ä=pí~íÉãÉåí=`~êÇK=qÜÉ=ÉñÉãéíáçå=áë=äáåâÉÇ=íç=éêÉêÉèìáëáíÉë=íÜ~í=ã~ó=ÄÉ=çÄí~áåÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=båÑçêÅÉãÉåí=^ÖÉåÅó=ErîáFK=a~í~=çÑ=
íÜÉ=^ååì~ä=pí~íÉãÉåíë=ã~ó=~äëç=ÄÉ=ëìÄãáííÉÇ=áå=çíÜÉê=ï~óëI=ÉKÖK=çå=í~éÉ=çê=ÇáëâÉííÉK=
NQO== léK=ÅáíK=
NQP== ïïïKçéÉåKÖçîKìâK=

SM=
 ^ååÉñ=fff=J=fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=

fffKQK= aÉîÉäçéãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=bãéäçóãÉåí=oÉä~íÉÇ=oÉÖìä~íáçåë=
få= íÜÉ= ÑçääçïáåÖ= é~êíI= ëçãÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíë= áå= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= ~êÉ= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= Äó= ÅçìåíêóK= qÜáë=
Åçãéáä~íáçå=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ÅÜ~åÖÉÇ=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄë=pìããáíK=fí=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÉåJ
Åçãé~ëë=~ää=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=~ää=ÅçìåíêáÉë=Äìí=áí=ÇçÉë=êÉÑäÉÅí=íÜÉ=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ìåÇÉêí~âÉå=~ë=
Ñ~ê=~ë=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=êÉä~íÉÇ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~êÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK=

fffKQKNK= cçêãë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
dÉêã~åóW=få=dÉêã~åóI=é~êí=íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ïáíÜ=~=êÉÖìä~ê=ïÉÉâäó=ïçêâáåÖ=íáãÉ=çÑ=OM=çê=äÉëë=Üçìêë=~êÉ=åçï=ìåáJ
NQQ ëí
Ñçêãäó=íêÉ~íÉÇ=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=íÜÉ=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=çÑ=ÑáêãëÛ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ= ëáòÉ=áë=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK =páåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=N I=NVVV=~ää=íÜÉëÉ=
NQR
é~êíJíáãÉêë=åçï=ÉåíÉê=íÜÉ=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=~=î~äìÉ=çÑ=MKRK =líÜÉê=íÜáåÖë=ÄÉáåÖ=Éèì~äI=íÜÉ=~ãÉåÇãÉåí=ëÉíë=ÇáëáåJ
ÅÉåíáîÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=é~êíJíáãÉ=ïçêâÉêë=ïáíÜ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=OM=Üçìêë=éÉê=ïÉÉâ=~ë=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉë=~êÉ=åçï=
ëí
êÉ~ÅÜÉÇ=É~êäáÉêK=cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=ëáåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=N =OMMN=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áå=~=Ñáêã=ïáíÜ=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=ÑáÑíÉÉå=ïçêâÉêë=Ü~ë=íÜÉ=
NQS
êáÖÜí=íç=çéí=Ñçê=é~êíJíáãÉ=ïçêâ=ÉîÉå=áÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=ÇçÉë=åçí=~ÖêÉÉK ==

få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=ÑáñÉÇ=íÉêã=Åçåíê~Åíë=Å~å=ÄÉ=íÉêãáå~íÉÇ=ïáíÜçìí=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=Ü~îáåÖ=íç=ÇÉåçìåÅÉ=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉ~ëçå=
Ñçê=íÜÉ=íÉêãáå~íáçåK=pìÅÜ=~=Åçåíê~Åí=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ÅçåÅäìÇÉÇ=Ñçê=íïç=óÉ~êë=~í=ãçëí=~åÇ=áí=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÉñíÉåÇÉÇ=ìé=íç=íÜêÉÉ=
íáãÉë=ïáíÜáå=íÜáë=éÉêáçÇK=táíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ëìêé~ëëáåÖ=íÜÉ=~ÖÉ=çÑ=RU=óÉ~êëI=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=åç=äáãáí~íáçåë=~ë=Ñ~ê=
~ë=íÜÉ=íÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=ëìÅÜ=Åçåíê~Åíë=áë=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK=

^=ÅçåëáÇÉê~Ääó=ãçêÉ=êÉëíêáÅíáîÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçå=ï~ë=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=dÉêã~åó=áå=g~åì~êó=NVVV=Ñçê=ëçJÅ~ääÉÇ=ÚÄçÖìë=ëÉäÑ=ÉãJ
NQT
éäçóÉÇÛ=EÚpÅÜÉáåëÉäÄëí®åÇáÖÉÛFK =qÜÉëÉ=éÉçéäÉ=~ééÉ~ê=íç=ÄÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=~ë=ëÉäÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=J=åç=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáJ
Äìíáçåë=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=é~áÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉã=~åÇ=íÜìëI=íÜÉó=~êÉ=äÉëë=Åçëíäó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅäáÉåíLÉãéäçóÉê=J=Äìí=ÇÉ=Ñ~Åíç=íÜÉó=êÉäó=
ãçëíäó=çå=çåÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÅäáÉåíI=ÉKÖK=íÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=ÉãéäçóÉê=çìíëçìêÅÉÇ=íÜÉ=àçÄK=qÜÉëÉ=éÉçéäÉ=~êÉ=åçï=íêÉ~íÉÇ=~ë=
ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~åÇ=ÅÉêí~áå=éêÉÅçåÇáíáçåë=ãìëí=ÄÉ=ÑìäÑáääÉÇ=ëç=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=EëáåÖäÉF=ÅäáÉåíI=~ë=ÇÉ=Ñ~Åíç=ÉãéäçóÉêI=Ü~ë=íç=é~ó=
ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÚÉãéäçóÉÉÛK=qÜÉ=~áã=çÑ=íÜáë=êÉÖìä~íáçå=áë=íç=éêÉîÉåí=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ñêçã=åçí=é~óJ
áåÖ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=~åÇ=åçí=~ääçïáåÖ=íÜÉã=íç=ÄÉ=ÑêÉÉÇ=Ñêçã=çíÜÉê=ä~Äçìê=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=àìëí=Äó=çìíëçìêÅJ
áåÖ=àçÄëK=

få=dÉêã~åó=íÜÉêÉ=áë=çåÉ=é~êíáÅìä~êI=îÉêó=éçéìä~ê=êÉäáÉÑ=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ã~âáåÖ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=EÚdÉêJ
NQU
áåÖÑÏÖáÖÉ= _ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëîÉêÜ®äíåáëëÉÛFK= qÜáë= îÉêó= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= Ñ~îçìêë= Úã~êÖáå~äÛ= ÉãéäçóãÉåíK = båíÉêJ
éêáëÉë=ÇáêÉÅíäó=ÄÉåÉÑáí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=Å~å=ë~îÉ=ï~ÖÉ=í~ñ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=é~óãÉåíë=~åÇ=íÜÉêÉJ
ÑçêÉ=Ü~îÉ=äçïÉê=ä~Äçìê=ÅçëíëK=qÜÉ=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=ÄÉåÉÑáí=Ñêçã=ÜáÖÜÉê=åÉí=ï~ÖÉëK=fí=Å~å=ÄÉ=~ëJ
NQV
ëìãÉÇ=íÜ~í=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉ=í~ñ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=é~óãÉåíë=ïçìäÇ=êÉëìäí=áå=äçïÉê=åÉí=ï~ÖÉëK =qÜÉ=
í~ñ=éêáîáäÉÖÉÇ=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áë=çÑ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=Ñçê=pjbë=~ë=áí=Éå~ÄäÉë=ëã~ääÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íç=êÉJ
ëéçåÇ=íç=ã~êâÉí=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=îÉêó=èìáÅâäó=ïáíÜçìí=Ü~îáåÖ=íç=ÄìáäÇ=ìé=~=ÜìÖÉ=Äìäâ=çÑ=ÑáñÉÇ=ä~Äçìê=ÅçëíëK=

fêÉä~åÇW=få=fêÉä~åÇI=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=ï~ë=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=íç=áãéäÉãÉåí=íÜÉ=br=aáêÉÅíáîÉ=çå=m~êíJqáãÉ=tçêâ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=aáêÉÅíáîÉ=
çå=cáñÉÇJqÉêã=tçêâ=áå=OMMM=~åÇ=OMMNK=
NRM
mçêíìÖ~äW=páåÅÉ=gìäó=NVVV=íÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=åÉï=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=çå=é~êíJíáãÉ=ïçêâK =qÜÉ=~áã=áë=íç=ÉåÅçìê~ÖÉ=é~êíJíáãÉ=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Äó=ëÉííáåÖ=áåÅÉåíáîÉë=~åÇ=Öê~åíáåÖ=Ñáå~åÅá~ä=ëìééçêíK=qÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêDë=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=~êÉ=
êÉÇìÅÉÇ= Äó= OR=BI= RM=B= çê= ÉîÉå= NMM=B= ÉñÉãéíáçå= áë= Öê~åíÉÇ= ÇÉéÉåÇáåÖ= çå= áÑ= áí= áë= ~= ÑáñÉÇJíÉêã= çê= éÉêã~åÉåí=
NRN
Åçåíê~ÅíI=íÜÉ=ëáíì~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áå=èìÉëíáçå =~åÇ=áÑ=åÉï=àçÄë=~êÉ=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=çê=áÑ=ÉñáëíáåÖ=çåÉë=~êÉ=ÇáîáÇÉÇK=
cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI=íÜÉ=åçåJêÉáãÄìêë~ÄäÉ=Öê~åí=Éèì~äë=íïÉäîÉ=íáãÉë=íÜÉ=å~íáçå~ä=ãáåáãìã=ï~ÖÉ=ïÜÉå=íÜÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=
Ü~ë=åç=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=RM=ïçêâÉêëK=

NQQ== qÜáë=ÜçäÇë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=çÑ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=î~äìÉë=ïáíÜáå=aáëãáëë~ä=éêçíÉÅíáçå=ä~ïI=gçÄ=éêÉëÉêî~íáçå=ä~ïI=tçêâáåÖ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=ä~ï=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=ä~ïK=
NQR== mêÉîáçìëäóI=íÜÉêÉ=ï~ë=~=ÑìêíÜÉê=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=~ë=é~êíJíáãÉêë=ïáíÜ=íÉå=çê=ÑÉïÉê=Üçìêë=éÉê=ïÉÉâ=ïÉêÉ=ÅçìåíÉÇ=~ë=MKOR=àçÄë=çåäóK=
NQS== qÜáë=êìäÉ=~ééäáÉë=~ë=äçåÖ=~ë=íÜÉêÉ=~êÉ=åç=Ñáêã=êÉä~íÉÇ=êÉ~ëçåë=åçí=íç=Çç=ëçK=
NQT== qÜÉ=ä~ï=ï~ë=ä~íÉê=~ãÉåÇÉÇ=~åÇ=Åä~êáÑáÉÇ=çå=aÉÅÉãÄÉê=OMíÜI=NVVVI=íÜÉêÉÄó=ÉñÉêíáåÖ=~=êÉíêç~ÅíáîÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=ëáåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=NëíI=NVVVK=
NQU== råÇÉê=ÅÉêí~áå=éêÉJÅçåÇáíáçåëI=~å=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=áë=~ääçïÉÇ=íç=Éãéäçó=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ïáíÜçìí=é~óáåÖ=ï~ÖÉ=í~ñ=~í=~ää=~åÇ=ïáíÜ=é~óáåÖ=çåäó=êÉÇìÅÉÇ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìJ
íáçåëK=pìÅÜ=~=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=é~êíJíáãÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áë=ÖáîÉå=áÑW=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ïçêâë=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NR=Üçìêë=éÉê=ïÉÉâ=~åÇ=áÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=ÉñÅÉÉÇ=POO=bìêç=éÉê=ãçåíÜK=få=
çêÇÉê=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=áÑ=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=~åÇ=ï~ÖÉJäáãáíë=~êÉ=ãÉí=áå=çåÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ãçåíÜI=~ää=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Åçåíê~Åíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=áå=èìÉëíáçå=Ü~îÉ=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=Eáå=
Å~ëÉ=ÜÉLëÜÉ=Ü~ë=~=éêáã~êó=ÑìääJíáãÉ=àçÄ=çê=~å=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=é~êíJíáãÉ=àçÄFK=qÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Ü~ë=íç=éêçîÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=íÜ~í=ÜÉLëÜÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=Ü~îÉ=~åó=çíÜÉê=áåÅçãÉ=ÉñJ
ÅÉÉÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=äáãáíI=Äó=éêçÇìÅáåÖ=~å=ÉñÉãéíáçåJÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉ=EÚcêÉáëíÉääìåÖëÄÉëÅÜÉáåáÖìåÖÛF=áëëìÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=í~ñ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáçåK=få=Å~ëÉ=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=~åÇ=ï~ÖÉJäáãáíë=~êÉ=ãÉíI=
íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=çåäó=é~óë=~=äìãé=ëìã=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=ÚçäÇ=~ÖÉ=éÉåëáçåÛ=ENO=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉF=~åÇ=áå=ÅÉêí~áå=Å~ëÉë=~äëç=íç=ÚÜÉ~äíÜ=Å~êÉÛ=ENM=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉFK=
NQV== Új~êÖáå~äÛ= é~êíJíáãÉ= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= Ñ~îçìêë= EÉëéÉÅá~ääó= ëÉêîáÅÉ= ëÉÅíçêF= ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë= íÜ~í= çÑÑÉê= ÑäÉñáÄäÉ= é~êíJíáãÉ= àçÄëK= få= Å~ëÉI= êÉÖìä~ê= ï~ÖÉ= í~ñ= ïçìäÇ= Ü~ë= íç= ÄÉ= é~áÇI=
íÜÉëÉ=àçÄë=ïçìäÇ=åçí=ÄÉ=îÉêó=~ííê~ÅíáîÉ=Ñçê=é~êíJíáãÉêë=~åÇ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåíäó=áí=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ê~íÜÉê=ÇáÑÑáÅìäí=Ñçê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=íç=~ííê~Åí=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ïÜç=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÇ=áå=
ëìÅÜ=~=ÑäÉñáÄäÉ=ï~óK=
NRM== i~ï=NMPLVVK=
NRN== vçìåÖ=éÉçéäÉ=äççâáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=Ñáêëí=àçÄI=äçåÖJíÉêã=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇ=çê=çíÜÉêëK=

SN
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

NRO
få=~ÇÇáíáçåI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=åÉï=ä~ï =çå=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ïçêâ=ëáåÅÉ=NVVV=íÜ~í=Ü~ë=ÄêçìÖÜí=~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=íç=
NRP
íÜÉ=éêÉîáçìë=äÉÖ~ä=Ñê~ãÉïçêâ=Ñêçã=NVUVK =qÜÉ=ëóëíÉã=çÑ=éÉå~äíáÉë=Ñçê=áåÑêáåÖÉãÉåíë=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=~äJ
íÉêÉÇ=~åÇ=ÑáåÉë=Ñçê=îáçä~íáçåë=ïÉêÉ=ëìÄëí~åíá~ääó=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇK=
NRQ
få=gìäó=OMMN=ÑáñÉÇJíÉêã=Åçåíê~Åíë=ïÉêÉ=êÉÖìä~íÉÇ=~åÉï =áå=çêÇÉê=íç=éêçãçíÉ=íÜÉ=ÅêÉ~íáçå=çÑ=éÉêã~åÉåí=àçÄë=~åÇ=
ÅçãÄ~í=áíë=áêêÉÖìä~ê=ìëÉK=låÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=åÉï=ä~ï=áë=íÜ~í=áí=êÉèìáêÉë=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=íç=
ëí~íÉ=ÅäÉ~êäó=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åíë=~åÇ=ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=ïÜó=ÜÉ=ÅçåÅäìÇÉë=~=ÑáñÉÇJíÉêã=Åçåíê~ÅíK=

páåÅÉ= j~ó= NVVV= ëÉäÑJÉãéäçóÉÇ= ïçêâÉêë= áå= mçêíìÖ~ä= ~êÉ= çÄäáÖÉÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ~å= áåëìê~åÅÉ= ~Ö~áåëí= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíë= ~åÇ= áääJ
åÉëëÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=áãéêçîÉ=íÜÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ïçêâÉêë=~åÇ=íç=ã~âÉ=Å~ãçìÑä~ÖÉÇ=ëìÄJÅçåíê~ÅíáåÖ=êÉä~íáçåë=
NRR
äÉëë=éêçÄ~ÄäÉK =

pé~áåW=qÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ä~íÉëí=ä~Äçìê=ã~êâÉí=êÉÑçêãë=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ä~áÇ=çå=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=ëí~ÄáäáíóI=íÜÉ=ëìééçêí=çÑ=é~êíJ
íáãÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=çå=~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ëÜ~êÉ=çÑ=ïçãÉå=áå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçìê=ã~êâÉíK=^ãçåÖ=çíÜÉêë=íÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=
NRS
~å=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=áå=ëçÅá~ä=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Ñçê=é~êíJíáãÉ=ïçêâÉêëK =oÉíêçëéÉÅíáîÉäóI=~ää=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ü~îÉ=éêçîÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=ÄÉåÉÑáÅá~ä=
ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=ÄçíÜ=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éÉêã~åÉåí=~åÇ=é~êíJíáãÉ=Åçåíê~Åíë=Ü~îÉ=êáëÉåK=eçïÉîÉêI=åÉï=êÉÑçêãë=~êÉ=éä~ååÉÇ=áå=
NRT
çêÇÉê=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=ãçêÉ=ëí~Äáäáíó=~åÇ=èì~äáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=åÉïäó=ÅêÉ~íÉÇ=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK =

fffKQKOK= pçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~åÇ=éÉåëáçå=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=
^ìëíêá~W=táíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=í~ñ~íáçå=~åÇ=ëçÅá~ä=áåëìê~åÅÉ=áëëìÉëI=Úåçêã~äÛ=~åÇ=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=EÚdÉêáåÖÑÏÖáÖÉ=
_ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëîÉêÜ®äíåáëëÉÛF=~êÉ=ÇáëíáåÖìáëÜÉÇ=ëáåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=NVVUK=j~êÖáå~ä=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~êÉ=éÉêëçåë=ïÜç=~êÉ=ëìÄJ
àÉÅí=íç=çåäó=~=é~êí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=áåëìê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=í~ñ~íáçå=êÉÖìä~íáçå=~ë=íÜÉó=~êÉ=åçí=ïçêâáåÖ=ÑìääJíáãÉ=~åÇ=~ë=íÜÉáê=
É~êåáåÖ=áë=ÄÉäçï=~=ÅÉêí~áå=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=EÑçê=OMMNW=bìêç=OVSKON=ãçåíÜäó=çê=bìêç=OOKTR=Ç~áäó=áÑ=íÜÉ=Çìê~íáçå=çÑ=ÉãJ
éäçóãÉåí=áë=ëÜçêíÉê=íÜ~å=çåÉ=ãçåíÜFK=eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉ=ÇìíáÉë=~åÇ=êáÖÜíë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=~êÉ=
íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=~ë=áÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=ÑìääJíáãÉK=

_ÉäÖáìãW=få=_ÉäÖáìã=íÜÉ=pçÅá~ä=pÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉã=ï~ë=êÉÑçêãÉÇ=~åÇ=íê~åëÑÉêêÉÇ=áåíç=~å=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=Ç~í~=ëóëíÉã=ïáíÜ=
~=Ñìää=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=é~éÉê=ÇçÅìãÉåíë=~åÇ=~=ëáãéäáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=Ñçêã~äáíáÉë=~åÇ=ÅÉåíê~äáë~íáçå=
EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=QKPFK=

dÉêã~åóW=få=dÉêã~åó=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçåë=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=ï~ÖÉJí~ñJ=~åÇ=ëçÅá~äJëÉÅìêáíóJéêáîáäÉÖÉÇ=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=
NRU
EÚdÉêáåÖÑÏÖáÖÉ=_ÉëÅÜ®ÑíáÖìåÖëîÉêÜ®äíåáëëÉÛF=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ãçÇáÑáÉÇ=áå=^éêáä=NVVVK =qÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=áë=ëíáää=ÉñÉãéíÉÇ=
Ñêçã=ï~ÖÉ=í~ñ=Äìí=åçï~Ç~óë=Ü~ë=íç=é~ó=~=äìãé=ëìã=íç=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=éÉåëáçå=~åÇ=áå=ÅÉêí~áå=Å~ëÉë=
~äëç=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=Å~êÉ=EíÜìëI=áããÉÇá~íÉäó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáåÖ=íç=Ñáå~åÅáåÖ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉãFK=qÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=
~=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ëÜáÑí=Ñêçã=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=Ñçêã=çÑ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Eíç=~åçíÜÉê=àçÄF=íç=ÉñÅäìëáîÉ=
Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=qÜÉ=êÉ~ëçå=Ñçê=íÜáë=ëÜáÑí=áë=íÜ~í=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=êÉÑçêã=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=Úã~êÖáå~äÛ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=áë=åç=
äçåÖÉê=ï~ÖÉ=í~ñ=ÑêÉÉK=
dêÉÉÅÉW=qÜÉêÉ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=~=ÇÉÅêÉ~ëÉ=áå=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=~=ãáåáãìã=ï~ÖÉ=É~êåÉêI=ïÜáÅÜ=~ãçìåíë=
ìé=íç=U=B=çÑ=Üáë=Çáëéçë~ÄäÉ=áåÅçãÉK=qÜáë=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=J=áåJïçêâ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=J=áë=~=ãÉ~åë=íç=ã~âÉ=ïçêâ=é~ó=~åÇ=áë=áåíêçJ
ÇìÅÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=íáãÉ=áå=dêÉÉÅÉK=
NRV
mçêíìÖ~äW=qÜÉ=êÉÑçêã=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉã =~ãçåÖ=çíÜÉê=íÜáåÖë=Ü~ë=ëÉí=~å=áåÅÉåíáîÉ=Ñçê=ïçêâÉêë=~åÇ=Ñçê=
ÉãéäçóÉêë=íç=ÇáëÅçìê~ÖÉ=É~êäó=êÉíáêÉãÉåí=Äó=êÉÇìÅáåÖ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=Ñçê=ÄçíÜK=qÜÉ=åÉï=äÉÖáëä~J
NSM
íáçå =çå=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=Ñêçã=^ìÖìëí=OMMM=ÑìêíÜÉêãçêÉ=áåíêçÇìÅÉë=~=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=êÉÑçêãë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=áãéêçîÉ=íÜÉ=
ëóëíÉãDë=çéÉê~íáçå=~åÇ=íç=ÉåëìêÉ=áíë=ÑìíìêÉ=Ñáå~åÅÉK=

NRO== i~ï=NQSLVVK=
NRP== qÜÉ=ãçëí=áãéçêí~åí=~ëéÉÅí=ïáíÜ=êÉëéÉÅí=íç=íÜÉ=ÜáêáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=ïçêâÉêë=áë=íÜÉ=Äêç~ÇÉåáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçíÉåíá~ä=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=~ÖÉåÅó=ä~Äçìê=ÄÉóçåÇ=áíë=Úíê~Çáíáçå~äÛ=ìëÉ=
áå=ëÉ~ëçå~ä=çê=áêêÉÖìä~ê=ÅóÅäÉ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ãçêÉ=ÅçãéäÉñ=ëÉí=çÑ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ìëÉê=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉ=ãìëí=ÑçääçïK==
NRQ== i~ï=NULOMMNK=
NRR= aÉÅêÉÉJi~ï=NRVLVVK=
NRS== oçó~ä=aÉÅêÉÉ=NRLNVVUK=
NRT== qÜáë=áë=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=oçó~ä=aÉÅêÉÉ=RLOMMNI=ïÜáÅÜ=ãçÇáÑáÉë=ëÉîÉê~ä=~ëéÉÅíëK=
NRU== qÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=áë=ëíáää=ÉñÉãéíÉÇ=Ñêçã=ï~ÖÉ=í~ñ=Äìí=åçï~Ç~óë=Ü~ë=íç=é~ó=~=äìãé=ëìã=~ãçìåí=íç=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=çäÇ=~ÖÉ=éÉåëáçå=~åÇ=áå=ÅÉêí~áå=Å~ëÉë=~äëç=íç=
ÜÉ~äíÜ=Å~êÉ=~ë=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=Ñáå~åÅáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=ëóëíÉãK=
NRV== pçãÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=íÜáë=êÉÑçêã=ïÉêÉ=áãéäÉãÉåíÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=aÉÅêÉÉJi~ï=NVVLVVI=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑçêÉë~ï=íÜÉ=êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêDë=ÅçåíêáJ
Äìíáçå=íç=ëçÅá~ä=ëÉÅìêáíó=~ë=~=ï~ó=íç=éêçãçíÉ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çÑ=ÅÉêí~áå=Öêçìéë=ïáíÜ=~=äçï=ÇÉã~åÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ä~Äçìê=ã~êâÉíW=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉI=óçìåÖ=éÉçéäÉ=äççâJ
áåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=Ñáêëí=àçÄ=~åÇ=äçåÖJíÉêã=ìåÉãéäçóÉÇK=
NSM== i~ï=NTLOMMMK=

SO=
 ^ååÉñ=fff=J=fåáíá~íáîÉë=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçìåíêáÉë=

fffKQKPK= aáëãáëë~ä=ä~ï=
dÉêã~åóW= páåÅÉ= g~åì~êó= NVVV= íÜÉ= íÜêÉëÜçäÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= aáëãáëë~ä= éêçíÉÅíáçå= ä~ï= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ÇÉJ
NSN
ÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÉå=íç=ÑáîÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=qÜìëI=ãáÅêç=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=ëáñ=íç=íÉå=ïçêâÉêë =~êÉ=ÅçîÉêÉÇ=çåÅÉ=~Ö~áå=Äó=
íÜáë=ä~ïK=få=NVVSI=íÜÉ=íÜêÉëÜçäÇ=Ü~Ç=ÄÉÉå=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=Ñêçã=ÑáîÉ=íç=íÉå=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ëÉí=~å=áåÅÉåíáîÉ=Ñçê=
íÜÉëÉ=Ñáêãë=íç=ÜáêÉ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=

pïÉÇÉåW=páåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=OMMN=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ïáíÜ=äÉëë=íÜ~å=íÉå=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Å~åI=ïÜÉå=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=ëÜçêí~ÖÉ=çÑ=ïçêâI=äÉ~îÉ=
çìí=íïç=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=êìäÉ=Úä~ëí=áå=Ñáêëí=çìíÛ=íÜ~í=ÖÉåÉê~ääó=áë=~ééäáÉÇ=ëç=íÜ~í=íïç=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íÜ~í=åçêã~ääó=
ïçìäÇ=Ñ~ää=ìåÇÉê=íÜáë=êìäÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÉñÅäìÇÉÇ=Ñêçã=áíK=

dêÉÉÅÉW=`çãéÉåë~íáçå=íç=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=áå=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=Çáëãáëë~ä=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇK=qÜÉ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=ÅçãéÉåë~íáçå=áë=~=
NSO
ÑìåÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=Ü~ë=ïçêâÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÉãéäçóÉêK ==

fffKQKQK= tçêâáåÖ=íáãÉ=
ëí
^ìëíêá~W=páåÅÉ=PN =aÉÅÉãÄÉê=OMMNI=^ìëíêá~=Ü~Ç=íç=~äíÉê=íÜÉ=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=ÅçåÅÉêåáåÖ=åáÖÜíJïçêâK=qÜÉ=ÑçêãÉê=ä~ï=
ë~áÇ=íÜ~í=ÑÉã~äÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~êÉ=åçí=~ääçïÉÇ=íç=ïçêâ=~í=åáÖÜí=EïáíÜ=ÑÉï=ÉñÉãéíáçåë=ëìÅÜ=~ë=ï~áíêÉëëÉëI=åìêëÉë=çê=
ÇçÅíçêëFK= ^ãÉåÇãÉåíë= Ü~Ç= íç= ÄÉ= ã~ÇÉI= ~ë= íÜáë= áë= åçí= áå= ÅçåÑçêãáíó= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉ= bìêçéÉ~å= råJ
NSP
áçåK =

dêÉÉÅÉW=lîÉêíáãÉ=ïçêâ=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=ã~ÇÉ=ãçêÉ=Åçëíäó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅí=íÜ~í=íÜáë=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=áå=êÉÖìJ
ä~íáçå=ëÉíë=~å=áåÅÉåíáîÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=íç=ÜáêÉ=åÉï=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=lå=íÜÉ=çíÜÉê=ëáÇÉ=íÜÉ=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìê=Ü~ë=íÜÉ=êáÖÜí=
íç=~êê~åÖÉ=íÜÉ=óÉ~êäó=ïçêâáåÖ=íáãÉ=çÑ=~å=ÉãéäçóÉÉ=ëç=íÜ~í=ÅÉêí~áå=ÑäÉñáÄáäáíó=áë=Öì~ê~åíÉÉÇK=

fêÉä~åÇW=qÜÉ=tçêâáåÖ=qáãÉ=^Åí=Å~ãÉ=áåíç=çéÉê~íáçå=çå=~=éÜ~ëÉÇ=Ä~ëáë=áå=pÉéíÉãÄÉê=NVVTK=páåÅÉ=j~êÅÜ=NVVU=áí=áë=
Ñìääó= ~ééäáÉÇK= táíÜ= íÜáë= ^Åí= ãçêÉ= äáãáíÉÇ= ã~ñáãìã= ïçêâáåÖ= ÜçìêëI= ÉåíáíäÉãÉåíë= íç= ãáåáãìã= êÉëí= éÉêáçÇëI= ~åÇ=
áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=ãáåáãìã=ÜçäáÇ~ó=ÉåíáíäÉãÉåíë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇK=
NSQ
mçêíìÖ~äW= få= j~êÅÜ= NVVVI= åÉï= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= Ñçê= åáÖÜíJíáãÉ= ïçêâ= ï~ë= áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ = íÜ~í= éêçîáÇÉë= ~= ãçêÉ= å~êêçï=
ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=åáÖÜí=ïçêâK=fí=áë=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=ä~ï=~åÇ=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜ=ÅçääÉÅíáîÉ=Ä~êÖ~áåáåÖI=ïÜáÅÜ=ï~ë=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=íç=
ÄÉ=íÜÉ=ãçëí=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ï~ó=íç=~Ç~éí=íÜÉ=äÉÖ~ä=êÉÖáãÉ=íç=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇë=~åÇ=ÇÉã~åÇë=çÑ=É~ÅÜ=ëÉÅíçêK=qÜáë=åÉï=äÉÖáëJ
ä~íáçå=áë=~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=íç=ÄçíÜ=ãÉå=~åÇ=ïçãÉåK=mêÉîáçìë=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=éêçÜáÄáíÉÇ=ïçãÉå=Ñêçã=ïçêâáåÖ=~í=åáÖÜíK=

fffKQKR= iÉÖáëä~íáçå=Ñçê=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ëçÅá~ä=Öêçìéë=
dÉêã~åóW=páåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=OMMN=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=ïáíÜ=OM=~åÇ=ãçêÉ=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=çÄäáÖÉÇ=íç=Éãéäçó=~í=äÉ~ëí=R=B=
Çáë~ÄäÉÇ= éÉçéäÉK= qÜÉ= ÑçêãÉê= êÉÖìä~íáçå= ÑçêÉë~ï= ~= íÜêÉëÜçäÇ= çÑ= NS= ÉãéäçóÉÉë= ~åÇ= ~= ÅçêêÉëéçåÇáåÖ= èìçí~= çÑ=
NSR
S=BK =

fêÉä~åÇW=qÜÉ=`~êÉêëÛ=iÉ~îÉ=^Åí=Å~ãÉ=áåíç=ÉÑÑÉÅí=áå=OMMN=~åÇ=~ääçïë=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=íç=í~âÉ=íÉãéçê~êó=äÉ~îÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉáê=
ÉãéäçóãÉåí=Ñçê=~=éÉêáçÇ=çÑ=ìé=íç=NR=ãçåíÜë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=çÑ=éêçîáÇáåÖ=ÑìääJíáãÉ=Å~êÉ=Ñçê=çäÇÉê=éÉçéäÉ=çê=éÉçJ
éäÉ=ïáíÜ=Çáë~ÄáäáíáÉë=áå=åÉÉÇ=çÑ=ÑìääJíáãÉ=Å~êÉ=~åÇ=~ííÉåíáçåK=

fí~äóW=qÜÉ=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=gçÄë=pìããáí=ã~áåäó=~ÇÇêÉëëÉÇ=íÜÉ=ã~íÅÜáåÖ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ä~J
NSS
Äçìê=ëìééäó=~åÇ=ÇÉã~åÇK =få=íÜáë=ÅçåíÉñí=ëéÉÅá~ä=í~êÖÉí=Öêçìéë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éçíÉåíá~ä=ä~Äçìê=ÑçêÅÉ=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ëíáéìJ
NST
ä~íÉÇK =

kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëW=få=íÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=íÜÉ=aáë~ÄäÉãÉåí=fåëìê~åÅÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=aáë~ÄäÉÇ=oÉáåíÉÖê~íáçå=^Åí=ïÉêÉ=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇK=
qÜÉ=~áã=áë=ã~áåäó=íç=ëíáãìä~íÉ=ëí~ÑÑ=êÉÅêìáíãÉåí=~ãçåÖ=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ëçÅá~ä=Öêçìé=çÑ=Çáë~ÄäÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=

pé~áåW=få=NVVT=~=åÉï=íóéÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~Åí=Ü~ë=ÄÉÉå=áåíêçÇìÅÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÑçëíÉê=éÉêã~åÉåí=ÜáêáåÖ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=~ãçåÖ=
NSU
ëçÅá~ä=Öêçìéë=ïáíÜ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíáÉë=íç=ÉåíÉê=íÜÉ=àçÄ=ã~êâÉíK ==

NSN== få=dÉêã~åó=íÜÉëÉ=Ñáêãë=êÉéêÉëÉåí=áå=íçí~ä=~Äçìí=íïç=ãáääáçå=ÉãéäçóÉÉëK=
NSO== aáëãáëë~ä=ä~ïë=EiK=ONNOLOM=~åÇ=ä~ï=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=NSLNUKTKOMMMFK=
NSP== ^êíK=R=çÑ=TSLOMTLbtdK=
NSQ== aÉÅêÉÉJä~ï=VSLVVK=
NSR== mêÉîáçìëäóI=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Ü~Ç=íç=é~ó=~=ãçåíÜäó=ÅçãéÉåë~íáçå=ÑÉÉ=Ñçê=ÉîÉêó=î~Å~åí=ïçêâáåÖ=éä~ÅÉ=Äó=Çáë~ÄäÉÇ=éÉçéäÉI=íÜÉ=åÉï=êìäÉ=åçï=ÅçåëáÇÉêë=ãçêÉ=ëíêçåÖäó=íÜÉ=
ÇÉÖêÉÉ=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=ÉãéäçóÉê=ÑìäÑáä=íÜÉáê=çÄäáÖ~íáçåK=qÜÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=áåíÉåÇë=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=RM=MMM=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=àçÄë=Ñçê=Ü~åÇáÅ~ééÉÇ=éÉçéäÉK=få=Å~ëÉ=íÜáë=~áã=ëÜçìäÇ=åçí=ÄÉ=
êÉ~ÅÜÉÇ=ìåíáä=lÅíçÄÉê=OMMOI=íÜÉ=èìçí~=ïáää=ÄÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=íç=S=B=çåÅÉ=~Ö~áåK=
NSS== i~ï=aÉÅêÉÉ=NUNLOMMMW=Úaáëéçëáíáçåë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=Ñ~Åáäáí~íÉ=íÜÉ=ã~íÅÜáåÖ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÇÉã~åÇ=~åÇ=ëìééäóÛK=
NST= ^ää= çíÜÉê= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= êÉÖìä~íáçåI= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉI= ë~ÑÉíó= ~åÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éêçíÉÅíáçåI= Çáëãáëë~ä= ä~ï= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉÖìä~íáçå= çÑ= ïçêâáåÖ= íáãÉ= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ~äíÉêÉÇ= ~äêÉ~Çó=
ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=àçÄë=ëìããáíK=páåÅÉ=íÜÉåI=åç=ÑìêíÜÉê=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=Ü~îÉ=çÅÅìêêÉÇK=
NSU== i~ï=SPLNVVTK=

SP
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=

fffKQKSK= eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉÖìä~íáçå=
^ìëíêá~W=páåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=OMMMI=ÉåíêÉéêÉåÉìêë=ÉãéäçóáåÖ=~í=äÉ~ëí=íÉå=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Ü~îÉ=Ü~Ç=íç=~ééçáåí=~=ÅçåÑáÇ~åí=Ñçê=
NSV
ëÉÅìêáíó=ã~ííÉêë=EÚpáÅÜÉêÜÉáíëîÉêíê~ìÉåëéÉêëçåÛF=~åÇ=íç=éêçîáÇÉ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ãÉÇáÅáåÉK =

cìêíÜÉêãçêÉI= áå= OMMM= ~å= ~ãÉåÇãÉåí= íç= íÜÉ= i~Äçìê= i~ïI= íÜÉ= ëçJÅ~ääÉÇ= Ú^êÄÉáíëêÉÅÜíë®åÇÉêìåÖëÖÉëÉíò= OMMMÛI=
ÄêçìÖÜí=~å=Éèì~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=ÄäìÉJ=~åÇ=ïÜáíÉJÅçää~ê=ïçêâÉêëK=jçëí=áãéçêí~åí=áå=íÜáë=êÉëéÉÅí=áë=íÜÉ=ÉñíÉåëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=
éÉêáçÇ=Ñçê=ÅçåíáåìáåÖ=ï~ÖÉ=é~óãÉåí=áå=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=ëáÅâåÉëëI=~å=ÉåíáíäÉãÉåí=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçãéÉåë~íÉÇ=áå=Å~ëÉ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~äëç=~=
íÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåíK=

dÉêã~åóW=páåÅÉ=g~åì~êó=NVVVI=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=çåÅÉ=~Ö~áå=êÉÅÉáîÉ=NMM=B=ÅçåíáåìáåÖ=ï~ÖÉ=é~óãÉåí=áå=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=ëáÅâJ
åÉëëK=_ÉÑçêÉ=NVVV=íÜÉ=êÉãìåÉê~íáçå=ï~ë=äáãáíÉÇ=íç=UM=B=çÑ=íÜÉ=ï~ÖÉ=é~óãÉåíK=

pïÉÇÉåW= få= pïÉÇÉå= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= éêçéçë~äë= íÜ~í= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ëÜçìäÇ= é~ó= ~= ä~êÖÉê= ~ãçìåí= çÑ= ëáÅâ= äÉ~îÉI= íÜáë= ïáää= ÄÉ=
ÅçãéÉåë~íÉÇ= Äó= äçïÉê= é~óêçää= í~ñK= qÜÉ= áÇÉ~= áë= íÜ~í= ÉãéäçóÉêë= ëÜçìäÇ= í~âÉ= çîÉê= ~å= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó= Ñçê=
íÜÉáê=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=Äó=ÉåëìêáåÖ=ÖççÇ=ïçêâáåÖ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=Ñçê=íÜÉã=~åÇ=íç=í~âÉ=áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó=Ñçê=íÜÉáê=êÉJ
Ü~Äáäáí~íáçåK==

NSV== ¬=NM=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ú^êÄÉáíåÉÜãÉêfååÉåëÅÜìíòÖÉëÉíòÛ=Ei~Äçìê=mêçíÉÅíáçå=i~ïFK=

SQ=
 ^ååÉñ=fs=
k~ãÉë=~åÇ=~ÇÇêÉëëÉë=çÑ=
íÜÉ=Åçåëçêíáìã=é~êíåÉêë=
=

=
lêÖ~åáë~íáçå= ^ÇÇêÉëë= qÉäÉéÜçåÉ= `çåí~Åí=éÉêëçå=
qÉäÉÑ~ñ=

hmjd=péÉÅá~ä=pÉêîáÅÉë= ml=_çñ=TQRMM= PN=OM=SRSTUVM= jáÅÜ~Éä=sÉäíã~å=

NMTM=a_=^jpqboa^j= PN=OM=SRSTTMM= îÉäíã~åKãáÅÜ~Éä]âéãÖKåä=
qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
ÜííéWLLïïïKâéãÖKåä=
bfj=_ìëáåÉëë=C=mçäáÅó= ml=_çñ=TMMN= PN=TV=PQNPSPQ= oçÄ=î~å=ÇÉê=eçêëí=
oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= OTMN=^^=wlbqbojbbo= PN=TV=PQNRMOQ= êîÜ]ÉáãKåä=
qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇëI=~åÇW= =
^îÉåìÉ=ÇÉë=^êíë=QNI=Äçñ=Q== PO=O=RNMMUUQ=
NMQM=_orppbip= PO=O=RNMMUUR=
_ÉäÖáìã= =
ÜííéWLLïïïKÉáãKåä=
fåíçã~êí= ml=_çñ=NMMMQ= PN=PR=SORUQNN= ^ííó=pãáí=
NOMN=a^=efisboprj= PN=PR=SOQSRPO= ~ííóKëãáí]áåíçã~êíKåä=
qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë=
ÜííéWLLïïïKáåíçã~êíKåä=

bkpo=J=bìêçéÉ~å=kÉíïçêâ=Ñçê=pjb=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=

^ìëíêá~= = = =
^ìëíêá~å=fåëíáíìíÉ=Ñçê=pã~ää== dìëëÜ~ìëëíê~ëëÉ=U= QP=N=RMRVTSN= qÜçã~ë=lÄÉêÜçäòåÉê=
_ìëáåÉëë=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=EfÑdeF= NMQM=sfbkk^= QP=N=RMPQSSM= íKçÄÉêÜçäòåÉê]áÑÖÜK~ÅK~í=
ÜííéWLLïïïKáÑÖÜK~ÅK~í=
_ÉäÖáìã== = = =
pã~ää=_ìëáåÉëë=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= sêáàÜÉáÇëä~~å=NT= PO=O=QNOQONN= mêçÑÉëëçê=gçÜ~å=i~ãÄêÉÅÜí=
fåëíáíìíÉI=hKrK=_êìëëÉä= NMUN=_orppbip= PO=O=QNOQOMM= àçÜ~åKä~ãÄêÉÅÜí]éêçÑKÉÜë~äKÄÉ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKâìÄêìëëÉäK~ÅKÄÉLáåÇÉñOKÜíãä=
aÉåã~êâ== = = =
a~åáëÜ=qÉÅÜåçäçÖáÅ~ä=fåëíáíìíÉ= ml=_çñ=NQN= QR=TOOM=OMMM= cê~åâ=pâçî=hêáëíÉåëÉå=
EaqfF= OSPM=q~~ëíêìé= QR=TOOM=OTMT= Ñê~åâKëâçîKâêáëíÉåëÉå]íÉâåçäçÖáëâKÇâ
`lmbke^dbk=
ÜííéWLLïïïKìâKíÉâåçäçÖáëâKÇâ=
cáåä~åÇ== = = =
pã~ää=_ìëáåÉëë=fåëíáíìíÉI=qìêâì== ml=_çñ=NNM= PRU=O=PPUPRQU= rää~=eóííá=
pÅÜççä=çÑ=bÅçåçãáÅë=~åÇ== OMRON=qrohr= PRU=O=PPUPPVP= ìää~KÜóííá]íìâââKÑá=
_ìëáåÉëë=^Çãáåáëíê~íáçå= ÜííéWLLïïïKíìâââKÑáLëÄá=
cê~åÅÉ== = = =
^ëëçÅá~íáçå=éçìê=ä~=mêçãçíáçå= _çÜíÉ=mçëí~äÉ=NRNKNS= PP=N=QTOTRNQV= gÉ~åJcê~å´çáë=m~éáå=
Éí=äÉ=a¨îÉäçééÉãÉåí=fåÇìëíêáÉä= TRTSQ=m^ofp=`ÉÇÉñ=NS= PP=N=QTOTRNRM= ÇÉîéãá]~éêçÇáKÅçã=
E^molafF= ÜííéWLLïïïK~éêçÇáKÅçã=
dÉêã~åó== = = =
fåëíáíìí=ÑÏê=jáííÉäëí~åÇëJ= j~ñáãáäá~åëíê~ëëÉ=OM= QV=OOU=TOVVTM= aêK=p~åáí~=pÅÜêÕÉê=
ÑçêëÅÜìåÖ=EfÑjF= RPNNN=_lkk=N= QV=OOU=TOVVTPQ= ëÅÜêçÉÉê]áÑãJÄçååKçêÖ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKáÑãJÄçååKçêÖ=
dêÉÉÅÉ== = = =
råáîÉêëáíó=çÑ=máê~Éìë= féëáä~åíçì=NPM= PM=N=QNQOOUM= mêçÑÉëëçê=mÉíêçë=iáî~ë=
mfo^brp=NUR=PO= PM=N=QNQOSOV= âÉéé]ìåáéáKÖê=
ÜííéWLLïïïKìåáéáKÖê=
fÅÉä~åÇ== = = =
k~íáçå~ä=bÅçåçãáÅ=fåëíáíìíÉ=çÑ= h~äâçÑåëîÉÖá=N= PRQ=RSV=VRMM= páÖìêÇìê=dìÇãìåÇëëçå=
fÅÉä~åÇ=EkbfF= NRM=obvhg^sfh= PRQ=RSO=SRQM= ëáÖìêÇìêKÖìÇãìåÇëëçå]íÜëKáë=
ÜííéWLLïïïKíÜëKáëLÉåÖLå~íÉÅLáåÇÉñKÜíã=

SR=
oÉÅêìáíãÉåí=çÑ=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW=~Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=ÄìêÇÉåë=çå=pjbë=áå=bìêçéÉ=
lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=
fêÉä~åÇ==
qÜÉ=bÅçåçãáÅ=~åÇ=pçÅá~ä==
oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=fåëíáíìíÉ=EbpofF=
fí~äó==
`ob^=Úcìêáç=`áÅçÖå~Û=
råáîÉêëáí¶=_çÅÅçåá=
fí~äó==
fëíáíìíç=dìÖäáÉäãç=q~Öäá~Å~êåÉ=
iáÉÅÜíÉåëíÉáå==
pÅÜïÉáòÉêáëÅÜÉë=fåëíáíìí=ÑÏê==
ÖÉïÉêÄäáÅÜÉ=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí=~å=ÇÉê==
råáîÉêëáí®í=píK=d~ääÉå=EfdtF=
iìñÉãÄçìêÖ==
`Ü~ãÄêÉ=ÇÉë=j¨íáÉêë=Çì==
dê~åÇJaìÅܨ=ÇÉ=iìñÉãÄçìêÖ=
qÜÉ=kÉíÜÉêä~åÇë==
bfj=_ìëáåÉëë=C=mçäáÅó=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ= ml=_çñ=TMMN=
kçêï~ó=
^dabo=oÉëÉ~êÅÜ=cçìåÇ~íáçå=
E^ocF=
mçêíìÖ~ä==
fåëíáíìíç=ÇÉ=^éçáç=¶ë=mÉèìÉå~ë=
É=j¨Çá~ë=bãéêÉë~ë=É=~ç==
fåîÉëíáãÉåíç=Ef^mjbfF=
pé~áå==
fåëíáíìíç=s~ëÅç=ÇÉ=bëíìÇáçë=É==
fåîÉëíáÖ~Åáµå=EfhbfF=
pïÉÇÉå=
pïÉÇáëÜ=k~íáçå~ä=_ç~êÇ=Ñçê=
fåÇìëíêá~ä=~åÇ=qÉÅÜåáÅ~ä==
aÉîÉäçéãÉåí=EkrqbhF=
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ==
pÅÜïÉáòÉêáëÅÜÉë=fåëíáíìí==
ÑÏê=ÖÉïÉêÄäáÅÜÉ=táêíëÅÜ~Ñí==
~å=ÇÉê=råáîÉêëáí®í=píK=d~ääÉå=
EfdtFX=lÄëÉêî~=píK=d~ääÉå=
pïáíòÉêä~åÇ==
bÅçÛaá~ÖåçëíáÅX=lÄëÉêî~=
dÉåÉî~=
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã==
`ÉåíêÉ=Ñçê=pã~ää=~åÇ=jÉÇáìã=
páòÉÇ=båíÉêéêáëÉëI=råáîÉêëáíó==
çÑ=t~êïáÅâ=
råáíÉÇ=háåÖÇçã==
`ÉåíêÉ=Ñçê=bìêçéÉ~å=~åÇ==
fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=`çåëìäí~åÅóI=
iÉáÅÉëíÉê=_ìëáåÉëë=pÅÜççäI=
aÉ=jçåíÑçêí=råáîÉêëáíó==
SS=
^ÇÇêÉëë= qÉäÉéÜçåÉ= `çåí~Åí=éÉêëçå=
qÉäÉÑ~ñ=
= = =
QI=_ìêäáåÖíçå=oç~Ç= PRP=N=SSTNROR= aêK=bçáå=lÛj~ääÉó=
ar_ifk=Q= PRP=N=SSUSOPN= ÉçáåKçÛã~ääÉó]ÉëêáKáÉ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKÉëêáKáÉ=
= = =
sá~äÉ=cáäáééÉííá=V= PV=MO=RUPSPTMV= mêçÑÉëëçê=dáìäá~åç=jìëë~íá=
OMNOO=jfi^k= PV=MO=RUPSPTVO= ÅëÅáÅçÖå~]ìåáJÄçÅÅçåáKáí=
ÜííéWLLïïïKìåáJÄçÅÅçåáKáíLÉåÖLêÉë|ÅÉåíÉêKÜíãä Öáìäá~åçKãìëë~íá]ìåáJÄçÅÅçåáKáí=
= = =
sá~=^ééá~=máÖå~íÉääá=SO= PV=MS=TUMRON= m~çäç=`çêíÉëÉ=
MMNTU=oljb= PV=MS=TUQONPS= éKÅçêíÉëÉ]í~Öäá~Å~êåÉKáí=
ÜííéWLLïïïKí~Öäá~Å~êåÉKáí=
= = =
háêÅÜäáëíê~ëëÉ=QQ= QN=TN=OQPMTMM= t~äíÉê=tÉÄÉê=
VMNM=píK=d^iibk= QN=TN=OQPMTMN= ï~äíÉêKïÉÄÉê]ìåáëÖKÅÜ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKáÖïKìåáëÖKÅÜ=
= = =
_çÜíÉ=mçëí~äÉ=NSMQ= PRO=QOSTSTN= j~êÅ=dêçëë=
NMNS=irubj_lrod= PRO=QOSTUT= ã~êÅKÖêçëë]ÅÜ~ãÄêÉJÇÉëJãÉíáÉêëKäì=
ÜííéWLLïïïKÅÇãKäì==
= = =
PN=TV=PQNPSPQ= hççë=î~å=bäâ=
OTMN=^^==wlbqbojbbo= PN=TV=PQORTUS= âîÉ]ÉáãKåä=
ÜííéWLLïïïKÉáãKåäL=
= = =
pÉêîáÅÉÄçâë=QNR= QT=PUN=QOOMM= aêK=mÉêJ^åÇÉêë=e~îåÉë=
dáãäÉãçÉå= QT=PUN=QOOMN= éÉê|~|Ü~îåÉë]~ÖÇÉêÑçêëâåáåÖKåç=
QSMQ=hofpqf^kp^ka=
ÜííéWLLïïïK~ÖÇÉêÑçêëâåáåÖKåçL=
ÉåÖäáëÜLáåÇÉñKÜíã=
= = =
oì~=oçÇêáÖç=Ç~=cçåëÉÅ~I=TPJOÉ== PRN=ON=PUPSMMM= gçë¨=iìáë=p~åíçë=
NOVSJNRU=ifp_lk= PRN=ON=PUPSOPQ= àçëÉKäìáë]á~éãÉáKéí=
ÜííéWLLïïïKá~éãÉáKéí==
= = =
m~êèìÉ=bãéêÉë~êá~ä=wì~íòì= PQ=VQP=QOSSNM= f¥áÖç=fëìëá=
bÇáÑáÅáç=rêìãÉ~=mä~åí~=NŸ= PQ=VQP=QOPRMN= ááëìëá]áâÉáKÉë=
wìÄáÄÉêêá=_áÇÉ~=å⁄=PN=
bOMMNU=alklpqf^Jp^k=pb_^pqf^k=
ÜííéWLLïïïKáâÉáKÉë=
= = =
NNT=US=pql`helij= QS=U=SUNVNMM= eÉåêáâ=iÉîáå=
ÜííéWLLïïïKåìíÉâKëÉ= QS=U=SUNVNNU= ÜÉåêáâKäÉîáå]åìíÉâKëÉ=
= = =
háêÅÜäáëíê~ëëÉ=QQ= QN=TN=OQPMTMM= j~êÖêáí=e~ÄÉêë~~í=
VMNM=píK=d^iibk= QN=TN=OQPMTMN= ã~êÖêáíKÜ~ÄÉêë~~í]ìåáëÖKÅÜ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKáÖïKìåáëÖKÅÜ=
= = =
POI=oìÉ=ÇÉ=äÛ^íܨå¨É= QN=OO=TUVNQOO= aêK=^ä~áå=pÅÜçÉåÉåÄÉêÖÉê=
NOMS=dbkbs^= QN=OO=TUVNQSM= ëÅÜçÉåÉåÄÉêÖÉê]ÉÅçÇá~ÖåçëíáÅKÅÜ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKÉÅçÇá~ÖåçëíáÅKÅÜ==
EìåÇÉê=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçåF=
= = =
`lsbkqov=`sQ=T^i= QQ=OQ=TSROPSVO= mêçÑÉëëçê=a~îáÇ=píçêÉó=
ÜííéWLLìëÉêëKïÄëKï~êïáÅâK~ÅKìâLÅëãÉ= QQ=OQ=TSROPTQT= ëãÉÇë]ê~òçêKïÄëKï~êïáÅâK~ÅKìâ=
= = =
qÜÉ=d~íÉï~ó= QQ=NNSO=RMSOVP= gìäá~å=e~åÅçÅâ=
ibN=V_e=ibf`bpqbo= QQ=NNSO=RTTOSQ= àãÜÄìë]ÇãìK~ÅKìâ=
ÜííéWLLïïïKÇãìK~ÅKìâLc~ÅìäíáÉëLÄäL`bf`KÜíãä=
 Oqtg"kphqtocvkqp"qp"Gpvgtrtkug"FI
Cffkvkqpcn" wughwn" kphqtocvkqp" qp" vjg" yqtm" qh" Eqookuukqpgt" Gtmmk Nkkmcpgp" cpf" vjg" Gpvgtrtkug" Fktgevqtcvg/Igpgtcn" ku
cxckncdng"vjtqwij"rtkpvgf"rwdnkecvkqpu"cpf"qp"vjg"ygd0

Eqookuukqpgt Gtmmk Nkkmcpgp."tgurqpukdng"hqt"Gpvgtrtkug"cpf"vjg"Kphqtocvkqp"Uqekgv{<

jvvr<11gwtqrc0gw0kpv1eqoo1eqookuukqpgtu1nkkmcpgp1kpfgzagp0jvo

Gpvgtrtkug"FI"qp"vjg"ygd<
jvvr<11gwtqrc0gw0kpv1eqoo1fiu1gpvgtrtkug1kpfgzagp0jvo

EQTFKU"*Eqoowpkv{"Tgugctej"cpf"Fgxgnqrogpv"Kphqtocvkqp"Ugtxkeg+<
jvvr<11yyy0eqtfku0nw

Gpvgtrtkug"FI"yqtm"rtqitcoog<
jvvr<11gwtqrc0gw0kpv1eqoo1fiu1gpvgtrtkug1yqtmartqitcooga42240jvo

Gpvgtrtkug FIÅu"rtkpvgf"rwdnkecvkqpu<
jvvr<11gwtqrc0gw0kpv1eqoo1gpvgtrtkug1nkdtct{1kpfgz0jvo

Gpvgtrtkug"Rwdnkecvkqpu
Gpvgtrtkug" Gwtqrg" ku" c" htgg/qh/ejctig" pgyungvvgt" rwdnkujgf" swctvgtn{" kp" vjg" 33" Eqoowpkv{" ncpiwcigu" d{" vjg
Gpvgtrtkug"Fktgevqtcvg/Igpgtcn0"Kv"eqxgtu"vjg"yjqng"tcpig"qh"Gpvgtrtkug" FIÅu"yqtm."cppqwpekpi"pgy"kpkvkcvkxgu"cu"ygnn
cu"rtqxkfkpi"rtcevkecn"kphqtocvkqp0
jvvr<11gwtqrc0gw0kpv1eqoo1gpvgtrtkug1nkdtct{1gpvgtrtkug/gwtqrg1kpfgz0jvo

EQTFKU"hqewu"ku"rwdnkujgf"vykeg"c"oqpvj"kp"Gpinkuj."Htgpej."Igtocp."Kvcnkcp"cpf"Urcpkuj0"Kv"rtqxkfgu"c"tgxkgy"qh"vjg
ockp" fgxgnqrogpvu" kp" cnn" curgevu" qh" Gwtqrgcp" Wpkqp" tgugctej" cpf" kppqxcvkqp" cevkxkvkgu." eqxgtkpi" igpgtcn" rqnke{
fgxgnqrogpvu."rtqitcoog"korngogpvcvkqp."ecnnu"hqt"vgpfgtu"cpf"tguwnvu."gxgpvu."ngikuncvkxg"cevkxkvkgu."cpf"owej"oqtg0
jvvr<11yyy0eqtfku0nw1hqewu1gp1ute1hqewu0jvo

Kppqxcvkqp"("Vgejpqnqi{"Vtcpuhgt"ku"rwdnkujgf"ukz"vkogu"c"{gct"kp"Gpinkuj."Htgpej."Igtocp."Kvcnkcp"cpf"Urcpkuj
d{"vjg"Gwtqrgcp"Eqookuukqp)u"Kppqxcvkqp"Rtqitcoog."yjkej"ckou"vq"rtqoqvg"kppqxcvkqp"cv"Eqoowpkv{"ngxgn"cpf
gpeqwtcigu" UOG" rctvkekrcvkqp" wpfgt" vjg" Hkhvj" Tgugctej" Htcogyqtm" Rtqitcoog0" Vjg" gorjcuku" ku" qp" vkogn{" pgyu
tgngxcpv"vq"vjgug"qdlgevkxgu"cpf"kp/fgrvj"Äecug"uvwfkguÅ"qh"uweeguuhwn"rtqlgevu0
jvvr<11yyy0eqtfku0nw1kvv1kvv/gp1jqog0jvon

Gwtqcduvtcevu" ku" rwdnkujgf" ukz" vkogu" c" {gct" kp" Gpinkuj" d{" vjg" )Kppqxcvkqp" cpf" UOGu)" rtqitcoog." rctv" qh" vjg
Gwtqrgcp" Eqookuukqp)u" Hkhvj" Tgugctej" Htcogyqtm" Rtqitcoog0" Vjg" Kppqxcvkqp" cpf" UOGu" rtqitcoog" rtqoqvgu
kppqxcvkqp"cpf"gpeqwtcigu"vjg"rctvkekrcvkqp"qh"uocnn"cpf"ogfkwo/uk|gf"gpvgtrtkugu"kp"vjg"Htcogyqtm"Rtqitcoog0
jvvr<11yyy0eqtfku0nw1gwtqcduvtcevu1gp1jqog0jvon

Gwtqrgcp" Vtgpf" Ejctv" qp" Kppqxcvkqp" pgyungvvgt0" Vjg" Vtgpf" Ejctv" rtqlgev" fgxgnqru" rtcevkecn" vqqnu" hqt
kppqxcvkqp" rqnke{" ocmgtu" kp" Gwtqrg0" Kv" rwtuwgu" vjg" eqnngevkqp." tgiwnct" wrfcvkpi" cpf" cpcn{uku" qh" kphqtocvkqp" qp
kppqxcvkqp" rqnkekgu" cv" pcvkqpcn" cpf" Eqoowpkv{" ngxgn0" Vjg" pgyungvvgt" ku" rwdnkujgf" swctvgtn{" kp" Gpinkuj." Htgpej" cpf
Igtocp0"Hwtvjgt"tgrqtvu"cpf"uvwfkgu"ctg"cxckncdng"qp"vjg"ygd"ukvg"jvvr<11vtgpfejctv0eqtfku0nw1Tgrqtvu1

Gpvgtrtkug"Rcrgtu
Dwukpguu"ocpcigogpv"hcevqtu"cpf"rgthqtocpeg"cetquu"eqwpvtkgu0"Pq"32."42240
L0O0 Ktkiq{gp0"42240"76"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/CG/24/225/GP/E

Dwukpguu"korcev"cuuguuogpv"rknqv"rtqlgev0"Hkpcn"tgrqtv"À"Nguuqpu"ngctpgf"cpf"vjg"yc{"hqtyctf0
Pq";."42240 Gwtqrgcp"Eqookuukqp0"42240"62rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/CG/24/224/GP/E

Vgejpqnqi{"rqnke{"kp"vjg"vgngeqoowpkecvkqp"ugevqt"À"Octmgv"tgurqpugu"cpf"geqpqoke"korcevu0
Pq":."42240 Jgnk Mqumk0"42240"68"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/CG/24/223/GP/E

89
Kppqxcvkqp"cpf"eqorgvkvkxgpguu"kp"Gwtqrgcp"dkqvgejpqnqi{0"Pq"9."42240
C0 Cnncpufqvvkt."C0"Dqpceeqtuk"gv"cn0"42240"334"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/62/23/8;2/GP/E

Cuuguuogpv"etkvgtkc"hqt"fkuvkpiwkujkpi"dgvyggp"eqorgvkvkxg"cpf"fqokpcpv"qnkiqnqrkgu"kp"ogtigt"eqpvtqn0
Pq"8."42230 Gwtqrg"Geqpqokeu0"42230"386"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/62/23/82:/GP/E

Kppqxcvkqp."vgejpqnqi{"cpf"tkum"ecrkvcn0"Pq"7."42230
F0 Uvgkpdqem0"42230"6:"rr0"*GP+0""Ecv0"Pq"PD/62/23/55;/GP/E

GwtqrgÅu"rqukvkqp"kp"swcnkv{"eqorgvkvkqp0"Pq"6."42230
M0 Ckikpigt0"42230"88"rr0"*GP+0""Ecv0"Pq"PD/5:/23/;86/GP/E

Gzvgtpcn"ugtxkegu."uvtwevwtcn"ejcpig"cpf"kpfwuvtkcn"rgthqtocpeg0"Pq"5."42230
O0 Rgpgfgt."U0"Mcpkqxumk."D0"Fceju0"42230"58"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/5:/23/;78/GP/E

Vjg"vgzvkng"cpf"enqvjkpi"kpfwuvt{"kp"vjg"GW"À"C"uwtxg{0"Pq"4."42230
Y0 Uvgpii0"42230"8:"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/5:/23/992/GP/E

Inqdcn"eqorgvkvkxgpguu"kp"rjctocegwvkecnu"À"C"Gwtqrgcp"rgturgevkxg0"Pq"3."42230
C0 Icodctfgnnc."N0"Qtugpkiq."H0"Rcooqnnk0 42230"32:"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/59/23/384/GP/E

Kppqxcvkqp"Rcrgtu
46"Vjg"fgxgnqrogpv"cpf"korngogpvcvkqp"qh"Gwtqrgcp"gpvtgrtgpgwtujkr"vtckpkpi"ewttkewnwou0
42240"*GP+0"47;"rr0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/269/GP/E

44 Kppqdctqogvgt"4223"À"hncuj"Gwtqdctqogvgt"3220
42240"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/267/GP/E

43"Wpkxgtukv{"urkp/qwvu"kp"Gwtqrg"À"Qxgtxkgy"cpf"iqqf"rtcevkeg0
42240"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/268/GP/E

42"Cuuguuogpv"qh"vjg"Eqoowpkv{"tgikqpcn"kppqxcvkqp"cpf"vgejpqnqi{"uvtcvgikgu0
42240"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/24:/GP/E

3;"Eqtrqtcvkqp"vcz"cpf"Kppqxcvkqp0
42240"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/257/GP/E

3:"Kppqxcvkqp"cpf"gpvgtrtkug"etgcvkqp<"uvcvkuvkeu"cpf"kpfkecvqtu0
42230"522"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/25:/GP/E

39"Kppqxcvkqp"rqnke{"kp"Gwtqrg<"Gwtqrgcp"vtgpf"ejctv"qp"kppqxcvkqp0
42230"74"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/266/GP/E

38"Kppqxcvkqp"rqnke{"kuuwgu"kp"ukz"ecpfkfcvg"eqwpvtkgu<"vjg"ejcnngpigu0
3;2"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/258/GP/E

37"Iwctcpvgg"ogejcpkuou"hqt"hkpcpekpi"kppqxcvkxg"vgejpqnqi{0
42230"*GP+0"Ñ"42"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/263/GP/E

36"Kpvgtko"cuuguuogpv"qh"vjg"K/VGE"rknqv"rtqlgev0
42230"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/255/GP/E

35"Vtckpkpi"pggfu"qh"kpxguvogpv"cpcn{uvu0
42230"6:"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/253/GP/E

34"Kphqtocn"kpxguvqtu"cpf"jkij/vgej"gpvtgrtgpgwtujkr0
"42230";3"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/252/GP/E

33"Dwknfkpi"cp"kppqxcvkxg"geqpqo{"kp"Gwtqrg0
42230"89"rr0"*GP+0"Ñ"330720"Ecv0"Pq"PD/PC/39/265/GP/E

8:
 Qdugtxcvqt{"qh"Gwtqrgcp"UOGu
Tgetwkvogpv"qh"gornq{ggu<"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"dwtfgpu"qp"UOGu"kp"Gwtqrg0"Pq"9."42240
42240"94"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/229/,,/E0

Jkij/vgej UOGu"kp"Gwtqrg0"Pq"8."42240
82"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/228/,,/E0

Dwukpguu"Fgoqitcrj{"kp"Gwtqrg0"Pq"7."42240
96"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/227/,,/E0

Gwtqrgcp UOGu"cpf"Uqekcn"cpf"Gpxktqpogpvcn"Tgurqpukdknkv{0"Pq"6."42240
82"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/226/,,/E0

Tgikqpcn"Enwuvgtu"kp"Gwtqrg0"Pq"5."42240
86"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/225/,,/E0

UOGu"kp"Gwtqrg."kpenwfkpi"c"hktuv"incpeg"cv"GW"ecpfkfcvg"eqwpvtkgu0"Pq"4."42240
42240"74"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/224/,,/E0

Jkijnkijvu"htqo"vjg"4223"Uwtxg{0"Pq"3."42240
42240"54"rr0"*FG."GP."HT+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/36/23/223/,,/E0

Eqorgvkvkxgpguu"cpf"Dgpejoctmkpi
Iqqf"rtcevkeg"kp"kpfwuvt{/uekgpeg"tgncvkqpu."Dgpejoctmkpi"rcrgtu"Pq0"7."42240
42240"68"rr0"*GP+0"Ñ"90720"Ecv0"Pq"PD/65/24/;5;/GP/E

Gwtqrgcp"eqorgvkvkxgpguu"tgrqtv"42240
42240"348"rr0"*GP+0"Ñ"360"Ecv0"Pq"PD/CM/24/223/GP/E

Gwtqrgcp"eqorgvkvkxgpguu"tgrqtv"42230
42230"35;"rr0"*GP+0"Ñ"320"Ecv0"Pq"PD/5;/23/332/GP/E

C"rqemgv"dqqm"qh"gpvgtrtkug"rqnke{"kpfkecvqtu0"4223"gfkvkqp0
4;"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/63/23/86;/GP/E

Eqorgvkvkxgpguu."kppqxcvkqp"cpf"gpvgtrtkug"rgthqtocpeg0 C"ugngevkqp"qh"itcrju"cpf"vcdngu"htqo"vjg
eqorgvkvkxgpguu"tgrqtv."vjg"kppqxcvkqp"ueqtgdqctf"cpf"vjg"gpvgtrtkug"ueqtgdqctf0
Dtwuugnu."Gpvgtrtkug"FI."42230"326"r0"*GP+0

Tgrqtvu."uvwfkgu"gve0
Vjg"g/Geqpqo{"kp"Gwtqrg<"Kvu"rqvgpvkcn"korcev"qp"GW"gpvgtrtkugu"cpf"rqnkekgu."Dtwuugnu."3/4"Octej"42230
42230"69"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/57/23/275/GP/E

Etgcvkpi" cp" gpvtgrtgpgwtkcn" Gwtqrg0" Vjg" cevkxkvkgu" qh" vjg" Gwtqrgcp" Wpkqp" hqt" uocnn" cpf" ogfkwo/uk|gf
gpvgtrtkugu"*UOGu+"À"4222"gfkvkqp0"42230"372"rr0"*cnn"Eqoowpkv{"ncpiwcigu+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/49/22/;;4/,,/E

Vjg"kpvcpikdng"geqpqo{<"korcev"cpf"rqnke{"kuuwgu0
42230"7;"rr0"*GP+0"Ñ "420"Ecv0"Pq"PD/53/22/994/GP/E

Korngogpvcvkqp"tgrqtv"qp"vjg"cevkqp"rncp"vq"rtqoqvg"gpvtgrtgpgwtujkr"cpf"eqorgvkvkxgpguu0
4:"rr0"*cnn"Eqoowpkv{"ncpiwcigu+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/56/22/5;2/,,/E

Kpfwuvtkcn"curgevu"qh"vjg"kphqtocvkqp"uqekgv{<"dwukpguu"pgvyqtmu"cpf"vjg"mpqyngfig/ftkxgp"geqpqo{<
cp"gorktkecn"uvwf{"ecttkgf"qwv"kp"Gwtqrg"cpf"Ecpcfc0"42220":3"rr0"*GP+0"Ñ"650""Ecv0"Pq"EQ/47/;;/475/GP/E

Ogvjqfqnqikgu"hqt"dgpejoctmkpi"htcogyqtm"eqpfkvkqpu0
42220"39"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/53/22/9:2/GP/E

Vjg"tqng"qh"kphqtocvkqp"cpf"eqoowpkecvkqpu"vgejpqnqikgu"kp"itqyvj"cpf"eqorgvkvkxgpguu0
42220"39"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"EQ/48/;;/66;/GP/E

8;
 Gpvgtrtkug"Iwkfgu
Ogvjqfu"qh"tghgtgpekpi"uvcpfctfu"kp"ngikuncvkqp"ykvj"cp"gorjcuku"qp"Gwtqrgcp"ngikuncvkqp0
Dtwuugnu."Gpvgtrtkug"FI."42240"38"rr0"*GP+0

Jgnrkpi"dwukpguugu"qxgteqog"hkpcpekcn"fkhhkewnvkgu<"C"iwkfg"qp"iqqf"rtcevkegu"cpf"rtkpekrngu0
42240"63"rr0"*cnn"Eqoowpkv{"ncpiwcigu+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/5;/23/;48/,,/E

Tgetgcvkqpcn"etchv"fktgevkxg"cpf"eqoogpvu"vq"vjg"fktgevkxg"eqodkpgf0 C"iwkfg"vq"vjg"crrnkecvkqp"qh"Fktgevkxg
;61471GE"qh"38"Lwpg"3;;6"qp"vjg"crrtqzkocvkqp"qh"vjg"ncyu."tgiwncvkqpu"cpf"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"rtqxkukqpu"qh"vjg"Ogodgt
Uvcvgu"tgncvkpi"vq"tgetgcvkqpcn"etchv0 42230""326"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/3;/;:/556/GP/E

CVGZ"iwkfgnkpgu0 Iwkfgnkpgu"qp"vjg"crrnkecvkqp"qh"Fktgevkxg";61;1GE"qh"45"Octej"3;;6"qp"vjg"crrtqzkocvkqp"qh"vjg
ncyu"qh"vjg"Ogodgt"Uvcvgu"eqpegtpkpi"gswkrogpv"cpf"rtqvgevkxg"u{uvgou"kpvgpfgf"hqt"wug"kp"rqvgpvkcnn{"gzrnqukxg
cvoqurjgtgu0"42230"33:"rr0"*FG."HT."GP+0""Ecv0"Pq"PD/55/22/7:4/,,/E

Jgnrkpi"dwukpguugu"uvctv"wr<"C"Äiqqf"rtcevkeg"iwkfgÅ"hqt"dwukpguu"uwrrqtv"qticpkucvkqpu0
"42220"58"rr0"*cnn"Eqoowpkv{"ncpiwcigu+0"Ecv0"Pq"EV/47/;;/;:2/,,/E

Iwkfg"vq"vjg"korngogpvcvkqp"qh"fktgevkxgu"dcugf"qp"vjg"pgy"crrtqcej"cpf"vjg"inqdcn"crrtqcej0
"42220"334"rr0"*FG."HT."GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"EQ/44/;;/236/,,/E

Gngevtkecn"cpf"ogejcpkecn"gpikpggtkpi"fktgevqt{."4222"gfkvkqp0
42220"355"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"EQ/46/;;/497/GP/E

Wughwn"hcevu"kp"tgncvkqp"vq"vjg"rgtuqpcn"rtqvgevkxg"gswkrogpv"*RRG+"Fktgevkxg":;18:81GGE0
"42220"367"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"EQ/43/;;/242/GP/E

Ocejkpgt{<"wughwn"hcevu"kp"tgncvkqp"vq"Fktgevkxg";:1591GE0
"3;;;0"488"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"EQ/42/;;/:88/GP/E

Rjctocegwvkecnu"kp"vjg"Gwtqrgcp"Wpkqp0
"42220"58"rr0"*GP+0"Ecv0"Pq"PD/52/22/27;/GP/E

Equogvngz<"Vjg"twngu"iqxgtpkpi"equogvke"rtqfwevu"kp"vjg"Gwtqrgcp"Wpkqp0
"4222."5"xqn0"*GP+0"xqn0"3<"Equogvkeu"ngikuncvkqp."96"rr0."Ñ"36072="xqn0"4<"Ogvjqfu"qh"cpcn{uku."3:9"rr0"Ñ"53=
xqn0"5<"Iwkfgnkpgu.":6"rr0."Ñ"380
xqn0"3"Ecv0"Pq"PD/48/;;/;7:/GP/E"""xqn0"4"PD/48/;;/;88/GP/E"""xqn0"5"PD/48/;;/;96/GP/E

Gwftcngz<"Vjg"twngu"iqxgtpkpi"ogfkekpcn"rtqfwevu"kp"vjg"Gwtqrgcp"Wpkqp0
"3;;:/."*FG."GP."GU."HT."KV+."rtkegf0

Ogfkekpcn"rtqfwevu"hqt"jwocp"wug."xqnu"3."4c."4d."5
Ogfkekpcn"rtqfwevu"hqt"jwocp"cpf"xgvgtkpct{"wug."xqn"6
Xgvgtkpct{"ogfkekpcn"rtcevkeg."xqnu"7."8c."8d."9c."9d"*:"cpf";"pqv"{gv"rwdnkujgf+0
Qp/nkpg"xgtukqp<"rjctocequ0gwftc0qti1H41gwftcngz1kpfgz0jvo

Eqpvcev<

Gwtqrgcp"Eqookuukqp."Gpvgtrtkug"FI."Kphqtocvkqp"cpf"Eqoowpkecvkqp"Wpkv."Fqewogpvcvkqp"Egpvtg.
D/326;"Dtwuugnu."Dgnikwo
Hcz"*54/4+"4;8";;"52"""""""""""""jvvr<11gwtqrc0gw0kpv1eqoo1gpvgtrtkug1ockndqz1tgswguvahqtoagp0jvo

Gwtqrgcp"Eqookuukqp."Gpvgtrtkug"FI."Kppqxcvkqp"Fktgevqtcvg."Eqoowpkecvkqp"cpf"Cyctgpguu"Wpkv."GWHQ"44;7."Twg
Cnekfg"fg"Icurgtk."N/4;42"Nwzgodqwti
Hcz"*574+"6523"542:6 kppqxcvkqpBege0gw0kpv

Rwdnkecvkqpu"hqt"ucng"ctg"fkuvtkdwvgf"d{"vjg"Qhhkeg"hqt"Qhhkekcn"Rwdnkecvkqpu"qh"vjg"Gwtqrgcp"Eqoowpkvkgu"*Rwdnkecvkqpu
Qhhkeg+"vjtqwij"c"pgvyqtm"qh"ucngu"cigpvu."nkuvgf"cv"jvvr<11gwt/qr0gw0kpv1kpfgz0jvo

Cnn"rwdnkecvkqpu"rwdnkujgf"d{"vjg"Rwdnkecvkqpu"Qhhkeg."Nwzgodqwti."wpnguu"qvjgtykug"kpfkecvgf0

92
European Commission

Recruitment of employees: Administrative burdens on SMEs in Europe

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

2002 — 70 pp. — 21 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 92-894-3586-0
ISSN 1683-1071