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29056 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No.

100 / Thursday, May 24, 2007 / Rules and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION incorporated by reference at § 71.1, 14 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY


CFR 71.1, and published in the Federal
Federal Aviation Administration Register on May 8, 2007, at (72 FR Federal Energy Regulatory
27262), is corrected by making the Commission
14 CFR Part 71 following correcting amendment.
[Docket No. FAA–2007–27262; Airspace
18 CFR Part 292
Docket No. 07–ASO–1]
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71
[Docket No. RM07–11–000]
Airspace, Incorporation by reference,
Amendment of Class E Airspace;
Navigation (air). Applicability of Federal Power Act
Middlesboro, KY; Correction
■ In consideration of the foregoing, the Section 215 to Qualifying Small Power
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Production and Cogeneration Facilities
Administration (FAA), DOT. Federal Aviation Administration
corrects the adopted amendment, 14 Issued May 18, 2007.
ACTION: Correcting amendment.
CFR part 71, by making the following AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory
SUMMARY: This document contains a correcting amendment: Commission, DOE.
correction to the final rule (FAA–2007– ACTION: Final rule.
27262; 07–ASO–1), which was PART 71—DESIGNATION OF CLASS A,
published in the Federal Register of CLASS B, CLASS C, CLASS D, AND SUMMARY: The Federal Energy
May 8, 2007, (72 FR 25963), amending CLASS E AIRSPACE AREAS; Regulatory Commission (Commission) is
Class E airspace at Middlesboro, KY. AIRWAYS; ROUTES; AND REPORTING revising its regulations governing
This action corrects an error in the legal POINTS qualifying small power production and
description for the Class E5 airspace at cogeneration facilities (QFs), to
Middlesboro, KY. ■ 1. The authority citation for part 71 eliminate the exemption of QFs from the
DATES: Effective Date: Effective 0901 continues to read as follows: requirements of section 215 of the
UTC, July 5, 2007. The Director of the Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g); 40103, 40113, Federal Power Act. From a reliability
Federal Register approves this 40120; E.O. 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959– perspective, there is not a meaningful
incorporation by reference action under 1963 Comp., p. 389. distinction between QF and non-QF
1 CFR part 51, subject to the annual generators that warrants a generic
revision of FAA Order 7400.9 and § 71.1 [Corrected] exemption of QFs from reliability
publication of conforming amendments. standards.
■ 2. The incorporation by reference in
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: DATES: Effective Date: The rule will
14 CFR 71.1 of Federal Aviation
Mark D. Ward, Manager, System become effective June 25, 2007.
Administration Order 7400.9P, Airspace
Support Group, Eastern Service Center,
Designations and Reporting Points, FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Federal Aviation Administration, P.O.
Box 20636, Atlanta, Georgia 30320; dated September 1, 2006, and effective Paul Singh (Technical Information),
telephone (404) 305–5627. September 15, 2006, is amended as Office of Markets, Tariffs and Rates,
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
follows: Federal Energy Regulatory
Paragraph 6005 Class E Airspace areas
Commission, 888 First Street, NE.,
Background Washington, DC 20426; (202) 502–
extending upward from 700 feet or more
Federal Register Document 07–2248, above the surface of the earth. 8576; paul.singh@ferc.gov.
Docket No. FAA–2007–27262; 07–ASO– Samuel Higginbottom (Legal
* * * * * Information), Office of the General
1, published on May 8, 2007, (72 FR
25963), amended Class E5 airspace at ASO KY E5 Middlesboro, KY [Corrected] Counsel, Federal Energy Regulatory
Middlesboro, KY. An error was Middlesboro—Bell County Airport, KY Commission, 888 First Street,
discovered in the legal description (Lat. 36°36′38″ N., long. 83°44′15″ W.) NE.,Washington, DC 20426; (202)
describing the Class E5 airspace area. 502–8561;
That airspace extending upward from 700
The word Airport was omitted from the samuel.higginbottom@ferc.gov.
feet above the surface within a 6.3-mile
legal description. This action corrects radius of the Middlesboro–Bell County SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
that error. Class E airspace designations Airport. Before Commissioners: Joseph T.
for airspace areas extending upward Kelliher, Chairman; Suedeen G. Kelly,
from 700 feet or more above the surface * * * * *
Marc Spitzer, Philip D. Moeller, and
of the earth are published in Paragraph Issued in College Park, Georgia, on
Jon Wellinghoff.
6005 of FAA Order 7400.9P, Airspace February 13, 2007.
Designations and Reporting Points, Mark D. Ward, Order No. 696
dated September 1, 2006, and effective Group Manager, System Support Group, I. Introduction
September 15, 2006, which is Eastern Service Center.
incorporated by reference in 14 CFR 1. The Federal Energy Regulatory
71.1. The Class E airspace designation Editorial Note: This document was Commission (Commission) revises its
listed in this document will be received at the Office of the Federal Register regulations governing qualifying small
published subsequently in the Order. on Friday, May 18, 2007. power production and cogeneration
[FR Doc. 07–2569 Filed 5–23–07; 8:45 am]
facilities, to eliminate the exemption of
Need for Correction QFs from the requirements of section
BILLING CODE 4910–13–M
As published, the final rule contains 215 of the Federal Power Act.1 From a
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an error in the legal description of the reliability perspective, there is not a


Class E5 airspace area. Accordingly, meaningful distinction between QF and
pursuant to the authority delegated to non-QF generators that warrants a
me, the legal description for the Class
E5 airspace area at Middlesboro, KY, 1 16 U.S.C. 824o.

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 100 / Thursday, May 24, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 29057

generic exemption of QFs from order certifying NERC as the ERO.6 On section.’’ 12 The Commission reasoned
reliability standards. October 20, 2006, the Commission that, given the statutory directive that
2. A number of commenters in this issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking all users, owners and operators of the
proceeding also submitted comments in proposing to approve 83 of 107 bulk-power system must comply with
the rulemaking in Docket No. RM06– proposed reliability standards.7 mandatory reliability standards under
16–000 concerning mandatory 5. In response to the Reliability section 215, it may not be appropriate
reliability standards for the bulk-power NOPR, Cogeneration Association of to allow QFs a continued exemption
system; they submitted comments in California and the Energy Producers and from compliance with the newly-
both proceedings concerning the Users Coalition (CAC/EPUC) filed adopted mandatory and enforceable
appropriate compliance registry criteria comments pointing out that QFs are reliability standards that apply to
for QFs to be subject to reliability exempt from section 215 by virtue of generator owners and operators. The
standards.2 In this proceeding we find § 292.601(c) of the Commission’s Commission also stated that, from a
that QFs should not, as a general matter, regulations.8 CAC/EPUC suggested that reliability perspective, there would
be exempt from reliability standards; we the Commission intentionally exempted seem to be no meaningful distinction
are changing our regulations QFs from section 215. CAC/EPUC between QF and non-QF generators that
accordingly. Issues concerning the explained that, in Order No. 671, issued would warrant exemption of QFs from
treatment of individual QFs are best on February 2, 2006,9 the Commission mandatory reliability standards. The
addressed in the North American stated that it saw no reason to exempt Commission continued that QF
Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) QFs from the newly added FPA sections generators would seem to affect the
registry process where the unique 220, 221 and 222,10 and explicitly reliability of the bulk-power system as
circumstances of individual QFs can be excluded those sections of the FPA from much as non-QF generators, and so QF
individually considered. the QF exemptions contained in generators should be subject to the
§ 292.601 of its regulations, while newly-adopted mandatory reliability
II. Background making no similar mention of section standards. The Commission noted that
215. while many QFs are small facilities,
3. On August 8, 2005, the Electricity 6. In response to those comments, the others are quite large. The Commission
Modernization Act of 2005, which is Commission issued a notice of proposed suggested that it saw no justification for
Title XII, Subtitle A, of the Energy rulemaking (NOPR) seeking comments large QFs to be exempt from mandatory
Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), was on whether QFs should be exempt from reliability standards. The Commission
enacted into law.3 EPAct 2005 added a section 215 of the FPA.11 In the NOPR, therefore proposed to amend
new section 215 to the Federal Power the Commission pointed out that section § 292.601(c)(3) to add section 215 to the
Act (FPA),4 which requires a 215(b) grants the Commission list of FPA sections from which QFs are
Commission-certified Electric jurisdiction over ‘‘all users, owners, and not exempt. The Commission also
Reliability Organization (ERO) to operators of the bulk-power system’’ for pointed out that the NERC registry
develop reliability standards, which are ‘‘purposes of approving reliability criteria for inclusion of generators in the
subject to Commission review and standards * * * and enforcing compliance registry of entities that
approval. Once approved, the reliability compliance with [section 215]’’, and would be subject to mandatory
standards become mandatory and may further provides that ‘‘[a]ll users, reliability standards are written to
be enforced by the ERO, subject to owners and operators of the bulk-power exclude most smaller entities, and that
Commission oversight. system shall comply with reliability there are procedures to challenge a
4. On February 3, 2006, the standards that take effect under this generator’s inclusion in the compliance
Commission issued Order No. 672, registry before NERC, and if not satisfied
which implements newly-added section 6 North American Electric Reliability Corporation,
with NERC’s decision, procedures to
215 and provides specific processes for 116 FERC ¶ 61,062 (2006).
7 Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-
lodge an appeal with the Commission.
the certification of an entity as the ERO,
Power Market, 72 FR 64770 (Oct. 20, 2006), FERC III. Comments
the development and approval of Stats. & Regs. ¶ 32,608 (2006) (Reliability NOPR).
mandatory reliability standards, and the The Commission subsequently approved 83 of 107 7. On March 16, 2007, the NOPR was
compliance with and enforcement of proposed reliability standards, six of the eight published in the Federal Register with
proposed regional differences, and the glossary of comments due on or before April 16,
approved reliability standards.5 On terms. The Commission found that those reliability
April 4, 2006, NERC made two filings: standards met the requirements of section 215 of 2007.
(1) An application for certification of the FPA (and Part 39 of the Commission’s 8. Comments supporting the proposed
NERC as the ERO; and (2) a petition for regulations, 18 CFR part 39), but that many of those rule were filed by: NERC, the National
reliability standards require significant Association of Regulatory Utility
Commission approval of mandatory improvement to address, among other things, the
reliability standards, with eight regional recommendations of the Blackout Report and Commissioners (NARUC), the Edison
differences and a glossary of terms. On therefore required NERC to submit improvements to Electric Institute (EEI), Entergy Services,
July 20, 2006, the Commission issued an 56 of those 83 Reliability Standards. Mandatory Inc. (Entergy Services), Xcel Energy
Reliability Standards for the Bulk Power System, Services Inc, on behalf of the Xcel
Order No. 693, 72 FR 16416 (April 4, 2007), FERC
2 The Commission has since issued Order No. Stats. & Regs. ¶ 31,242 (2006). (Reliability Final Energy Operating Companies
693, discussed below, adopting mandatory Rule). (collectively, Xcel Energy),13 American
reliability standards. 8 18 CFR 292.601(c).
3 Energy Policy Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109–58, 9 Revised Regulations Governing Small Power 12 16 U.S.C. 824o(b). Section 215(b) also states
Title XII, Subtitle A, 119 Stat. 594, 941 (2005). Production and Cogeneration Facilities, Order No. that entities described in section 201(f), 16 U.S.C.
4 16 U.S.C. 824o. 671, 71 FR 7852 (Feb. 2, 2006), FERC Stats. & Regs. 824(f), entities that are otherwise exempt from Part
5 Rules Concerning Certification of the Electric ¶ 31,203 (2006), order on rehearing, Order No. 671– II of the FPA unless a provision is otherwise
Reliability Organization; Procedures for the A, 71 FR 30583 (May 22, 2006), FERC Stats. & Regs. specifically applicable to those entities, are subject
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Establishment, Approval and Enforcement of ¶ 31.219 (2006). to section 215. 16 U.S.C. 824o(b).
10 16 U.S.C. 824t–v.
Electric Reliability Standards, Order No. 672, 71 FR 13 The four Xcel Energy Operating Companies are:

8662 (Feb. 17, 2006), FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 31,204 11 Applicability of Federal Power Act Section 215 Northern States Power Company, a Minnesota
(2006), order on reh’g, Order No. 672–A, 71 FR to Qualifying Small Power Production and corporation, Northern States Power Company, a
19814 (Apr. 18, 2006), FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 31,212 Cogeneration Facilities, 72 FR 14254 (March 16, Wisconisn corporation, Southwestern Public
(2006). 2007), FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 32,613 (2007). Continued

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Transmission Company LLC, NERC’s registration criteria, particularly compliance with mandatory reliability
FirstEnergy Companies (FirstEnergy), the reference to being ‘‘directly standards would raise QFs’ costs above
Southern California Edison Company connected to the bulk-power system’’ the avoided costs set in the QFs’
(SoCal Edison), Allegheny Power and can be read to not apply to generating contracts with purchasing utilities.
Allegheny Energy Supply Company facilities that are interconnected at Deere suggests that the Commission
(collectively, Allegheny Energy distribution voltage level. American provide an exemption for small power
Companies), and Imperial Irrigation Transmission Company supports the production QFs 80 MW and smaller.
District (IID). proposed rule and states that ‘‘the 13. Indeck argues that the proposed
9. Those who support the proposed appropriate place to consider whether a rule is fundamentally flawed. Indeck
rule generally argue that including generating facility should be exempted states that the proposed rule fails to
section 215 of the FPA among the FPA from compliance with the mandatory recognize that QFs are often not
provisions that QFs are not exempted reliability standards is at NERC.’’ IID connected to the grid, operate to support
from is appropriate both from a supports the proposed rule but argues important commercial or industrial
statutory perspective and in terms of the that the Commission should recognize operations, are subject to fuel use
impact on reliability of the bulk-power that the ERO or the Regional Entity limitations and operating and efficiency
system. NERC states that, with the should be permitted to include an requirements, and in most cases have
exemption removed, in determining otherwise exempt facility on a facility- little or no impact on the reliability of
whether QFs are subject to mandatory by-facility basis if it determines that the the bulk-power system. To remedy these
reliability standards NERC will treat facility is needed for bulk-power system supposed flaws, Indeck suggests that the
QFs as it does all other owners, reliability. IID asks the Commission to Commission should continue to exempt
operators and users of the bulk-power determine that all QFs in its particular all QFs smaller than 100 MW from
system, i.e., the decision as to whether footprint are collectively material to section 215 of the FPA, should ignore
to place an entity on the NERC reliability in its particular control area. ‘‘behind the meter’’ capacity of QFs, and
compliance registry will be based on the 11. Comments opposing the proposed should exempt all QFs that utilize a
specific circumstances of each QF. rule were filed by: CAC/EPUC, the renewable energy source from section
NARUC points out that there is no Florida Renewable Energy Producing 215 of the FPA. Sunray states that it
meaningful distinction from a reliability QFs (Florida Renewable QFs), Deere & owns and operates two Solar Electric
perspective between QF and non-QF Company (Deere), Indeck Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) located in
generators that could warrant Services, Inc. (Indeck), Sunray Energy California. One of Sunray’s SEGs is 14
continuing to exempt QFs. EEI states Inc. (Sunray), ARIPPA,14 Hillsborough MW and the other 30 MW. Sunray
that section 215 is clear on its face that County, Florida,15 and Pasco County, argues that requiring it to comply with
all users, owners and operators of the Florida.16 mandatory reliability standards will be
electric production and delivery 12. CAC/EPUC suggests that the economically burdensome and will
network should be subject to section Commission has an ongoing obligation provide little or no increase in the
215. EEI believes that many QFs to encourage cogeneration and that this reliability of the bulk-power system.
recognize their section 215 must be balanced with its obligation to Both Indeck and Sunray also question
responsibilities; EEI states that it protect the grid. CAC/EPUC urges the the Commission’s regulatory flexibility
understands that many QFs have Commission not to act on the proposed analysis.
already registered with Regional rule until it has acted on rehearing of 14. ARIPPA argues that all of its
Entities, which EEI states suggests that Order No. 693 in order to make sure that members have been required by contract
QFs understand the need to register the registry standards applicable to QFs with purchasing utilities to meet
notwithstanding the current exemption are not overly broad. Florida Renewable reliability requirements to obtain access
provided under section 292.601(c) of the QFs ask the Commission to modify the to the grid. ARIPPA argues that
Commission’s regulations. proposed rule in four respects: First, to additional requirements are not
10. Entergy states that it fully allow QFs to qualify for a size necessary for its QFs. Hillsborough
supports the Commission’s exemption based on their output County and Pasco County each state that
determination that QFs should not be capability rather than on their the investor-owned utilities that their
exempt from mandatory reliability nameplate capacity; second, the respective QFs are interconnected with
standards but states that it is concerned Commission should clarify that QFs have control over system reliability and
that NERC’s registration criteria, which may appeal registry designations that the QFs have no responsibility for
apply to an individual generating units directly to the Regional Entity in lieu of bulk-power system reliability.
that are larger than 20 MVA and that are the ERO; third, the Commission should Hillsborough County and Pasco County
directly connected to the bulk-power provide that QFs that by contract sell also suggest that the Commission
system might exempt generation only energy and not capacity be allowed provide that all qualifying small power
facilities that are arguably not directly to seek a case-by-case waiver of the production facilities continue to be
connected to the bulk-power system but reliability standards even if they do not exempt from section 215 of the FPA.
are nevertheless material to the otherwise qualify for a size exemption; 15. The Commission received
reliability of the bulk-power system. and fourth, the Commission should comments from the following entities
Similarly, Xcel Energy agrees with the require the ERO to consider whether full that do not oppose the proposed rule,
Commission’s reasoning that from a but ask the Commission to clarify how
reliability perspective there is no 14 ARIPPA is a regional non-profit trade NERC’s registration criteria will apply to
association consisting of thirteen QFs and QFs: The Electricity Consumers
meaningful distinction between QFs associated manufacturers, engineers, chemists and
and other generating facilities that tradesmen who repair and service the units. The Resource Council (ELCON) and the
warrants continuation of a QF units are in historical coal mining regions, combust American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI),
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exemption from section 215. Xcel waste coal and generate under fixed price power the Council of Industrial Boiler Owners
agreements with the local utility. (CIBO), Kimberly Clark Corporation,
Energy is concerned, however, that 15 Hillsborough County owns a 30 MW solid

waste QF and has plans to add an additional 17 PPG Industries, Inc. and Valero Energy
Service Company, and Public Service Company of MW of electrical generation capacity. Corporation (collectively, Joint
Colorado. 16 Pasco County owns a 30 MW solid waste QF. Cogeneration Owners), American Forest

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& Paper Association (American Forest & requests that the Commission clarify Providers need not be complied with if
Paper), Lee County, Florida, Dow that the application of any reliability doing so would impair a cogeneration
Chemical Company (Dow), California standards to QFs must nonetheless facility’s service obligations to its
Cogeneration Council (CCC), and recognize and appropriately thermal host. CCC asks that the
Midland Cogeneration Venture Limited accommodate the distinctions betweens Commission require that NERC
Partnership (Midland Cogen).17 QFs and merchant or utility-owned reliability criteria be applicable to QFs
16. ELCON and AISI state that they do generation. American Forest & Paper based upon a demonstration that the
not oppose the registration of QFs if notes that almost all QFs greater that 20 facilities are needed for reliability as
particular facilities are found to MW interconnected to and operating defined in Order No. 693, and not based
materially affect the reliability of the synchronously with the grid are already on the size of the facility. CCC also asks
bulk-power system. ELCON and AISI subject to specific reliability and that the Commission clarify that NERC
state that in fact they have cooperated operating requirements. American reliability rules must take into account
with NERC staff to draft registration Forest & Paper states that those regulatory requirements, operating
criteria that would address the unique requirements range from limitations on characteristics and contractual
operational characteristics of power factor and the maintenance of commitments of cogeneration facilities.
cogenerators. ELCON and AISI state facilities, to emergency operating Midland Cogen asks the Commission to
that, unfortunately, the NOPR proposes procedures. American Forest & Paper clarify that NERC reliability criteria
an automatic per se rule that would states that it does not object to the must accommodate the unique
force the registration of all QFs above 20 conversion of such requirements into operating characteristics, regulatory
MVA/MW regardless of whether a QF’s mandatory standards. American Forest requirements and contractual
operations have any effect on reliability. & Paper, however, states that it is commitments of QFs. Midland Cogen
ELCON and AISI also ask the concerned that the rush to codify also asks the Commission to provide
Commission to recognize that NERC has reliability standards will be used as a assurances that QFs will be permitted to
applied a ‘‘netting’’ concept that pretext for renewed discrimination and recover the cost of compliance with
recognizes that often QF generation utility interference with integrated mandatory reliability standards through
never reaches the grid, or does so on a manufacturing operations. American a grid charge to be assessed to the
limited basis. Finally ELCON and AISI Forest & Paper concludes by asking the control area that benefits from the
recommend that the Commission Commission to clarify that mandatory reliability that the facilities provide.
encourage the establishment of an ad reliability standards applicable to QFs 21. Georgia Pacific, LLC (Georgia
hoc NERC task force that would review must reflect the operational and other Pacific) filed reply comments. Georgia
the criteria for determining if and when distinctions between QFs and merchant Pacific states that it has mill and plant
a QF has a material impact on the or utility-owned generation. facilities throughout the United States
reliability of the bulk power system. 19. Lee County argues that the and owns and operates eleven facilities
17. CIBO states that it supports the Commission should require NERC to that are certified as QFs, and that range
comments filed by ELCON. design a cost-benefit analysis to be in size from 7.5 MW to 140 MW.
Additionally, CIBO argues that the applied by NERC and Regional Entities Georgia Pacific states that the majority
Commission does not encourage QFs when registering smaller qualifying of its QFs are cogeneration facilities that
when it fails to recognize any small power production facilities. Lee provide electric power and steam to
meaningful distinction between QF and County is concerned that small power host processes. Georgia Pacific states
non-QF generators on matters of production facilities smaller than 20 that because its QFs primarily produce
reliability. CIBO states that NERC’s MVA will be required to register on the steam and electric energy for its own
registration criteria for generators do, grounds that they ‘‘materially’’ impact use, its QFs have little or no impact on
and should continue to, recognize that the reliability of the bulk-power system. the bulk-power system. Georgia Pacific
QFs are different from other generators. Lee County suggests that the asks that the Commission in this
CIBO asks the Commission to encourage Commission require NERC to establish a proceeding recognize the existing 20/75
NERC in this recognition. Joint rebuttable presumption that a small MVA NERC exclusion for smaller
Cogeneration Owners also state that power production facility smaller than facilities and that such exclusion for a
they do not oppose the registration of the existing NERC size thresholds does cogeneration facility serving behind the
QFs whose operators do in fact not ‘‘materially’’ impact the reliability of meter load be based on that portion of
materially affect the reliability of the the bulk-power system. Lee County also the generating unit’s/plant’s capacity
bulk power system. Joint Cogeneration asks the Commission to require NERC to actually made available to the bulk
Owners, however, oppose what they justify registering such small power power system. In addition, Georgia
characterize as a per se rule that would production facilities using a meaningful Power would like the Commission to
require the registration of all QFs above case-by-case analysis based on a cost create an exemption from any reliability
20 MVA regardless of whether the QFs’ benefit analysis. standards to the extent that complying
operations have any effect on reliability 20. Dow Chemical does not oppose with such standards would impair
and would fail to consider a QF’s net making section 215 of the FPA service to a QF’s industrial host.
impact on the grid. applicable to QFs, but wants the 22. Xcel Energy filed reply comments
18. American Forest & Paper states Commission to clarify that NERC must arguing that this rulemaking is not the
that it does not object to making those retain its existing provision that appropriate forum for evaluating
portions of reliability standards under measures whether a facility meets the technical justification for any specific
section 215 which are appropriately 20/75 MVA size threshold based on the QF exemption level. Xcel Energy argues
applicable to QFs mandatory, but portion of a cogeneration unit’s /plant’s that generators seeking an exemption
capacity made available to serve the should do so on a case-by-case basis.
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17 Edison Mission Energy and Pacific Gas and bulk-power system. Dow would also 23. On May 14, 2007, Florida
Electric Company each also filed comments stating like the Commission to state that Renewable QFs filed supplemental
that they will be affected by the proposed rule and
expressing an interest in the rulemaking; neither,
directives from Reliability Coordinators, comments. Florida Renewable QFs
however, takes a position on the substance of the Transmission Operators, Balancing states that it seeks clarification of two
proposed rule. Authorities, and/or Transmission issues left unresolved in the NOPR.

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First, Florida Renewable QFs ask the Commission’s jurisdiction under Part II factors that justify exempting QFs, as a
Commission to state that the Final Rule of the FPA. The provision providing class, from section 215 of the FPA and
will not take effect for one year from that these otherwise jurisdictionally from reliability standards. Nor are they
issuance. The one-year period, Florida exempt utilities will be subject to factors that justify exempting any
Renewable QFs argues, will give QFs section 215 supports our determination particular subset of QFs.
that do not have experience with that Congress intended that all utilities, 30. Whether a generation facility
reliability standards time to develop regardless of whether those utilities are should be subject to reliability standards
programs for compliance with the otherwise exempt from the FPA, be should depend on whether a generation
reliability standards and will prevent subject to section to section 215. facility is needed to maintain the
undue hardship. Second, Florida 26. While it is true that section 210(e) reliability of the bulk-power system.
Renewable asks the Commission to state of PURPA grants the Commission broad The reliability criteria adopted by NERC
that an appeal to the Commission from authority to exempt most QFs from and approved by the Commission, as
a NERC determination that a small various provisions of the FPA, we well as the compliance registry process
generator (smaller than the usual cannot find that Congress intended that adopted by NERC and approved by the
registry criteria of 20 MVA) should be all entities that affect the reliability of Commission, are designed to ensure that
on the compliance registry would stay the bulk-power system not be subject to only those facilities needed to maintain
the effectiveness of the NERC ruling mandatory and enforceable reliability the reliability of the bulk-power system
during the pendency of the appeal to the standards. Comments submitted in are subject to the reliability standards.
Commission. response to the NOPR do not convince The ultimate decision with respect to
us otherwise. Indeed, the majority of the individual generation units and/or
IV. Discussion comments filed either fully support the plants is, and must be, made on a case-
24. As proposed in the NOPR, the Commission’s proposal to make QFs by-case basis. Thus, whether a
Commission will amend § 292.601(c)(3) subject to section 215, or recognize that particular QF or type of QF should be
of its regulations to add section 215 to QFs should be subject to section 215 exempt from reliability standards is an
the list of FPA sections from which QFs while expressing concerns as to the issue that is more appropriately made in
are not exempt. Making QFs subject to specifics of NERC’s registry criteria for the context of NERC’s establishment of
reliability standards is consistent with QFs. registry criteria for owners and
the intent of section 215. When 27. We accordingly conclude that the operators of generators, and in the
Congress enacted section 215, it used addition of section 215 of the FPA to the context of NERC’s compliance registry
broad language to ensure that all those list, contained in § 292.601(c)(3), of FPA process. The reliability of the bulk-
entities that could affect the reliability sections from which QFs are not exempt power system will be better protected by
of the bulk power system would be is consistent with the Congressional utilizing the NERC compliance registry
subject to mandatory reliability directive contained in section 215 of the process, which will ensure that no
standards. Specifically, section 215(b)(1) FPA that all users, owners, and generator that is needed to maintain the
states that, ‘‘The Commission shall have operators of the bulk-power system be reliability of the bulk-power system will
jurisdiction, within the United States, subject section 215 and thus subject to be exempt from reliability standards,
over * * * all users, owners and the mandatory and enforceable while excusing those generators that are
operators of the bulk-power system reliability standards. not needed to maintain reliability.
(including the entities described in 28. In addition, we find that for 31. NERC’s compliance registry
section 201(f)), for purposes of reliability purposes there is no criteria for generator owner/operators
approving reliability standards meaningful distinction between QF and encompasses:
established under this section and non-QF generators that would warrant
enforcing compliance with this generic exemption of QFs from a. Individual generating unit > 20 MVA
mandatory reliability standards. (gross nameplate rating) and is directly
section.’’ 18 Further, section 215(b)(2) connected to the bulk power system, or
provides that ‘‘All users, owners and 29. Comments submitted in this
b. Generating plant/facility > 75 MVA
operators of the bulk-power system shall rulemaking argue that the Commission (gross aggregate nameplate rating) or when
comply with reliability standards that should consider in this rulemaking a the entity has responsibility for any facility
take effect under this section.’’ 19 In number of factors in determining consisting of one or more units that are
using such broad language, Congress whether individual QFs or classes of connected to the bulk power system at a
gave no indication that it intended to QFs do not materially affect the common bus with total generation above 75
exempt any entity that could affect the reliability of the bulk-power system and MVA (gross nameplate rating), or
thus should be exempted from section c. Any generator, regardless of size, that is
reliability of the bulk-power system a blackstart unit material to and designated
from the reach of mandatory reliability 215 of the FPA; these factors include the
small size of some QFs and the fact that, as part of a transmission operator entity’s
standards. restoration plan, or;
25. Indeed, Congress included within while a QF may individually be large, d. Any generator, regardless of size, that is
the scope of section 215 ‘‘the United it may deliver most of its output behind material to the reliability of the bulk power
States, a State or political subdivision of the meter load and thus would have system.[21]
a State, an electric cooperative that little effect on the bulk-power system.
32. In addition, NERC’s compliance
receives financing under the Rural We do not believe that any of the factors
registry criteria for generation facilities
Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 901 mentioned by commenters, including
contain the following exclusions:
et seq.) or that sells less than 4,000,000 small size or primarily serving behind
the meter load, justifies a generic a. A generator owner/operator will not be
megawatt hours of electricity per registered based on these criteria if
year.’’ 20 Thus Congress included within exemption from section 215 of the FPA
responsibilities for compliance with
the scope of section 215 entities that are for all facilities below a certain size, or
approved NERC reliability standards or
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normally excluded from the for all facilities serving behind the meter associated requirements including reporting
load. While these factors may be have been transferred by written agreement
18 16 U.S.C. 824o(b) (emphasis added). appropriate in determining whether an
19 Id.(emphasis added). individual QF should be placed on the 21 NERC Statement of Compliance Registry
20 16 U.S.C. 824(f). NERC reliability registry, they are not Criteria (Revision 3), February 6, 2007.

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 100 / Thursday, May 24, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 29061

to another entity that has registered for the NERC had set reasonable criteria for QF that is a cogeneration facility that
appropriate function for the transferred registration and approved the primarily serves behind the meter load
responsibilities, such as a load-serving entity, compliance registry process; 24 the such that the net capacity supplied to
G&T cooperative or joint action agency, or
compliance registry process provides the bulk power system is less than the
b. As a general matter, a customer-owned
or -operated generator/generation that serves procedures for individual generators to size threshold for compliance, or as a
all or part of retail load with electric energy contest determinations by Regional QF that has contractual arrangements to
on the customer’s side of the retail meter may Entities and the ERO. Additionally, an transfer responsibility for compliance
be excluded as a candidate for registration entity that disagrees with NERC’s with reliability standards or associated
based on these criteria if (i) the net capacity determination to place it in the requirements including reporting to
provided to the bulk power system does not compliance registry may submit a another entity that has registered with
exceed the criteria above or the Regional challenge in writing to NERC and, if still NERC. The net effect is that the universe
Entity otherwise determines the generator is
not satisfied, may lodge an appeal with of QFs that will be affected by this Final
not material to the bulk power system and (ii)
standby, back-up and maintenance power the Commission.25 Thus, an individual Rule, by virtue of operation of the NERC
services are provided to the generator or to QF may appeal to the Commission if it registry criteria, is likely to be relatively
the retail load pursuant to a binding believes it should not be required to small.
obligation with another generator owner/ comply with reliability standards.
operator or under terms approved by the Florida Renewable QFs asks the V. Information Collection Statement
local regulatory authority or the Federal Commission to rule that the filing of 38. The Paperwork Reduction Act
Energy Regulatory Commission, as such an appeal by a QF smaller than 20 (PRA) 27 requires each Federal agency to
applicable.[22] MVA will stay the effect of the NERC seek and obtain OMB approval before
33. Finally, the registration criteria determination to place an entity on the undertaking a collection of information
contains a provision that an compliance registry during the directed to ten or more persons, or
organization that otherwise meets the pendency of the appeal to the continuing a collection for which the
criteria for registration need not be Commission. Whether a stay should be Office of Management and Budget
registered if it can be demonstrated to granted depends on a number of factors (OMB) approval and validity of the
NERC that the bulk power system, that are fact specific; such a decision is control number are about to expire.28
owner, operator, or user does not have more appropriately made on a case-by- The PRA defines the phrase ‘‘collection
a material impact on the bulk power case basis. It is thus premature to decide of information’’ to be the ‘‘obtaining,
system. now whether an appeal to the causing to be obtained, soliciting, or
34. In the Reliability Final Rule, Commission should stay a NERC requiring the disclosure to third parties
moreover, the Commission found that decision that a particular QF be placed or the public, of facts or opinions by or
NERC had set reasonable criteria for on the compliance registry. We will for an agency, regardless of form or
registration, and approved the deny Florida Renewable QF’s request format, calling for either—
compliance registry process.23 that we state that the filing of an appeal (i) Answers to identical questions
35. Many of the comments filed in by a small generator will stay the effect posed to, or identical reporting or
this proceeding appear to be based on a of the NERC determination; however, recordkeeping requirements imposed on
misunderstanding of what the this is without prejudice to any entity ten or more persons, other than
Commission was proposing to do in this seeking a stay at the time it files an agencies, instrumentalities, or
proceeding. Many of the comments appeal of a NERC determination with employees of the United States; or (ii)
submitted in response to the NOPR which it disagrees. answers to questions posed to agencies,
suggest that commenters thought that 37. The Commission notes that instrumentalities, or employees of the
the Commission was proposing to because of the operation of the size United States which are to be used for
mandate that NERC adopt registry sections of the NERC registry criteria general statistical purposes.’’ 29 OMB
criteria that would require all QFs over applicable to generators (i.e., greater regulations require approval of certain
a certain size to register with the ERO than 20 MVA), only 23 percent of all information collection requirements
or Regional Entity. All the Commission QFs would meet this generally imposed by agency rules.30
proposed to do in the NOPR, and all the applicable threshold of 20 MVA 39. As noted above, the Commission
Commission is doing here in the Final (although some other QFs may be is amending its regulations to eliminate
Rule, is to eliminate the generic specified as either blackstart units the exemption available to QFs from the
exemption of QFs from section 215 of material to and designated as part of a requirements of section 215 of the FPA.
the FPA and thus from mandatory transmission entity’s restoration plan or Because the Commission is not adopting
reliability standards, thus treating them as generators material to the reliability information collections in this Final
like other, non-QF generators for of the bulk power system) and so would Rule, it is not subject to OMB review
reliability purposes. The Commission be subject to reliability standards.26 under the PRA. However, the
was not proposing to, and does not, While some QFs may be classified as Commission will submit for
require that all QFs be subject to blackstart or as ‘‘material’’ to the informational purposes only a copy of
reliability standards no matter their reliability of the bulk-power system, and this Final Rule to OMB.
circumstances. Rather QFs and non-QFs so made subject to reliability standards,
alike would have an equal opportunity other QFs may qualify for exemptions VI. Environmental Analysis
to not be subject to reliability standards. because, despite their size, either as a 40. The Commission is required to
But that would be a case-by-case prepare an Environmental Assessment
determination based on the 24 Id. or an Environmental Impact Statement
circumstances of each case. 25 Id.at P 101. for any action that may have a
26 See NOPR at P 6. Energy Information
36. In this regard, in the Reliability significant adverse effect on the human
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Administration (EIA) data identify 3,625 QFs, of


Final Rule the Commission found that which 2,423 QFs are below 20 MW (which roughly 27 44 U.S.C. 3501–3520.
corresponds to 20 MVA), leaving only 842 QFs that
22 Id. 28 44 U.S.C. 3502(3)(A)(i); 44 U.S.C. 3507(a)(3).
could be affected by this Final Rule. And, of these
23 Reliability Final Rule, FERC Stats. & Regs. 29 44 U.S.C. 3502(3)(A).
842, only 745—23 percent—are interconnected to
¶ 31,242, at P 92–101. the grid. 30 5 CFR 1320.11.

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29062 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 100 / Thursday, May 24, 2007 / Rules and Regulations

environment.31 The Commission has operated and thus do meet the the bulk-power system justifies our
categorically excluded certain actions definition of ‘‘small entity.’’ They also action here.
from this requirement as not having a argue that there are many QFs whose
VIII. Document Availability
significant effect on the human total electric output for the preceding
environment. As explained above, this fiscal years does not exceed 4 million 45. In addition to publishing the full
proposed rule carries out the intent of MWh. They state that is particularly text of this document in the Federal
legislation, specifically section 215 of true because many QFs operate only on Register, the Commission provides all
the FPA. It lifts an exemption and thus an intermittent basis and thus ‘‘it is interested persons an opportunity to
makes section 215 of the FPA applicable entirely possible that many wind, solar, view and/or print the contents of this
to QFs; it does not substantially change run of the river hydroelectric, and document via the Internet through the
the effect of the legislation. Accordingly, cogeneration facilities with nameplate Commission’s Home Page (http://
no environmental consideration is capacities well in excess of 20 MW are www.ferc.gov) and in the Commission’s
necessary.32 still protected by the RFA and that Public Reference Room during normal
many of the 745 QFs identified as being business hours (8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
VII. Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis Eastern time) at 888 First Street, NE.,
subject to the rule are, indeed, small
41. The Regulatory Flexibility Act of entities.’’ 38 Room 2A, Washington, DC 20426.
1980 (RFA) 33 generally requires a 43. We continue to believe that, given 46. From the Commission’s Home
description and analysis of rules that the NERC size threshold for registering Page on the Internet, this information is
will have significant economic impact generators, few if any of the QFs that available in the Commission’s document
on a substantial number of small will be required to comply with management system, eLibrary. The full
entities. The total universe of qualifying reliability standards as a result of this text of this document is available on
facilities is 3,265 entities.34 Of these, Final Rule will be small entities. Sunray eLibrary in PDF and Microsoft Word
2,423 entities are below 20 MW (the and Indeck recognize that a 20 MVA or format for viewing, printing, and/or
threshold for applicability of the 20 MW facility would not normally be downloading. To access this document
Reliability Standards is 20 MVA for an considered small for purposes of the in eLibrary, type the docket number
individual generating unit, or 75 MVA RFA. They argue, however, that some excluding the last three digits of this
in aggregate for a generating plant),35 QFs generate so intermittently that they document in the docket number field.
which leaves 842 entities that could would be considered small. Given that 47. User assistance is available for
potentially be impacted by reliability the Small Business Administration’s eLibrary and the Commission’s Web site
standards. Of these 842 entities, only standard (4 million MWh annually) is during normal business hours. For
745 are listed as being interconnected to the equivalent of a 4 MW facility, we assistance, please contact FERC Online
the grid. Accordingly, out of a total of would not expect that many 20 MW Support at 1–866–208–3676 (toll free) or
3265 QFs, only 745, or 23 percent facilities would generate so (202) 502–8222 (e-mail at
would likely be affected by the change intermittently that they fall within the FERCOnlineSupport@FERC.gov), or the
in regulations proposed here. Most, if SBA definition of a small facility. Public Reference Room at (202) 502–
not all, of the QFs that would be Moreover, the NERC registry criteria 8371, TTY (202) 502–8659 (e-mail at
affected by this Final Rule do not fall provide for exclusion of an entity that public.referenceroom@ferc.gov).
within the definition of small entities,36 otherwise would meet the registry IX. Effective Date
nor do they meet the threshold criteria criteria, if the entity can reasonably
for applicability of the RFA to electric demonstrate that it does not have a 48. We will deny Florida Renewable
utilities established by the Small material impact on the reliability of the QFs’ request that QFs be given a grace
Business Administration, which is bulk-power system. Generators that period of one year to comply with this
based on a size standard of 4 million meet the nameplate size threshold for rule. Florida Renewable QFs argues that
MWh.37 registration, but generate so it will be more burdensome on QFs than
42. Comments filed by Indeck and intermittently that they would be for other generators to comply with
Sunray argue that the Commission’s considered small entities under SBA mandatory reliability standards because
analysis is deficient. They argue that, criteria, are likely to be able to show QFs were not previously subject to non-
contrary to the Commission’s findings, that they do not have a material impact mandatory NERC reliability guidelines.
most QFs are independently owned and on the reliability of the bulk-power We do not agree; we see no reason to
system and thus need not be registered. delay the effectiveness of reliability
31 Regulations Implementing the National
Further, we note, in the Reliability Final standards for an entity that is needed to
Environmental Policy Act, Order No. 486, 52 FR maintain the reliability of the bulk-
47897 (Dec. 17, 1987), FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 30,783 Rule, the Commission took steps to
(1987). lessen the effect of the reliability power system. Moreover, all users of the
32 18 CFR 380.4(a)(2)(ii).
standards on small entities in general.39 bulk-power system that meet
33 5 U.S.C. 601–12.
While few generators affected by the compliance registry criteria are
34 NOPR at P 10.
reliability standards will fall within the becoming subject to mandatory
35 The 20 MVA threshold corresponds to 20 MW,
definition of small entities, the reliability requirements for the first
if a unit is operating at a unity power factor. time. It is not just QFs that face
36 The RFA definition of ‘‘small entity’’ refers to Commission has thus taken steps to
the definition provided in the Small Business Act, further minimize the effects on small compliance with mandatory reliability
which defines a ‘‘small business concern’’ as a entities while at the same time assuring standards for the first time. In this
business that is independently owned and operated
the reliability of the bulk-power system. regard, as several commenters point out,
and that is not dominant in its field of operation. many QFs have been subject to some
See 15 U.S.C. 632. 44. Even if a very small number of
37 The Small Business Size Standard component QFs that fall within the definition of type of reliability standards, by contract
of the North American Industry Classification small are affected by this Final Rule, we or otherwise, for a long time. We
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System (NAICS) defines a small utility as one that, believe that assuring the reliability of therefore do not believe that QFs are in
including its affiliates, is primarily engaged in a markedly different position than other
generation, transmission, and/or distribution of
electric energy for sale and whose total electric 38 Sunray at 11; Indeck at 9. generators in terms of being prepared to
output for the preceeding fiscal years did not 39 SeeReliability Final Rule, FERC Stats. & Regs. comply with the reliability standards.
exceed 4 million MWh. See 13 CFR 121.201. ¶ 31,242 at P 1926. Moreover, as we have discussed

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 100 / Thursday, May 24, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 29063

earlier,40 the reliability standards, SUMMARY: The Department of the Army E. Paperwork Reduction Act
because of the operation of the registry is publishing our rule concerning law The Department of the Army has
criteria, will generally affect larger enforcement reporting. The regulation determined that the Paperwork
generation facilities, so that concern that prescribes policies and procedures on Reduction Act does not apply because
an earlier effective date will constitute preparing, reporting, using, retaining, the rule does not involve collection of
a particular burden for small facilities is and disposing of Military Police information from the public.
misplaced. These regulations are Reports. The regulation prescribes
effective June 25, 2007. policies and procedures for offense F. Executive Order 12630 (Government
The Commission has determined, reporting and the release of law Actions and Interference With
with the concurrence of the enforcement information. Constitutionally Protected Property
Administrator of the Office of DATES: Effective Date: June 25, 2007. Rights)
Information and Regulatory Affairs of ADDRESSES: Headquarters, Department The Department of the Army has
OMB, that this rule is not a ‘‘major rule’’ of the Army, Office of the Provost determined that Executive Order 12630
as defined in Section 351 of the Small Marshal General, ATTN: DAPM–MPD– does not apply because the rule does not
Business Regulatory Enforcement LE, 2800 Army Pentagon, Washington, impair private property rights.
Fairness Act of 1996. DC 20310–2800. G. Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory
List of Subjects in 18 CFR Part 292 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Planning and Review)
James Crumley, (703) 692–6721.
Electric power, Electric power plants, The Department of the Army has
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Electric utilities, Natural gas, Reporting determined that according to the criteria
and recordkeeping requirements. A. Background defined in Executive Order 12866 this
By the Commission. In the December 9, 2005 issue of the rule is not a significant regulatory
Federal Register (70 FR 73181) the action. As such, the rule is not subject
Kimberly D. Bose,
Department of the Army published a to Office of Management and Budget
Secretary.
proposed rule, amending 32 CFR part review under section 6(a)(3) of the
■ In consideration of the foregoing, the Executive Order.
635. The Department of the Army
Commission amends part 292, Chapter I,
published a proposed rule in the May H. Executive Order 13045 (Protection of
Title 18, Code of Federal Regulations, as
15, 2006 issue of the Federal Register Children From Environmental Health
follows:
(71 FR 27961) amending 32 CFR Part Risk and Safety Risks)
PART 292—REGULATIONS UNDER 635 to add the sexual assault reporting
The Department of the Army has
SECTIONS 201 AND 210 OF THE procedures. The Department of the
determined that according to the criteria
PUBLIC UTILITY REGULATORY Army published a proposed rule in the
defined in Executive Order 13045 this
POLICIES ACT OF 1978 WITH REGARD March 15, 2007 issue of the Federal
rule does not apply.
TO SMALL POWER PRODUCTION AND Register (72 FR 12140) amending 32
COGENERATION CFR part 635 to add revisions that I. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
address sexual assault reporting and The Department of the Army has
■ 1. The authority citation for part 292 evidence handling procedures; and determined that according to the criteria
continues to read as follows: incorporate restricted reporting defined in Executive Order 13132 this
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 791a–825r, 2601– procedures for certain domestic rule does not apply because it will not
2645; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 42 U.S.C. 7101–7352. violence incidents. The Department of have a substantial effect on the States,
the Army received no comments on the on the relationship between the national
■ 2. In § 292.601, paragraph (c)(3) is proposed rule.
revised to read: government and the States, or on the
B. Regulatory Flexibility Act distribution of power and
§ 292.601 Exemption to qualifying facilities responsibilities among the various
The Department of the Army has
from the Federal Power Act. levels of government.
determined that the Regulatory
* * * * * Flexibility Act does not apply because Frederick W. Bucher,
(c) * * * the rule does not have a significant Chief, Law Enforcement Policy and Oversight
(3) Sections 202(c), 210, 211, 212, 213, economic impact on a substantial Branch.
214, 215, 220, 221 and 222; number of small entities within the
* * * * * List of Subjects in 32 CFR Part 635
meaning of the Regulatory Flexibility
[FR Doc. E7–10007 Filed 5–23–07; 8:45 am] Act, 5 U.S.C. 601–612. Crime, Law, Law enforcement, Law
BILLING CODE 6717–01–P
enforcement officers, Military law.
C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
■ For reasons stated in the preamble the
The Department of the Army has Department of the Army revises 32 CFR
determined that the Unfunded part 635 to read as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Mandates Reform Act does not apply
Department of the Army because the rule does not include a PART 635—LAW ENFORCEMENT
mandate that may result in estimated REPORTING
32 CFR Part 635 costs to State, local or tribal
Subpart A—Records Administration
governments in the aggregate, or the
RIN 0702–AA56 private sector, of $100 million or more. Sec.
635.1 General.
Law Enforcement Reporting D. National Environmental Policy Act 635.2 Safeguarding official information.
635.3 Special requirements of the Privacy
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AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. The Department of the Army has
Act of 1974.
determined that the National 635.4 Administration of expelled or barred
ACTION: Final rule.
Environmental Policy Act does not persons file.
apply because the rule does not have an 635.5 Police Intelligence/Criminal
40 P 37, 41–43. adverse impact on the environment. Information.

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