EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Universal Jeans Ltd. is a garment manufacturing company located in CEPZ. Its an exportoriented industry that exports its products at USA, Canada, EU, etc. It is a C category company
that is owned by Md. Nasir Uddin. It collects raw materials from Thai wan, Pakistan ,India ,
Japan , China , Bangladesh ,etc and Bangladesh. Quality is a dynamic state associated with
products, services, people, process and environment that meet and exceed customer expectations.
Quality management is not just a strategy. It must be a new style of working, even a new style of
thinking. Total quality is an approach of doing business that attempts to maximize the
competitiveness of an organization through the continual improvement of the quality of its
products, services, people, processes and environment. A practical practice of Total Quality
Management (TQM) is accepted by Universal Jeans Ltd in Bangladesh. It is a well established
Private Company and 100% owned by local investor. Universal Jeans Ltd. The company uses
some automated machines and equipment which provide it distinguishing advantages over the
competitors. As a result the company now able to export products to European countries, USA,
Japan etc. Here we also try to discuss about the Management Practice of Universal Jeans Ltd.
and Human Resource Management, Production performance, Marketing Management, Financial
Management of Universal Jeans Ltd.. This paper contains the findings of TQM which practices
in Universal Jeans Ltd. Universal Jeans Ltd significantly continues its journey by practicing a
continuous improvement process, this paper tries to describe the total scenario of their
management practices and process improvement

Page 1 of 91

PREFACE
Our academic study is limited in theories. But the proper educational perfectness depends on
practical knowledge, which is quite vital for all the students of B.B.A. The business of the world
is sure to be changing by character in this century. Today the world performs practical knowledge
to theoretical knowledge. In our Chittagong University all the Departments of B.B.A. encourage
the students to make Industrial Tour in order to make us closer to the business world both
theoretically & practically. Here I observed that theoretical study should be supported by
practical study. After the acquisition of both academic that is theoretical education as well as
practical education we must have to know the process of applying this knowledge in the complex
situation of practical life. The Industrial Tour is a so-called practical learning through program.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises due to Almighty. All the progress, achievement and success throughout my life are
HIS blessings. With HIS infinite mercy and kindness I am here, where I am today.
This is absolutely truth that our Industrial Tour program cannot be happened really without the
helping and supervising the Department of Management Studies of Chittagong University.
First of all, I would like to thank my honorable teacher Dr. A.F.M Aowrangazab, Professor;
Department of Management studies, University of Chittagong for his excellence guidance,
cordial supervision and mental encouragement during the period of practical work and preparing
this assignment.
I am really grateful to Mr .Md. Mahbubul Alam Sr. Manager, (HR, and Admin. & Compliance),
Mr. A. K. M. Khairul Azim, Deputy Manager, (HR, and Admin. & Compliance), Universal Jeans
Ltd.
I am also grateful to all officials of Universal Jeans Ltd to co-operate during my study.
I am also thankful to my group members who assisted me to make my tour paper as a success.

OBJECTIVE

OF THE

STUDY

The main objective of this study is to fulfill the academic requirement as well as together
practical and theoretical knowledge about Universal Jeans Limited. This practical knowledge
will help me to face challenges in my future business career. In addition to the principle
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objective, the following are some of the common but significant objectives of this type of study:
The principal objective of the study is to get insight knowledge about the overall
aspect of an industry through visiting and collecting the first hand data.
To know about the company profile.
To develop a clear and comprehensive view of Human Resource Management
practices of Universal Jeans Limited.
To evaluate the overall HRM performance of Universal Jeans Limited.
To know about performance evaluation system of employees and labors.
To gather knowledge about Company quality policy.
To study the challenges of Universal Jeans Limited.
To acquire knowledge about organizational pattern.
To measure productivity of the company.
To have an idea about their production performance.
To evaluate the rule of Universal Garment production division.

SCOPE

AND

METHODOLOGY

This report is prepared as a requirement of 4th year B. B.A. program and is confined to only one
Page 4 of 91

sample enterprise Universal Jeans Limited. Factories like, Universal Jeans Limited may not
be representative of the Garment industry as a whole.
A lot of materials and information are required for the preparation of this Industrial Tour Report.
The methodology followed for the purpose of the study has been desk research as well as field
survey. I have collected Information from both primary and secondary sources with the help of a
questionnaire to prepare this report. The main sources of primary data are:
Desk to desk practical experience.
Personal interview of the General Manager, Production manager and HR manger of
Universal Jeans Limited.
Web site of the Organization.
Various documents such as organization organogram, workers guidelines, booklet, and
code of conduct guidelines are used in preparing this report.
In this report I have followed the guidelines provided by my honorable teacher.

LIMITATIONS

OF THE

STUDY
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The study has been conducted subject to certain constraints:

We have been allowed only one day for the Industrial tour, which is not enough to study
the Industry in depth.

For the Company strategy, the authority not providing confidential financial and
marketing data. In view of the business strategic division, the company has been found to
be hesitant in furnishing relevant data.

The rate of success of my study may be limited as I might have failed to collect proper
information due to lack of my experience.

Universal Limited not produces Annual Report.

Lack of adequate information due to not resourceful web materials.

I, therefore, hope that this report will be evaluated with an approach subject to the recognition of
the above-mentioned shortcomings.

INTRODUCTION
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Garments sector is one of the important export sectors of our country. Today readymade garment
sector not only earn maximum foreign currency but also engage a lot of unemployed people in
this productive sector. For this industry, various banks and insurance businesses are now in better
position, transportation business now expanded in the country, shipping business is increasing
inside and outside the country, cargo handling, clearing and forwarding business , buying house,
hotel tourist- all this sectors found possibility of their business by this readymade garments
exports. There are more than 18 lacks people engaged in this sector. So their purchasing powers
increases and a group of consumer also created by this sector. More than 8 lacks people are
engaged in different accessories industry to earn their money. As a result, our unemployment
reduces, besides this, our socioeconomic position also developed. It is true that, for bright future
of Bangladesh the contribution of this sector cannot be neglected.

We selected Garment industry for our Industrial tour program by thinking its great importance.
We have visited a Garment manufacturing unit. So, the following Report is prepared on
Universal Jeans Limited"

AN OVERVIEW OF UNIVERSAL JEANS

LTD.
Universal Jeans Ltd. is a trusted name in world market. It has buyers confidence and excellent
reputation in home and abroad. It is a name of Quality Jeans and Casual Wears line in home and
abroad. Universal Jeans Limited started its commercial production from April 2008. Universal
Jeans limited is a subsidiary company of Pacific group which has started its operation since
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1984. . So in this sector Pacific Group has huge knowledge and experiences and contributing the
country from the very beginning. Universal Jeans Limited located in Chittagong Export
Processing Zone (CEPZ) and it is the biggest Jeans Garment Manufacturer in Bangladesh. . It is
a 100% export oriented garments manufacturing industry. It is a C type export oriented
readymade garments industry. C type means that it is owned by a Bangladeshi citizen
according to BEPZA act/rules and regulations i.e. 100% local investment. Within a very short
time of span the company achieved some significance success. Pacific group has achieved GAP
and BSCI certificates. Md. Nasir Uddin is the Managing Director of the Company. He is a well
experienced business personnel and industrialist. He has the vast marketing experience and for
exploring the export business. He had the opportunity to travel many countries and established a
good business relationship with the overseas buyers. Universal Jeans Limited has created their
position and image through excellent quality maintaining.

Concerning organizations of Universal Jeans Ltd.:

NZN Fashion Wears Ltd.
NZN Garments Ltd.
Diamond Fashion Wear (Pvt.) Ltd.
Jeans 2000.
Pacific Accessories
Pacific Jeans Ltd.

COMPANY PROFILE
Page 8 of 91

Factory Name

Universal Jeans Ltd.

Type

Private limited Company

Address

Plot#9-11,
sector
#6\A,
CEPZ,Chittagong-423, Bangladesh
Plot # 16-19, Sector-5
Chittagong Export Processing Zone,
Chittagong, Bangladesh

Head Office

Floor area

3,67,500 sqft.

Nature of the
company
Category
of
Company

100% export oriented.

the

Date of Commercial
production

C-Type (100% Bangladeshi investment)

April,2008
GAP,Lee,Wrangler,

Major Buyer's

MASH

&

M,

Charles Vogele,etc.

Markets

USA,Canada ,E.U,etc

Production Line

Jeans and Causal Wears

Raw material source

Thai wan
,Pakistan ,India , Japan ,
China , Bangladesh ,etc.

Tax exemption period

10 years (2008 to 2018).

Companys
capital

initial

BDT 130 corer

Companys
capital

present

BDT 150 corer

Daily
capacity

production

35000 units

Total production

US $7.68 million

Bankers name

HSBC, Agrani Bank , Bank Aisa.

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VISION
Expansion of capacity of the company through ensuring the quality.

MISSION
To boost up our countrys export and to get and sustain the recognition of World class better
quality garment products producer.

GOALS
The goals of the Company are to strive hard labor and sincere efforts to provide quality and value
added products to their esteemed clients obeying the national and international code of conduct
and to create more competitive in the internal and external market.

OBJECTIVE
Operating facilities that are environment friendly and safe for employees and
communities as a whole.
Upholding the integrity of all individuals, working in the industry by providing all legal
facilities including occupational health care and work place safety.
Continuous improvement of efficiency by introducing latest technology and technical
experts.
Presenting the best value through effective cost management.
Research of market trend and ultimate consumers fashion demand.
Satisfy the buyers by providing quality service on mutual trust and respect.
Continuous product development according to the latest fashion trend and innovation.
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PRINCIPLES
All the employees, customers/consumers and suppliers are behaved with morality.
All types of corruption must be prevented when and where it is occurred.
To recognize the contribution of all workers and help others to contribute.
To ensure the equal facility for all workers and to avoid all types of partiality.
Always ensure the maximum utility of wealth and resources.
To ensure the health care of employees and provide the safe work environment.

STRATEGY
The company strategy is to sustain in the market and expand the company through quality
maintaining. The company is also trying to maintain quality line of the products during economic
rescission period. With the growing difficulties faced with the import of almost 100 % Garment
raw materials, Universal Jeans Ltd has installed the world most latest high tech in production
process. The mother organization Pacific Group is a leading Jeans Garment producer firstly in
Bangladesh and then in Asia-pacific region. Through its operational process, the company is
restructuring its business in recent years and targeted 80% growth but the company is now facing
financial challenges due to global economic recession.

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THE WORKFORCE
Universal Jeans Ltd is a well example of work-force diversity in Bangladesh. The people who
are making it happen the employees are dedicated and energetic and experienced in their work.
Both male and female workers are being well represented here. There are 3211 workers are
working in the company.

Among them Skilledworkers-1000, semi-skilled-1500, unskilled

workers-500, supervisor-192, and quality control manager-262 are working in the company.
Even through in the administration level fresh graduates are employed as management trainee.

THE TECHNOLOGY
Universal Jeans Ltd is using the world best technology in their production process. By using
latest technology and producing quality product, the company creating a unique position in the
export market.

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BASIC CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Chairman
Chairman
Managing
ManagingDirector
Director
General
GeneralManager
Manager
Deputy General Manager
Accounts
Assist. General Manager

Cutting

Maintenance

Washing

Manager

HRD

Merchandising
ngng

Accounts

Production

Store

Deputy Manager
Accounts

HRD

Commercial

Assistant deputy manager

Accounts

Store

Production

Senior Executive
Junior Executive
Page 13 of 91

Staff
Workers

P
PRODUCTION
RODUCTION
D
DEPARTMENT
EPARTMENT

Page 14 of 91

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Universal Jeans Ltd. has a separate production department, which is the vital for that
organization .Universal Jeans Ltd. has goodwill and a unique position in the international market
for quality Jeans Garments. For that reason the company enjoying great advantage for
merchandising.

The production department is responsible for:

Maintaining liaison with the marketing and sales department and to accept the order for
specific floor according to the capacity.

Managing the machine lay out plan of the production floor.

Study the order/products carefully before start the production.

Arrangement of required raw materials, machine and manpower.

Arrangement of production according to the delivery schedule.

Take care of the products quality.

Facing buyers inspection.

Preparation of the production planning in advance and coordinate with the marketing
team to avoid any late delivery, over/less booking

Taking care of the safety issues like Products Safety, Workers Safety, and Safety of the
Industry.

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The production department has capacity to produce 35,000 units per day. The production system
of Universal Jeans Ltd. is continuous

PRODUCTION

FLOWCHART

OF

THE

COMPANY
R
E
Q
I
R
E
M
E
N
T
S

S
A
T
I
S
F
A
C
T
I
O
N

MARKETING &
SALES
Order Accept
Sampling, pattern
Designing, Marking,
Grading,
Costing
Quotation

Booking for
fabrics and
accessories

PURCHASE

Fabrics
Chemical
Accessories
Stones

STORING

Inspection
Material Receive &
Issue

Buyers confirmation
and receive sight L/C
or BB L/C

DELIVERY
After finishing all formalities
ensure the buyers by fax or
email. Ready for exporting the
garments

PRODUCTION

Cutting the Fabrics

Sewing
Washing
Inspection

FINISHING
STORING IN FINISHED
GOODS GODOWN

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Production Labeling according

to customers order.
Checking & Packing.

BUYERS CONTRACT
Universal Jeans Ltd. has a goodwill and unique position in the international garments market for
quality Jeans. For that reason the company enjoying grate advantage for merchandising.
Universal Jeans Limited has no specific rules and regulations to contract with the buyers.
Buyers are classified into two types:

1. Fixed Buyers (Registered)

2. New Buyers

New buyers are communicated through the following channels of communication:

International seminar attending by Directors

Referrals by the existing buyers

Participation in International Trade Fair

COMMUNICATING PROCESS
New buyers are sometimes influenced by the fixed buyers and are not well known about the
company. So Universal Jeans Limited invites the group of delegated referred the specific buyers
to visit the company, then after visiting if the delegates are satisfied with the process and product
of the company .They finalize the order of a lump sum amount for testing the ability of the
company to fulfill the target .After trail order the buyer order the bulk amount .Fixed buyers
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already well known about the company, company product quality of product. Universal Jeans
Limited regularly participates in International Trade Fair. Participation in international Trade Fair
is good source of promotion the product. Moreover Universal Jeans

Limited

has its own

display house. Universal Jeans Limited sometimes send delegate foreign to bring orders. Buyer
House is also using as a communicating process for the new buyers.

Registered Buyers of the Universal Jeans

Limited
Gap
Lee
Wrangler
MASH
H&M
Charles Vogele
V.F.Asia
Henri and Laurence
Miles
Tesco

RAW MATERIALS
Raw materials which are used for production purposes are as follows:
70% Fabric,
Jipper (Long Jipper, Short Jipper),
Thread,
Label (Main Label, Size Label, Item Label),
Lining Paper
Dice
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 Buttons,
Tabs,
Tags,
Polybags,
Cartoons,
Chemicals,etc.

The raw materials are imported from the

following countries
Most of the cases raw materials are imported from India. The other countries areIndonesia,
Hong Kong,
Taiwan,
China,
Dubai,
Pakistan,
Mexico,
Japan,
South Korea.

RESEARCHES AND DEVELOPMENT

The company has a separate R&D department for continuous development. This department
emphasis on the development of new products and new methods. There are four personnel
employed in this department. Experience leads them to invent the new products and new method
of production. R&D department always engage in the development of new model/version
regularly with customer driven initiative. Company also conducts research work for new product
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development. Company has already achieved some international certificate for its product
quality. CAN, Best Research & Development Achievement is their major achievements that are
internationally recognized. But company observed that the cost of conducting research and
development activity in Bangladesh is very costly. Though R&D department consume a huge
portion of money, it can innovate a new techniques that can increase the efficiency of the
workers and the company also can operate much more effective way.

QUALITY MAINTAINING PROCEDURE

To maintain the quality of the products the company follows the following
measures:
Quality Control Procedure (Internal and buyer consent)

100 % audit. Third party audits from buyer side.

Raw material inspection

Dangerous article protection (Steel fragmented, Niddle parts,

safety measures)

Accepted quality Level (AQL) Quality assurance 2.5

TQM is followed for maintaining product quality.

Quality fabrics, accessories and chemical used.
Sewing quality is maintained through skilled worker.
Best quality thread is using in sewing
Washing the Garments in the Italian imported washing plant

PROCEDUERE FOR MAINTAINING INVENTORY

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For raw materials

Software system (tally)

Work-in-progress

Manual reporting

NUMBER OF MACHINES
NAME OF THE MACHINE

NUMBER

Sewing Machine

3187

Finishing Machine

169

Cutting Machine

120

Washing Machine

342

Other

49

MACHINERIES
The machines which are used in production of Universal Jeans Ltd-

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 Single needle plain machine.

Two needle plain machine.
Over lock machine.
Interlock machine,
Bar tack machine.
Bolton hole.
Vale crow

PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Total production system of the company is basically divided into two parts,
which are as follows:
1. Production by CAD:
Since this company is mostly based on manufacturing of garments wear so the cutting and
designing of cloth is most important task. As a consequence Computer Aided Design (CAD) is
largely used for producing the products. And the other hand to cut the cloth on the basis of size
of the shirt, pant, trouser, etc made by the CAD. It reduces the wastages and creates an effective
cutting on the cloth. In this way, the shirt, pant, coat, trouser and other dress have been producing
by the computer equipment. Design has been monitoring by the computer monitor and this
output as a design on GGT printing machine. That designs have to place on the cloth correctly
and cutting for final production by the workers.

3. Production by CAM:
Similar as CAD, Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is largely used for manufacturing
concern.

The CAM is technique applied by the modern sophisticated equipment of

UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. Some sort of product would not make possible totally by the hand of
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human being which is easily operated on the computer aided machine. In order to produce high
quality product to set up CAM system which mark on their quality of product as a level of brand.
In this way, the company to proper used on CAM is effective performance for production and
marked by the computer level seal to their product remain.

Production Capacity UNIVERSAL JEANS (Items per Day)

Total Capacity: 35000 units

PRODUCTION PROCESS
There are nine divisions in the production process. Each and every product has to pass different
steps from store division to delivery division. The following divisions are included in production
division Store /Warehouse division,
Cutting division,
Sewing division ,
Leger division,
Wet & Dry division
Trimming & Brushing division
Washing division,
Post wash quality division,
Counting and delivery division

STORE / WAREHOUSE DIVISION

Store or warehouse division collects raw materials from different countries as per buyer
requirement and choice. Production process starts from Merchandizing department through order
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procuring from buyers. Merchandizing department send different product sample to the buyer. If
they choice or approval any sample or design, then give order for particular amount. Sometimes,
buyers give the design of the product and mention the country from where the company has to
collect the raw materials. Then the company goes to Free and Bond Process (F&B).

CUTTING DIVISION
The company uses Computer Aided Design (CAD) for assorting and designing the products.
This division works as per cutting order, ratio, size (L-size, M-size, N-size, and Excel-size) and
design. :
Three parts in cutting option:Layer,
Marking Paper,
Cutting

SEWING DIVISION
In sewing division, the company also uses 15 types machines. For extra ordinary design, the
company has Automated section which works automatically as per computer program.
This department is sub-divided intoVI-section,
ME-section,
MAC -section

LEGER DIVISION
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Leger division is used for cutting process and special design. Leger section works and design as per
Computer Aided Design (CAD)

WET AND DRY DIVISION

Separate machines are used for wet process and dry process. There are 14 sub-departments for
designing different symbol, dragons which must be completed in the wet and dry process. After
completing wet and dry process, the products are sent to the Trimming and Brushing section.

WASHING DIVISION
The company uses Italian stone for washing purpose. There are different machines for different
washing process. The materials that are used in washing operationOver dye,
Sand blasting
Chemical blasting
Heavy destroy
Easy care finish; etc.

POST WASH QUALITY DIVISION

This division works as like Inspection division for inspecting post wash quality of the products.

PRODUCTION CAPACITY
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The company uses Standard Minute Value (SMV), General Sewing Data (GSD), and Industrial
Engineering Data (IED) for measuring production capacity of different divisions.

QUALITY CONTROL
Universal Jeans have quality control department. They always try to maintain a standard quality
of a product according to the buyer standard. Universal Jeans have research and development
department for improving quality. They have not yet ISO certificate but it is on the way process.
Customer expectation is the basis of quality measurement; Universal Jeans have section for
quality control. They have an in quality control team and they always try to maintain the quality.
Universal Jeans have both preventive and repair maintenance policy for machine equipment

Page 26 of 91

HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT

Page 27 of 91

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

OF
UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD.
Human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is
responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work,
compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise. Management of human
resources is that function of all enterprises which provides for effective utilization of people to
achieve both the objectives of the enterprise and the satisfaction and development of the
employees. Human resource management differs from traditional personal management.
Opening of Human Resource department signifies growing awareness of the importance of
human factor in organizational performance. In this section we would like show the human
resource management of Universal Jeans Ltd. Since above 7000 workers are working in the
company, so it is very important to manage them.

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FUNCTION OF HR DEPARTMENT
Functions of HR department are given below:

Maintain Liaison with the Administrative Manager.

Grievances handling of the workers.

Undertaking training programs for skill development.

Counseling the rights and responsibilities among the workers.

Maintain office security.

Wage &salary administration for workers & staff.

Maintain personal files &records of workers & staff.

To arrange promotion for workers & staff.

Conducting motivational programs.

Taking care of in-house cleanliness, health and safety.

Ethical issues and codes of conduct etc

Human resources planning, recruitment & selection.

Training & communication.

Ensure health & safety environment in office &factory.

Dealing with company related matters.

To ensure transportation facilities for workers & staff.

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HRM STRUCTURE
Our people are our most important asset. Safe work place gives
much confidence to the workers. Human rights, occupational health
and safety are our main principle.
Chairman.

General
General Manager
Manager

Manager
(HR & Admin)
Deputy
Deputy Manager
Manager

HR

Compliance
Compliance

A.M.
A.M. (H)
(H)

A.M.
A.M.
(Com)
(Com)

Sr.Exe.
Sr.Exe.

Sr.Exe.
Sr.Exe.

Exe.
Exe.

Exe.
Exe.

Assistant
Assistant
Jr.Exe.
Jr.Exe.

Assistant
Assistant
Jr.Exe
Jr.Exe.

M.O.

S.
S. Nurse
Nurse

Security
Security

Security
Security
Off.
Off.

G.
G. admin
admin

J.Off.
J.Off.
Page
30 of 91

HP/Cleaner
HP/Cleaner

WORKER
THE MAIN AREAS OF HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
The main task of HRD is a good human resource planning. And another important task if
selecting the right employee. . HR planning, in turn, involves job analysis and forecasting the
demand and supply of labor. Basically the personnel manager is responsible for human resources
planning, but before taking any decision he consults with line managers. Manpower planning is
the process by which an organization can engage the right number of people for the right job at
the right time.
Now we will see the different important segments of HR functions relating to this type of
production oriented industry. This department is so important because, its a labor intensive
industry i.e. thousands of workers is working here. There is an organized manpower policy in
this type of production- oriented company. Companys policy regarding manpower planning,
recruitment and selection, salary and wages administration, benefits and services, training and
development, performance appraisal, motivation, promotion/demotion, employee morale, etc. are
discussed in the following segments of the paper.

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HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING

Human resource planning is the process by which an organization ensures that it has the right
number and kinds of people, at the right place, at the right time, capable of effectively and
efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall objectives.
The HR manager is responsible for manpower planning, but before taking any decision he
consults with line managers. Attempts must be made to match supplies and demands, making
them compatible with the achievement of the organizations future needs.
Universal Jeans Ltd emphasize on manpower planning for the following reasons

Understaffing loses the business economies of scale and specialization, orders,

customers and profits.

Overstaffing is wasteful and expensive, if sustained, and it is costly to eliminate

because of modern legislation in respect of redundancy payments, consultation,
minimum periods of notice, etc. Very importantly, overstaffing reduces the
competitive efficiency of the business.

In UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd there are huge numbers of human resources in various
departments.
Page 32 of 91

Numbers of human resources in various

departments
Male

Female

Total

Male%

Female%

W/F

2952

4122

7074

41.73

58.27

Staf

435

59

494

88.06

11.94

Sr. Mgt

34

35

97.14

2.86

Jr. Mgt

124

18

142

87.32

12.68

100.00

0.0

3552

4200

7752

45.82

54.18

Foreign
Technicia
n
G. Total

Page 33 of 91

TYPE

IN PERCENTAGE

Skilled

55%

Unskilled

45%

Permanent
Casual

90%
10%

HUMAN

RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

PROCESS
The sequence of the activities performed by UNIVERSAL JEANS Limited to ensure
quality people on the right job is given below:

Page 34 of 91

Human
Human Resource
Resource Planning
Planning

Recruitment
Recruitment

Selection
Selection

Orientation
Orientation

Training
Training

Performance
Performance

Compensation
Compensation
&Benefits
&Benefits

Career
Career Development
Development

JOB ANALYSIS AND JOB DESIGN

Job analysis is the method used to determine what types of manpower are needed to perform the
jobs of the organization. Job analysis is one of the most important task that performed by the HR
staff. Through job analysis the vacant position is find out and the job description and job
specification is prepared. Job description is the duties or responsibilities that an employee need
to perform at the time of doing job. Job specification is the quality and knowledge that an
employee needs to fill the vacant position. Universal Jeans Ltd is very much conscious about
preparing these and trying to select the best employees who have the required quality.
The supervisor or HR specialist normally collects one of the following types of information:
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First he or she collects information about the job actual work activities such as
marketing, sewing, production. This list also include how, why and when the worker
performance each activity.
Collects the information about educational background and qualification.
Experience must be needed for top level management.
Variety refers to the use of different skills and talents to complete an array of work tasks
and activities.
HR specialist collects information related to operation and responsibilities for specific job. This
is the primary and pre-condition before recruiting and selecting a person. UNIVERSAL JEANS
LTD follows job analysis before employee recruitment.

JOB DESCRIPTION
Job description is an organized and factual statement of the duties and responsibilities for a
particular job. Universal Jeans Ltd follows job analysis, job specification and job description for
every job.

JOB SPECIFICATION
It is a statement of minimum acceptance of human qualities necessary to perform a job properly.
The company selects employees according to job specification

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PROCEDURE OF EMPLOYMENT
In the procurement procedure, Universal Jeans Ltd follows the following process:
All workers are procured according to the labor law.
There is no discrimination among employees in behavior on the basis of religion,
gender, rite, ritual etc.
The recruiting committee recruits workers.
Newspaper, poster or any other media are used for recruiting process.
A passport size photographs with C.V and other necessary documents must be
submitted by the applicant.
The age of the workers must not be less than 18 years.
Before appointment everyone need to submit the birth certificate.
Workers need to submit the medical certificate, certificate of age from union council
chairman or commissioner certificate before the final appointment.
Anyone cannot be forced to work. Any kind of deed or liability bound worker will not
get appointment here.
Appointed all workers will be provided the appointment letter.
If any worker is not terminated within the first six month of his/her appointment then
The worker will be treated as the permanent worker automatically.

EMPLOYEE RECRUITMENT & SELECTION

PROCESS
In most of the organizations, the human resources are properly viewed as their most important
assets. For employee recruitment and selections, the company consider following factors to
formulate principle:
Needs of employee for present and future.
Opportunities of collection and selection.
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Economic conditions.
Goals.
Organizational style.
Nature of the tasks.
Departmental manager who decides that he needs to add to his staff or to replace someone who is
leaving the organization customarily initiates the process of searching for a new employee.
Commonly he makes a written request to the personnel department stating that he wishes to hire
someone to fill a specific vacancy. The position to be filled is defined in terms of its job
description and of its job specification (human qualifications). The hiring activity should be
integrated with the human resources plans of the company.
Now we will see the recruitment and selection process of the company. Recruitment and
selection for employee and worker is different. Here I will explain it separately. Todays
organizations are trying to treat human resource as capital for them. Because its success and
failure in most of the cases depends on the performance of the people working in it. So recruiting
and selecting the right personnel is very important task for the HR department.
Our visiting industry Universal Jeans Ltd is practicing separate procedure for recruiting and
selecting employee and worker. This procedure is explained below:

THE PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT

PROCESS
Human Resource
Planning
Alternatives to
Recruitment

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Personnel Recruitment

Internal
sources

External
sources

Internal
Method

External
Method

Recruited
Individual

RECRUITMENT

AND

SELECTION

OF

EMPLOYEE
Page 39 of 91

RECRUITMENT
In case of recruiting employee the company uses both internal and external sources including
employee referrals. When any departmental manager thinks that he needs staff to fill any vacant
position or replace any employee, he sends a written request to the personnel department. Then
the personnel department searches their internal sources to fill the position. If it is required to use
external source it gives advertisement in different media. Appropriate media selection is very
crucial as it relates to some factors like budget, nature of position etc. Most of the cases
company uses the following media.

News paper

Internet
Employee referrals
Private employment agencies
School placement
Others
The company also collects the applications from applicants by post or courier service and
others.

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Gate
Gate entry
entry (Eye
(Eye
view
view selection)
selection)

Token
Token collection
collection

Primary
Primary assessment
assessment

Doctor
Doctor age
age
verification
verification

Technical
Technical test
test

Final
Final board
board interview
interview

Joining
Joining proper
proper
distribution
distribution

Orientation
Orientation

Placement
Placement

Fig: Workers Recruitment

Process

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SELECTION
After recruitment, the company maintains selection procedure. Universal Jeans Ltd makes a short
list of applicants from among all before selection test. This type of short list is prepared on the
basis of qualification and experience. Normally the company follows the following test for
selection of employee.
Written (subjective type) test (industrial law & other related issues)
Written (MCQ type) test,
Oral test
Medical test

After making short list, a written (subjective type & MCQ type) test is taken from the selected
candidates then another short list is prepared for final oral test. Final selection is done from the
oral test. The whole selection process can be shown in the following simple diagram.

Advertiseme
nt

Shor
t List

Writte
n Test

Oral
Test

Appointme
nt

For senior manager: The post is filled up through promotion and hiring from other
manufacturing concerns.
For Junior Manager/Brand Manager: As this is an entry-level/mid level position in
management, Human resource department undertakes a series organization tests. All the
candidates are required to sit for written test. Written test, interview, physical test, group
performance test, physical examination is also undertaken. Then the potential candidates are
human resource Manager.
For staff: Departmental manger gives instruction to HRM to attract fight people.
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WAGES

AND

SALARY

ADMINISTRATION
Salary is the reward that paid by the employer to the employee for performing his assign duty.
Universal Jeans Ltd has a salary structure and they follow this structure at the time of paying
salary. According to this structure the salary varies employee to employee. The variation in
salary occurs due to some factor. Personnel department has its own policy for salary and wage
administration. There are some bases for setting pay. Universal Jeans Ltd considers the
followings as basis for salary and wage administration.

There are some bases for setting pay. These are as follows:
Seniority
Experience
Performance
Position
Academic qualification
Others

Average Pay Scale per Month for employees US$50.00.The minimum wages for worker is BDT
2100.00. Other than the basic salary the company pays some extra allowances to the employees
such as

Medical allowances

House rent

Provident fund 8.33%

UNIVERSAL JEANS provide two Eid bonuses to employees and workers

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TRAINING

AND

DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS
With the advancement of technology, wide use of computerization and related sophistication has
increased the need for training in universal Jeans Ltd. The company has a separate training
department in which a continuing training system is maintained. Employees are also sending to
train up in foreign country.

Universal Jeans Ltd. arranges training program for achieving the following purpose :

Increase performance

Making employee valuable

Motivation

Changing behavior

Improve skills

Increase production

Reduce wages

Development of human relation

Reduce supervision

Increase self-confidence

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TYPES OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM
ON THE JOB TRAINING
On the job training is a training that shows the employee how to perform the job and allows him
or her to do it under the trainers supervision. On the job training is normally given by a senior
employee or a manager like senior merchandiser or a manager. The employee is shown how to
perform the job and allowed to do it under the trainers supervision.

APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING
Apprenticeship training provides beginning worker with comprehensive training in the practical
and theoretical expect of work required in a highly skilled occupation. Apprenticeship program
combined of the job and classroom training to prepare worker for more than eight hundred
occupation such as computer operator, sewing technician. Universal Jeans Limited provides
training program at every Saturday and Thursday to the all lower level employees.
For workers:

On the job training

Apprenticeship training
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Workshop basis training

For technical staff:

In plant

On the job training

For officials:

Seminar

Work shop.

OFF THE JOB TRAINING

High officials are given off the job training. Accounting to this method includes lecture,
Workshop, Seminar, video Conferencing and other theoretical method which are helpful for
policy and strategy making set up objectives and goals.

QUALITY PEOPLE
Retaining the quality people in an organization is an important task for HRD. Every organization
wants to retain quality, experienced and efficient manpower to its organization. For retaining
quality people Universal Jeans Ltd. follows several procedure, those are as bellows|
Motivation
Promotion
Provide extra facility
Training
Performance evaluation.

MOTIVATION
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Motivation indicates the motive that activates the organization. Motivation can be defined as the
process that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal. The three key elements in this definition are important.
In motivating the employees the HR department of UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. has introduced
financial incentives, increment, profit sharing, job security. Universal JEANS LTD follows the
two-factor theory of motivation.
Intrinsic factors or Motivational factor which is related to job satisfaction such as

recognition, growth, advancement, work itself and achievement etc.

Extrinsic

factors are associated with dissatisfaction such as company policy,

administration, supervisions and salaries. If extrinsic or hygiene factors are available than
employees will not be dissatisfied, it does not mean that employees are satisfied. Because, these
are very common factors and exist in every organization.
UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd motivates their employees through some facilities. These are:
Handsome basic pay
Increment in basic pay
Job security
Job status
Good behavior

PROMOTION/DEMOTION
The most important policy question in promotion is the relative significance of seniority and
competence. In recent times potentiality and competency are considered as most important basis
for promotion. Though there is an increasing pressure and tendency, to give more weight to
seniority in making promotions, because of the great importance that worker attach to length of
service. Like public concerns, they do not have any system of demotion. HRM urged that the
incompetent employee has to be trained.
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The basis of promotion system in Universal Jeans Limited:o

Seniority

Experience

Performance

Academic qualifications

Skills

Political pressure

They do not have system of demotion. HRM urged that the incompetent employee has to be
trained.

TRANSFER
Transfer is defined as the act of shifting an employee one place to another without changing the
rank or status .To strengthen other weaker department of company Universal Jeans Ltd. usually
follows transfer policy.

TRAINING DIVISION
Universal Jeans Ltd. has the company compliance department for production related employees
and employers. They arrange an orientation program for the workers and give training about
First Aid Medicare, PPE, Fire Fighting, Chemical use and so on. There is a separate department
named Industrial Engineering Department for training. During the year in a specific time from
this department the training workshop schedule is announced and the training is given.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
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Performance evaluation is the process of deciding how an employee does his jobs . It is a process
for evaluating the past performance of an employee by his supervising officer who is conversant
with the employees job performance. There are two types of performance appraisals.
There are two types of performance appraisals.
1. Traditional performance appraisal
2. Result oriented performance appraisal

Universal Jeans Ltd. evaluate performance of employees by the following process

Immediate superior
Peers
Self-evaluation
Immediate subordinates
In Universal Jeans Ltd. result oriented performance appraisal is followed. There is a
continuous evaluation system for performance appraisal. The company has professional
appraisers to evaluate the performance. For evaluating performance, this company uses an
appraisal form to be filled by nominees associates and superior.

BENEFITS
Financial Benefits: Financial benefits are as follows:

Salary

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o Two Bonuses (half yearly or festival)

o Allowances
o Attendance bonus
o Performance bonus(80% up)
o Payment for gained leave
o 10% regular increment & 15% for best performance
o One day salary for one day work

Non-financial Benefits: Non-financial benefits are as follows:

o Communications/transport
o Free medical services
o Entertainment
o Child care facility
o Group insurance
o Entertainment

JOB ROTATION
Universal Jeans Ltd. follows job rotation strongly when employees feel fatigue and monotony
because of continuation of job. It indicates change the job for sometimes in order to minimize
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fatigue and monotony of particular employees

ABSENTEEISM
Absenteeism means not attending in the work place due to some personal or physical sickness.
Universal Jeans Ltd measures the absenteeism rate daily. And talking with the concern people we
come to that the reason of absenteeism is Sickness, Family Problem. And the rate of absenteeism
in Universal Jeans Ltd is 5%.

DISCIPLINARY ACTION
Mostly non co-operation results in indiscipline. Various factors like social, economic and cultural
also play a significant role in causing indiscipline. In Universal Jeans Ltd. the employees, who
are not accepting the responsibility of self-discipline, concern authority takes some disciplinary
actions.

The disciplinary actions taken by department are given below:

ORAL WARNING
The mildest form of discipline is oral warning. Supervisor or upper level employee clearly
inform employee of the rule that has been violated and the problem that this infraction has
caused. They allow the employee to respond and correct his\her behavior.

SUSPENSION
Manager of Universal Jeans Ltd. also punishes employees who break the rule
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by giving suspension order as a disciplinary action. . This may

be a short layoff, without pay.
Show Case is another disciplinary action taken by the company

LABOR TURNOVER
Labor turnover refers to the movement into an out of an organization during
a definite period. There are various effects of labor turnover.
These are:
Deceases of team spirit.
Increasing the training cost
Increasing the administrating expenses.
Difficulty of optimum use of machinery.
UNIVERSAL JEANS also faces problem in case of labor turnover. But there is only 5%
labor turnover in previous years due to the employees personal interest. To reduce the
employee turnover the company gives the promotion and increases the salary.

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
In UNIVERSAL JEANS there is a good management-worker relationship. The company
always tries to maintain good interpersonal relationship of employees. It improves employee
morality and organizations citizenship. The company improves their interpersonal
relationship through attending party, meeting, counseling, annual picnic and official festival.

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PARTICIPATIVE DECISION-MAKING
Participative decision-making is one of the core concepts of industrial democracy. Industrial
democracy is the modern global world phenomenon. UNIVERSAL JEANS takes
participative decision making, but do not encourage CBA. Their workers are well satisfied
and do not want CBA. Although they do not encourage CBA but take participative decision.

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES
There are various forms of industrial disputes like:
Strike
Sit-down
Lock-out
Go slow, etc.
In UNIVERSAL JEANS, there is no industrial disputes and conflicting situation.

EMPLOYEE MORALE
The company emphasis on group moral rather than personal. It has no particular system in
measuring the morale of employee. Being an employee of this concern the entire employee
possesses good social status and therefore, they have high morale. The organization has good
reputation in practicing ethical business. To ensure the ethical behavior of the employees it
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follows basic policies.

Not to do any unethical business.
Avoiding market and price manipulation practices.
Giving tax (Customs, Income, duty, others).
Not to offer and receive bribe for doing any thing.
Social welfare involvement

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Industrial relation occurs within dynamic conflict situation which is permanent and
unalterable so long as the structure of society of the social remains unaltered. UNIVERSAL
JEANS LTD .follows the industrial relation ordinance of 1969 properly. The existence
relationship between labor and management is good. The management tries to develop the
relation with the labors. There are no trade union activities in the organization. The worker
welfare committee discussed with BGMEA to solve the any problem.
The company also emphasizes on the following factors to develop industrial relation

Payment the proper wages within due time.

Ensure better working condition.

Arrangement training facilities.

Ensuring participatory management

CODE OF CONDUCT OF UNIVERSAL JEANS

LTD
PROCEDURE FOR LEAVE APPLICATION
All workers must apply for leave in a particular application form.
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There should be the recommendation of the branch supervisor.

In case of leave, all necessary documents need to attach with the
application form.
Before leaving the work place, all necessary work need to be
completed. After the approval of leave, one can enjoy the leave. The
procedures may be flexible on the situation basis, but after enjoying
the leave all necessary formalities need to be completed within the
next three days.
Leave is not a right, but it is facility provided by the company and
the decision of the authority will be final for leave approval.
If anyone enjoys extra leave in addition to the approval leave and if
he/she fails to prove the causes of absent, then the additional
absenteeism will be treated as misconduct and the person may be
punishable.
If Friday or any other government holidays are same days with
approved leave then these leave also treated as leave and it will be
subtract from the total leave approved.
Authority holds the right to declare the holiday in any day instead
of the weekly holiday.
Sick leave must be approved by the recommendation of the
registered doctor.
To get annual/earned leave any worker needs to serve minimum one
year in this factory, and one can enjoy these earned leave in next
year during his /her service.
If any woman worker serves in this factory regularly for six month,
then she can enjoy the maternity leave. But she cannot enjoy this
leave if her two or more child alive. Woman worker must submit the
report of pregnancy. The necessity of the leave with details report
by doctor must be submitted.
For getting leave, one needs to apply in a particular form, and the
recommendations of the head of the department need to convey to
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the HR Department.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR NEWLY APPOINTED WORKER

After getting the appointment letter or joining in the work one will
report to the assistant manager of the human resource department.
Departmental head then will take the necessary steps for orientation.

The officer of the human resource department will give the answer
and suggestion about the allowance, overtime, food arrangement,
transportation facilities, reporting and leave time, responsibilities and
the protective measure.

Smoking is prohibited in the factory. One cannot smoke even in the

bathroom or toilet.

The illegal use or steal the companys goods outside is punishable act.
Workers need to help the security guard of the factory in the gate for
charge and ask for.

One needs to know about the protective measure and the use of the
machineries or tools from the controller officer.

If any inconvenience or complain is not solved by the controller officer,

then its need to inform the human resource department.

If you have any complain or suggestion, you can get the attention of
the authority through submitting it in the written form in the Universal
Jeans Ltd Complain box.

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WORKERS PROTECTED RIGHTS

According to BEPZA authority instructions, protects the following
workers rights Minimum Salary/Wage: Monthly total minimum wages is the sum of 50
Dollars. In total wages, 60% percent is the basic salary and remaining
40% is treated as other allowances.
Any worker cannot be forced to work more than 8 hours per day with
overtime and not more than 60 hours weekly.
No workers are prohibited to do overtime. Overtime must be voluntary.
Without the permission of the BEPZA authority, women workers cannot be employed for
work after 8 pm. For overtime work, it must be paid at double the standard wage.
The rate overtime that is additional work determines the amount of the allowance of
overtime.

The calculation of overtime:

Basic salary/wages 208 2 Basic overtime hours

= Overtime received 208

= Aggregate monthly basic working hour

(26 working day * daily limit time of 8 hours work)

To prevent any misbehave with workers.

To report workers attendance on work accurately.
According to the rule, the salary/allowance is to be given.
The employment of child worker must be prohibited.
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 According to the rules, the break for mills and rest is given.
If any worker works during the festival leave then a compensatory
leave or salary must be given.
The termination of worker is followed by rules of standard procedure.

EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH

Universal Jeans Limited has written health safety and guideline book and a factory safety
committee provides personal protective equipment free of change and mandates its use and all
applicable local environmental safety and health regulations. This factory also provides health
safety Booklet, leaflet, and poster about workers service rule and code of conduct to the
employees.
Hundreds of workers wear colorful masks can be seen feverishly operating the sewing machines,
sorting, cutting fabric, sewing on various parts of the garment. The masks are to protect the
workers against cloth dust and supervisors strictly enforce this practice. Health and safety of the
workers are a major priority, the floors are clean and airy with proper emergency exits, fire
extinguishers and warnings about wearing safety gear such as gum boots in the washing unit and
metal gloves for the cutters. Individual identity card is provided to the each employee for
identification.

Every employee shall be treated with respect and dignity. No employee shall be subject to any
physical, sexual, psychological or verbal harassment or abuse. Written disciplinary procedures
are applied fairly among all workers of Universal Jeans Ltd.

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IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORK SAFETY

Machineries need to check up before starting of work.
To check up the Electric switch or cable.
To observe the surrounding of oneself.
Eyelash needs to keep clean.
To ensure the sufficient passage for easy exit without any barrier.
One needs to aware about the path of own exit and during the
dangerous signal, one should exit disciplinary.
Before starting of work it needs to check the needle guard, pull
guard, whether it is in the right form.
All kind of seizer requires binding with the body or machine.
The broken needles must be submitted before the issue of new
needle.

EMPLOYEE WORKING CONDITION

The working condition of employee is very hygienic. To motivate the employees, along with
salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , free transportation ,
24 hour medical center , on site sports . Production and accommodation facilities include full
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time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation facilities from sheet.
The factories also have their own effluent treatment plant, which treats the wastewater from
production so that it is less toxic before it is disposed off into the water bodies of the country. A
woman 'welfare officer' visits each floor regularly to hear out any complaints or problems any
worker may have and tries to come up with a satisfactory solution. Here the woman worker can
tell the welfare officer who then informs the supervisors so that extra consideration is given to
the worker such as extra food, more bathroom breaks, saving her from any heavy work and so
on. Universal Jeans Ltd provides free medical checkup, provides health card and also provides
necessary medical facilities for each employee. Fulltime doctors (two doctors) are on duty at the
medical unit, which is again, clean and has two beds for workers who may fall ill while on the
job. The following are the different Medicare services provided by the companyo Hospitalization (Covers inpatient & outpatient hospital care & services.)
o Major Doctor Bills.
o Charges of visiting a doctor or specialist.
o Prescription drug costs.
o Provides unlimited in-home care in certain situations.

SAFETY AND SECURITY MEASURES

Fire equipments

Fire extinguishers
Fire alarms
Manila rope
Face mask
Emergency lights
Smoke detector
Exhaust fan
Fire hoses

: ABC-26pc, CO2-30pc
: 12 alarms
: 10 pcs
: 30 pcs
: 50 lights
: All floors
: 130 fans
: 10 hoses
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First aid boxes

Water bucket with stand

: 10 boxes
: 20 pcs

WORKERS COMPENSATION
Universal Jeans paid Workers compensation claims for Injury
Occupational disease
Death

PROVIDED FUND
Every permanent worker must be the member of this fund. From the
each workers salary a specific amount will be cut and deposited to this
fund and company also deposit same amount of money.

There is a

separate trustee board for managing provident that is registered

according to the law. The deposited money is refundable including
profit after a certain period of time. From this fund one can get loan
after the fixed period of time.

INCENTIVES:
If any worker are not absent for a single day in a month without
permission, in that case he/she will get presence bonus and if one
day absent then he/she will also get incentives.

Food allowances will be provided.

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For the workers of long distance, there is a transportation facility.

Universal jeans limited also paid during the following terms Holidays
Vacations/ Festival leave-12 days
Casual leave-10 days
Marriage leave
Maternity leave- 8 months + 8 months
Sick leave-14 days
Earned leave-14 days
Personal leave
Sabbatical leave/ For Muslims, leave after death
Other religious leaves such as pilgrimage or preaching.

WORKERS RESPONSIBILITIES:
o To present in the workplace in just time.
o To follow the disciplinary rules of the company.
o Actively participate in the production process and achieve the target.
o Not absent in work without the permission.
o To keep neat and cleanness.
o Careful about the use of toilet, commode, and basin and keep it cleans so that the next
user can use it without any hesitation.
o To eat the food with cleanliness in the canteen.
o To obey the order of supervisor or concerned authority.
o Always use the uniform and identity card.
o Before using the machine make it clean and take care of it.
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o To submit all necessary things to issue girl after the completion of work.
o Seizer, bowmen case or any other things cannot be taken out from the factory.
o Any unnecessary talking cannot be allowed in a line during working.
o To be sincere in work.

PRINCIPLES OF CODE OF CONDUCT OF AUTHORITY WITH

WORKERS
Obligatory Principles of Universal jeans Ltd. for behaving with workers
according to the labor law Any type of physical and mental torture cannot be done with any
workers.
If the workers have any complain, it need to here cordially and urgent
steps should be taken.
It is completely prohibited to make them work without payment.
It is prohibited to force them for overtime work involuntarily.
It is prohibited to deprive the workers from their rights.
Any kind of question of the condition of pregnancy is prohibited in
case of woman worker recruitment.

Except the employment of child worker, all other worker needs to

recruit on the basis of equality.

There is a system of making complain to the senior authority of the

worker. If he/she feel hesitate in that case worker can submit the
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complain in the complain box, which is exist in the factory.

It is obligatory to ensure the emergency medication for sick or

wounded worker. And for the failure punishment measure will be
taken for the concerned authority.

There is an opportunity to give opinion of the workers through WRWC.

In case of urgent need a worker can hold the right to get the leave.
And for this leave salary will not cut.

In this factory the production is ensured through the capability. In

this case there is no system of estimating numerical figure of
production. It is completely prohibited.

There is a system of annual salary increment and promotion on the

basis of qualification. In this case any discrimination is prohibited and
punishable.
In the workplace use of any kind of spot remover machine is
prohibited.

There is arrangement for protection equipment for every worker in

this factory. Workers are ordered to know and convey others about
the use and effectiveness of it.

CAUSES OF MISCONDUCT
According to BEPZA authority the following activities may be treated as
misconductDisobedient of the order of the higher authority individually or ingroup.
Steal, careless of duty; destroy the image or property of the
company.
Any illegal transaction or bribe taken or given.
Careless about the duty or absent (without any legal cause more
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than 10 days absent in a year will be treated as misconduct),

present in the work lately.
To absent continuously 10 days or more than that without informing
the company.
To break the rules and order of the company as intentionally.
To absent in work individually or in-group.
To collect any kind of subscription in the factory compound.
Smoking in the factory.
Without the prior permission of the authority, any kind of hand bill,
leaflet, or fostering or announce.
Any kind of meeting in the factory compound without the prior
permission of the authority.
Any kind of gambling or participate such kind of game in the
factory area.
Habitual breaking of discipline.
To leave the workplace without permission.
Make any pilferage within the factory or zone.
To join in the job using false name, age, certificate and address.
Engage in personal transaction or business in the workplace.
Misuse or destroy the goods in the store of the factory/company.
To Delay in work individually or in-group.
Punished by the court for any kind of misconduct.
Not use of the protection equipment properly in the workplace. For
this one may be punished or terminated.

GRIEVANCES HANDLING PROCEDURE

The complains of worker can be dismissed by the following procedurePage 65 of 91

 If any worker has any complain during the work, the worker will present
complain to departmental head.

If the departmental head fails, then he will present the problem to the
HRD through Worker Welfare Committee. Human resource department
will give a satisfactory solution.

If there is any objection on the solution of human resource department,

then one will present the problem to the BEPZA industrial relations
department through the worker welfare committee.

If there is any objection on the judgment of BEPZA industrial relation,

then it will be presented to the BEPZA labor tribunal through the worker
welfare committee, and the judgment of BEPZA labor tribunal will
consider as the final solution.

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M
MARKETING
ARKETING D
DEPARTMENT
EPARTMENT

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Page 67 of 91

UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. is a basically a garment manufacturing company. It produces

mainly jeans pants & trousers. The contribution of garments sectors towards the total export
is a great percentage of this company. UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. attaches much importance
to its marketing tasks for which the Managing Director himself takes personal interest. The
marketing department is responsible for sales, distribution, market research and handling
marketing of individual products. The total manpower engaged in the marketing department
is only 20-40 persons.

TARGET MARKET
In UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd, there target market is especially for foreign market. They are
marketing their products to USA, European countries, Canada. They are the leader of the
market.

MARKET STRUCTURE
UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. is a production oriented manufacturing concern. The nature of
production is garments wear and it produces the consumer goods. UNIVERSAL JEANS is
100% export oriented and it produces for foreign market. The organizations close
competitors are India, Pakistan, China, and Hong Kong.

IMPLIMENTATION OF MARKETING
MIX
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The particular marketing tools under each P that is applied UNIVERSAL JEANS are Shown on a
diagram:

Variety
Quality
Design
Feature
Brand name
Packaging
Service

Advertising
Personal selling
Sales promotion
Direct marketing
Public relation

List price
Discount
Allowance
Payment period
Credit term
PRODUCT

PROMOTION

PRICE

Channel
Coverage
PLACE Assortment
Location
Inventory
Transportation
Logistic

PLACE

PLACE
Figure: Marketing Mix Component

Each and every marketing tool under four P has some variations. So
Universal Jeans also has variation in their marketing mix which is

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described as follows:

PRODUCT
Product is the first component of marketing mix. We define product as anything that can be
offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption and that might satisfy
a want or need. Product includes more than just tangible goods. To define more briefly It's a
good, service or idea consisting of a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes that
satisfy consumer and is received in exchange for money". In this part we describe the
particular tools that are related on Universal jeans Ltd.

PRODUCT VARIETY
Universal Jeans produce mostly jeans wear. It produces men's, women's, boys, and girl's
jeans product. At present universal Jeans achieve the honor of number one exporter of jeans
wear.

Universal Jeans produce the following types of

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product

Blue Denim Jeans

Contrast Trim Trousers 4.
Cargo Short
Denim Five Pocket jeans (mens)
Dark Blue Jeans
Denim Sandblast
Drawstring Trousers
Linen Drawstring Short
Cargo Drawstring Shorts
Three Quarter Length Trousers
Ladies Boot Cut Jeans 4. Classic
Jeans
Classic Stretch Jeans 4 Ladies
Overall
Denim Dress
Long Ladies Skirt 4. Dark
Denim Jean
Five pocket Denim Jeans (Boy's)
Gray Drawstring Trousers
Cargo Trousers
Boot Cut Lace Jeans
Cotton Nylon Drawstring Pants
Blue Sandblast Denim Skirt
Blue Zip Off Leg Trouser
Girls denim Trouser

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QUALITY
Quality is the totality of a feature and characteristics of a product or service that bear on
its ability to satisfy , an implied needs. Universal Jeans satisfy most of its buyer's needs
most of the time, so we can say that it's a quality company. Their mission is to produce
world class and high quality readymade garments. But it is important to distinguish between
conformance quality and performance quality.

DESIGN
It serves buyer over e-mail, attachment, disk, and hard copy. All are implemented
through own CADS section. As a result they can design their products according to
buyer's instructions very easily.

FEATURES
There are many features of their product. One of them is Universal Jeans produce the high
quality denim garments with different wash, different design which is not available in
other garments industry.

BRAND NAME
We know a brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them
tended to identify the goods or service of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them
from those of competitors ` . Universal Jeans Ltd. achieves the honor of best jeans wear
manufacturer in Bangladesh. And it represents the Bangladesh as a brand on whole
world. So, most of the foreign buyers choose the Universal Jeans Ltd. to produce their
garments product.

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Universal Jeans Ltd. deals with the world famous brand. These are given below:

GAP
LEE
C&A
LIN DEX
CHARLES VOGELE
H&
MASH
UNIQLO
TOM TAYLOR
OLD NAVY 4
LEE FUNG 4

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P ACKAGING
Universal Jeans ltd. performs their packaging works on the basis of buyer's demand.
Different buyer wants different types of packaging. For example, USA buyer packaging
depends on their own geographical needs.

SERVICE
Universal Jeans Ltd. provide the value added service or simply excellent buyer
service to differentiate themselves such as provide samples, maintain quality, ensure the
shipment with in time, provide technical know how to the buyer, sending representative
in already for negotiating with buyer's, make answer of buyers question. Performing in
various social and business programmers, participate in international trade fair etc.

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PRICE
Price is the second component of marketing mix. Price is define "the amount of money
charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumer exchanges for
the benefits of having or using the product or service.
There are many factors which influence a company price setting. It shown on a diagram:

Pricing
objective

Price of
other
product

Price
flexibility

Discount &
allowance

Demand
Price
Setting

Cost

Competition

Legal
environmen
t

Geographic
pricing term

Mark up chain
in channel

Figure: Key factor that influence Price setting

In setting price the following factors are considered:

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Production cost

Competitors offering

Special Situation

Variation in demand

Universal Jeans follows cost based pricing and value based pricing strategy for setting price for
their product. Universal Jeans Ltd. is a 100% export oriented company; its price is usually
high. Price is negotiating at buyer meeting between two parties, manufacturer and buyer. On
that meeting based on buyer sample, manufacturer quotes, to buyer with review different
sample and finally price is selected after negotiation between two parties. They discriminate
price on the basis of quality, cash payment on account, quality of order.

PLACE
The third P- place concerned with all the decision involved in getting the right product
to the target market place. A product is not much good to a customer if isn't available ,
and where is wanted. Universal Jeans Ltd. is a 100% export oriented company. So its
product is not available in Bangladesh and other subcontinent country. There maximum
buyer is European. So their product is available in European market.

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CHANNEL
A product reached customer through a channel of distribution. A channel of distribution is many
series of firm that participate in the flow of product from producer to final user or customer.
Intermediaries those can handle this responsibilities.
But Universal jeans Ltd., handle there overall process by themselves. There are no third
party deals in the distribution process.

Manufacturer

Foreign Buyer

Channel of distribution of Universal Jeans Ltd

COVERAGE
Universal Jeans Ltd. covers the wide geographic area like Europe,USA,Japan,Canada,etc. And
day by day it expands its business.

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LOCATION
Universal jeans Ltd. deals with the world famous brand. They expand their business most
of the country the world. They capture most of the European country. Lists of the country
name, where Universal jeans Ltd. operate their business are given below:

U.K

Germany Sweden
Netherlands
USA
Japan
Hong Kong
France
Norway
Denmark
Switzerland
Poland
Canada
Spain
Middle East

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INVENTORY
Universal Jeans Ltd. imports most of the raw material. Because buyer specified which
kind of raw material should be used in their product.

TRANSPORTATION
Universal jeans Ltd. export its product through the Sea or Air. Most of the time they export their
product by Sea. Because sea port is nearer from the EPZ, it contains on large volume of product
at a time. Frequently, the transportation cost would be minimized. But it depends on the buyer.
They should mention on their contract by which way they should receive the product. . The
company has an own transport department and have cargo carrier .The air transportation use only
for urgency met the customer demand.

PROMOTION
To communicate with buyer or consumer, a company can use one or more of five
promotional alternatives: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing and
public relation. UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd always tries to maintain the product quality. This is
their only promotional activity for attracting the foreign buyers. Because this company is
completely different from any other type of production oriented company in regard of buyer
attractiveness, buyer convince and getting order from buyer. As a result, in most of the times, the
company get the order from world reputed branded products It is an established company so
they don't need to advertise their product. But when they prepare a new design or
sample, they need to inform the buyers about this product. On this situation they
introduce it through sent the sample to the buyer of different countries or the company
director visit the buyer's country. Universal Jeans Ltd. deals with their buyer through
face to face, telephone, and interactive electronic communication. But most of the
time buyer physically visits the factory, and then they deal with them. So personal
selling is more effective for Universal Jeans Ltd., rather than other promotional
alternative.

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EXPORT & IMPORT

Universal Jeans main exporter countries are USA, UK, EU, Japan, Canada. The annual Export
volume of 7.68 mill dollar. Market demand supply are determined by buyers demand, they could
not export products from one EPZ to other EPZ within the country. They use water channel for
exporting their product maximum time. They give taxes for importing machinery which are not
include tax free privilege they also use their won C&F agent for export & import purpose. They
expect shipment, customs port facilities from government. Though the company gets facilities
from the govt. it faces some problems for smooth export such as:

Transportation

Timely accessories

Qualitative and timely raw materials

Complexity in customs clearance activities etc.

Though this is 100% export oriented industry, its import activities cannot be neglected because
all of the machines (sewing, cutting, drying etc.) are imported from Japan and Italy. Buyers
determine from where raw materials to be collected.
Support expected from the Government:

Solve the problem in port

Making the formality flexible in the custom.

Faster the port activity

Remove the labor unrest

They think if some specific measures are taken then a favorable export and import environment
can be expected.

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FFINANCE
INANCE D
DEPARTMENT
EPARTMENT

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT
The financial management is the custodian of the finance of the organization. The department
keeps all records of the payment and earnings, operating companys account with the bank,
arrange funds as per requirement and deals with income tax for the tax matter of the company.
This department is responsible for maintaining proper account of the companys property and
maintaining liaison with the owner for the financial matters regularly. Universal Jeans manage
the whole capital by itself. Its initial capital was 130 core taka but present capital is about 150
taka. It is not enlisted in share market. It is a profitable company. The sources of short term and
long term financing bath are managed by company, they are not taking any short term or long
term loan.

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The key elements of financial management of Universal Jeans Ltd. are discussed below:

CAPITAL AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The main source of capital is the directors investment in the company. The capital structure
normally follow paid up capital. At the time of starting this factory they have 130 core and now
its present capital is about 150 core. But in my practical findings, the company does not provide
any type of financial statement due to their business secrecy.

MARKET SHARE
Universal Jeans Ltd. does not enter share market. Therefore the company has no market share. It
is a private limited business entity.

SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM FINANCING

Most of the firm use short term financing to meet temporarily short falls, while permanent capital
(long term debt and equity) is used to meet long-term capital requirement. There are four basic
source of short term financing.
a. Account payable
b. Bank loan
c. Commercial paper
d. Accruals
Universal Jeans Ltd. provides short-term finance from companys own sources. Long term
finance provide by directors and banks. The company has no problems of internal financing.

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Universal Jeans follow business ethics. They perform social welfare employee welfare. Safe
water, fair employment, environment responsibilities, housing, transport Universal Jeans
enjoying tax holiday period. They provide internship facilities for the fresh graduate.

Creating Employment Opportunity.

Employing women worker in production procedure

Working environment for women

Educational Program for the child labor (through BGMEA & UNDP)

According to Company Law- not to employ child labor

Donation and rehabilitation program for the distressed people affected by nature
catastrophe like flood, storm, tornado etc.

Creating business opportunity for the linkage or support industry.

Training of the local people working in the factory through foreign experts

Besides they have Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) which is rarely found in our country. It
is installed to keep safe our environment from the industrial wastage. It is very costly
plant. But every organization must have it. How ETP works is given by the following
diagram:

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Page 85 of 91

S
O

A
A
SIS

W
T
N
LY
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The overall evaluation of a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats is

called SWOT analysis. It involves monitoring the external and internal marketing environment.
We show the SWOT analysis by the following diagram:

SWOT
Analysis

Internal
Analysis

Strengt
h

External
Analysis

Weakne
ss

Opportunit
y

Threat

The main objective of SWOT analysis is to find out the internal strength that is in which
areas the organization is forward than its own competition and in which area it has
lacking. At a time, the organization can understand about the opportunities that are
available in the market place for his organization and the threats ahead from its
competition.

Positive

Negative
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Internal Factors

External Factor

Weakness(w)

Strength(s)
Strong marketing team
Modern washing plant
Product innovation skill
Latest sewing technique
Well reputation in world market
strong financial condition; ample financial
resource
Own power station
Modernized production plant
Better product quality relative to rival
Efficient and experience management team
The strategic planning department exists
in the company, so new idea has been
initiated within the firm.
A widely recognize market leader and an
attractive buyer base

Opportunity(O)

Low production cost due to low paid

workforce.
Universal Jeans earned good reputation
among the buyer
Good marketing environment provided by
EPZ authority
It is situated besides the sea port. So it
might get facility to import and export
the garments product.
Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply
rising demand of jeans wear

Most of the raw materials are

imported from different
countries. Sometime it takes
long time. So production being
hampered.
Less skilled and unskilled worker.
Higher overall unit cost relative to
the key competitor

Threats(T)

Due to the world recession,

the monthly export decrease,
so the market growth being
slow down.
Availability of low price
substitute product
Entry of new competitor.
Increase market share of other
South Asian country like
India, China and Pakistan
Growing bargaining power of
buyer and supplier.

RECOMMENDATIONS
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Universal Jeans Ltd is one of the renowned apparel in this country. It has played a vital role for
the development of socio-economic condition of the country. Some recommendations are
provided to universal Jeans Ltd.:
.

Training of executives should be provided both in home and garment sector.

Foreign direct investment and joint venture should be encouraged.

The salary system should be well structured regarding the job responsibilities.

Re-structuring of labor salary for reducing frequent migration of labor.

Own supply of electricity should be maintained for the smooth production of RMG
industry.

Universal Jeans Ltd. should concentrate on making high value added items and exclusive
apparels.

Universal Jeans Ltd should attempt to obtain ISO certification for performing better in the
highly quality sensitive business arena.

The Company must have to appoint at least medium educated & Skill person.

The Company can develop the advertising promotion.

For meet the increasing international demand for this companys garments, Universal
Jeans Ltd must have to expand its production capacity.

CONCLUSION
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Universal Jeans Ltd is one of the most successful and recognized Garments manufacturing
company. It serves the company by way of earning foreign currency and also solves the
unemployment problem of our country. The organization has bright future. On proper guidance
and supervision of the management the company added with the active and untiring effort forms
more than the targeted production and profit and earns a lot of foreign currency in our country
and also plays a good role for economic development of our country.
At last, I can say that the management portion of all departments (Production, HRM, R & D) of
Universal Jeans Limited is performing its job efficiently. In fact, the all departments are most
important equally to increase the productivity by low cost and to maintain the well reputation.
Besides this, the G.M, A.G.M, and other Executives are very much industrious and serious in
performing their jobs.
The organization is maintaining a high quality environment in accordance with the Labor act of
Bangladesh. Workers get adequate wages and they get their wages timely. So the workers are
satisfied and there are no industrial disputes or labor unrest.
There is no doubt that Universal Jeans Ltd has created a better image in the international market
by is quality product and services. Using advanced technology, the firm should maintain the
growth trend through satisfying valued clients at all times.

REFERENCES
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 www.google search
www.pacificjeans.com.
Company profile of Universal Jeans Ltd.
Company Code of Conduct
Daily Absenteeism Report
Standard questionnaire.
Officials of Universal Jeans Ltd.
Personnel Management, -Decenzo Robbins
Kotler, Philip and Kevin L Keller, Principle of
Marketing (10th Edition), New Delhi: Asoke K
Ghosh, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.
Human Resource Management &Industrial Relations
Dr.Abdul Awal Khan , Dr.M.A.Taher

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