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Substantivul
1.Substantive numarabile - (countable nouns);
Exemple : a book - two books; a dress - two dresses
Obs. Au forma atat la singular, cat si la plural.
Pluralele sunt de doua feluri :
a) regulate ;
b) neregulate ;
a) Pluralele regulate
- se formeaza adaugand un -s la sfarsitul formei de singular ;
Exemple : hat - hats; head - heads;
country - countries; boy - boys;
Obs. 1. Consoana + y => ie + s la plural;
2. Vocala + y => y + s la plural;
-se formeaza adaugand -es :
-la substantivele terminate in :-s,-x,-z,-ch,-sh;
-la substantivele terminate in :-f,-fe (sunt si exceptii);
-la substantivele terminate in consoana+'o' (sunt si exceptii);
Exemple : bus-buses ; box-boxes; watch-watches; life-lives;
roof-roofs; hero-heroes; potato-potatoes;
piano-pianos; photo-photos;
Obs. -f sau -fe devin cateodata v+es;
b) Pluralele neregulate
man-MEN; woman-WOMEN; foot-FEET; tooth-TEETH;
mouse-MICE; ox-OXEN; child-CHILDREN;
Exemple : a man - two men; a tooth - two teeth;
Nota: Compusii cu substantivul man au aceeasi pronuntie la
singular si la plural,desi ortografia difera .
2. Substantive ce se folosesc numai la singular :
a) -news;
-nume de boli (measles) +altele ;
-nume de stiinte si obiecte de studiu }=> + verb la singular ;
terminate in -ics
(Mathematics, Physics, Accoustics)
b) advice furniture information
knowledge money
1
THE NOUN
luggage
}=> +verb la singular
Nota: Cuantificarea (numararea) substantivelor news, advice,
information, luggage, knowledge, se face cu ajutorul cuvintelor:
A PIECE OF
THE NOUN
THE NOUN
THE NOUN
THE NOUN
THE NOUN
Ex.: the walls of the town, the roof of the church, the keys of the
house. Eg: I took the advice of the girl I met on the bus and went
to buy the book.
Masculine genders-----Feminine genders
1. Bachelor----- Spinster
2. Bachelor----- Maid
3. Bullock----- Heifer
4. Dog----- Bitch
5. Drone------ Bee
6. Horse----- Mare
7. Nephew----- Niece
8. Jew----- Jewess
9. Wizard----- Witch
10. Heir----- Heiress
11. Manager----- Manageress
12. Poet----- Poetess
13. Shepherd----- Shepherdess
14. Benefactor----- Benefactress
15. Hunter----- Huntress
16. Negro----- Negress
17. Emperor----- Empress
18. Traitor----- Traitress
19. Prince----- Princess
20. Lion----- Lioness
21. Bull----- Cow
22. Ox----- Cow
23. Mayor----- Mayoress
24. Tiger----- Tigress
25. Actor----- Actress
26. Host----- Hostress
27. Uncle----- Aunt
28. Monk----- Nun
29. Gentleman----- Lady
30. Duke----- Duchess
31. Sultan-----Sultana
EXERCISES
THE NOUN
THE NOUN
Fill in the blanks with one of the following words: bar, bit, item,
piece, slice;
1. There are two interesting of news in todays paper. 2. Dont
forget to buy a chocolate on your way home. 3. She cut several
of bread for lunch. 4. We want to buy a new of furniture for the
sitting room. 5. Each passenger is allowed to take three of
luggage. 6. With aof luck we can get rid of them. 7. You can have
that of cold beef left over from yesterdays dinner. 8. This is a
of good advice. Im sure it will help me.
Exercise:Name the gender of each of the following nouns
son
daughter
brother
sister
father
cousin
mouse
boy
general
house
ship
mother
tree
apple
goose
drake
brush
uncle
Douglas
Anne
niece
England
clock
pitcher
leaf
cow
friend
George
mom
road
EXERCISE - Form Abstract Nouns from the following:
man, scholar, king - manhood, scholarship, kingdom
know, sell, think - knowledge, sale, thought
long, strong, wise - length, strength, wisdom
brother, lose, great - brotherhood, loss, greatness
A) Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the given nouns for
the following exercise. Use each noun only one time.
chair
job
experience
information
hair
luggage
progress
furniture
permission
work
THE NOUN
.
.
.
.
10. Shakespeares
are wonderful.
Write the correct form of the possessives into the gaps (apostrophe
's).
1) This is
book. (Peter)
2) Let's go to the
3) The
. (Smiths)
room is upstairs. (children)
4)
5)
and
6)
7) My
8)
9) This is the
10) These are the
bike. (boy)
pencils. (boys)
1) (a glass) milk 2) (my friend) bike 3) (the window) room 4) (Mr Smith) car 5) (ten minutes) walk -
10
THE NOUN
THE NOUN
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