F5 Add Math Folio (Normal Distribution)

06/16/2015
SMK DATO PENGGAWA BARAT

82000 PONTIAN,JOHOR
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2015
HEALTHY CITIZEN-THE EARTHDREAM
NAME
: TY SHEE YANG
I/C NO
: 980824-01-7371
CLASS
: 5 DAHLIA
TEACHER : PN.AZNITA BINTI SAIRI
OBJECTIVES
The aims of carrying out this project are :

To apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies
To improve critical thinking skills
To promote effective mathematical communication
To solve problems in real-life situation
To use the language of mathematics to express mathematical
statements precisely
To develop positive attitude towards mathematics
To produce a systematic presentation
CONTENT
CONTENT
PAGE
Part 1 : Introduction
Binomial distribution
Normal distribution
Differences between Binomial Distribution&Normal Distribution
Part 2 : Distribution of Height and Weight

Part 3 : Body Mass Index (BMI)
Further Exploration
Reflection
Part1:Introduction
What is a Probability Distribution?
A probability distribution is a table or an equation that links each outcome of a statistical
experiment with its probability of occurrence.
Probability Distribution Prerequisites

To understand probability distributions, it is important to understand variables. random variables,
and some notation.
A variable is a symbol (A, B, x, y, etc.) that can take on any of a specified set of values.
When the value of a variable is the outcome of a statistical experiment, that variable is a random
variable.
Generally, statisticians use a capital letter to represent a random variable and a lower-case letter,
to represent one of its values. For example,
X represents the random variable X.

P(X) represents the probability of X.
P(X = x) refers to the probability that the random variable X is equal to a particular value,
denoted by x. As an example, P(X = 1) refers to the probability that the random variable X is
equal to 1.
Probability Distributions
An example will make clear the relationship between random variables and probability
distributions. Suppose you flip a coin two times. This simple statistical experiment can have four
possible outcomes: HH, HT, TH, and TT. Now, let the variable X represent the number of Heads
that result from this experiment. The variable X can take on the values 0, 1, or 2. In this example,
X is a random variable; because its value is determined by the outcome of a statistical
experiment.
A probability distribution is a table or an equation that links each outcome of a statistical

experiment with its probability of occurrence. Consider the coin flip experiment described above.
The table below, which associates each outcome with its probability, is an example of a
probability distribution.
Number of heads
0
0.25
0.50
0.25
Probability
The above table represents the probability distribution of the random variable X.
Cumulative Probability Distributions

A cumulative probability refers to the probability that the value of a random variable falls within
a specified range.
Let us return to the coin flip experiment. If we flip a coin two times, we might ask: What is the
probability that the coin flips would result in one or fewer heads? The answer would be a
cumulative probability. It would be the probability that the coin flip experiment results in zero
heads plus the probability that the experiment results in one head.
P(X < 1) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = 0.25 + 0.50 = 0.75
Like a probability distribution, a cumulative probability distribution can be represented by a table

or an equation. In the table below, the cumulative probability refers to the probability than the
random variable X is less than or equal to x.
Number of heads:
x
Probability:
P(X = x)
Cumulative Probability:
P(X < x)
0
0.25
0.25
0.50
0.75
0.25
1.00
Uniform Probability Distribution
The simplest probability distribution occurs when all of the values of a random variable occur
with equal probability. This probability distribution is called the uniform distribution.
Uniform Distribution. Suppose the random variable X can assume k different values. Suppose
also that the P(X = xk) is constant. Then,
P(X = xk) = 1/k
Example 1
Suppose a die is tossed. What is the probability that the die will land on 5 ?
Solution: When a die is tossed, there are 6 possible outcomes represented by: S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
}. Each possible outcome is a random variable (X), and each outcome is equally likely to occur.
Thus, we have a uniform distribution. Therefore, the P(X = 5) = 1/6.
What is the Normal Distribution?

In probability theory, the normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution. Normal
distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to
represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known. The normal
distribution is called the bell curve.
For standard normal distribution graph, any normal distribution curve can be converted to a
standard normal curve with mean = 0 and standard deviation 1. The standard normal distribution
is represented by N(0, 1). The continuous random variable for standard normal distribution is
called the standardized variable and is represented by Z.
From normal random variable X , to standardized variable Z ( Z-score) , a random variable X
that has a normal distribution with mean, and standard deviation, can be converted to Z-score
using the formula :
Z = X-
In real-life, we can use normal distribution in the application of quality control. We can calculate
the probability and estimate the amount for each category or grade.
WHAT IS BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION?

A binomial distribution summarizes the number of trials, or observations, when each trial has the
same probability of attaining one particular value.
For example, flipping a coin would create a binomial distribution. This is because each trial can
only take one of two values (heads or tails), each success has the same probability (i.e. the
probability of flipping a head is 0.50) and the results of one trial will not influence the results of
another.
P(X = x) = nCr=p, where x = 0, 1, 2, n and p + q = 1
Bernoulli has also shown that mean, variance and standard deviation of a binomial distribution
can be
calculated using :
If X ~ B(n , p),then,
Mean, = np
Variance, = npq
Standard deviation, =
Examples of Binomial Distribution

Suppose a biased coin comes up heads with probability 0.3 when tossed. What is
the probability of achieving 0, 1,..., 6 heads after six tosses?
\Pr(0\text{ heads}) = f(0) = \Pr(X = 0) = {6\choose 0}0.3^0 (1-0.3)^{6-0}
\approx 0.1176
\approx 0.3025
\approx 0.3241
\approx 0.1852
\approx 0.0595
\approx 0.0102
\approx 0.0007[2]
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION&BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
Normal distributions are continuous and have a special bell shape.
Binomial distributions are discrete ("stairsteppy"); they are close to normal only if the sample
size satisfies np 10 and nq 10.
Normal distributions arise in three general areas:
1) Natural processes where the data value (e.g., height) is the result of many small random
inputs.
2) Sampling distribution of xbar, where either the underlying distribution is normal or (more
commonly) where the sample size is large enough for the CLT to take effect. Rules of thumb are
on p.606 of textbook.
3) Repeated measurement of a fixed phenomenon (e.g., the orbital period of Mars, the mass of a
moon rock, or the height of a mountain). Most phenomena cannot be measured preciselyeven
if we have an accurate pan balance or laser range finder or whatever, there will always be some
uncertainty or error in our measurement. For this reason, the normal distribution is sometimes
called the "error function." However, #3 is really just a special case of #1.
Binomial distributions arise whenever the r.v. of interest is the count of successes in a fixed
number (n) of independent trials. The four rules are listed near the beginning of the binomial
distribution section, before the second set of example problems.
PART 2
1. Distribution of height and weight of 50 students in school
Bil
.
Nama
Height(cm
)
weight(kg
)
BMI
ABLE LEE SIOW YEE
160
42
16.4
AHMAD AIMAN BIN NOR LAHA
170
70
24.2
AHMAD ZULWAIE BIN SHAFIEE
174
76
25.1
CHENG FARN LIANG
182
75
22.6
CHIA JOO HIANG
180
65
20.1
CHUANG GAO JIE
182
56
16.9
ENG TING YIN
174
70
23.1
FATIN AQILAH BINTI SURATMAN
160
50
19.5
GRACE TAN JIA XIAN
155
49
20.4
10
HAFRINA SYAZWANI BINTI MOHD HUZAIMI
160
50
19.5
11
LIM JEI CHIN
164
50
18.6
12
LIM JING AN
151
69
30.3
13
MIMIE HATIRAH BINTI MOHD HISHAM
160
72
28.1
14
MUHAMMAD IDZHAM BIN HAMDAN
175
63
20.6
15
MUHAMMAD SYAFRIL AZMIN BIN ABD MALEK
175
61
19.9
16
NADIRA BINTI AZMI
159
41
16.2
17
NUR ZAFIRAH BINTI AHMAD
160
48
18.8
18
NUR DIANAH BINTI BACHIK
163
51
19.2
19
NUR HAYATI BINTI RAHMAT
173
65
21.7
20
NUR SYAMILAH BINTI MOHD YAZID
163
48
18.1
21
PUA HAN YING
165
58
21.3
22
PUA QIU HUI
160
47
18.4
23
ROZISYAHANIS BINTI SAHARUDDIN
163
75
28.2
24
SITI NORATIFAH NASHA BINTI MOHAMAD NORIZAN
160
63
24.6
25
SITI NUR SOLEHA BINTI AZIMAN
161
45
17.4
26
SYAHIDAH NUR RAIHAN BINTI SHAHROM NIZAM
160
52
20.3
27
TAN YI JUN
169
60
21.0
28
TOH MEY XUAN
158
45
18.0
29
UMMI AEISYA BINTI AZIZ
152
51
22.1
30
WAN NURUL NABILAH BINTI WAN SHUHAIMI
153
45
19.2
31
WONG YONG QIN
169
64
22.4
32
ZAHARAH BINTI MOHD KHAINI
160
63
24.6
33
AINA NATASHA BINTI RASHID
163
53
19.9
34
ALI IMRAN HAKIM BIN MOHAMMAD HOOD
174
60
19.8
35
CHING WEI YEE
163
63
23.7
36
LEE KAI SHERN
170
52
18.0
37
LEE WEN YEE
165
52
19.1
38
LEE YI XUAN
157
51
20.7
39
LIAN SIN JIE
165
53
19.5
40
MOHAMAD YAQZAN BIN MOHD ZAIDI
172
62
21.0
41
PUA CHIA MIN
164
58
21.6
42
SAIRAM A/L KRISHNAMUTTY
176
68
22.0
43
SEE ZHAI WEI
173
57
19.0
44
SHARIFAH ALYSSA BINTI SYED OMAR
168
42
14.9
45
SITI NADIA BINTI SHIFUDIN
150
50
22.2
46
SYAZA AMIRA BINTI ZULKEPLEE
159
48
19.0
47
TAN YONGXIU
156
51
21.0
48
THEY SIN SIAW
168
49
17.4
49
TONG YONG LIN
159
47
18.6
50
TY SHEE YANG
170
57
19.7
2.
Draw frequency distribution table for the mass of 50 students using a suitable class
interval.
Weig
ht
Midpoin
ts
No. of
students
Cumulative
Frequency
41-50
45.5
17
17
2070.25
773.50
35194.2
5
51-60
55.5
16
33
3080.25
888.00
49284.0
0
61-70
65.5
13
46
4290.25
851.50
55773.2
5
71-80
75.5
50
5700.25
302.00
22801.0
X2
fx
Fx2
0
Total
50
2815.00
163052.
50
2. (i) Representation of data for weight

a. Histogram
b. Line Graph
c. Pie Chart
3.
(i)Use mean =
f x
f
Such that f=number of students

Use standard deviation =
f x2
f x
- ( f )2
f
Such that
f = number of students
x = mid point of class interval
Weig
ht
Midpoin
ts
No. of
students
41-50
45.5
17
17
2070.25
773.50
35194.2
5
51-60
55.5
16
33
3080.25
888.00
49284.0
0
61-70
65.5
13
46
4290.25
851.50
55773.2
5
71-80
75.5
50
5700.25
302.00
22801.0
0
2815.00
163052.
50
Total
Cumulative
Frequency
X2
50
fx
Fx2
(ii) Find the mean and standard deviation for the weight.
Mean
2815
50
Standard deviation ,
2
=56.3
163052.5
(56.3)2
50
= 91.36
91.36
9.558
(iii)Find the percentage of the students with weight more than 60kg by drawing an
ogive.
Percentage =
total frequency 25
100%
total frequency
=
3.
the
25
50
0.5
50%
X
X
100%
100%
With assumption that the weight of the students are normally distributed, find
(i)Percentage of students with weight more than 60kg.
60 56.3
P(X 60) P Z
9.558
P Z 0.3871
0.3494
34.94%
(ii)The percentage of students with weight less than 45kg.
45 56.3
P(X 45) P Z
9.558
P(Z 1.1823)
P(Z 1.1823)
0.1186
11.86%
(iii)The value of m if 90% students have weight more than m kg.
P(X m) 0.9
m 56.3
P Z
0.9
9.558
m 56.3
1.281
9.558
m 44.06kg
4.
What conclusion can you draw from the answer obtained in 2(iii) and 3(i)?
- The actual number of students who are more than 60 kg is more than the
assumption.
5.
10 students are picked at random, find the probability that exactly 3 students have weight
more than 60kg?
P(X 3) 10C3 p3q7

10C3 (0.3494)3 (0.6506)7
0.2526
6.
Estimate the number of students with weight more than 60kg in your school. Compare
your answer with 2
(iii) and give your comments.

Number of students
=np
=50(0.2526)
=12.63
=13
PART 3
1.
Using the data in Part 2, calculate the BMI for each student.
BMI
Midpoin
ts
Frequency
Cumulative
Frequency
x^2
fx
fx^2
14.116.0
15.05
226.50
15.05
226.50
16.118.0
17.05
290.70
119.35
2034.92
18.120.0
19.05
17
25
362.90
323.85
6169.34
20.122.0
21.05
12
37
443.10
252.60
5317.23
22.124.0
23.05
43
531.30
138.30
3187.82
2.
24.126.0
25.05
47
627.50
100.20
2510.01
26.128.0
27.05
47
731.70
0.00
0.00
28.130.0
29.03
49
842.74
58.06
1685.48
30.132.0
31.05
50
964.10
31.05
964.10
1038.4
6
22095.
40
Total
50
(i)Based on the information given and data collected, find the mean and standard
deviation for the BMI.
1038.5
50
20.77
Mean
2
2 20 9 5 .4.
50
( 2 0.77 ) 2
= 10.52
(ii)Determine by drawing an ogive,
Standard deviation ,
3.
(a)The percentage of students who are underweight.
12
X 100%
50
0.24 X 100%
24%
(b)The percentage of students with BMI more than 25.
5
X 100%
50
0.1X 100%
10%
With assumption that the BMI of the students are normally distributed, find
(i)The percentage of students who are overweight
P(25 X 29.9)
25 20.77
29.9 20.77
Z
3.249
3.249
P(1.302 Z 2.81)
P
P(X K ) 0.05
k 20.77
P Z
0.05
3.249
k 20.77
1.645
3.249
k 15.425
(ii)The percentage of students with BMI less than 18.5
P(X 18.5)
18.5 20.77
P Z
3.349
P(Z 0.6778)
P(Z 0.6778)
0.2491
24.91%
(iii)The value of k if5% students have BMI more than k
P ( X K ) 0.05
k 20.77
P Z
0.05
3.249
k 20.77
1.645
3.249
k 26.115
4.
Estimate the number of students who are overweight in your school.
Number of students
=np
=50(0.9398)
=4.699
=5
5.
Suggest ways and strategies that a person can adopt to reduce weight and live a
healthier life
Quit smoking
It's no secret that nicotine use has been linked to a variety of life-threatening illnesses,
from cancer to heart disease and stroke. If you're a smoker, make quitting your top
priority.
Get regular checkups
Think of your doctor as an ally who helps keep you well, not just the person who treats
you when you're sick. Regular checkups and screenings are vital, especially if you or
your family are predisposed to certain medical conditions.
Watch your weight

Those extra pounds can cause big trouble. They strain your heart, raise your blood
pressure and significantly increase your risk of a heart attack. Eat more high-fiber,
nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, and fewer high-fat foods.
Avoid excessive drinking
While drinking in moderation is usually fine, heavy drinking can lead to liver damage
and other serious health risks.
Get regular exercise
A healthy life requires periodic physical activity. To prevent heart disease, cancer, high
blood pressure and obesity, the American Heart Association recommends 30-60 minutes
of exercise at least four times a week.
FURTHER EXPLORATION
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) discovered the normal

distribution in 1809. Gauss was the first to suggest the normal distribution
law. In 1809, Gauss published his monograph "Theoria motus corporum
coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium" to the method of least
squares. Gauss also used the normal curve to analyze astronomical data. The
normal distribution is often called the Gaussian distribution. The term bell
shaped curve is often used in everyday usage as the normal curve.
Although Gauss was the first to suggest the normal distribution law, Laplace made
significant contributions. It was Laplace who first posed the problem of aggregating several
observations in 1774, although his own solution led to the Laplacian distribution. It was Laplace
who first calculated the value of the integral et dt = in 1782, providing the normalization
constant for the normal distribution. Finally, it was Laplace who in 1810 proved and presented to
the Academy the fundamental central limit theorem, which emphasized the theoretical
importance of the normal distribution
Conclusion
There are two types of probability distribution, binomial distribution and normal
distribution. Both distributions are very useful as they help us to solve problems in real
life. For binomial distribution, it can be described as the probability of a SUCCESS or
FAILURE outcome in an experiment, that is repeated multiple time. For a real-life
example, if a new drug is introduced to cure a disease, it either cures the disease
(successful) or it doesnt cure the disease (failure). If we purchase a lottery ticket, were
either going to win money, or arent. In contrast, the normal distribution is very
important in statistic as it approximately fits into actual, observed probability of many
real-life measurements such as height, weight and blood pressure.
From the survey done, we can conclude that majority of the students are in the
normal BMI category. However, there are still many students that do not achieve an
ideal BMI, which is from 18.5 to 24.9. They were in the underweight, overweight and
obese categories. Proper diet arrangement and regular exercises are needed for them to
return to the normal BMI category, so that they live a healthier life.
Reference
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_de_Moivre
REFLECTION
While conducting this project, I have learnt the importance of using binomial distribution and
normal distribution to solve mathematical and statistics problems. Apart from that, this project
encourages students to gather information from the Internet, making surveys, improve thinking
skills and promote effective mathematical communication.
After conducting this project, I found out that most of the students have an ideal BMI index.
This means that they always maintain a healthy lifestyle. Besides, they always keep their body
fit.
On the other hand, from this project, I have given the chance to promote some moral values
while conducting this project. Firstly, I learn to be thankful to my additional mathematics
teacher, Pn.Aznita binti Sairi who has been so caring who has given guidance to me while
conducting this project. Besides, I also want to thank to my friends who have been very cooperative with me while conducting this project. Furthermore, I am appreciate those
mathematician who invented normal distribution and binomial distribution so that our current life
is easy in solving questions concerning in this aspect.

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06/16/2015

SMK DATO PENGGAWA BARAT

The aims of carrying out this project are :

Part 2 : Distribution of Height and Weight

Probability Distribution Prerequisites

X represents the random variable X.

A probability distribution is a table or an equation that links each outcome of a statistical

Cumulative Probability Distributions

P(X < 1) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = 0.25 + 0.50 = 0.75

Like a probability distribution, a cumulative probability distribution can be represented by a table

Uniform Probability Distribution

What is the Normal Distribution?

WHAT IS BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION?

Examples of Binomial Distribution

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL

Normal distributions arise in three general areas:

ABLE LEE SIOW YEE

AHMAD AIMAN BIN NOR LAHA

AHMAD ZULWAIE BIN SHAFIEE

CHENG FARN LIANG

CHIA JOO HIANG

CHUANG GAO JIE

ENG TING YIN

FATIN AQILAH BINTI SURATMAN

GRACE TAN JIA XIAN

HAFRINA SYAZWANI BINTI MOHD HUZAIMI

LIM JEI CHIN

MIMIE HATIRAH BINTI MOHD HISHAM

MUHAMMAD IDZHAM BIN HAMDAN

MUHAMMAD SYAFRIL AZMIN BIN ABD MALEK

NADIRA BINTI AZMI

NUR ZAFIRAH BINTI AHMAD

NUR DIANAH BINTI BACHIK

NUR HAYATI BINTI RAHMAT

NUR SYAMILAH BINTI MOHD YAZID

PUA HAN YING

PUA QIU HUI

ROZISYAHANIS BINTI SAHARUDDIN

SITI NORATIFAH NASHA BINTI MOHAMAD NORIZAN

SITI NUR SOLEHA BINTI AZIMAN

SYAHIDAH NUR RAIHAN BINTI SHAHROM NIZAM

TOH MEY XUAN

UMMI AEISYA BINTI AZIZ

WAN NURUL NABILAH BINTI WAN SHUHAIMI

WONG YONG QIN

ZAHARAH BINTI MOHD KHAINI

AINA NATASHA BINTI RASHID

ALI IMRAN HAKIM BIN MOHAMMAD HOOD

CHING WEI YEE

LEE KAI SHERN

LEE WEN YEE

LIAN SIN JIE

MOHAMAD YAQZAN BIN MOHD ZAIDI

PUA CHIA MIN

SAIRAM A/L KRISHNAMUTTY

SEE ZHAI WEI

SHARIFAH ALYSSA BINTI SYED OMAR

SITI NADIA BINTI SHIFUDIN

SYAZA AMIRA BINTI ZULKEPLEE

THEY SIN SIAW

TONG YONG LIN

2. (i) Representation of data for weight