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Shahid Ali
Course Outlines
INTRODUCTION
Introduction, Basic definitions
Flow Classification, Normal flow, Velocity Distribution in open channels
Pressure Distribution (Hydrostatic and Non hydrostatic),Froude number & Reynolds
number
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Reynolds transport theorem
Conservation of Mass, Momentum and Energy
UNIFORM FLOW
Flow in rectangular and Non-rectangular channels
Critical flow, Specific energy, Flow resistance
Computation of uniform flow, Normal depth in compound channel, Channel design
GRADUALLY-VARIED FLOW
The gradually-varied-flow equation, Finding the friction slope
Profile classification, Qualitative examples of open-channel-flow behavior
Numerical solution of the GVF equation
RAPIDLY-VARIED FLOW
Hydraulic jump and energy dissipation
Specific energy, Critical-flow devices, Rapidly varied flow computation
Visualization of hydraulic jump, Characteristic of flow over weirs
Flow over spillway, ogee weir, Flow around piers
Flow in converging and diverging channel section, Forces on objects
UNSTEADY FLOW
Recommended Textbooks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Basic Principles
Physical Processes
1. Diffusion
2. Convection/Advection
Q A
0
x t
Momentum Equation
1 Q 1 Q 2
y
g g ( So S f ) 0
A t A x A
x
negligible
Streamline curvature is small.
Bottom slope of the channel is small.
Mannings equation is used to describe resistance effects
The fluid is incompressible
Continuity Equation
Q = inflow to the control volume
q = lateral inflow
Q
x
Q
Q
dx
x
Elevation View
Plan View
Change in mass
d
d V .dA
dt c.v.
c. s .
Continuity Equation
Q A
0
x t
(Vy) y
0
x
t
y
V y
y
0
x
x t
Conservation form
Momentum Equation
From Newtons 2nd Law:
Net force = time rate of change of momentum
d
F dt Vd VV .dA
c .v .
c.s .
Sum of forces on
the C.V.
Momentum stored
within the C.V
Momentum flow
across the C. S.
Elevation View
Plan View
Momentum Equation
d
F dt Vd VV .dA
c .v .
c.s .
Sum of forces on
the C.V.
Momentum stored
within the C.V
Momentum flow
across the C. S.
1 Q 1 Q 2
y
g g ( So S f ) 0
A t A x A
x
Momentum Equation
2
1 Q 1 Q
y
g g ( So S f ) 0
A t A x A
x
Local
acceleration
term
Convective
acceleration
term
Pressure
force
term
Gravity
force
term
Friction
force
term
V
V
y
V
g
g (So S f ) 0
t
x
x
Kinematic Wave
Diffusion Wave
Dynamic Wave
Momentum Equation
1 V V V y
So S f
g t g x x
Steady, uniform flow
Steady, non-uniform flow
Thanks