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LABORATORY MANUAL
in
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY II
Prepared by
ROBERT E. DELFIN
June 2013
Table of Contents
Experiment No. 1
Experiment No. 2
Gas Absorption
Experiment No. 3
Drying
Experiment No. 4
Distillation
Experiment No. 5
Experiment No. 6
Batch Reactor
Experiment No. 7
Experiment No. 8
Level Control
Experiment No. 9
Flow Control
SAFETY RULES
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IN THE CONDUCT OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
A. GENERAL RULES
1. Perform only the experiment assigned by and the presence of the instructor.
2. Laboratory should be given due concentration and seriousness. Refrain from playing or being
restless while performing experiments.
3. Follow strictly the methodology of the experiment as explained in the manual. If you opt to deviate
from the procedure, consult your instructor to ensure that the revised procedure is safe and will not
alter the desired results.
4. Ascertain the limitations of the apparatus or equipment. When using them, do not overdo their
functions.
5. Wear safety apparels and protective devices in conducting laboratory experiments.
6. Handle all glassware with care. If breakages occur, throw away all broken pieces in a dedicated
trashcan / carton for the laboratory so as not to hurt others who will use the room after your class.
7. Before leaving the laboratory room, see to it that the gas and water outlets are properly closed and
the tiled working table and sink are clean. Free the table from anything that may be hazardous to
others.
8. If you discover a leaking gas outlet, report it at once to your instructor or the laboratory technician
so that it may be fixed and thus prevent fire.
9. Put all reagents on the wooden counter just above the gas outlet to avoid spilling the chemicals or
breaking the bottles. Better still, align them to facilitate identifying them while performing your
experiment.
10. Do not lean on the tiled working table or come close to it because spilled chemicals or water may
spoil or dirty your clothes. Always wear your laboratory gown/ apron during laboratory work.
11. The eyes are sensitive to volatile solutions. Avoid too much contact with these solutions to avoid
irritation and swelling of the eyes.
12. Salts of heavy metals have toxic effects. Never try to taste them.
B. ON HANDLING ELECTRICAL SAFETY
1. Lay electrical cord where no one can trip on them or get caught in them.
2. Before TURNING ON equipment, the laboratory group must agree the order in which equipment
should be switched off and be prepared to do so in an emergency. If in doubt consult the laboratory
instructor, demonstrator or technician.
3. To avoid injury and/or damage, always make absolutely sure that the power supply are switched
off before making or altering circuit connections or touching any bare metal parts.
4. When connecting a circuit, always make the power supply the last connection in connecting a
circuit.
5. Always connect the main current-carrying parts of the circuit first, making sure that all connections
are tight and that fuses of suitable rating are included.
6. As much as possible, lay out equipment and connections as in the circuit diagram, using the
shortest convenient cables. This simplifies circuit checking and identification of controls.
7. Do not SWITCH ON the power supply until controls have been set to their safest positions and the
circuit has been double-checked. If in doubt, seek advice of your laboratory instructor or laboratory
technician.
8. Make sure that there is an easy access to the power supply switches so that the circuit can be
quickly dis-connected in an emergency.
9. Ensure that all instruments are placed where they can be easily and safely read without leaning
over circuits or any equipment.
10. Do not place or put instruments or other equipment on stools, resistors or any mobile surface. If
they fall or move, they may be damaged and, furthermore, the circuit may be broken with
dangerous consequences e.g. live cables may touch equipment, your class- mates or personnel.
11. Do not touch live parts of the circuit or anyone who may be in contact with live parts.
12. Refrain from touching equipment with both hands to avoid a current passing across your chest and
heart region. (Adopt the 'one hand in pocket' pose).
13. Never touch the underside of terminal panels or the Inner regions of enclosed equipment when the
circuit is live.
14. Be sure your hands and your lab area are dry before using electrical equipment.
15. Do not switch on the power supply until all spare wires, spare equipment and miscellaneous items
have been removed from the vicinity of the circuit. Keep your bench tidy.
16. Never poke anything into electrical outlets.
17. Unplug all electrical equipment at the end of each laboratory period by pulling the plug not on the
cord.
C. ON COMBUSTION AND HEATING
1. Fire in the laboratory is caused by oxidation reaction, a process that results in the burning of
a substance when a small amount of heat is induced. All carbon-containing compounds
have oxidation properties and, therefore, these substances must be handled with extreme
care. In case of fire, use the fire extinguisher (ABC) nearest you and do not panic. The
ABC extinguisher, which is provided in all laboratory rooms, can extinguish all types of fire.
2. The handling of a heated test tube without a test tube holder can cause minor burns. For
burns caused by dry heat, apply burn ointment from the First Aid Kit found in the stock room.
3. Do not heat bottles or glass over a direct flame because these can break and hurt you and
your classmates.
4. Always use a wire gauze, asbestos pad, or water bath in heating a container to prevent any
breakages and burns.
5. Use a crucible tong in handling hot dishes or apparatus. Never hold hot dishes with your bare
hands.
6. In lighting a Bunsen burner, turn off the gas cock immediately if the burner strikes back. Do not
dare touch a hot burner. Use a matchstick, never a piece of paper, in lighting it because a
large flame from a piece of paper may cause a sudden burst of Bunsen flame.
7. Never throw a lighted matchstick at the sink, it may ignite a fire.
9. To detect the odor of the chemical, mixture solution or reagent, fan the vapor towards your
nose with your hand. Do not smell it at close range because doing so may suffocate or harm
you.
F. ON FIRST AID
1. BURNS
1.1 Immediately flush burns with cold water until burning sensation is lessened.
1.2 Alert the teacher immediately.
2. SPILLS ON THE SKIN
2.1 Flush the skin immediately with large quantities of water.
2.2 For acid spills, apply baking soda solution.
2.3 For basic spills apply vinegar or boric acid.
2.4 Alert the teacher immediately.
3. CUTS AND BRUISES
3.1 Do not touch an open wound without safety gloves.
3.2 Press clean hands directly on minor cuts to stop bleeding in a few minutes.
3.3 Apply cold compress to bruises to reduce swelling.
3.4 Alert the teacher immediately.
4. INJURY TO THE EYE
4.1 Flush eyes immediately with plenty of water for several minutes.
4.2 If a foreign object is lodged in the eye, do not allow the eye to be rubbed.
4.3 Alert the teacher immediately.
5. POISONING
5.1 Find out what substance was responsible for the poisoning.
5.2 Alert the teacher immediately.
6. ELECTRICAL SHOCK
6.1 Shut off the current at the source.
6.2 Remove wire with rubber gloves.
6.3 Alert the teacher immediately
G. ON 5S (SANITATION AND GOOD HOUSEKEEPING)
1. Always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like laboratory gowns, goggles, hairnet, gloves
and gas mask during experimentation.
2. EATING and DRINKING inside the laboratory room are strictly prohibited.
3. VANDALISM inside the laboratory room is strictly prohibited.
4. NO LOITERING in the laboratory is strictly implemented.
5. CHEWING GUM is strictly prohibited in the laboratory room.
6. Bring disposable rags and detergent every laboratory class for cleaning purposes.
7. Turn off water and gas cocks near your working area before leaving.
H. EMERGENCY AND EVACUATION
1. In case of emergency or untoward incident may happen the Room Captains (Instructor) shall guide
the room occupants under their supervision in evacuating the building in an orderly manner up to
the evacuation/ holding area and make sure that all occupants are fully accounted for by having a
roll call of all occupants in the laboratory rooms.
2. During the evacuation all occupants are advised not to panic to avoid stampede that may cause
accidents to any occupants.
3. Evacuees shall stay in their respective holding areas until an announcement is made for them to
return to their classes.
Performance Indicators
Beginner
1
Acceptable
2
Proficient
3
1. Identify the
procedures involved in
designing an
experiment
Fails to design an
experiment
following given
procedures.
Designs an
experiment
satisfying the
minimum
requirements of the
procedures.
Designs an
experiment exceeding
the requirements of
the procedures.
2. Develop a protocol to
conduct an
experiment
Fails to develop a
protocol to
conduct an
experiment.
Develops a
protocol to conduct
an experiment
satisfying minimum
requirements.
Develops a protocol
to conduct an
experiment exceeding
the requirements.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 2)
Percentage Score = (Total Score / 6) x 100%
Evaluated by:
_______________________________________
Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member
______________________
Date
Score