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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA

LABORATORY MANUAL
in
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY II

Prepared by

ROBERT E. DELFIN

June 2013

Table of Contents
Experiment No. 1

Diffusion of Liquids through Stagnant Non-Diffusing Air

Experiment No. 2

Gas Absorption

Experiment No. 3

Drying

Experiment No. 4

Distillation

Experiment No. 5

Determination of Air Properties

Experiment No. 6

Batch Reactor

Experiment No. 7

Plug Flow Reactor

Experiment No. 8

Level Control

Experiment No. 9

Flow Control

Experiment No. 10 Temperature Control


Experiment No. 11 Pressure Control
Experiment No. 12 Agitation
Experiment No. 13 Screening
Experiment No. 14 Final Laboratory Project

SAFETY RULES
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IN THE CONDUCT OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
A. GENERAL RULES
1. Perform only the experiment assigned by and the presence of the instructor.
2. Laboratory should be given due concentration and seriousness. Refrain from playing or being
restless while performing experiments.
3. Follow strictly the methodology of the experiment as explained in the manual. If you opt to deviate
from the procedure, consult your instructor to ensure that the revised procedure is safe and will not
alter the desired results.
4. Ascertain the limitations of the apparatus or equipment. When using them, do not overdo their
functions.
5. Wear safety apparels and protective devices in conducting laboratory experiments.
6. Handle all glassware with care. If breakages occur, throw away all broken pieces in a dedicated
trashcan / carton for the laboratory so as not to hurt others who will use the room after your class.
7. Before leaving the laboratory room, see to it that the gas and water outlets are properly closed and
the tiled working table and sink are clean. Free the table from anything that may be hazardous to
others.
8. If you discover a leaking gas outlet, report it at once to your instructor or the laboratory technician
so that it may be fixed and thus prevent fire.
9. Put all reagents on the wooden counter just above the gas outlet to avoid spilling the chemicals or
breaking the bottles. Better still, align them to facilitate identifying them while performing your
experiment.
10. Do not lean on the tiled working table or come close to it because spilled chemicals or water may
spoil or dirty your clothes. Always wear your laboratory gown/ apron during laboratory work.
11. The eyes are sensitive to volatile solutions. Avoid too much contact with these solutions to avoid
irritation and swelling of the eyes.
12. Salts of heavy metals have toxic effects. Never try to taste them.
B. ON HANDLING ELECTRICAL SAFETY
1. Lay electrical cord where no one can trip on them or get caught in them.
2. Before TURNING ON equipment, the laboratory group must agree the order in which equipment
should be switched off and be prepared to do so in an emergency. If in doubt consult the laboratory
instructor, demonstrator or technician.
3. To avoid injury and/or damage, always make absolutely sure that the power supply are switched
off before making or altering circuit connections or touching any bare metal parts.
4. When connecting a circuit, always make the power supply the last connection in connecting a
circuit.
5. Always connect the main current-carrying parts of the circuit first, making sure that all connections
are tight and that fuses of suitable rating are included.
6. As much as possible, lay out equipment and connections as in the circuit diagram, using the
shortest convenient cables. This simplifies circuit checking and identification of controls.

7. Do not SWITCH ON the power supply until controls have been set to their safest positions and the
circuit has been double-checked. If in doubt, seek advice of your laboratory instructor or laboratory
technician.
8. Make sure that there is an easy access to the power supply switches so that the circuit can be
quickly dis-connected in an emergency.
9. Ensure that all instruments are placed where they can be easily and safely read without leaning
over circuits or any equipment.
10. Do not place or put instruments or other equipment on stools, resistors or any mobile surface. If
they fall or move, they may be damaged and, furthermore, the circuit may be broken with
dangerous consequences e.g. live cables may touch equipment, your class- mates or personnel.
11. Do not touch live parts of the circuit or anyone who may be in contact with live parts.
12. Refrain from touching equipment with both hands to avoid a current passing across your chest and
heart region. (Adopt the 'one hand in pocket' pose).
13. Never touch the underside of terminal panels or the Inner regions of enclosed equipment when the
circuit is live.
14. Be sure your hands and your lab area are dry before using electrical equipment.
15. Do not switch on the power supply until all spare wires, spare equipment and miscellaneous items
have been removed from the vicinity of the circuit. Keep your bench tidy.
16. Never poke anything into electrical outlets.
17. Unplug all electrical equipment at the end of each laboratory period by pulling the plug not on the
cord.
C. ON COMBUSTION AND HEATING
1. Fire in the laboratory is caused by oxidation reaction, a process that results in the burning of
a substance when a small amount of heat is induced. All carbon-containing compounds
have oxidation properties and, therefore, these substances must be handled with extreme
care. In case of fire, use the fire extinguisher (ABC) nearest you and do not panic. The
ABC extinguisher, which is provided in all laboratory rooms, can extinguish all types of fire.
2. The handling of a heated test tube without a test tube holder can cause minor burns. For
burns caused by dry heat, apply burn ointment from the First Aid Kit found in the stock room.
3. Do not heat bottles or glass over a direct flame because these can break and hurt you and
your classmates.
4. Always use a wire gauze, asbestos pad, or water bath in heating a container to prevent any
breakages and burns.
5. Use a crucible tong in handling hot dishes or apparatus. Never hold hot dishes with your bare
hands.
6. In lighting a Bunsen burner, turn off the gas cock immediately if the burner strikes back. Do not
dare touch a hot burner. Use a matchstick, never a piece of paper, in lighting it because a
large flame from a piece of paper may cause a sudden burst of Bunsen flame.
7. Never throw a lighted matchstick at the sink, it may ignite a fire.

D. ON HANDLING APPARATUSES AND EQUIPMENT


1. Do not attempt to use an apparatus or equipment if you do not know how to operate it. Seek the
help of your instructor or the laboratory technician.
2. Handle any apparatus or equipment as if they are your own.
3. Use a towel or a piece of cloth when inserting or removing glass tubing into or from a cork to
facilitate the operation.
4. Check the rubber connection of the Bunsen burner to the gas source. Be sure to fit the rubber
tightly before lighting the burner.
5. The beam or the triple beam balance is a very sensitive apparatus. After use, return the
scale to zero so as not to destroy the apparatus. Carry the apparatus at the base so as not to
damage the scale balance connections.
6. When heating a solution in a test tube, the mouth of the tube should be directed away from the
body. Do not point it toward any-body because the contents may abruptly spill out and harm
your classmates.
7. Before returning the apparatus, see to it that they are cold enough to be handled to avoid burns.
8. Hold the separatory funnel and the burette by the cock. This will prevent the possibility of loose
cock connection.
E. ON HANDLING CHEMICALS
1. Acids must be handled properly. If they splash on the skin, wash the skin immediately with water
and sodium carbonate solution, then wash again with water.
2. Alkalis may damage the skin. Wash the skin immediately with plenty of water and then with 1%
acetic acid solution.
3. Gaseous bromine is toxic. Avoid inhaling the gas. Use a nose cover to avoid suffocation.
4. In diluting or mixing acids, always pour the acid slowly into the water while stirring. Never reverse
the process. Never pour water into the acid because the water splashing as it is poured into the
acid can cause minor burns.
5. Waste acids or reagents should be properly discarded into the collection bottle (waste bottle)
prior to disposal.
6. Carefully read the label of each reagent bottle. When in doubt, verify with the laboratory
instructor/technician.
7. Corrosive and flammable reagents like concentrated nitric acid, phosphorous, glycerin,
toluene, methanol, ethanol, and many other organic compounds should al-ways be stored in
closed containers and not subjected to open-flame.
8. To avoid contamination of reagents and wastage of chemicals, always use a clean micropipette
and medicine dropper to draw off liquid reagents and a dry spatula to transfer solid chemicals.
Do not return unused reagents to the original container. Store them in clean separate container.
Better still, get just enough for your experiment.
Never use your bare hands in handling
chemicals.

9. To detect the odor of the chemical, mixture solution or reagent, fan the vapor towards your
nose with your hand. Do not smell it at close range because doing so may suffocate or harm
you.
F. ON FIRST AID
1. BURNS
1.1 Immediately flush burns with cold water until burning sensation is lessened.
1.2 Alert the teacher immediately.
2. SPILLS ON THE SKIN
2.1 Flush the skin immediately with large quantities of water.
2.2 For acid spills, apply baking soda solution.
2.3 For basic spills apply vinegar or boric acid.
2.4 Alert the teacher immediately.
3. CUTS AND BRUISES
3.1 Do not touch an open wound without safety gloves.
3.2 Press clean hands directly on minor cuts to stop bleeding in a few minutes.
3.3 Apply cold compress to bruises to reduce swelling.
3.4 Alert the teacher immediately.
4. INJURY TO THE EYE
4.1 Flush eyes immediately with plenty of water for several minutes.
4.2 If a foreign object is lodged in the eye, do not allow the eye to be rubbed.
4.3 Alert the teacher immediately.
5. POISONING
5.1 Find out what substance was responsible for the poisoning.
5.2 Alert the teacher immediately.
6. ELECTRICAL SHOCK
6.1 Shut off the current at the source.
6.2 Remove wire with rubber gloves.
6.3 Alert the teacher immediately
G. ON 5S (SANITATION AND GOOD HOUSEKEEPING)
1. Always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like laboratory gowns, goggles, hairnet, gloves
and gas mask during experimentation.
2. EATING and DRINKING inside the laboratory room are strictly prohibited.
3. VANDALISM inside the laboratory room is strictly prohibited.
4. NO LOITERING in the laboratory is strictly implemented.
5. CHEWING GUM is strictly prohibited in the laboratory room.
6. Bring disposable rags and detergent every laboratory class for cleaning purposes.
7. Turn off water and gas cocks near your working area before leaving.
H. EMERGENCY AND EVACUATION
1. In case of emergency or untoward incident may happen the Room Captains (Instructor) shall guide
the room occupants under their supervision in evacuating the building in an orderly manner up to

the evacuation/ holding area and make sure that all occupants are fully accounted for by having a
roll call of all occupants in the laboratory rooms.
2. During the evacuation all occupants are advised not to panic to avoid stampede that may cause
accidents to any occupants.
3. Evacuees shall stay in their respective holding areas until an announcement is made for them to
return to their classes.

STUDENT ASSESSMENT FOR DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF EXPERIMENTS


Final Laboratory Project
1. Think of a project applying the engineering principles or theories you learned from this course.
2. Design a procedure for an experiment to test the functionality of the project.
3. Perform experiments using the formulated experiment procedure.
4. Analyze and synthesize the results.
5. Come up with a valid conclusion.

RUBRIC FOR FINAL LABORATORY PROJECT


(Engineering Programs)
Student Outcome (d2): Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze, and interpret data, and
synthesize information to provide valid conclusions for investigating complex problems.
Program:
Course:
Section:
Group Members: ______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________

Semester/School Year: ___

Performance Indicators

Beginner
1

Acceptable
2

Proficient
3

1. Identify the
procedures involved in
designing an
experiment

Fails to design an
experiment
following given
procedures.

Designs an
experiment
satisfying the
minimum
requirements of the
procedures.

Designs an
experiment exceeding
the requirements of
the procedures.

2. Develop a protocol to
conduct an
experiment

Fails to develop a
protocol to
conduct an
experiment.

Develops a
protocol to conduct
an experiment
satisfying minimum
requirements.

Develops a protocol
to conduct an
experiment exceeding
the requirements.

Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 2)
Percentage Score = (Total Score / 6) x 100%

Evaluated by:
_______________________________________
Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member

______________________
Date

Score

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