Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Composite
(SI Units)
Physical Quantity
Unit
Unit Symbol
meter
Mass
kilogram
kg
Time
second
Temperature
kelvin
Amount of substance
mole
Electric current
ampere
Luminous intensity
candela
Cd
Plane angle*
radian
rad
Solid angle*
steradian
s
K
mol
sr
SI Base Units
Length
The units which are derived from fundamental SI units are called
derived units.
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1
Unit
square meter
m2
Volume
cubic meter
m3
Density
Molar mass
Molar concentration
Prefix
Symbol
kg mol
mol m
Symbol
10
deci
10
centi
10
milli
mega
10
micro
kilo
10
10
peta
tera
109
giga
106
103
2
hecto
deca
da
10
10
nano
10
12
pico
10
15
femto
SF
Rule
0.101
0.0101
3.
101.0
101.00
101
(3 SF)
kg m
Prefix
1012
Submultiple
5 .05
(4 SF)
9.04
102
(3 SF)
(least SF)
15
12 .11
( 4 SF )
904.48985
SI Prefixes
Multiple
(a) 14 .79
Symbol
Area
in Just 40 Days
(b)
5.28
0.156 3.00
0.0428
57.73458 = 57.7
(3 SF)
3 SF
3 SF
1 SF
Compound
It is a pure substance which contains two or more than two
elements combined together in some fixed proportion by
weight and which can be decomposed into two or more
element by a suitable method.
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2
Atom
It is the smallest particle of an element that may or may not
exist independently. However, it is the smallest particle of
matter that takes part in a chemical reaction.
Molecule
It is the smallest particle of matter that has independent
existance. The number of atoms present in the homoatomic
molecule is called atomicity of the element.
(Given by Lavoisier)
=1 Aston
=1 Dalton
1 .66
10
24
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Molecular Weight
It is an additive property. It is calculated by adding atomic
weights of all atoms present in the molecule.
atomic weight
valency
molecular weight
basicity /acidity
valency
vapour density
r1
r2
M2
(where, r1
M1
1000
valency
Equivalent Weight
in Just 40 Days
1.008
vapour density
mass of metal
mass of hydrogen displaced
mass of metal
mass of oxygen combined
8.0
mass of metal
mass of chlorine combined
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4
35.5
Empirical Formula
W1
W2
E1
E2
Molecular Formula
% of each atomic
element mass
XY
wt. of compound AB
wt. of compound AY
AY
simplest
ratio
mol
Molecular formula
BX
where,
107
(empirical formula) n
molecular weight
empirical formula weight
2.688
10 19.
Chemical Stoichiometry
Mole Concept
(i) A mole is defined as the number equal to the number of
carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of pure carbon-12 i.e.,
6.023 1023 .
1023 atoms/molecules/ions
1 mole
6.023
1 mole
atomic/molecular wt. in g
Number of moles
mol ratio
%
=
atomic
mass
22.4 L at STP
number of particles
6.023 1023
2KCl + 3O2
Limiting Reagent
It is the reactant which is present in least quantity and is
consumed completely during the reaction. The amount of
product formed depends on the limiting reagent.
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5
in Just 40 Days
moles of solute
volume of solution in litre
M2V2
Normality equation
N 1V1
Molality (m)
N 2V2
dditional P o in ts
1.
1
NA
10
24
3. Law of definite proportions do not hold good for non-stoichiometric compounds e.g., Wusitite
Fe 0.95O.
4. Laws of definite proportions of multiple proportions and of reciprocal proportions do not hold good
when same compound is obtained by using different isotopes of the same element e.g., H2O and
D2O.
5. Both atomic mass and molecular mass are just ratio and hence have no unit.
6. One mole of electrons weights 0.55 mg.
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6
Warm up
Exercise
(Target NEET)
1.
35
17 Cl
and 37
17 Cl are two isotopes of chlorine. If average
atomic mass is 35.5 then ratio of these two isotopes is
(a) 35 : 37
(c) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 3
(d) 2 : 1
23
g, then its 32 g is
(c)
2.66 10
6.02 10 23
mol
(b) 20 mL
(d) 40 mL
(b) neutral
(d) None of these
(b) A3 B
(c) AB3
(a) 6
(b) 12
(a) 100 g
(c) 108 g
(c) 18
(d) 49
(b) 1008 g
(d) 1050 g
(b) 0.05 M
(d) 0.15 M
(c) 5 .88 10 23
(a) 1.032
(b) 40.6%
(d) 50%
(b) 40
(d) 20
(a) 7.8 g
(c) 2.8 g
(b) 20
(d) None of these
(a) 30.6%
(c) 20.6%
23
(a) 16
(c) 32
(a) 40
(c) 80
10 23 mol
32
(b)
mol
2.66 10 23 6.023 10 23
(a) 32 2.66
32
(d) AB
(b) 3.01 10 23
(d) 6.02
10 23
CaC 2 H 2O
CH) nH 2
CaO HC CH
( CH 2 CH 2
)n
(b) 7.75 kg
(d) 9.75 kg
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7
(b) 20 mL
(d) 4 mL
(b) 5.01 10 21 g
(d) 1.4 10 21 g
(b) 4
(d) 3
NaOH H 3PO 4
(b) 49
NaH 2PO 4
(c) 25
H 2O is
(d) 98
(b) 8.2786
(d) 6.2706
(b) C 3H 4N
(d) C 9H12N 3
(b) 0.995
(d) 9
(b) 4/5
(d) 1
(b) 16.65 mL
(d) 5.55 mL
(b) 92 L
(d) 1.8 L
(b) 1 : 4
(d) 7 : 32
in Just 40 Days
(a) 180 kg
(c) 540 kg
(b) 270 kg
(d) 90 kg
(b) 5 mL of H 2
(d) 5 mL of O 2
15 L of H 2 gas at STP
5 L of N 2 gas at STP
0.5 g of H 2 gas
10 g of O 2 gas
Directions
Codes
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 4 are correct
2. half that of 20 g H
4. twice that of 40 g N
A.
6gC
B.
56 g CO
C.
10.6 g Na 2CO 3
D.
100 g CaCO 3
Combustion
Excess O 2
Combustion
Excess HCl
Column II
1. 44.8 L CO 2
2. 22.4 L CO 2
3. 11.2 L CO 2
4. 2.24 L CO 2
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 4 2 3 1
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8
40. The weight of iron which will be converted into its oxide
(Fe 3O 4 ) by the action of 18 g of steam on it will be
(b) 5600 cm 3
(d) 11200 cm 3
(at. wt. of Fe
56)
[AIIMS 2011]
(a) 168 g
(c) 42 g
(b) 84 g
(d) 21 g
(b) 2.48 g
(d) 2.32 g
[AIIMS 2012]
(b) 28 g
(d) 20 g
(b) 45
(c) 60
(b) 2
(d) 4
(b) 79
(d) 74
(d) 30
(b) 61.5
(d) 20.5
Answers
1.
11.
21.
31.
41.
(c)
(b)
(d)
(b)
(b)
2.
12.
22.
32.
42.
(b)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)
3.
13.
23.
33.
43.
(d)
(a)
(d)
(d)
(c)
4.
14.
24.
34.
44.
(a)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(d)
5.
15.
25.
35.
45.
(a)
(a)
(d)
(c)
(b)
6.
16.
26.
36.
(c)
(d)
(d)
(a)
7.
17.
27.
37.
(d)
(a)
(d)
(b)
8.
18.
28.
38.
(a)
(d)
(a)
(a)
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9
9.
19.
29.
39.
(c)
(c)
(b)
(b)
10.
20.
30.
40.
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
a
x
35 x1
x1
355
.
x1
y2
37 y2
y2
2.66
10
g-atom of A
8.
23
Weight of Cl 2
10 23 g mol
6.02
23
6.02 10 23
that of oxygen
8g
32 8 40 g
8 100
Percentage of oxygen in oxide
20%
40
4.
CaCO 3 (s)
CaO(s)
1 mol = 56 g
0.05 mol = 2.8 g
1 mol = 100 g
0.05 mol = 5 g pure
5g impurity,
a
% of SO 3
5.0 g
7.8 g
5.
HCl + NaOH
Meq of Na
6.
73
V and N (HCl)
36.5
35.5
n
11.
Meq of HCl
0.46
73
1000
V
23
36.5
100
6.4
0.13
Let the metal chloride be MCl n .
49.23 n
Meq of NaOH
meq N
0.103
0.103
0.5
1
NaOH + H 2
2
NaCl + H 2O
Na + H 2O
6CaO
6(40
16)
(336)
+
4
3.9 4
49.23
12.3
4
P4O10
2Ca 3 (PO 4 )2
31 10
284
16
0.1 V
Meq of NaOH
milimoles of NaCl
milimoles of NO 3
0.2 V
0.1 V
Meq of HCl
Meq of H 2SO 4
Total meq of acid
1
5
100
1
10
20
50
20
100 10
10 30
50 30
20
1008 g
volume of mixture V V 2 V
0.1 V
[NO 3 ]
0.05
2V
49.23
190
10 mL
100 0.5
20.6%
a
80 / 2
1000
CO 2 (g )
22.4 L at STP
1.12 L at STP
Total residue
20
111 71 40 g
32
2.66 10
1 : 1, Hence, formula of
111 g
Weight of metal
atomic mass
Thus, number of moles in 32 g
71 g
Weight of chloride
23
3:1
75
75
25
g-atom of B
25
7.
3
1
x1 : y2
Mass of N0 atoms
y
y
2 12
100
2 12 6.02 10 23
100 14
1.032 10 22 atom
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10
11
H 2O
nCaC 2
2
HC
CH
Polymerisation
(C 3H 4N)2
12 = 64
(CH 2
(12
64 n kg CaC 2 gives
28 n kg polyethylene
28 n 20
20 kg CaC 2 gives
8.74 kg
64n
CH 2 )n
12
28 n
1)n
C 6H 8N 2
Whydroxide
21.
Emetal
0.995
E 8
22. 2MnO 4
10 0.1 V
V
OH
1.520
E 17
Woxide
E metal E O
5 SO 23
6H
12 60
1 122
842
6.023 10 23
21
23.
wt.
Normality
0.45 20 0.5
E
1000
40 g
1 g eq
45
90
45
dRT
p
2 vd
28.98
14.49
2
vd
Element
Ratio
(by weight)
Atomic
weight
12
3.5
14
Empirical formula
Molecular weight
26.
2 Al 2O 3 + 3C
3
Mol Ratio
Simplest
Mol Ratio
9
0.75
12
1
1.00
1
3.5
0.25
14
0.75
0.25
1.00
0.25
0.25
0.25
3
4
27.
3 12
108
Molecular weight
Empirical formula weight
4 1
14 54
2H 2 + O 2
2 mol
4Al + 3CO 2
12
36
27
108
Q 108 kg of Al required C 36 kg
36 270
270 kg of Al required C
108
2 vol
30 mL
C 3H 4N
10
moles are present in
180
28.98g mol
0.2 1000
0.2 1000
36
5.55 mL
NaH 2PO 4 + H 2O
Q Molecular mass
108
54
36 N
N2V2
98 g
1 g eq
Molecular mass
Q n
N1V1
36 V
20.
density
eq. wt.
98 1.8 10
49
3H 2O
2
moles of MnO 4
5
10
842
1.4 10
Basicity
5SO 24
40 mL
E
molecular wt.
eqivalent wt.
2 Mn 2
90 kg
2H 2O
2 mol
1 mol
1 vol
2 vol
15 mL
30 mL
15
4.033 10 23
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11
12
23
(D)
40
CaCO 3
CaO + CO 2
12 3 16
100 g
22.4 L
1.344 10 23
31.
in Just 40 Days
2O 3
0.5
3O 2
2 mol O 3
3 mol O 2
3
M
6
EO 3
1.505 10 23
(d) In 10 g of O 2 gas, the number of molecules
6.023 10 23
32
1.882
10
48
6
23
mass
atomic mass
N0
(where n
2 number of atoms in 70 g N
1
number of atoms in 20 g H.
2
12 g
molarity
276 g
4Ag
4
+ 2CO 2 + O 2
108 g
Excess O 2
CO 2
Combustion
1 g of Ag 2CO 3 gives
22.4 L
22.4 L CO 2
2(12
16)
Excess O 2
37.
2CO 2
Combustion
2
Na 2CO 3
23 12
=160 g
16
2NaCl
4 108 2.76
2 276
16 1
56 g
+ CO 2
22.4 dm 3
KOH
39
22.4 L
44.8L
Excess HCl
108 g Ag
2.16 g Ag
11.2 L CO 2
2CO
4 108
g Ag
2 276
22.4 6
6 g carbon on combustion will give
CO 2
12
(B)
33. A solution which contains one gram mole of solute per litre of
560
(i) Number of atoms in 560 g Fe
N0 10 N0
56
70
(ii) Number of atoms in 70 g N
N0 5N0
14
20
(iii) Number of atoms in 20 g H
N0 20 N0
1
72
(iv) Number of atoms in 72 g C
N0 6N0
12
42
(v) Number of atoms in 42 g N
N0 3N0
14
30. (A) C
2 eq O 2
KHCO 3
56 g
56 11.2
22.4
28 g
H 2O + CO 2
22.4 L
22.4 L CO 2
22.4 10.6
10.6 g sodium carbonate will give
106
2.24 L CO 2
2 35.5
2
190
2
95
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12
13
3Fe
3
+ 4H 2O
56 g
168 g
2.8
1.2
Fe 3O 4 + 4H 2
18 g
72 g
Valency of metal
168 18
72
10 23
0.1 6.02
56
18.67
42 g
atomicity
C 2H 5MgI
C 2H 6 + RMgI
11.2 cc
6.023 10 23
0.037 g
22400
74 g
H 3PO 2
PH 3 + H 3PO 3
31
82
82
Equivalent weight
1~( 3) 1~ 3
OH
0.037
44. R
1.806 10 23 atoms
6.023 10
22400
8 18.67
82
4
82
2
61.5
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48
82