CHAPTER 2

COMPUTER GRAPHICS
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS

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Computer graphics are graphics created

using computers and, more generally, the representation
and manipulation of image data by a computer with help
from specialized software and hardware.
The development of computer graphics has made
computers easier to interact with, and better for
understanding and interpreting many types of data.
Developments in computer graphics have had a
profound impact on many types of media and have
revolutionizedanimation, movies and the video
game industry.

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The term computer graphics has been used in a broad

sense to describe "almost everything on computers that
is not text or sound".
Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several
different things:
The representation and manipulation of image data by a
computer
the various technologies used to create and manipulate
images
the sub-field of computer science which studies methods
for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual
content, see study of computer graphics.
Computer graphics is widespread today.
Computer imagery is found on television, in
newspapers, for example in weather reports, or for
example in all kinds of medical investigation and
surgical procedures

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TWO DIMENSIONAL

2D computer graphics are the computer-based generation

of digital imagesmostly from two-dimensional models,
such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images, and
by techniques specific to them.
PIXEL ART
Pixel art is a form of digital art, created through the use of raster
graphics software, where images are edited on the pixel level.
Graphics in most old (or relatively limited) computer and video
games, graphing calculator games, and many mobile

phone games are mostly pixel art.

VECTOR GRAPHICS

Vector graphics formats are complementary to raster

graphics. Raster graphics is the representation of images as
an array of pixels and is typically used for the
representation of photographic images

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THREE DIMENSIONAL

3D computer graphics in contrast to 2D computer

graphics are graphics that use a threedimensional representation of geometric data that is stored
in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations
and rendering 2D images. Such images may be for later
display or for real-time viewing.
COMPUTER ANIMATION
Computer animation is the art of creating moving images
via the use of computers. It is a subfield of computer
graphics and animation. Increasingly it is created by
means of 3D computer graphics, though 2D computer
graphics are still widely used for stylistic, low bandwidth,
and faster real-time rendering needs.

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A computer simulation, a computer model, or

a computational model is a computer program, or
network of computers, that attempts to simulate an
abstract model of a particular system.
Computer simulations have become a useful part
of mathematical modeling of many natural systems
in physics (computational
physics),astrophysics, chemistry and biology, human
systems in economics, psychology, social science,
andengineering.

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Computer simulations are used in a wide variety of

practical contexts, such as:
analysis of air pollutant dispersion using atmospheric
dispersion modeling
design of complex systems such as aircraft and
also logistics systems.
design of Noise barriers to effect roadway noise mitigation
flight simulators to train pilots
weather forecasting
Simulation of other computers is emulation.
forecasting of prices on financial markets (for
example Adaptive Modeler)
behavior of structures (such as buildings and industrial
parts) under stress and other conditions
design of industrial processes, such as chemical
processing plants

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Reservoir simulation for the petroleum engineering to

model the subsurface reservoir
Process Engineering Simulation tools.
Robot simulators for the design of robots and robot
control algorithms
Urban Simulation Models that simulate dynamic
patterns of urban development and responses to urban
land use and transportation policies. See a more
detailed article on Urban Environment Simulation.
Traffic engineering to plan or redesign parts of the
street network from single junctions over cities to a
national highway network, for transportation system
planning, design and operations. See a more detailed
article on Simulation in Transportation.
modeling car crashes to test safety mechanisms in new
vehicle models

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REVISION

Q&A
THANKYOU

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