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Math240WrittenHomework1
1. Whatistheorderofthefollowingequations?
a.
dy
= x
+y
dx
3
b.
d y
= xy
dx
c.
dy
(
= cos(y) sin(x)
dx
2
d.
d y
dx
e.
dy
+3
6y = exp(2x)
dx
dy
cos (
) = 2xy
dx
2. Whichofthefollowingequationsareseparable?Writetheminseparatedformifpossible.
a.
dy
= xy
dx
b.
dy
dx
c.
x
=
y
dy
= x+y
dx
d.
dy
= xy
dx
e.
dy
= exp(x y)
dx
3. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
= 2xe
dx
4. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
= y(1 y)
dx
5. Findthegeneralsolutiontox +
dy
= xe
dx
6. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
+x y +y = 0
dx
7. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= y
9, y(0) = 1.
dx
8. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= xy 3x, y(0) = 0.
dx
http://www.math.ksu.edu/math240/book/chap1/chap1hw.php
dy
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Math240Homework
9. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
dx
10. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
dx
dy
= 2y, y(0) = 1.
dx
dy
y = xy, y(0) = 1.
dx
dy
= xy
,y(0)
= y0 , satisfiesy(1) = 1.
dx
dy
x+y
= e
,y(0)
= y0 , satisfiesy(1) = 2.
dx
y
=
dx
y(4) = y0
isastraightline.Youmustjustifyyouranswer,whichwillrequireyoutoapplyalgebraic
reasoningtotheproblem.Justusingtheslopefieldlabapplettofindtheanswerbyrepeated
guessingwillnotgetyoufullcredit.
16. Findy0 sothattheintegralcurvefor
dy
= x+y
dx
y(4) = y0
isastraightline.Youmustjustifyyouranswer,whichwillrequireyoutoapplyalgebraic
reasoningtotheproblem.Justusingtheslopefieldlabapplettofindtheanswerbyrepeated
guessingwillnotgetyoufullcredit.
2
17. Findaninitialvalueproblemthatissolvedbyy
= e
18. Findaninitialvalueproblemthatissolvedbyy
= e
sin(x)
19. Findadifferentialequationwhosegeneralsolutionisthesetofcurves,ex + ey = C 2 .
RememberthatC isthearbitraryconstantheresoitshouldnotappearinthedifferential
equation.
20. Findadifferentialequationwhosegeneralsolutionisthecollectionofallcirclesaboutthe
origin,x 2 + y 2 = r2 .Rememberthatristhearbitraryconstantheresoitshouldnotappear
inthedifferentialequation.
Technicalnote:Sinceacircleisnotthegraphofafunctionasitfailsthevertical
linetest,itwouldbemorepropertosaythegeneralsolutionconsistsofall
2
x .Buttheproblemiseasiertounderstand
semicirclesoftheform y = r2
andtosolvewrittenasabove.
21. Classifywhetherthefollowingequationsareexact,linear,both,orneither.You
don'thavetosolvethem,justclassifythem.
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Math240Homework
a.
dy
y
=
dx
b.
dy
= x + y
dx
c.
dy
= x
+ y
dx
d.
dy
y + x
=
dx
exp(y) x
22. Classifywhetherthefollowingequationsareexact,linear,both,orneither.You
don'thavetosolvethem,justclassifythem.
a. (x + y)dx + dy = 0
b.
(x
c.
(1 + y)dx + dy = 0
d.
(x + y )dx + (x
+ ye )dx + (e
y)dy = 0
+ y)dy = 0
23. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
y
= exp(x)
dx
24. Findthegeneralsolutionto
.
x
exp(x) y
dy
=
dx
25. Findthegeneralsolutionto (x
x sin(y)
+ y)dx + dy = 0.
+ y)dx + (x 2y)dy = 0.
dy
+ 2y = exp(x), y(0) = 2.
dx
28. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
3y = x 1 , y(0) = 0.
dx
+ 2xy)dx + (x
y)dy = 0, y(0) = 1.
y(0) = 0.
x y
=
dx
x + 2y
y(0) = 1
Notethatsolvingthisexactequationwillleadtoanimplicitformulafor y which
willhavetwosolutionsfor x = 2 .However,theinitialvalueproblemhasaunique
solutionandsojustoneofthetwosolutionsproducedfromtheimplicitformulawill
betheactualvalueof y(2). Justifyyourchoiceofvaluefor y(2). Youcandothis
algebraically(saybysolvingtheimplicitformulatogetanexplicitformulafor y in
http://www.math.ksu.edu/math240/book/chap1/chap1hw.php
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Math240Homework
2x 2y
=
dx
2x + y
y(0) = 3
Notethatsolvingthisexactequationwillleadtoanimplicitformulafor y which
willhavetwosolutionsfor x = 1 .However,theinitialvalueproblemhasaunique
solutionandsojustoneofthetwosolutionsproducedfromtheimplicitformulawill
betheactualvalueof y(1). Justifyyourchoiceofvaluefor y(1). Youcandothis
algebraically(saybysolvingtheimplicitformulatogetanexplicitformulafor y in
termsof x wherethe termwillbespecifiedtoeitherbe + or )or
geometrically(perhapsbyarguingfromtheslopefieldthattheintegralcurve
startingat(0,1)canonlyreachoneofthetwopossiblevaluesbecauseitcan'tgo
belowthexaxis).Justsayingyoucheckedtheslopefieldappletandcanseewhich
valuemustberightwon'tgetfullcredit,youmustjustifyhowyoucantellthe
integralcurvecan'tgobelowthexaxis.
33. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= 2xy + sin(x)
dx
y(0) = 1
dy
=
dx
x + cos(y)
y(0) = 0
http://www.math.ksu.edu/math240/book/chap1/chap1hw.php
(2).
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Math240Homework
dy
=
dx
3y
+ exp(x + y)
y(0) = 0
while z(x)solvestheinitialvalueproblem
dz
+ p(x)z = 0
dx
z(0) = y0
( ) =
( ) +
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Math240Homework
Showthat y(x)
Theabilitytocutaproblemintopieces,solveeachpieceseparately,andaddup
theanswerstoeachpiecetofindananswertotheoverallproblemisa
fundamentalfeatureof"linear"equationsinmathematics.Wewilldiscussthis
moreinchapter2.
Inproblems41and42,Listthetechniqueyouwouldusetosolvethefollowing
problem,separable,exact,linear,Bernoulli,homogeneous,ornoneoftheabove.
Notethatyouwillloseapointforchoosinghomogeneousforanequationthatcan
besolvedusingtheexactparadigm,evenifhomogeneouswouldwork(exactisso
mucheasierandyouaremuchlesslikelytomakeamistake).Youdon'tneedto
solvetheequations,justlistthetechniqueyouwoulduse.
41.
a.
dy
x y
=
dx
b.
2y x
dy
x + y
=
dx
c.
2y
dy
x + y
=
dx
d.
2y
+ x
dy
= y exp(x)
dx
42.
a.
dy
x
=
dx
b.
c.
x
=
2xy 3y
2
dy
dx
+ 2xy y
+ 2xy y
+ 2xy 3y
dy
= exp(x y)
dx
d.
dy
= xy + y
dx
43. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
+ 2y = exp(x)y .
dx
44. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
3x + 13y
=
dx
45. Solvetheinitialvaluesproblem
dy
3y 2x
=
dx
http://www.math.ksu.edu/math240/book/chap1/chap1hw.php
.
15x + y
dy
, y(1)
= 2.
4y 6x
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Math240Homework
46. Solvetheinitialvaluesproblem
dy
x
3y =
dx
, y(0)
= 1.
IntheChangeofVariablessectionwewentovertwotypesofequationsthatcanbe
solvedbymakingsubstitutions,Bernoulliequationsandhomogeneousequations.
Therearealotofothersubstitutionsthatapplytoothertypesofequations.The
keysforallthedifferentsubstiutionmethodsaretorewritetheoriginalvariable y
intermsofthenewvariable vandtobesuretomakethesubstitutioneverywhere
intheequation,includingmakingthesubstitutioninthederivativeterm,whichmay
requireuseofderivativerulessuchasthechainrule(asinBernoulliequations)or
theproductrule(asinhomogeneousequations).Twoothercommontypesof
equationsthatcanbesolvedbysubstitutionsare
Anyequationoftheform
dy
dx
constants,canbetransformedtoaseparableequationviathesubstitution
v = x + y + .
Equationsoftheform
dy
= A(x)y
dx
=
y y1 (x)
Usingthesetricksyoucansolveproblems4752below.Ofcourse,tosolvea
Riccatiequationyoumustfirstfindoneparticularsolution,butyoucanfindoneby
guessandcheckmoreoftenthanyoumightimagine.Incontext,youmayknow
oneobvioussolution,oryoumightlookattheslopefieldandbeabletospotone
simplesolutionlike y = 1or y = x or y = exp(x) (especiallyiftheproblem
appearsinanundergraduatemathclass).
47. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
x 1 + y xy
dx
48. Findthegeneralsolutionto
=
x
dy
= y
2xy + x .
dx
49. Findthegeneralsolutionto
dy
= 2 exp(x) exp(x)y .
dx
50. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= exp(x y) + 1, y(0) = 1 .
dx
51. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= y
2xy + x
+ 1, y(0) = 1 .
dx
52. Solvetheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= (x
x + 1) + (1 2x)y + y ,
2
dx
y(0) = 1.
53. Findandclassify(asstable,unstable,orsemistable)alltheequilibriumsolutions
to
http://www.math.ksu.edu/math240/book/chap1/chap1hw.php
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Math240Homework
a.
dy
= y
4y
+ 3y
dx
b.
dy
= (y
+ 4y + 3)(y
1)
dx
54. Findandclassify(asstable,unstable,orsemistable)alltheequilibriumsolutions
to
a.
dy
= sin(y)
dx
b.
dy
= cos(y)
dx
55. Suppose
dy
= x
, y(1)
dx
dy
= 3x y
dx
1
=
and
1 x
computes y(2)
1
=
1
3
1 2
< 0 henceycanbenegative.Writeaparagraph
explainingwhetherKaseyorRiley(orbothorneither)iscorrect.
Supposeafishpopulationexperienceslogisticgrowthwithgrowthrate r peryear
andenvironmentalcarryingcapacity C .Thepopulationisharvestedatarateof h
peryear(h mightbeaconstantoritmightbevariabledependingonthe
population).Thissituationisdescribedbythedifferentialequations
dp
= rp(1 p/C ) h
dt
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Math240Homework
behelpful.
58. Supposetheharvestisaconstant H fishperyear.Whatisthemaximumvalueof
H sothatthemodelhasanequilibriumwith p > 0 ?Youranswerthistimewill
have H asafunctionof r and c ,incontrasttothepreviousproblemwhereyou
weregivenspecificvaluesfor r and C .
59. Supposetheharvestisnotaconstantbutisafixedproportionofthetotal
population,so h = Ep where E istheproportionofthepopulationthatis
harvested.
a. Whataretheequilibriaforthemodelnow?
b. Whichequilibriumisstableandwhichisunstable?
Notethattheequilibriumpopulationswilldependonthevalueof E ,soyour
answerswillbefunctions E aswellas r and C
60. Assumingyouendupatthestableequilibriuminproblem59,whatproportion E
maximizestheharvest(recall h = Ep where p isnowafunctionof E , r ,and C )?
Whatisthemaximumsustainableyield h forthisapproach?
Inthe1950'sofficialU.S.policywastoaimforthemaximumsustainableyieldas
computedaboveinfisheriesmanagement.However,thismodelisquitecrude
(ignoringageandsizeoftheharvestedfishamongotherissues)andthetarget
valuesdevelopedusingitoftenturnedouttobetoohighinpractice,leadingto
overfishing.
61. AsofSept.12,2014,WolframAlphaisabletocorrectlysolvetheequation
dy
= y
dx
y(0) = 2 .Explainwhyyouthinkthisis.YoumayfinditusefultoaskWolfram
Alphatofindthegeneralsolutionwithoutinitialvalues.
62. Considertheinitialvalueproblem
dy
= y, y(0) = 1. Thetruesolutionis
dx
a.
y1 (x) =
y0 (t)dt + 1
b.
y2 (x) (thistimeyouhavetoworkouttheintegraltoevaluateforyourself).
Answerstooddnumberedexercises
Ifyouhaveanyproblemswiththispage,pleasecontactbennett@math.ksu.edu.
2010AndrewG.Bennett
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