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Quantum
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Theory :
Techniques & Applications
Rotational Motion

Achmad Rochliadi, Ph.D.

Program Studi Kimia

Institut Teknologi Bandung

Rotational motion
The rotational motion of a particle about a central point is
described by its angular momentum, J. The angular
momentum is a vector: its magnitude gives the rate
atwhich a particle circulates and its direction indicates the
axis of rotation.
Angular velocity

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Momen Inertia

Torque, twisting force,

force to accelerate a
rotation

Kinetic energy increase due

to torque for second

Rotational in 2 dimension
A particle of mass m constrained to move in a circular
path of radius r in the xy-plane with
constant Potential Energy
V = 0 , the Total Energy is equal
Kinetic Energy

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The angular momentum, Jz,
The Energy become

Qualitative origin of quantized rotation

We have that rotational momentum and de Broglie
relation,
rotational
momentum
become

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Not acceptable

Acceptable
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Allowed wavelength
Energy of the particles have to be quantized, the allowed
wavelength are

Allowed rotational momentum,

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Angular momentum of a particles on a ring
Energy level of particles on a ring

The normalized wavefunction

Hamiltonian for particle

Using cylindrical coordinate

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The radius is fixed, Hamiltonian, and Scrodinger equation
becomes
The normalized general solution ..

Acceptable solution
Wavefunction must single-valued must satisfy cyclic
boundary condition
The solution :

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Due to

So :

Requirement

The normalized general solution ..

Representation of the wave function

The real part of the wave function of a

particle on a ring

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Rotation in three dimention

In three dimention A sphere
(a) The wavefunction of a particle on a
spherical surface must satisfy simultaneously
two cyclic boundary conditions.

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(b) The energy and angular momentum of a
particle on a sphere are quantized.

(c) Space quantization is the restriction of the

component of angular momentumaround an
axis to discrete values.
(d) The vector model of angular momentum
uses diagrams to represent the state of
angular momentum of a rotating particle
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The Schrodinger equation

The hamiltonian for rotation motion in 3 dimentions,

The Schrodiner equation became

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Radius, r, constant, and using the separation of variable
methods, the wave function became

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The Schrodinger equation

The laplacian, and legendrian in spherical polar coordinate is

The Schrodinger equation become

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And with
The Schrodinger also

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Separation methods

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Separation methods
The separated equation become.

The cyclic boundary conditions on arising from the

need for the wavefunctions to match at =0 and 2 (the
North Pole) result in the introduction of a second
quantum number, l.

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The presence of the quantum number ml in the second
equation implies, as we see below, that the range of
acceptable values of ml is restricted by the value of l

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The wave functions

The normalize wavefunction

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The wave functions representation

Representation of the wave function

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Space quantitation
Permitted orientation of angular momentum when l = 2

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Spin

Spin is an intrinsic angular momentum of a

fundamental particle.
A fermion is a particle with a half-integral spin
quantum number.
A boson is a particle with an integral spin
quantum number.
For an electron, the spin quantum number is s=
1/2 . The spin magnetic quantum number is
ms=s,s1,..., s; for an electron, ms= 1/2.

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Spin
Electron spin have two orientation

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Spin

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