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Republic of the Philippines

Supreme Court
Manila

SECOND DIVISION
SALLY V. BELLOSILLO,
Petitioner,

G.R. No. 126980


Present:
PUNO, J., Chairperson,
SANDOVAL-GUTIERREZ,
CORONA,
AZCUNA, and
GARCIA, JJ.

- versus -

THE
BOARD
OF
GOVERNORS
OF
THE
INTEGRATED
BAR
OF
THEPHILIPPINES and
ANICETO G. SALUDO, JR.,
Respondents.

Promulgated:
March 31, 2006

x--------------------------------------------------------------------x

RESOLUTION
GARCIA, J.:
Under consideration is this petition for certiorari assailing the
Resolution,[1] dated March 30, 1996, of the respondent Board of
Governors of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP Board of

Governors),

adopting

Recommendation[2] of

and
the

approving

Investigating

the

Report

Commissioner

and
in

complaint for disbarment filed by the herein petitioner Sally V.


Bellosillo against respondent Atty. Aniceto G. Saludo, Jr. in
Administrative (Adm.) Case No. 3297. The assailed Resolution
reads:
RESOLVED to ADOPT and APPROVE, as it is hereby ADOPTED and
APPROVED, the Report and Recommendation of the Investigating
Commissioner in the above-entitled case, hereinmade part of this
Resolution/Decision as Annex A; and, finding the recommendation therein to be
fully supported by the evidence on record and the applicable laws and rules, the
complaint against Respondent is hereby DISMISSED.

The records of the case disclose the following:

On January 31, 1989, the petitioner filed a complaint [3] for


disbarment against the respondent for alleged gross professional
misconduct and malpractice. Essentially, petitioner charged
respondent of pocketing the settlement money in the Philippine
Plaza bombing incident; improper financial dealings through
borrowings of cash and post-dated checks; and unwarranted
solicitations in the form of gifts, pianos, lechon, and wallpapering
of respondents house.
In his Answer,[4] dated May 31, 1989, with a number of documents
attached

thereto,

respondent

denied

all

the

charges

and

dismissed them as deliberate falsehoods. He asserted that it was


he, not the petitioner, who was the lender of money.

On August 4, 1989, the petitioner filed a Reply.[5]


In answer to said Reply, respondent filed a motion to dismiss [6] the
charges

for

failure

to

show

a prima

facie case

against

him. Respondent argued that despite the challenge to produce


receipts and documents, the petitioner could not produce any
document or evidence that he settled the claims of the Philippine
Plaza bombing victims and misappropriated the proceeds thereof
for his benefit; that with respect to the post-dated checks, the
petitioner has changed her theory by alleging that it was she who
was lending money to the respondent and the checks issued to
her by the respondent were payments of said borrowings; and
assuming arguendo the change in theory to be true, the parties
transactions were ordinary business transactions where conflicts
do not provide grounds for disbarment.

Respondents motion to dismiss as well as his subsequent motion


for reconsideration were denied by the Hearing Commissioner.

From

such

denial,

respondent

then

filed

petition

for

review[7] with the IBP Board of Governors. The petition, however,

was likewise denied by the latter which even ordered the


investigation to proceed with deliberate speed.

Respondent then went to this Court by way


for certiorari and prohibition with prayer

of
for

petition
preliminary

injunction, challenging the above-mentioned orders of the IBP


Board of Governors, and insisting that the pleadings of the parties
on record, affidavits and admissions would clearly show lack
of prima faciecase against him, so that the case should be
dismissed outright.

On October 13, 1992, the Court issued a Resolution [8] dismissing


respondents petition, but directing the IBP Board of Governors, as
follows:
The IBP Board is directed to look into whether or not, on the basis of all the
records before it, there is a prima facie case, or, as claimed by the [respondent],
circumstances warrant the outright dismissal of the case. If the interests of justice
require it, reception of evidence may then proceed giving due process to both
parties involved.[9] (Word in bracket supplied).

On March 30, 1996, the IBP Board of Governors issued the


herein assailed Resolution[10] which adopted and approved the 31page

Report

and

Recommendation[11] of

the

Investigating

Commissioner, dated November 22, 1995, pertinent portions of


which read:

In sum, it appears that complainants actuations were motivated by


vengeance, hatred and ill-will acting as she did only after the aforesaid civil cases
were filed against her, for which she blamed the respondent.
Complainant has already made a history of issuing bouncing checks. In the
case of Philippine National Bank vs. Sally Bellosillo, CA. G.R. No. 67070-12,
involving bouncing checks issued by the complainant, the Court of Appeals found
that
Sally V. Bellosillo was deliberately lying. And a person
who is shown to be committing a deliberate falsehood to the court
should not be believed.
xxx xxx xxx
xxx The fact that the appellants Bellosillo and Villamora, Sr. issued
checks and had caused them to be encashed and the proceeds
thereof to be received by the last endorsees, knowing fully well
that they have no sufficient cash deposit, or that they did not intend
to, or did not deposit funds sufficient to back up the checks they
issued, is substantial basis for their liability to answer for their
fraudulent schemes and actions. It is an insult to human decency
for these appellants to now unashamedly claim that the successful
encashment of the checks was at the risk of their co-defendants
Ortiz and that they are not liable for cheating the bank. It is just
saying that it is the cheated person who is to blame for allowing
himself to be cheated and that the cheater is free from blame. In
other words, the said appellants seem to justify their cheating by
implying that there would be no cheater if no person allows
himself to be cheated, and that the cheater should be rewarded with
an impunity of his act. (Exh. 2 of Answer.)
Finally, we are not unmindful of the other imputations leveled against respondent
which are mere fangless embellishments to the more demeaning charges already
discussed. Thus, the charge for supposed unwarranted solicitations in the form of
gift certificates, lechon and expensive attach cases, is negated by complainants
admission that she gave those gifts in appreciation of respondents concerns for
their interest (pp. 5-6 of Complaint). The related charge that respondent requested
for, and got, two pianos in 1985 is completely belied by the checks evidencing
payment thereof which are dated 1980, 1981 and 1982 (Annexes A-3, A-4 and A5 of Complaint).
We find no prima facie case against respondent. For this reason, further
investigation is not warranted. (Lacsamana vs. De la Pena, 57 SCRA 22, 23
(1974); also, Requio vs. Dy-Liaco, 75 SCRA 118 (1977). For to subject
respondent to further investigation, even in the absence of a prima facie case, will

be to unnecessarily prolong his agony, unfairly expose his name and reputation as
a lawyer to erroneous conclusions and unfavorable innuendos, the charges that he
was unfaithful, even as they were unfounded, being unfortunately not without
their adverse effects (Aragon vs. Matol, 30 SCRA 1 (1969). For as the Supreme
Court ruled:
There is this additional point to consider. As Cardozo aptly
observed: ~Reputation (in the legal profession) is a plant of tender
growth, and its bloom, once lost, is not easily restored. This Court,
certainly is not averse to having such risk minimized. Where, as in
this case, the good name of counsel was traduced by an accusation
made in reckless disregard of the truth, an action prompted by
based ingratitude, the severest censure is called for.
Certainly, this is not easy to say that if a case were presented
showing nonfeasance or malfeasance on the part of a lawyer,
appropriate disciplinary action would not be taken.This is not such
a case however. Respondent, as has been so clearly shown, was in
no wise culpable; there is no occasion for the corrective power of
this Court coming into play. (Albano v. Coloma, 21 SCRA 411,
420 [1967]).
WHEREFORE, finding no prima facie case to justify a full dress hearing, it is
hereby recommended that the present administrative case be dismissed.

In its Resolution[12] of January 15, 1997, the Court noted the herein
assailed Resolution dated March 30, 1996 of the IBP Board of
Governors.
On December 3, 1996, the petitioner went to this Court by
way of this petition for certiorari challenging the March 30, 1996
Resolution of the IBP Board of Governors. Petitioner imputes grave
abuse of discretion on the part of IBP Board of Governors for
allegedly

not

ruling

on

her

several

charges

against

the

respondent. Petitioner demands that a full-dress investigation and


hearing be conducted because the challenged Resolution of the
IBP Board of Governors is biased for the reason alone that the

Investigating

Commissioner

and

the

respondent

are

both

members of the U.P. Sigma Rho Fraternity.


On July 14, 1997, the Court issued a Resolution [13] treating the
present petition as one filed under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court,
and requiring the respondent to file his Comment thereon.
After the respondent has filed his Comment, petitioner filed her
Reply thereto on November 14, 1997.
The petition must be denied.
Petitioner considers the assailed Resolution of the IBP Board
of Governors as generally a biased judgment due to her
perception that because the Investigating Commissioner, Atty.
Plaridel C. Jose, and the respondent are both members of the U.P.
Sigma Rho Fraternity, the former must, as a matter of course,
favor the latter. In its April 6, 1989 Resolution,[14] the Court has
earlier

rejected

this

erroneous

perception

when,

resolving

petitioners letter for this Court to direct any member of the U.P.
Sigma Rho Fraternity to desist from participating in the IBP
proceedings on the case against respondent, the Court stated:
Membership in a college fraternity, by itself, does not constitute a ground to
disqualify an investigator, prosecutor or judge from acting on the case of a
respondent who happens to be a member of the same fraternity. A trial Judge,
appellate Justice, or member of this Court who is or was a member of a college
fraternity, a university alumni association, a socio-civic association like Jaycees or
Rotary, a religion oriented organization like Knights of Columbus or Methodist
Men, and various other fraternal organizations is not expected to automatically

inhibit himself or herself from acting whenever a case involving a member of his
or her group happens to come before him or her for action.
A member in good standing of any reputable organization is expected all the more
to maintain the highest standards of probity, integrity, and honor and to faithfully
comply with the ethics of the legal profession.

Petitioner next imputes grave abuse of discretion against the IBP


Board of Governors for not ruling on her several charges, thereby
invoking her theory that her present petition could be treated
both as a petition for review under Rule 45 and a petition for
certiorari under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court. But these remedies
are mutually exclusive and not alternative or successive; when
the first is available, the second cannot be resorted to.
[15]

Moreover, we have already stated in our Resolution [16] of

October 13, 1992 that only issues originally pleaded in the


complaint, there having been no amendment to it, are the issues
to be tried.Accordingly, the alleged other misdeeds of the
respondent, namely: attempting to bribe a deportation hearing
officer in respect to the Philippine Plaza bombing incident;
pocketing of the grease money intended for the above attempted
bribery; having abetted the perpetuation of fraud in the case for
dissolution of petitioners conjugal partnership; and receiving
privilege from a party whose interest is adverse to that of the
petitioner, need not be inquired into nor may this Court reexamine and re-evaluate whatever evidence, if any, has been
presented by the petitioner before the IBP Board of Governors.

We now proceed to address petitioners contentions that the


finding of no prima facie case against the respondent is contrary
to the facts and circumstances disclosed by the records.

Generally, a prima facie case consists of that amount of evidence


which

would

be

sufficient

to

counterbalance

the

general

presumption of innocence and warrant a conviction, if not


countered and contradicted by evidence tending to contradict it
and render it improbable, or to prove other facts inconsistent with
it.[17] It is in this context that, in its Resolution of October 13, 1992,
the Court directed the IBP Board of Governors to look into whether
or not, on the basis of all the records before it, there is prima
facie case to warrant reception of evidence or if circumstances
warrant the outright dismissal of the administrative complaint
against the respondent. The challenged Resolution of the IBP
Board of Governors shows faithful compliance with this Courts
directive.

Contrary to petitioners allegations that the finding of lack of


a prima facie case insofar as the charge of massive borrowing of
post-dated checks by the respondent is derived solely from
speculations and averments unsubstantiated by documentary
proof, and also contrary to the nature of the checks submitted by

the petitioner, there are telling circumstances found by the


Investigating Commissioner which fully and correctly support the
contested findings of the IBP Board of Governors. To quote a few
of such circumstances:
Complainant claims that when she discovered in late 1986 that Atty. Saludo had
not been funding all the checks since 1984, she issued stop-payment orders and/or
reduced account balances. In other words, it took her two (2) years to discover
that he was not funding the checks. We find this unbelievable considering that
complainant being, as she claims, a business woman. Moreover, by such
assertion, she implies that prior to 1984, Atty. Saludo was funding his checks. xxx
Complainant likewise contradicted her foregoing allegations in her
verified Reply, in which she made a comparison of the checks which she issued to
respondent and vice-versa and she came up with the following comparative
analysis:
COMPLAINANT
Number
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
Total

8
48
175
227
21
8

Value
P 15,206.00
631,860.50
2,532,277.00
10,732,495.00
1,846,000.00
310,500.00
P16,068,338.50

RESPONDENT
Number
10
6
18
24
31
1

Value
P 1,155,000.00
760,000.00
795,000.00
1,453,000.00
3,761,500.00
9,850,000.00
230,000.00
P 18,004,500.00

The foregoing data, however, shows that complainant owes


respondent the sum of P1,936,161.50. It appears contrary to
complainants allegations that it was Atty. Saludo who was
borrowing checks from me and pretending to repay my capital plus
interest. Following complainants theory that she was the one
lending respondents money from 1981 to 1985, it is unbelievable
that she still continue to lend him money after 1981 if he stopped
being proper in his financial dealings with her in 1981.

xxx xxx xxx


More significantly, the records show that complainant received
checks in huge amounts from respondent and, in turn, complainant
gave respondent several checks in small, identical amounts with
consecutive check numbers and in intervals of fixed periods which
are features of installment payments. It shows that it was
respondent who was lending money to complainant in her money
market operations and the checks she issued were installment
payments of her borrowings xxx.[18]
The fact that complainant was the one borrowing from respondent
and not the other way around is also shown by the fact that she
issued replacement checks for her dishonored checks. xxx
If said replacement checks were issued to replace dishonored
checks, she would not have been issuing them, placing the word
replacement on the face thereof, which she claims as
mere accommodation.[19]

The transactions involving post-dated checks could not then, as


advanced by the petitioner, constitute a prima facie case for
grave professional misconduct by the respondent. Even from the
viewpoint of petitioners submission that she was the lender of
post-dated checks and respondent was the borrower, still it is
clearly evident that such arose from the parties personal dealings
and relationship, and not from an attorney-client relationship.
These alleged transactions involved a purely personal interest, a
civil transaction.

In Uy vs. Gonzales,[20] we held that a proceeding for suspension or


disbarment is not in any sense a civil action; it involves no private
interest and affords no redress for private grievance. They are
undertaken and prosecuted solely for public welfare. Nonetheless,
a lawyer may be disbarred or suspended for any misconduct,
whether in his professional or private capacity, which shows him
to be wanting in moral character, honesty, probity and good
demeanor or unworthy to continue as an officer of the court. In
the present case, the petitioner failed to prove any of the
circumstances enumerated above, by the subject post-dated
checks transactions, and by the other charges against the
respondent as hereunder noted.

The IBP Board of Governors dismissed the charge that the


respondent pocketed the settlement money due to Nonoy Zuiga
and Sammy Villarin from the Philippine Plaza for their injuries in
the bombing incident in 1980, on its findings that the petitioners
complaint stating that we later learned that Atty. Saludo got all
the money that the victims and we were entitled to is plainly
hearsay; that the joint affidavit of Messrs. Zuiga and Villarin never
imputed

the

alleged

appropriation

of

the

money

by

the

respondent; and that the unexplained delay of nine years before


the complaint for disbarment was filed casts suspicion on the
motive of the petitioner.

Moreover, it appears that despite the order of the Investigating


Commissioner requiring petitioner to submit receipts from the
Philippine Plaza for payments to the victims received by Atty.
Saludo, she failed to comply therewith. Such assessments indeed
justify the outright dismissal of that imputation.

On the alleged cash borrowings of the respondent from the


petitioner, we see no reason to depart from the findings of the IBP
Board of Governors that the charge was incredulous and contrary
to normal human behavior. As pointed out by the Investigating
Commissioner in his Report and Recommendation:

The complaint also states that these borrowings accumulated over a period of
years from 1981 and that 1981 marked the start of the period when he stopped
being very proper in his dealings with us concerning money matters. (Complaint,
p. 4). If it were so, we find difficult to understand why she continued, as she
claims, lending him cash and checks in 1982, 1983, 1984 and 1985.She further
claims in one breath that [respondents] cash borrowings amounted to not less
than P50,000 each time, and because of her trust on him, she did not ask him to
issue receipts. Yet in another breath, she claims to have check receipts evidencing
alleged gifts of lechon to [respondent] with value less than a thousand pesos
(Annex A-1, Complaint). Why she did not ask for receipts of [respondents] cash
borrowing amounting, as she claims, from P50,000.00 and to as high
as P500,000.00 cash is something we could not comprehend.
The incredible aspect of the charge is further shown by her assertion that at one
instance, respondent borrowed cash from her in the amount of half a million
pesos, and that her maid or yayadelivered to him said cash of P500,000.00. We
find it contrary to normal behavior for the complainant to entrust to her yaya that
amount of cash for delivery to the respondent.[21] (Words in brackets supplied).

Finally, we agree with the IBP Board of Governors

that

the charge relative to the supposed unwarranted solicitations in t


he form of gift certificates, lechon and

expensive

cases, is negated by the petitioners own admission

attach
that

she

gave those gifts in appreciation of respondents concerns for her a


nd her familysinterests. The related charge

that

the respondent requested for, and got, two pianos in 1985

is

completely belied by the checks dated 1980, 1981 and 1982,


evidencing respondents payment therefor.[22] Besides,
these were plainly personal dealings, not professional misconduct.

The Court

reiterates

that

the

exercised with great caution, and

power
only

to
in

disbar
a

clear

must

be

case

of

misconduct that seriously affects the standing and character of a


lawyer as an officer of the court and as a member of the Bar. To
be the basis of disciplinary action, the lawyers conduct must not
only be immoral but grossly immoral. That is, it must be so
corrupt as to constitute a criminal act or as unprincipled as to be
reprehensible to a high degree or committed under such
scandalous or revolting circumstances as to shock the common
sense of decency.[23] For the Court to exercise its disciplinary
powers, the case against the respondent must be established by
clear, convincing and satisfactory proof. Indeed, considering the
serious consequences of disbarment or suspension of a member

of

the

Bar, the

Court

has

consistently

held

that

clear

preponderant evidence is necessary to justify the imposition of


the administrative penalty.[24]

In Estrella Real Estate Corporation


[25]

vs.

Court

of

Appeals,

the Court declared that in the absence of any showing that the

findings of the IBP are totally devoid of support in the record or


that they are so glaringly erroneous as to constitute serious abuse
of discretion, such findings must stand. Consequently, absent any
showing that there is grave abuse of discretion in dismissing the
complaint, the Court must give credence to the findings and
recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner and the IBP
Board of Governors that the complaint must be dismissed for lack
of merit.

Given the foregoing, the Court finds petitioners demand for


a full-dress hearing to be without basis. It is only when
complaint bears

merit, or when theanswer fails to

the
show

that

the complaint indeed lacks merit, or when the respondent fails to


file an answer that an investigation shall proceed. Otherwise, if
thecomplaint is bereft of merit, either on its face or as proven by
respondents answer, it will be unjust to mandate the Investigator
to conduct a full-dress investigation. [26] Here, the petitioner has

not even carried well enough the burden of establishing a prima


facie case against the respondent.

WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED and the assailed Resolution


of the IBP Board of Governors, dated March 30, 1996, dismissing
the complaint against respondent in Adm. Case No. 3297
is AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

CANCIO C. GARCIA
Associate Justice

WE CONCUR:

REYNATO S. PUNO
Associate Justice
Chairperson
ANGELINA SANDOVALGUTIERREZ
Associate Justice

RENATO C. CORONA
Associate Justice

ADOLFO S. AZCUNA
Associate Justice

ATTESTATION
I attest that the conclusions in the above resolution were reached
in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the
opinion of the Courts Division.
REYNATO S. PUNO
Associate Justice
Chairperson, Second Division

CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to Article VIII, Section 13 of the Constitution, and the
Division Chairperson's Attestation, it is hereby certified that the
conclusions in the above resolution were reached in consultation

before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the
Court.
ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN
Chief Justice

[1]

Rollo, p. 50.
Id. at 51-82.
[3]
Record, Volume 1, pp. 1-23.
[4]
Record, Volume II-B, pp. 381-428.
[5]
Record, Volume II-B, pp. 513-564.
[6]
Record, Volume II-B, pp. 573-589.
[7]
Record, Volume II-B, pp. 718-728.
[8]
Record, Volume II-B, pp. 769-771.
[9]
Record, Volume II-B, p. 769.
[10]
Rollo, pp. 80-82.
[11]
Id. at 51-82.
[12]
Record, Volume I, p. 245.
[13]
Rollo, p. 129.
[14]
Record, Volume II, pp. 2-3.
[15]
Banco Filipino and Mortgage and Savings Bank vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 132703, June 23, 2000, 334
SCRA 305.
[16]
Record, Volume II-B, pp. 769-771.
[17]
Bautista vs. Sarmiento, G.R. No. L-45137, September 23, 1985, 138 SCRA 592.
[18]
Rollo, pp. 66-68.
[19]
Id. at 75-76.
[20]
Adm. Case No. 5280, March 30, 2004, 426 SCRA 422, 430.
[21]
Rollo, pp. 63-64.
[22]
Petitioners Complaint, Record, Volume I, pp. 5-6.
[23]
Dante vs. Dante, A.C. No. 6486, September 22, 2004, 438 SCRA 582.
[24]
Lilia Tabang and Concepcion Tabang vs. Atty. Glenn C. Gacott, Adm. Case No. 6490, September 29, 2004, 439
SCRA 307.
[25]
Estrella Real Estate Corp. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128862, September 30, 1999, 315 SCRA 650.
[26]
Nicanor B. Gatmaytan, Jr. vs. Atty. Isidro C. Ilao, A.C No. 6086, January 26, 2005, 449 SCRA 269.
[2]

SECOND DIVISION

[A.C. No. 5225. April 29, 2003]

SPOUSES
WILFREDO
BOYBOY
and
BOYBOY, petitioners, vs.ATTY.
VICTORIANO
YABUT, JR., respondent.

LYDIA
R.

DECISION
Ei incumbit probotio qui dicit, non qui negat.
He who asserts, not he who denies,
must prove.
BELLOSILLO, J.:

This administrative case against Atty. Victoriano Yabut, Jr., stemmed from a
complaint filed by spouses Wilfredo Boyboy and Lydia Boyboy accusing him of
blackmail and extortion, and seeking his disbarment from the practice of law.
Complainant-spouses alleged that sometime in November 1999 respondent called
complainant Dr. Lydia Boyboy at her clinic in Angeles City threatening to charge her with
estafa before the NBI and cause the revocation of her physicians license unless
complainant paid him P300,000.00 informing her at the same time that he was in
possession of incriminatory evidence against her; on 7 December 1999 respondent
went to the clinic of Dr. Boyboy and personally served on her a subpoena from the NBI
requiring complainants to appear in the investigation of the case for estafa through
falsification of public documents which respondent filed against the complainants; the
following day, complainant Wilfredo Boyboy visited respondent at his law office to
discuss the case; respondent intimidated to Wilfredo Boyboy that he had already
persuaded Atty. Cris Balancio, NBI Director for Region III, to dismiss the case for a
consideration ofP400,000.00.
Complainants further averred that, appalled by the increased demand, they
arranged a meeting with the NBI Director to inquire about the demand for P400,000.00,
and Atty. Balancio denied having made such a demand and reacted adversely to the
name-dropping of respondent; that Atty. Balancio recommended an entrapment
operation against respondent but, for lack of funds, the planned entrapment did not
push through.Instead, complainants only filed a criminal complaint under Art. 282, The
Revised Penal Code, against respondent in connection with the blackmail and
extortion incident.
[1]

Respondent denied the charge as unfounded, baseless and groundless, contending


in his Answer that the disbarment case was deliberately resorted to by complainants to
harass and make even with him as he filed criminal cases against the complaining
spouses, and an administrative case against Dr. Lydia Boyboy. He narrated that he
came to know complainants only when a certain Ms. Arlene Sto. Tomas sought his
professional services. Ms. Sto. Tomas was a member of CHAMPUS, the entity handling
the Medicare benefits of U.S. veterans and their families. He said that Ms. Sto. Tomas
discovered that complainants, among other members of a syndicate, received

US$90,000.00 from CHAMPUS after filing fictitious medical claims in the name of Ms.
Sto. Tomas and her family.
According to respondent, he agreed to handle the case of Ms. Sto. Tomas and filed
the corresponding criminal cases for estafa through falsification of public documents
and perjury, and an administrative case for the revocation of Dr. Boyboys license. In
fact, complainants tried to persuade Ms. Sto. Tomas to withdraw the cases against them
but in vain. As Ms. Sto. Tomas showed no sign of softening her stance against
complainants, the latter started filing cases against her to force her to withdraw the
cases she had filed, and against respondent to force him to withdraw as counsel for Ms.
Sto. Tomas.
The Court referred this case to the IBP for its Committee on Bar Discipline to
investigate which thereafter submitted its Report and Recommendation, which was
adopted by the IBP, for respondents suspension from the practice of law for three (3)
months.
After thoroughly going over the records, we feel very uncomfortable with the
recommendation of the Committee on Bar Discipline of the Integrated Bar of the
Philippines (CBD-IBP). The CBD-IBP may have arrived at its conclusion on the basis
alone of affidavits and pleadings without any testimonial evidence, contrary to
established procedure, despite the fact that the charges of blackmail and extortion are
factual matters which must be established and proved with sufficient competent
evidence.
We must emphasize that a mere charge or allegation of wrongdoing does not
suffice.Accusation is not synonymous with guilt. There must always be sufficient
evidence to support the charge. This brings to the fore the application of the age-old but
familiar rule that he who alleges must prove his allegations. In the case before us, it is
enough for respondent to deny complicity in the alleged blackmail or extortion, without
more, for he is not under obligation to prove his negative averment, much less to
disprove what has not been proved by complainants. Thus, we have consistently held
that if the complainant/plaintiff, upon whom rests the burden of proving his cause of
action, fails to show in a satisfactory manner the facts upon which he bases his claim,
the respondent/defendant is under no obligation to prove his exception or defense.
The records are barren of any evidence that would prove respondents
culpability. Other
than
complainants naked
assertion that
respondent
demandedP300,000.00 from them which was later allegedly increased to P400,000.00,
in exchange for the dropping of the charges against them for estafa, no other proof was
presented to back up the accusation. Precisely, the absence of any evidence of
blackmail and extortion prompted the CBD-IBP to resolve the case against
respondent solely on the self-serving declarations of the parties set forth in their
pleadings. Thus the Report and Recommendation states -

After a painstaking scrutiny and careful evaluation of the statements and counterstatementsmade by the parties in their respective pleadings, the undersigned finds

that complainants were able to sufficiently establish their charge by a


clear preponderance of evidence (underscoring supplied).
The records lay bare the following documents of complainants: (a) Annex A of
theComplaint, which is the cellular phone number of Atty. Cris Balancio, NBI Director,
Region III; (b) Annex B of the Complaint, Complaint-Affidavit of Dr. Lydia
Boyboy; (c) Annex C of the Complaint, Salaysay of Wilfredo Boyboy; (d) Annex D of
the Complaint, a newspaper clipping stating that complainant Dr. Lydia Boyboy was
charged with estafa thru falsification of public documents; (e) Annex E of the Complaint,
letter of the Chief Attorney of the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC) requiring
Dr. Boyboy to submit a counter-affidavit in connection with a complaint filed against her
for unprofessional and/or dishonest conduct; (f) Annex A of the Reply,
complainants Motion to Dismiss the charge for perjury filed with the City Prosecutor of
Manila; (g) Annexes A-1 and A-2 of the Reply,Counter-Affidavits of spouses Wilfredo
and Lydia Boyboy; (h) Annex A-3 of the Reply,Subpoena to Wilfredo Boyboy issued by
the City Prosecutor of Manila in connection with a perjury case; and, (i) Annexes B - B4, inclusive, of the Reply, Complaint-Affidavit andReply-Affidavit of Wilfredo Boyboy.
It is all too obvious from the foregoing that there is a dearth of evidence which would
in any way prove the commission of blackmail and extortion, much less incriminate
respondent for those offenses. Even the baseless postulations in the affidavits would
certainly not carry the day for complainants in view of their lack of evidentiary value. It is
not difficult to manufacture charges in the affidavits, hence it is imperative that their
truthfulness and veracity be tested in the crucible of thorough examination. The
hornbook doctrine is that unless the affiants themselves take the witness stand to affirm
the averments in their affidavits, those affidavits must be excluded from the proceedings
for being inadmissible and hearsay, as in this case.
[2]

The standard of substantial evidence required in administrative proceedings is more


than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might
accept as adequate to support a conclusion. While rules of evidence prevailing in courts
of law and equity shall not be controlling, the obvious purpose being to free
administrative boards from the compulsion of technical rules so that the mere admission
of matter which would be deemed incompetent in judicial proceedings would not
invalidate the administrative order, this assurance of a desirable flexibility in
administrative procedure does not go so far as to justify orders without basis in
evidence having rational probative force.
[3]

[4]

Lamentably, the evidence against respondent does not meet the mandated
standard.At best, complainants would indulge in presumptions which, unfortunately,
cannot be a valid basis to slap respondent with administrative sanctions.
It is relevant to note at this point that on 16 October 2000 the Assistant City
Prosecutor of Angeles City dismissed for lack of probable cause the criminal case
against respondent Atty. Victoriano Yabut, Jr., for violation of Art. 282 of The Revised
Penal Code, in connection with the alleged blackmail and extortion filed by
complainants against respondent. Relevant excerpts of the Assistant City Prosecutors
findings follow
[5]

As regards the accusation against Atty. Yabut, the same would necessarily fail on
the basis alone of the allegation that he made the demand for money right there
in his law office x x x x. Nevertheless, even assuming en arguendo that this case
against Atty. Yabut is given due course, the result would still be the same. The
existence of a very strong motive on the part of Wilfredo Boyboy or his wife Dr.
Boyboy to get back at him for exposing them in their modus operandi victimizing
CHAMPUS beneficiaries, whether true or not, relegate their accusation to a mere
made-up story or possibly a concoction designed to silence Atty. Yabut. Doubtful
of its commission, as it is, the doubt should always favor the one accused. In
addition, proof of this instant charge is uncorroborated except the lone statement
of Wilfredo Boyboy. There must be positive proof of a clear and convincing evidence
against Atty. Yabut considering that the charge is a very serious accusation with far
reaching implications x x x x. Therefore, considering that x x x the evidence are
not enough to indict the respondents of the charge, this Investigation opines for
the outright dismissal of this case for lack of a prima facie case.
[6]

Thus, we are perplexed: If complainants could not even hurdle the low quantum and
quality of proof needed to sustain a finding of probable cause, how could the CBD-IBP
conclude with definiteness that complainants evidence has crossed the much more rigid
threshold of substantial evidence?
Concededly, respondents defense of denial is inherently weak. But where denial is
set up as a defense, courts should not at once look upon it with wary eyes for there are
occasions where it could actually be the real and untarnished truth. Indeed, what other
kind of evidence must be adduced by respondent, who is asserting the non-occurrence
of extortion or blackmail, if not denial?
Quite surprisingly, the very plain terms of the Report and Recommendation would
show in effect that the CBD-IBP erroneously passed upon the credibility of witnesses -

In the first place, complainants have averred in chronological order and in a detailed
manner the events involved in the charge. There is hardly any reason to doubt their
asseverations as they contained details that only an insider or one privy to the
transaction would have known.
Secondly, the undersigned had laboriously searched for any improper motive on
the part of the complainants that drove them to file the instant suit but found
none. The record, however, shows that complainants and respondent had no previous
acquaintance and did not know each other since Adam. It was only when Ms. Sto.
Tomas was referred to respondent that the latter came to know for the first time about
the complainants x x x x Such being the case, it would, therefore, be utterly
unthinkable and taxing to the imagination to consider the instant case as a
harassment suit. Hence, it is safe to conclude that complainants have been

genuinely moved by a serious quest for justice for the wrongful and illicit
conduct as shown by respondent(underscoring supplied).
The words now written in bold in the first and second paragraphs above quoted for
emphasis are but puerile dialectics and conclusions devoid of evidentiary support. It is
significant that in its Order of 21 August 2001, the CBD-IBP dispensed with a fulldress hearing, i.e., the presentation of testimonial evidence, purportedly to expedite
the proceedings. Instead, it required the parties to simply file their respective
memoranda and thereafter submit the case for resolution on the basis of the pleadings.
Thus, there was obviously nothing upon which an assessment on credibility of
witnesses may be predicated, since the CBD-IBP never had the opportunity of hearing
the witnesses, or observing their deportment and manner of testifying.
[7]

The oftentimes thin but clear line between fact and prevarication is not always
discernible from a mere reading of the cold pages of the records. Certainly, only a judge
who had personally heard the witnesses and observed their demeanor on the stand can
arrive at an informed and intelligent judgment on whom to believe and whom not to
believe.
There can be no quarrel that the act of the CBD-IBP in dispensing with the
hearing is fairly within the bounds of permissible legal procedure; for after all, as
observed in the ponencia, a trial-type hearing is not always de rigueur in
administrative proceedings. But we emphasize that since the CBD-IBP inexorably
anchored its Report and Recommendation on complainants credibility, a trialtype hearing becomes an indispensable requirement in this case.
It must be stressed that the CBD-IBP is tasked to look into and investigate beyond
the serious allegations of wrongdoing purportedly committed by a member of the Bar,
and thereafter recommend the imposition of the proper administrative penalty upon the
culpable party, when warranted by the evidence. Failure of respondent to appear at the
scheduled hearings despite notices did not relieve the CBD-IBP of the duty to diligently
inquire into the factual assertions of complainants in their pleadings and affidavits.
Ordinary prudence dictates that it should have proceeded with the hearings and
accordingly received ex parte the testimonial evidence of complainants. If respondent
failed to appear once or twice because he was abroad to have a thorough medical
check-up and the long awaited relaxation from hectic schedules, he should have been
warned that if he should not appear again the evidence of the complainants would be
received ex parte and he may be considered to have waived his right to appear and
present his evidence thereafter. But no such warning appears to have been made
before this case was eventually decided on the merits.
Considering the dismal state of complainants evidence, we cannot rule out the
possibility that, as asserted by respondent, the instant disbarment case was illmotivated being retaliatory in nature and aimed at striking back at him for having filed
the criminal case for estafa and an administrative case for grave misconduct,
dishonesty and malpractice against Dr. Lydia Boyboy. Verily, respondents fears of being
stricken back may just as well be viewed as good and equally plausible as the blackmail

and extortion alleged by complainants but which have not been established with an iota
of evidence or any degree of certitude.
We can only echo in principle our admonition in Castaos v. Escao, Jr., which
although involving a bribery charge against a judge, may nevertheless apply by analogy
in the present recourse:
[8]

An accusation of bribery is easy to concoct and difficult to disprove. Thus, to our


mind, thecomplainant must present a panoply of evidence in support of such an
accusation. Inasmuch as what is imputed against the respondent judge connotes a
misconduct so grave that, if proven, it would entail dismissal from the bench, the
quantum of proof required should be more than substantial. We have held in the
case of Lopez v. Fernandez that:
Numerous administrative charges against erring judges have come to this Court and
We viewed them with utmost care, because proceedings of this character, according
to In Re Horrilleno, as set forth in the opinion of Justice Malcolm, are in their nature,
highly penal in character and are to be governed by the rules applicable to criminal
cases. The charges must therefore, be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. This 1992
decision has been subsequently adhered to in a number of cases decided by this Court.
x x x x In order that the allegation of a charge of this nature may not be
considered a fairy tale, evidence other than the doubtful and questionable verbal
testimony of a lone witness should be adduced. Entrapment should have been
pursued. Evidence of a reasonable report to police authorities should have been
presented. Record of where the bribe money came from, its specific denominations
and the manner respondent accepted and disposed of it should have been clearly
shown (underscoring supplied for emphasis).
So must it be in the instant case. An accusation for blackmail and extortion is a very
serious one which, if properly substantiated, would entail not only respondents
disbarment from the practice of law, but also a possible criminal prosecution. To be
sure, it will take more than mere pleadings and unreliable affidavits to lend an aura of
respectability and credibility to complainants accusations. A finding of guilt should only
come from the strength of complainants evidence, not from the weakness of
respondents defense.
In this connection, the sad reality in cases of this nature is that no witness can be
called to testify on the attempts at extortion since no third party is ordinarily involved to
witness the same. What independent evidence can there be in a situation like this, when
the only persons present are the ones who made the demand and on whom the
demand was made?
We need not search far and wide for answers, for it was already given in the
aforecited case of Castaos v. Escao, Jr. Entrapment has been a tried and tested method

of trapping and capturing felons in the act of committing clandestine crimes, such as
sale and distribution of prohibited drugs, blackmail, extortion and bribery. It can provide
hard-to-dispute real evidence of culpability in the form of the marked money. Had
complainants pursued the alleged planned entrapment of respondent, their case could
have assumed an entirely different complexion.
Complainants explanation that they failed to entrap respondent for lack of funds, is
too lame and flimsy an excuse. It was not necessary for them to raise the whole amount
allegedly demanded by respondent to set up an entrapment, for a few genuine bills
stuffed with blank papers cut to resemble money bills would have been sufficient for the
purpose. Law enforcement authorities have employed this standard technique in cases
where the amount demanded by the person to be apprehended is too
substantial.Undoubtedly, Director Balancio of the NBI, who purportedly suggested the
entrapment of respondent, should be conversant with such technique but, unfortunately,
no explanation was given for not applying the accepted standard procedure except
allegedly for lack of funds. This, we say, is incredible!
Even more strange is the fact that Director Balancio was not even presented to
testify in behalf of complainants to prove at least that the supposed blackmail or
extortion was reported to him, and that complainants indeed sought his help relative
thereto.
Looking at the present instance with an absolutely objective eye, we are not
disposed to accept as gospel truth complainants imputation of criminal or administrative
wrongdoing to respondent in view of the existence of a wide chasm between the
accusations and proof. The accusations should be fittingly treated for what they are mere accusations founded on speculation and conjecture, if not sheer temerity. For
these reasons, we are unable to yield assent to the Report and Recommendation of the
CBD-IBP, otherwise the decision that would be handed down would unlock Pandoras
box of abuse. Perhaps we may not realize it, but lawyers would be at the mercy of the
shrewd, the sinister, and the disgruntled who could very easily vent their rancor against
members of the Bar through the mere expedient of hurling unsubstantiated - worse,
even malicious and prevaricated - claims. Surely, all lawyers may fall victims of this
vicious scheme.
WHEREFORE, the instant administrative complaint for disbarment against
respondent ATTY. VICTORIANO R. YABUT, JR., is DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED.
Quisumbing, Austria-Martinez, and Callejo, Sr., JJ., concur.

[1]

Art. 282 punishes the crime of Grave Threats. Blackmailing and extortion are punished under Art. 283
on Light Threats. See Reyes, The Revised Penal Code, 1993 ed., p. 559.

[2]

See People v. Quidato, G.R. No. 117401, 1 October 1998, 297 SCRA 1, 8.

[3]

Ang Tibay v. The Court of Industrial Relations, 69 Phil. 635 (1940).

[4]

See Preceding Note.

[5]

Docketed as I.S. No. 00-0592, Wilfredo Boyboy and Dr. Lydia Boyboy v. Atty. Victoriano Yabut, Jr. and
Arlene Sto. Tomas,

[6]

Annex B. IBP Records, Vol III, p. 11-13.

[7]

See IBP Records, Vol. III, p. 54.

[8]

Adm. Matter No. RTJ-93-955, 251 SCRA 174, 184-185, 191.

EN BANC

[A.C. No. 4738. June 10, 2003]

VIOLETA FLORES ALITAGTAG, complainant, vs. ATTY. VIRGILIO R.


GARCIA, respondent.
RESOLUTION
PER CURIAM:

This refers to the motion for reconsideration of the Resolution of this Court, dated
February 6, 2002, finding respondent guilty of grave misconduct rendering him unworthy
of continuing membership in the legal profession and ordering his disbarment from the
practice of law and his name stricken off the Roll of Attorneys.
In essence, respondent reiterates his innocence by denying authorship and
participation in the falsification of the subject deed of donation. However, he admits his
negligence and expresses remorse for his failure to diligently perform his duties as
notary public with respect to the notarization of the said deed of donation. Respondent
pleads for compassion and mercy and asks that the Court be more lenient in imposing
penalty for the infractions he has committed.
As early as the case of Santos vs. Dichoso and reiterated in the case of Martin vs.
Felix Jr., this Court held:
[1]

[2]

In disbarment proceedings, the burden of proof rests upon the complainant, and for
the court to exercise its disciplinary powers, the case against the respondent must be
established by clear, convincing and satisfactory proof. Considering the serious
consequence of the disbarment or suspension of a member of the Bar, this Court has
consistently held that clear preponderant evidence is necessary to justify the
imposition of the administrative penalty.
There is no question that respondent was remiss in the performance of his duties as
a notary public. In fact, there is preponderance of evidence showing that he subverted
the clear provisions of Section 1 of Public Act 2103, otherwise known as An Act
[3]

Providing for the Acknowledgement and Authentication of Instruments and Documents


within the Philippine Islands and Section 246 of Act 2711, otherwise known as the
Revised Administrative Code of 1917.
[4]

Respondent is likewise found guilty of harassing the occupants of the property


subject of the donation by asking Meralco to disconnect its services to the property and
by posting security guards to intimidate the said occupants. These acts do not speak
well of his standing as a member of the bar. Rule 7.03, Canon 7 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility provides that a lawyer shall not engage in conduct that
adversely reflects on his fitness to practice law, nor should he, whether in public or
private life, behave in a scandalous manner to the discredit of the legal profession. By
engaging in acts that undermine recognition of and respect for legal processes,
respondent has clearly committed conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to be a
member of the legal profession.
However, as to the issue of falsification of the subject deed of donation, a review of
the records at hand shows that there is no clear and convincing evidence to prove that
respondent is the author of the forged signature of the donor or that he actively
participated or conspired with any party in forging the said signature as it appears in the
questioned deed of donation. The only proven link respondent has to the falsified deed
is the fact that he notarized it. The Court agrees with the observation of the Investigating
Commissioner of the IBP that there is no proof that respondent knew that the signature
of Cesar Flores appearing on the deed of donation was falsified. Complainant never
disputed respondents claim that the deed of donation was already signed when
personally handed to him by Cesar Flores, Sr. There is no reason shown why
respondent should have doubted that the donors signature was forged. Moreover, the
fact that respondent was later on given a special power of attorney to administer and
sell the property covered by the forged deed of donation does not prove his participation
in the falsification of the said deed. Records reveal that there is a gap of more than five
years between the date of notarization of the subject deed of donation on September
19, 1991 and the execution of the special power of attorney in favor of respondent on
November 7, 1996. If respondent was indeed part of a scheme to defraud the other
children of Cesar Flores, we find it illogical that he and his cohorts would wait that long
for him to be given the power of attorney to dispose of the subject property.
[5]

[6]

Likewise, the failure of the respondent to submit to the proper authorities a copy of
the subject deed of donation which he notarized does not directly prove that he tried to
cover up the falsification committed.
It must also be noted that in the criminal case for falsification filed by complainant
against several accused including herein respondent, the city prosecutor of Pasig found
no sufficient evidence to indict respondent. Even the decision of the lower court in Civil
Case No. 65883 which was filed for the nullification of the subject deed of donation did
not contain any specific finding as to the alleged participation of respondent in the
falsification of the subject deed.
[7]

[8]

[9]

In sum, complainant failed to discharge her burden of proving the liability of


respondent with respect to the falsification of the questioned deed of donation.

Suspicion, no matter how strong, is not enough to warrant the disbarment of


respondent.
Indeed, the power to disbar must be exercised with great caution, and may be
imposed only in a clear case of misconduct that seriously affects the standing and the
character of the lawyer as an officer of the Court and as a member of the bar.
Disbarment should never be decreed where any lesser penalty could accomplish the
end desired. Without doubt, a violation of the high moral standards of the legal
profession justifies the imposition of the appropriate penalty, including suspension and
disbarment. However, the said penalties are imposed with great caution, because they
are the most severe forms of disciplinary action and their consequences are beyond
repair.
[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

A review of pertinent and relevant jurisprudence convinces the Court to reconsider


the penalty imposed on herein respondent.
In Maligsa vs. Cabanting, the respondent lawyer was disbarred after this Court
found out that he notarized a forged deed of quitclaim. However, the penalty of
disbarment was imposed after considering that he was previously suspended from the
practice of law for six months on the ground that he purchased his clients property while
it was still the subject of a pending certiorari proceeding.
[14]

In Flores vs. Chua, the respondent lawyer was disbarred after he was found guilty
of notarizing a forged deed of sale. But again, the penalty of disbarment was imposed
because in a previous administrative case, respondent was found guilty of violating Rule
1.01 of the Code of Professional Responsibility and had been sternly warned that a
repetition of a similar act or acts or violation committed by him in the future will be dealt
with more severely. The Court also took into consideration the other infractions or acts
of misconduct committed by the respondent such as forum shopping, committing
falsehood, injurious, willful and unprofessional conduct of publishing, or causing the
publication, in a newspaper of general circulation of a pending case, causing undue
delay in the court proceedings and for notarizing a document without the party being
present.
[15]

[16]

In Roces vs. Aportadera, the Court suspended the respondent lawyer from the
practice of law for a period of two years after it was found out that he has dubious
involvement in the preparation and notarization of the falsified sale of his clients
property.
[17]

Thus, taking into consideration the foregoing jurisprudence, the totality of the acts of
misconduct proven to have been committed by herein respondent, his admission of
negligence, plea for compassion and the fact that this is his first offense, the Court finds
it proper to reconsider the penalty imposed. Nonetheless, the Court reiterates the
principle that where the notary public is a lawyer, a graver responsibility is placed upon
his shoulder by reason of his solemn oath to obey the laws and to do no falsehood or
consent to the doing of any. The penalty of suspension, both from respondents
practice of law and from his commission as a notary public is apropos to the offenses he
committed.
[18]

WHEREFORE, the motion for reconsideration is GRANTED. Respondent is


REINSTATED as a member of the Bar but he is SUSPENDED from the practice of law
and from his commission as a notary public for a period of three (3) years, effective
immediately, with a warning that a commission of the same or similar acts in the future
shall be dealt with more severely.
The Clerk of Court of this Court is DIRECTED to immediately circularize this
Resolution for the proper guidance of all concerned.
Let copies of this Resolution be furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant and the
Integrated Bar of the Philippines.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Bellosillo, Puno, Vitug, Panganiban, Quisumbing, YnaresSantiago, Sandoval-Gutierrez, Carpio, Austria-Martinez, Corona, Carpio-Morales,
Callejo, Sr., andAzcuna, JJ., concur.

[1]

84 SCRA 622, 627 (1978).

[2]

163 SCRA 111, 130(1988).

[3]

Section 1. (a) The acknowledgement shall be made before a notary public or an officer duly authorized
by law of the country to take acknowledgements of instruments or documents in the place where
the act is done. The notary public or the officer taking the acknowledgement shall certify that the
person acknowledging the instrument or document is known to him and that he is the same
person who executed it, and acknowledged that the same is his free act and deed. The certificate
shall be made under his official seal, if he is by law required to keep a seal, and if not, his
certificate shall so state. (Emphasis ours)

[4]

Sec. 246. Matters to be entered therein. - The notary public shall enter in such register, in chronological
order, the nature of each instrument executed, sworn to, or acknowledged before him, the person
executing, swearing to, or acknowledging the instrument, the witnesses, if any, to the instrument,
the fees collected by him for his services as notary in connection therewith, and, when the
instrument is a contract, he shall keep a correct copy thereof as part of his records, and shall
likewise enter in said records a brief description of the substance thereof, and shall give to each
entry a consecutive number, beginning with number one in each calendar year. x x x. A certified
copy of each months entries as described herein and a certified copy of any instrument
acknowledged before him shall, within the first ten days of the month next following, be forwarded
by the notary to the clerk of the court of first instance of the province (or city) where he exercises
his office, and shall be filed under the responsibility of such officer, provided, that if there is no
entry to certify for the month, the notary shall forward a statement to this effect in lieu of the
certified copies herein required. (Emphasis ours)

[5]

Exhibit G-1, p. 181, Vol. II, Original Records.

[6]

Exhibit I-2, p. 188, Vol. II, OR.

[7]

See Annex 7 to Respondents Comment, pp. 55-57, Rollo.

[8]

Entitled, Heir of Cesar Flores Namely: Maria Evangelina Flores Palparan, Plaintiff, vs. Gregorio G.
Flores, Maria Eugenia Flores Garcia, Virgilio R. Garcia and Magdalena G. Flores, Defendants

[9]

See RTC Decision, Exhibit Q, pp. 198-209, Vol. II, OR.

[10]

Resurreccion vs. Sayson, 300 SCRA 129, 136 (1998); T-Boli Agro-Industrial Development Inc. vs.
Solilapsi, AC No. 4766, December 27, 2002.

[11]

Ibid.

[12]

De Ere vs. Rubi, 320 SCRA 617, 622 (1999).

[13]

Ibid.

[14]

272 SCRA 408 (1997).

[15]

306 SCRA 465 (1999).

[16]

Rule 1.01 - A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct.

[17]

243 SCRA 108 (1995)

[18]

Flores vs. Chua, supra; Bernardo Vda. de Rosales vs. Ramos, AC No. 5645, July 2, 2002

EN BANC
[Adm. Case No. 501. October 26, 1968.]
IN RE: DISBARMENT PROCEEDINGS AGAINST NOTARY PUBLIC ATTY.
ZACARIAS MANIGBAS,Respondent.
SYLLABUS
1. LEGAL ETHICS; ATTORNEY; DISBARMENT; NOTARY PUBLIC; LACK OF
CARE IN ASCERTAINING THE IDENTITY OF THE PERSONS ACKNOWLEDGING
DOCUMENTS BEFORE HIM; INSTANT CASE. Where there is no showing
that respondent was in league with the bank officers who may have
perpetrated a scheme in issuing fraudulent loans in violation of the charter of
the Rural Bank of Lucena so as to warrant the finding that he had himself
committed falsification and his participation in notarizing said documents is
not inconsistent with lack of knowledge on his part of the fraud, the
recommendation of the Solicitor General that respondent "be exonerated of
the charge of falsification contained in the report of the NBI and submitted
to the Supreme Court as basis of these proceedings," but that for his failure
to exercise utmost care in ascertaining the identity of the persons
acknowledging documents before him, he be warned to be more careful
hereafter, with the further warning that a similar complaint against him in
the future will merit more drastic action is approved.

DECISION
DIZON, J.:
Respondent Zacarias Manigbas, a member of the bar, was charged with
alleged acts of falsification in violation of Article 171 of the Revised Penal
Code, in that in the jurat of certain documents, later introduced in evidence
as Exhs. D and E, he, as Notary Public, made it appear that said documents
were subscribed, sworn to and signed by Pablo de la Cruz before him and in
his presence, in Lucena City, when in truth and in fact they were signed in
Manila and not in his presence. The matter having been referred to the office
of the Solicitor General for appropriate action, the corresponding
investigation was held, in the course of which said respondent was given
ample opportunity to defend himself. Upon the evidence presented thereat,
the Solicitor General made the following findings:
jgc:chanroble s.com.ph

"Respondent thus admitted that in the performance of his duties as notary


public of the Rural Bank of Lucena, he had not exercised utmost care so as
to make sure that the person presenting the document for his signature as
notary public was the same person who was supposed to sign and subscribe
the document before him, relying merely on the assumption that the papers
were in order because they were supposed to have been duly processed by
the bank manager who, he also presumed, had seen to it that no defect
existed in the pertinent documents and no irregularity had been committed
in the preparation of the loan papers.
"From the evidence, presented, there is no showing that respondent was in
league with the bank officers who may have perpetrated a scheme in issuing
fraudulent loans in violation of the charter of the Rural Bank of Lucena so as
to warrant the finding that he had himself committed falsification. His
Participation in the accomplishment of the documents relative to the loan
supposedly applied for by Pablo de la Cruz which is that of merely notarizing
said documents is not inconsistent with lack of knowledge on his part of the
fraud which was apparently perpetrated by other parties so as to make him
equally liable or guilty of such fraud. His being a young lawyer would
disincline us to believe that he could have consciously lent himself as a tool
in the perpetration of fraudulent loans as the Lucena Rural Bank had been
charged with. At least the evidence fails to link respondent to whatever
fraudulent transactions may have been indulged in by the Bank."
cralaw virtua1aw library

As a result of the above findings, and considering all the material evidence,
the Solicitor General holds the view that the respondent "is chargeable only
with failure to exercise utmost care in the performance of his functions as a
Notary Public," and that his case "is similar to that of Tahimik Ramirez v.
Atty. Jaime Ner (Administrative Case No. 500, September 27, 1967) where it
appeared that the respondent notarized a deed of sale of a vehicle without
requiring the presence of the vendee during the execution of the document
and in which case We held that the act committed by said respondent was
not serious enough to justify disbarment nor suspension. As a consequence,
the recommendation of the Solicitor General is that respondent herein "be
exonerated of the charge of falsification contained in the report of the NBI
and submitted to this Honorable Court as basis of these proceedings", but
that for his failure to exercise utmost care in ascertaining the identity of the
persons acknowledging documents before him, he be warned to be more
careful hereafter, with the further warning that a similar complaint against
him in the future will merit more drastic action.
As We consider the findings of the Solicitor General as fully borne out by the
evidence, and the respondent, in his Answer dated September 29, 1968, has
expressly agreed to and accepted the recommendation made in the report,
both the findings and recommendation are hereby approved.
WHEREFORE, the herein respondent is hereby warned to be more careful in
the future in the performance of his duties as Notary Public, and that any
well grounded complaint in the future against him upon similar grounds will
merit a stiffer penalty. It is so ordered.
Concepcion, C.J., Reyes, J.B.L., Makalintal, Sanchez, Castro, Angeles,
Fernando and Capistrano, JJ., concur.
Zaldivar, J., did not take part.

EN BANC
[A.C. No. 5624. January 20, 2004]

NATASHA HUEYSUWAN-FLORIDO, complainant, vs. ATTY. JAMES


BENEDICT C. FLORIDO, respondent.
DECISION
YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.:

This is an administrative complaint for the disbarment of respondent Atty. James


Benedict C. Florido and his eventual removal from the Roll of Attorneys for allegedly
violating his oath as a lawyer by manufacturing, flaunting and using a spurious and
bogus Court of Appeals Resolution/Order.
[1]

In her Complaint-Affidavit, Natasha V. Heysuwan-Florido averred that she is the


legitimate spouse of respondent Atty. James Benedict C. Florido, but that they are
estranged and living separately from each other. They have two children namely,
Kamille Nicole H. Florido, five years old, and James Benedict H. Florido, Jr., three years
old both of whom are in complainants custody. Complainant filed a case for the
annulment of her marriage with respondent, docketed as Civil Case No. 23122, before
the Regional Trial Court of Cebu City, Branch 24. Meanwhile, there is another case
related to the complaint for annulment of marriage which is pending before the Court of
Appeals and docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 54235 entitled, James Benedict C. Florido v.
Hon. Pampio Abarientos, et al.
Sometime in the middle of December 2001, respondent went to complainants
residence in Tanjay City, Negros Oriental and demanded that the custody of their two
minor children be surrendered to him. He showed complainant a photocopy of an
alleged Resolution issued by the Court of Appeals which supposedly granted his motion
for temporary child custody. Complainant called up her lawyer but the latter informed
her that he had not received any motion for temporary child custody filed by respondent.
[2]

Complainant asked respondent for the original copy of the alleged resolution of the
Court of Appeals, but respondent failed to give it to her. Complainant then examined the
resolution closely and noted that it bore two dates: November 12, 2001 and November
29, 2001. Sensing something amiss, she refused to give custody of their children to
respondent.
In the mid-morning of January 15, 2002, while complainant was with her children in
the ABC Learning Center in Tanjay City, respondent, accompanied by armed men,
suddenly arrived and demanded that she surrender to him the custody of their children.
He threatened to forcefully take them away with the help of his companions, whom he
claimed to be agents of the National Bureau of Investigation.
Alarmed, complainant immediately sought the assistance of the Tanjay City Police.
The responding policemen subsequently escorted her to the police station where the
matter could be clarified and settled peacefully. At the police station, respondent caused
to be entered in the Police Blotter a statement that he, assisted by agents of the NBI,
formally served on complainant the appellate courts resolution/order. In order to diffuse
the tension, complainant agreed to allow the children to sleep with respondent for one
[3]

night on condition that he would not take them away from Tanjay City. This agreement
was entered into in the presence of Tanjay City Chief of Police Juanito Condes and NBI
Investigator Roger Sususco, among others.
In the early morning of January 16, 2002, complainant received information that a
van arrived at the hotel where respondent and the children were staying to take them to
Bacolod City. Complainant rushed to the hotel and took the children to another room,
where they stayed until later in the morning.
On the same day, respondent filed with the Regional Trial Court of Dumaguete City,
Branch 31, a verified petition for the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus asserting his
right to custody of the children on the basis of the alleged Court of Appeals resolution. In
the meantime, complainant verified the authenticity of the Resolution and obtained a
certification dated January 18, 2002 from the Court of Appeals stating that no such
resolution ordering complainant to surrender custody of their children to respondent had
been issued.
[4]

[5]

At the hearing of the petition for habeas corpus on January 23, 2002, respondent
did not appear. Consequently, the petition was dismissed.
Hence, complainant filed the instant complaint alleging that respondent violated his
attorneys oath by manufacturing, flaunting and using a spurious Court of Appeals
Resolution in and outside a court of law. Furthermore, respondent abused and misused
the privileged granted to him by the Supreme Court to practice law in the country.
After respondent answered the complaint, the matter was referred to the IBPCommission on Bar Discipline for investigation, report and recommendation. The IBPCBD recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for a period
of three years with a warning that another offense of this nature will result in his
disbarment. On June 23, 2003, the IBP Board of Governors adopted and approved the
Report and recommendation of the Commission with the modification that the penalty of
suspension be increased to six years.
[6]

The issue to be resolved is whether or not the respondent can be held


administratively liable for his reliance on and attempt to enforce a spurious Resolution of
the Court of Appeals.
In his answer to the complaint, respondent claims that he acted in good faith in
invoking the Court of Appeals Resolution which he honestly believed to be authentic.
This, however, is belied by the fact that he used and presented the spurious resolution
several times. As pointed out by the Investigating Commissioner, the assailed

Resolution was presented by respondent on at least two occasions: first, in his Petition
for Issuance of Writ of Habeas Corpus docketed as Special Proc. Case No. 3898,
which he filed with the Regional Trial Court of Dumaguete City; and second, when he
sought the assistance of the Philippine National Police (PNP) of Tanjay City to recover
custody of his minor children from complainant. Since it was respondent who used the
spurious Resolution, he is presumed to have participated in its fabrication.
[7]

Candor and fairness are demanded of every lawyer. The burden cast on the
judiciary would be intolerable if it could not take at face value what is asserted by
counsel. The time that will have to be devoted just to the task of verification of
allegations submitted could easily be imagined. Even with due recognition then that
counsel is expected to display the utmost zeal in the defense of a clients cause, it must
never be at the expense of the truth. Thus, the Code of professional Responsibility
states:
[8]

CANON 10. A LAWYER OWES CANDOR, FAIRNESS AND GOOD


FAITH TO THE COURT.
Rule 10.01 - A lawyer shall not do any falsehood; nor consent to the doing of
any in court; nor shall he mislead, or allow the Court to be misled
by any artifice.
Rule 10.02 - A lawyer shall not knowingly misquote or misrepresent the
contents of a paper, the language or the argument of an opposing
counsel, or the text of a decision or authority, or knowingly cite as
a law a provision already rendered inoperative by repeal or
amendment, or assert as a fact that which has not been proved.
Moreover, the records show that respondent used offensive language in his
pleadings in describing complainant and her relatives. A lawyers language should be
forceful but dignified, emphatic but respectful as befitting an advocate and in keeping
with the dignity of the legal profession. The lawyers arguments whether written or oral
should be gracious to both court and opposing counsel and should be of such words as
may be properly addressed by one gentlemen to another. By calling complainant, a sly
manipulator of truth as well as a vindictive congenital prevaricator, hardly measures to
the sobriety of speech demanded of a lawyer.
[9]

[10]

Respondents actions erode the public perception of the legal profession. They
constitute gross misconduct and the sanctions for such malfeasance is prescribed by
Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court which states:

SEC. 27. Disbarment and suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court, grounds


therefore.- A member of the bar may be disbarred or suspended from his office as
attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice or other gross misconduct
in such office, grossly immoral conduct or by reason of his conviction of a crime
involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required to take
before the admission to practice, or for a willful disobedience appearing as attorney
for a party without authority to do so.
Considering the attendant circumstances, we agree with the recommendation of the
IBP Board of Governors that respondent should be suspended from the practice of law.
However, we find that the period of six years is too harsh a penalty. Instead, suspension
for the lesser period of two years, which we deem commensurate to the offense
committed, is hereby imposed on respondent.
WHEREFORE, in view of all the foregoing, Atty. James Benedict C. Florido is
SUSPENDED from the practice of law for a period of two (2) years.
Let copies of this resolution be entered in the personal record of respondent as a
member of the Bar and furnished the Bar Confidant, the Integrated Bar of the
Philippines (IBP) and the Court Administrator for circulation to all courts of the country.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Puno, Vitug, Panganiban, Quisumbing, Sandoval-Gutierrez,
Carpio, Austria-Martinez, Corona, Carpio-Morales, Callejo, Sr., Azcuna, and Tinga,
JJ., concur.

SECOND DIVISION

EPIFANIA Q. BANTOLO, Adm. Case No. 6589


Complainant,
Present:
PUNO, J.,
Chairman,
- versus - AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,
CALLEJO, SR.,
TINGA, and

CHICO-NAZARIO, JJ.
ATTY. EGMEDIO B. CASTILLON, JR.,
Respondent.
Promulgated:
December 19, 2005
x-------------------------------------------------------------------x

DECISION
TINGA, J.:

In a letter-complaint to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)


dated 02 October 1997,[1] Epifania Q. Bantolo charged Atty. Egmedio
B. Castillon, Sr. of violating the lawyers oath and Section 20 of Rule
138 of the Rules of Court for having (i) wittingly or willingly
performed, promoted, or sued any groundless, false or unlawful
suit, and or giving aid or consent to the same; (ii) delayed the just
execution of the suit without legal or justifiable cause and
employing illegal means and unlawful force to do so; (iii) blatantly
showed disrespect to the Regional Trial Court by disobeying its
lawful orders; and (iv) for employing unlawful and illegal means to
attain his ends.
According to complainant, respondent is the lawyer and one of the
defendants in a case involving a parcel of land in Valderrama,

Antique.[2] The case was decided in favor of the complainant and her
co-plaintiffs, and thereafter, a writ of execution was issued, by
virtue of which, defendants were ejected from the property. However,
respondents, with his co-defendants subsequently entered the
disputed property and harvested the palay planted therein.
[3]

Plaintiffs were prompted to move for defendants to be declared in

contempt of court because of their open defiance and willful


disobedience to the lawful orders of the court, which were abetted
by the acts of Atty. Egmedio Castillon who is an officer of the court.
On 25 January 1991, the trial court declared Atty. Castillon and

[4]

his co-defendants guilty of indirect contempt of court, with the


penalty of one month imprisonment and fine. [5] Subsequently, on 26
July 1994, the Court of Appeals affirmed the decision of the trial
court,

with

the

modification

that

instead

of

imprisonment,

defendants were ordered to pay a fine of P1,000.00 each. [6]


In his Answer to Complaint dated 02 March 1998, respondent
denied complainants allegations and claimed that said complaint
was a form of harassment.[7] Hearings were thereafter scheduled but
were

cancelled

and

reset

due

to

the

unavailability

of

the

complainant. Finally, on 09 December 1998, a hearing for the


reception of complainants evidence was conducted. [8] While notices
were subsequently sent to respondent setting the case for reception
of his evidence, no such hearing pushed through due to

respondents failure to inform the IBP of his new office address.


Thus, respondent was deemed to have waived his right to present
evidence.[9]
In the Report and Recommendation (Report) dated 17 March 2004,
the investigating commissioner, Atty. Rafael Antonio M. Santos,
found that complainant failed to prove that respondents actions,
with respect to his unsuccessful defense of the case were not within
the bounds of the law. Moreover, that respondent lost his case in
the trial court does not necessarily support the charge of willingly
promoting or ruing any groundless, false or unlawful suit or giving
aid, or consenting to the same,

[10]

he added. Thus, according to the

IBP, the only remaining issue to be resolved is respondents liability,


if any, for his contumacious acts, as found by the trial court and
the Court of Appeals.[11]
Recognizing that the findings of the trial court and the appellate
court with respect to respondents contumacious acts as final and
conclusive, it was found that respondent committed an act which
constitutes a breach of his sworn promise to obey the laws as well
as the legal orders of the duly constituted authorities. Furthermore,
the Report noted respondents attempts to thwart the instant
disbarment

proceedings,

to

wit:

i)

attempt

to

mislead

the

Commission on Bar Discipline by representing that the proceedings

relative to the contempt charges against him are still pending when
in fact they had already been terminated; ii) placing too much
emphasis on the alleged lack of personality of the complainant to
file the disbarment complaint; and iii) failure to notify the
Commission of his change of address.[12]
Finding however, that the penalty of disbarment would be
reasonable

under

the

circumstances,

the

Commission

recommended instead the penalty of suspension for one month.


[13]

As explained in the Report:


A close examination of the facts of this case reveals that the basis
of the act for which the court found to be contumacious is a claim
of ownership over the subject property, and thus arose from an
emotional attachment to the property which they had possessed
prior to their dispossession as a consequence of the decision in
Civil Case No. 1345. Respondents subsequent acts, however,
including those which were found to be contumacious, as well as
his actuations in the instant case, merit disciplinary sanctions, for
which is recommended that respondent be suspended for one (1)
month.[14]

On 30 July 2004, the IBP passed a resolution adopting the Report


and Recommendation, to wit:
RESOLUTION NO, XVI-2004-376
CBD Case No. 510
Epifania Q. Bantolo vs.
Atty. Egmedio B. Castillon

RESOLVED to ADOPT and APPROVE, as it is hereby ADOPTED


and APPROVED, the Report and Recommendation of the
Investigating Commissioner of the above-entitled case, herein made
part of this Resolution as Annex A; and finding the
recommendation fully supported by the evidence on record and the
applicable laws and rules, and considering that respondent has
been found by both the Trial Court and the Court of Appeals guilty
of indirect contempt for disobeying the writ of execution and for
attempting to mislead the Commission into believing that the
contempt charge is still pending by submitting an Order of the trial
court which pertains to a second contempt charge, Atty. Egmedio
B. Castillon, Sr. is hereby SUSPENDED from the practice of law for
one (1) month.

The findings and recommendation of the IBP are well-taken.


Lawyers are particularly called upon to obey court orders and
processes, and this deference is underscored by the fact that willful
disregard thereof may subject the lawyer not only to punishment for
contempt but to disciplinary sanctions as well. [15] Such is the
situation in the instant case. We need not delve into the factual
findings of the trial court and the Court of Appeals on the contempt
case against respondents. Suffice it to say that respondent lawyers
commission of the contumacious acts have been shown and proven,
and eventually punished by the lower courts.
A lawyer is first and foremost an officer of the court. Thus,
while he owes his entire devotion to the interest and causes of his
client he must ensure that he acts within the bounds of reason and
common sense, always aware that he is an instrument of truth and

justice. More importantly, as an officer of the court and its


indispensable partner in the sacred task of administering justice,
graver responsibility is imposed upon a lawyer than any other to
uphold the integrity of the courts [16] and to show respect to its
processes. Thus, any act on his part which tends visibly to obstruct,
pervert or impede and degrade the administration of justice
constitutes professional misconduct calling for the exercise of
disciplinary action against him.[17]
Respondents defiance of the writ of execution is a brazen
display of disrespect of the very system which he has sworn to
support. Likewise, his various attempts to delay and address issues
inconsequential to the disbarment proceedings had necessarily
caused delay, and even threatened to obstruct the investigation
being conducted by the IBP.
Nevertheless, the supreme penalty of disbarment is not proper
in the instant case. The rule is that disbarment is meted out only in
clear cases of misconduct that seriously affect the standing and
character of the lawyer as an officer of the court. While the Court
will not hesitate to remove an erring lawyer from the esteemed
brotherhood of lawyers when the evidence calls for it, it will also not
disbar him where a lesser penalty will suffice to accomplish the
desired end.[18] In the case of respondent, the Court finds that a

months suspension from the practice of law will provide him with
enough time to purge himself of his misconduct and will give him
the opportunity to retrace his steps back to the virtuous path of the
legal profession.
WHEREFORE, respondent Atty. Egmedio B. Castillon is found
GUILTY of gross misconduct and is SUSPENDED from the practice
of law for a period of one (1) month with a warning that a repetition
of the same or similar act will be dealt with more severely.
Respondents suspension is effective upon notice of this decision.
Let notice of this decision be spread in respondents record as an
attorney in this Court, and notice of the same served on the
Integrated Bar of the Philippines and on the Office of the Court
Administrator for circulation to all the courts concerned.
SO ORDERED.

DANTE
Justice

WE CONCUR:

O.

TINGA Associate

REYNATO S. PUNO
Associate Justice
Chairman

MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ ROMEO J. CALLEJO, SR.


Associate Justice Associate Justice

MINITA V. CHICO-NAZARIO
Associate Justice

[1]

Rollo, pp.1-2.

[2]

Gertrudes Bantolo, et al. v. Coleta Castillon, et al., Civil Case No. 1345, RTC Antique,
Branch 10.
[3]

Rollo, p. 1.

[4]

Rollo, p. 2.

[5]

Rollo, pp. 7-13.

[6]

Rollo, pp. 62-75.

[7]

Rollo, pp. 17-19.

[8]

Rollo, pp. 111-155.

[9]

Rollo, p. 168.

[10]

Rollo, pp. 168-169.

[11]

Rollo, p. 170.

[12]

Rollo, pp. 173-175.

[13]

Rollo, p. 175.

[14]

Rollo, p. 176.

Agpalo, The Code of Professional Responsibility (First Edition), p. 116, citing In re


Macdougall, 3 Phil. 70 (1903).
[15]

[16]

Choa v. Judge Chiongson, 329 Phil. 270, 276 (1996).

[17]

Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan, Nos. L-79690-707 7 October 1988, 166 SCRA 316, 332.

[18]

Garcia v. Manuel, Adm. Case No. 5811, 20 January 2003, 395 SCRA 386, 392,
citations omitted.

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