PHY10T2KINEMATICSCALULUS

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.
Albalate
8/31/2013
KINEMATICS
KINEMATICS
Linear Motion :
Linear or translational kinematics is the description of the motion in
space of a point along a line, also known as trajectory or path.
This path can be either straight (rectilinear) or curved (curvilinear).

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Kinematics (from Greek , kinein, to move) is the branch of classical

mechanics that describes the motion of objects without consideration
of the causes leading to the motion
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Kinematics is the study of how things move.
KINEMATICS
XO : means initial position in x-axis

Terms with the subscript F denotes final or end value at a certain
condition (time or displacement)
VF : means end reference velocity

Albalate
Terms with the subscript O denotes initial or starting or original

value or your initial reference value
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SUBSCRIPTS
KINEMATIC QUANTITIES
Displacement (Distance) : The change of position. Units : m, cm, km, & ft
( , )
Horizontal Displacement
=
Vertical Displacement
Actual Displacement
|| =
=
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( , )

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|| + ||
||
1
tan
||
Velocity (Speed) The rate of change of position with respect to time
(interval) . Units : km/hr, m/s, ft/s
Time Interval The time difference between two events. Units : sec, min, hrs
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( , )
( , )
Average Horizontal Velocity
Average Vertical Velocity

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Actual Velocity
|| =
=
|| + ||
1 ||
tan
||
MOTION HAVING CONSTANT VELOCITY EXAMPLES
Find
t= 40 mins, = 2400 sec

v = VX = 1.25 m/s
s distance covered
We will consider : Average Horizontal Velocity because of the flat surface where motion
occurred.

Albalate
Given
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1. A hiker travels a flat road in a straight line for 40 mins with an average velocity
of magnitude 1.25 m/s. What distance does he cover during this time ?
The scalar form of the equation is just :

VX = s/t hence s = VXt
s = VXt = ( 1.25 m/s)(2,400 s) = 3000 m = 3 km
MOTION HAVING CONSTANT VELOCITY EXAMPLES
b. in m/s?
Given : xO = 22,487 km
xF = 22,891 km
t = 4 hrs
We will consider again : Average Horizontal Velocity in the assumption that

the overall motion of the car is horizontal.
The scalar and practical form of the equation for this problem is :

Albalate
a. in km/hr?
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2. A car odometer reads 22,487 km at the start of a trip and 22,891 km at the
end. The trip took 4 hours. What was the cars average speed?
VX = (XF XO) /t
a.
VX = (XF XO) /t = (22891km 22487km) / (4 hr) = 101 km/hr
b. VX = (101 km/hr)
/
. /
= 28.056 m/s
Acceleration The rate of change of velocity with respect to time
(interval). Units : m/s2 , km/hr2 , ft/s2
Average Horizontal Acceleration
Average Vertical Acceleration

Albalate
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Actual Acceleration
|| =
|| + ||
= tan1
||
||
It is therefore possible to reverse this order :

You have to at least start with a(t)
Acceleration (a) be a time dependent quantity : thus a(t)
Velocity (v) is the first integral : v(t) = VO + a(t)dt
Position (x) is the next integral : x(t) = XO + v(t)dt = XO + a(t)d2t
Where VO and XO are the initial position and velocity values at t = 0

Instantaneous Values are obtained by substituting the exact value of time
(t) in the equations above

Albalate
Let :
Position (x) be a time dependent quantity : thus x(t)
Velocity (v) is the first derivative : v(t) = dx/dt
Acceleration (a) is the next derivative : a(t) = dv/dt = dx/d2t
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CALCULUS BASED SOLUTIONS
CALCULUS BASED SOLUTIONS
Find
x(t) = (0.160 m/s2)t2

Solution
x(t) = (0.160)t2
dx/ =
dt
v(t) = 2(0.16)t
v(t) = (0.32 m/s2)t
v(t) @ t = 3sec

Albalate
Given
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3. A hobbyist is testing a new model rocket engine by using it to propel a cart

along a model railroad track. He determines that its motion along the x-axis is
described by the equation : x(t) = (0.160 m/s2) t2 . Compute for the magnitude of
the instantaneous velocity of the cart at time t = 3 seconds.
v(3) = (0.32 m/s2)(3 s)

v(3) = 0.96 m/s
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COMPARING AVERAGE AND

INSTANTANEOUS VALUES
4. A car has velocity v given as a function of time
b. The magnitude of the instantaneous acceleration for t = 0 and t = 5 sec.

Solution
a. a average from tO= 0, tF = 5 sec
b. a(t) instantaneous for t = 0 & t = 5sec
v(t) = 4 + 0.2 t2
v(t) = 4 + 0.2 t2
aX = (vFX vOX)/(tF tO)
a(t) =dv/dt = 0 + 2(0.2)t
vOX = v(0) = 4 + 0.2(0)2 = 4 m/s
a(t)= 0.4t
vFX = v(5) = 4 + 0.2(5)2 = 9 m/s
b.1 a @ t = 0 , a(0)= 0.4(0) = 0
aX =(9 m/s 4 m/s) / (5 s 0 s)
b.2 a @ t = 5 , a(5)= 0.4m/s3(5s) = 2 m/s2
aX= + 1
m/s2

Albalate
a. The average acceleration for the time interval tO = 0 to tF = 5 sec.
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v(t) = A + Bt2 , where A = 4 m/s & B = 0.2 m/s3 Calculate :
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VELOCITIES & POSITION BY INTEGRATION
For Position : Set v(t) = 0, solve for value of t, then substitute it to x(t)

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For Velocity : Set a(t) = 0, solve for value of t, then substitute it to v(t)
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Determining Local Maximum (and Minimum) Values :
12

5. Example :
Solution :
(a) Via integration : Velocity is :

v(t) = vo + 0t [At Bt2] dt = vo + At2 (1/3)Bt3

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The motorcycle is at rest at the origin at t=0.

(a) Find the position and velocity as a function of time.
(b) Calculate the maximum velocity and maximum displacement it
attain
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The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by :

a(t) = At Bt2, where A = 1.5 m/s3 and B = 0.12 m/s4 .
v(t) = 0+ (1.5m/s3)t2 (1/3)(0.12m/s4)t3 , at t = 0 vo = 0 (at rest)
v(t) = (0.75m/s3)t2 (0.04m/s4)t3
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5. Example :
Continuation :
and Position will be :

x(t) = xo + 0t [(0.75m/s3)t2 (0.04m/s4)t3] dt

Albalate
The motorcycle is at rest at the origin at t=0.

(a) Find the position and velocity as a function of time.
(b) Calculate the maximum velocity and maximum displacement it
attain
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The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by :

a(t) = At Bt2, where A = 1.5 m/s3 and B = 0.12 m/s4 .
x(t) = 0 + (1/3)(0.75m/s3)t3 (1/4)(0.04m/s4)t4 , at t = 0 xo = 0 (at origin)

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x(t) = (0.25m/s3)t3 (0.01m/s4)t4

Working Equations :
v(t) = (0.75m/s3)t2 (0.04m/s4)t3
x(t) = (0.25m/s3)t3 (0.01m/s4)t4
Continuation :

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(b.1) Maximum Velocity :
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a(t) = (1.5m/s3)t (0.12m/s4)t2
Set a(t) = 0, then solve for t :

a(t) = 1.5t 0.12t2 = 0
t(1.5 0.12t) = 0
t = 0 and t = (1.5/0.12) = 12.5 s
Subs in v(t)
v(12.5) = (0.75m/s3)(12.5s)2 (0.04m/s4)(12.5s)3
vmax = 39.0625 m/s
15

Working Equations :
x(t) = (0.25m/s3)t3 (0.01m/s4)t4
Continuation :
(b.2) Maximum Displacement:
Set v(t) = 0, then solve for t :
v(t) = 0.75t2 0.04t3 = 0
t2(0.75 0.04t) = 0
t = 0 and t = (0.75/0.04) = 18.75 s

Albalate
v(t) = (0.75m/s3)t2 (0.04m/s4)t3
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a(t) = (1.5m/s3)t (0.12m/s4)t2
Subs in x(t)
x(18.75) = (0.25m/s3)(18.75s)3 (0.01m/s4)(18.75s)4
xmax = 411.987 m
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Where:
VFX = VOX + aXt

s = VOXt + aXt2
VFX2 = VOX2 + 2aXs
VF? final velocity

VO? initial velocity
Note : if aX = 0 ; V = constant
s horizontal
displacement/distance traveled
a constant acceleration
EQUATIONS for PURELY VERTICAL MOTION (y-axis)
h vertical displacement/ height
VFY = VOY + gt
h = VOYt + gt2
g gravitational acceleration =
9.8 m/s2
Sign Convention (from origin) :
s : (+) & h : (+)
VFY2 = VOY2 + 2gh
V : (+) OR (+)
Note : aY = g
If object is free-fall or dropped VO = 0
At highest point reached velocity is zero
a : (+) if speeding up OR (+) ,

hence g = 9.8 m/s2

Albalate
EQUATIONS for PURELY HORIZONTAL MOTION (x-axis)
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FORMULA TABLE FOR MOTION HAVING

CONSTANT ACCELERATION
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MOTION HAVING CONSTANT ACCELERATION
Given :
VFX = 35 m/s
VFX = VOX + aXt
t = 25 s
s = VOXt + aXt2
VFX2 = VOX2 + 2aXs

Albalate
VOX = 10 m/s
Required :
aX
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6. A car is traveling along a straight road at 10 m/s. It accelerates uniformly for 25

seconds until it is moving at 35 m/s. What was the acceleration?
35 = 10 + aX(25)
35 = 10 + 25aX
35 10 = 25aX
25 = 25aX
(25/25) = aX
aX = +1 m/s2
Since the cars speed increases

aX is positive
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MOTION HAVING CONSTANT ACCELERATION
s = 50 m
t = 10 s
VFX = VOX + aXt
VFX = 2.5 m/s
VOX & aX
s = VOXt + aXt2
2.5 = VOX + aX(10)

2.5 = VOX + 10aX
VOX = 2.5 10 aX < eq. 1
VFX2 = VOX2 + 2aXs
50 = VOX (10) + aX(10)2

50 = 10VOX + 50aX < eq. 2
eq. 1 in eq.2
50 = 10(2.510aX) + 50aX
50 = 25 100aX + 50aX
50 25 = 100aX + 50aX
25 = 50aX
aX = 0.5 m/s2
a = 0.5 m/s2 (slowing down)
value of a in eq.1
VOX = 2.5 10( 0.5)

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Albalate
7. A car covers a distance of 50 m in 10 seconds while smoothly slowing down to a

final speed of 2.5 m/s.
A) Find the car's original speed.
B) Find the car's acceleration.
Given :
Required :
VOX = 2.5 + 5
VOX = 7.5 m/s
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8. A subway train starts from rest at a station and accelerates at a rate of 1.60 m/s2 for 8
sec. It runs at constant speed for 70 sec, and decelerates at 2.5 m/s2 until it stops at the
next station. Find the total distance (traveled) covered.
51.2 m
s2 =
s3 =
STN B
t = t = 8 sec
t = t = 70 sec
a =+1.6 m/s2
0
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STN A
a = 2.5 m/s2
a = 0 <constant speed>
1
xo =
x1 =
to =
t1 = 8 sec
Vo =
V1 = 12.8 m/s
From 0 to 1
s = Vot + at2
VF = VO + at
s1 = V0t + at2
V1 = V0 + at
s1 =(0)(8s) + (1.6 m/s2)(8s)2
V1 = 0 + (1.6 m/s2)(8s) = 12.8 m/s
s1 = 51.2 m

Albalate
s1 =
20
51.2 m
s2 =
896 m
s3 =
STN B
t = t = 8 sec
t = t = 70 sec
a =+1.6 m/s2
0
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STN A
a = 2.5 m/s2
1
xo =
x1 =
x2 =
x3 =
to =
t1 = 8 sec
t2 = 78 sec
t3 =
Vo =
V1 = 12.8 m/s
V2 = 12.8 m/s
V3 = 0
From 1 to 2
s = Vot + at2
VF = VO + at
s2 = V1t + at2
V2 = V1 + at
s2 =(12.8 m/s)(70s) + (0)(70s)2
V2 = 12.8 m/s + (0)(70s) = 12.8 m/s
s2 = 896 m

Albalate
s1 =
21
51.2 m
s2 =
896 m
s3 = 32.768 m
STN B
t = t = 8 sec
t = t = 70 sec
a =+1.6 m/s2
0
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STN A
a = 2.5 m/s2
1
xo =
x1 =
x2 =
x3 =
to =
t1 = 8 sec
t2 = 78 sec
t3 =
Vo =
V1 = 12.8 m/s
V2 = 12.8 m/s
V3 = 0
From 2 to 3
VF2 = VO2 + 2as
2
V3 = V2 + 2as3
(0)2 = (12.8m/s)2 + 2( 2.5 m/s2)(s3)
163.84m2/s2 = 5 m/s2(s3)
s3 = 32.768 m

Albalate
s1 =
sT = 51.2 m + 896m + 32.768 m
sT = 979.968 m 980 m
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MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE (y-axis)

Case 1 : Object Going Downward
VO
If object is released without initial
velocity (Vo = 0) it is considered a
freely falling body
t
y or h
tF
yF
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yO

Albalate
tO
VF
23

Case 2 : Object Thrown Upward
y VH = V = 0
t1
y or h
yO
tO
Going Up
VO
tH
y VH = V = 0

Albalate
tH
t2
tF
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At the highest level the velocity is zero
yF
VF
Going Down = Free Fall
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y = h
Acceleration here is a fixed value called the
gravitational acceleration (g)
g= 9.8 m/s2 = 980 cm/s2 = 32 ft/s2

Albalate
The displacement is now VERTICAL. We refer to it

as HEIGHT.
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For Motion along Y-Axis
25
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE (Y-AXIS)
h = vOt + gt2
vF2 = vO2 + 2gh
Sign Convention for gravitational

acceleration (g) ALWAYS NEGATIVE
g = 9.8 m/s2 = 980 cm/s2

(metric system)
g = 32 ft/s2
For Height & Velocity The
sign convention would just
tell if the object is going
down () or up (+).
(english system)

Albalate
vF = vO + gt
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General Equations for Linear Motion (Y-axis)
26
Sample Problems :
Required :
VO & time in air (T)
g = 9.8 m/s
VF = VO + gt
VH = 0
h = VOt + gt2
02 = VO2 + 2(-9.8)(0.75)
0 = VO2 14.7
2
VO = 14.7
VO = 3.834 m/s
h=0.75m
VO
VF2 = VO2 + 2gh

VF = VO + gt
0 = 3.834 +(-9.8)t
9.8t = 3.834

Albalate
Given :
h = 0.75 m
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1. If a flea can jump to a height of 0.75 m, what is its initial velocity as it

leave the ground? For how much time is it in the air?
t = 3.834/9.8
t = 0.39 s
this is only going up, but this is also the same time
going down, hence T = 2t = 0.78 s
27
Sample Problems :
2. A brick is dropped from the roof of a building. The brick strikes the
ground after 5 seconds.
VO = 0
h = vOt + gt2
h = (0)(5) + (-9.8)(5)2
h = 122.5 m
t = 5s
h=?
VF = ?
() sign here means

below the reference or
starting point.
h =122.5 m (down)
vF = vO + gt
VF = 0 +(-9.8)(5)
VF = 49 m/s
() sign here means
going down.

Albalate
b. What is the magnitude of the bricks velocity just before it reaches

the ground?
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a. How tall, in meters, is the building (magnitude only)?
VF = 49 m/s (downward)
28
Sample Problems :
3. A student throws a water balloon vertically downward from the top of
a building. The balloon leaves the throwers hand with a speed of 15
m/s.
c. What is the magnitude of the velocity after falling 10 m?

c. VF @ h = -10 m
a. VF in 5 sec
VO = -15 m/s
vF2 = vO2 + 2gh
vF = vO + gt
VF = -15 + (-9.8)(5)
VF = - 64 m/s
VF = 64 m/s (downward)
vF2 = (-15)2 + 2(-9.8)(-10)

vF2 = 225 +196 = 421

Albalate
b. How far does it fall in 2 seconds?
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a. What is its speed in 5 seconds?
vF = 20.51 m/s
b. h in 2 sec
VF = ?
(-9.8)(2)2
h =(-15)(2) +
h = 49.6 m (down)
= -49.6 m
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PROJECTILE MOTION
Consider a projectile (ball) thrown at an angle instead of horizontally

Albalate
A Projectile is any body that is given initial velocity and then follows a
path determined by the effects of gravitational acceleration & air
resistance.
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- Motion along a curved path or trajectory

- Elements of BOTH straight line motion & freely-falling bodies
apply here.
30
Projectile Motion Curvillinear Translation

+y
Vy = 0
V1
V1x
V2
ymax or H
V2y
Vo
Voy
V2x
VFx
(0,0)
Origin
Vox
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V = Vx
+x
R
VFy
VF
* VF = Velocity @ impact 0
VFx = x-comp of VF
VFy = y-comp of VF
VO = Initial/Project Velocity
VOx = x-comp of VO
VOy = y-comp of VO
V = Velocity @ Highest point
Vx = x-comp of V
Vy = y-comp of V
Vn = Velocity @ a certain point
Vnx = x-comp of V1x, V2x..etc
Vny = y-comp of V1y, V2y..etc
Ex V1, V2

Albalate
V1y
31
Projectile Motion Consider X components :

Analyze using Motion along a Straight Line
Vox = VO cos {x-component of VO}
V = Vx = Vox
t
V2x = Vox
V1x
= Vox
VFx = Vox
(0,0)
Origin
+x
Vox

Albalate
+y
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For a projectile , the HORIZONTAL component

of the velocity is CONSTANT
Using Kinematics Equation (2) to

determine s at any time (t)
s = VOXt +
aXt2
Since VX s are the same :

Hence aX = 0
s = VOXt
32
Projectile Motion Consider Y components :

Analyze using Freely Falling Bodies
Voy = VO sin {y-component of VO}

Vy = 0
V1y
t
h
Voy
V2y
(0,0)
Origin
+x
Using Kinematics Equation (2) to determine h at any

time (t)
h = VOYt +
aYt2
VFy
aY = g = 9.8m/s2 = 980cm/s2 = 32 ft/s2

h = VOYt + gt2

Albalate
+y
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For a projectile , the VERTICAL component of the

velocity is NOT CONSTANT
33
PROJECTILE MOTION EQUATIONS

VOY = VOsin
VnY = VOY + gt
VOX = VX = V1x = V2x = VnX
S = VOX t
VY = 0
h = VOY t + gt2
VnY2 = VOY2 + 2gh
g= 9.8 m/s2 = 980 cm/s2 = 32 ft/s2
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VOX = VOcos
Y - Component

Albalate
X - Component
34
VOY = VO sin
@ H , VY = 0
t=?
VY = VOY + gt
0 = + VO sin + g t
t = (VO sin) / g
H = VOYt + gt2
but we are using g as 9.8 m/s

H = VOYt gt2
VOX= VO cos
t = (VO sin) / g
R = {(VO cos )} {2(VO sin) / g}

R = VO2 [2(cos )(sin)] / g
Recall : sine of sum of two angles
sin (+) = cos sin + sin cos
g [(VO sin)]2
2 g2
(VOsin )(VOsin )
H=
H=
s=R
T = 2t = (2VO sin) / g
0 = + VO sin gt
H=
R = VOXT
T=?
but we are using g as 9.8 m/s
(VOsin )2
g
s = VOXt
(VO sin)2
2g
)2
(VOsin
2g
Let =
sin (2) = cos sin + sin cos
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H = VOYt + gt2
RANGE [ R ]

Albalate
MAXIMUM HEIGHT [ H ]
h = VOYt + gt2
h=H
sin (2) = 2cos sin
R = [ VO 2 (sin 2) ] / g
35
TIME TO REACH THE

MAXIMUM HEIGHT [ tH ]
RANGE [ R ]
TIME TO REACH THE END OF
RANGE [ tR ]
tH = VOY/g = (VO sin)/g

R = [VO2 (sin 2)] / g
tR = R/VOX = R/(VO cos)
Or
tR = 2tH = (2VO sin) / g

Note :
g=+ 9.8 m/s2 = + 980 cm/s2 = + 32 ft/s2
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H = VOY2/(2g) = (VOsin)2/(2g)
Albalate
MAXIMUM HEIGHT [ H ]
36
COMMON LEVEL VELOCITY

+y
V1x
V3y
V3
V2y
V3x
|V1|= |V2|
V2
V4x
V4y
Voy
(0,0)
Origin
V2x
V = Vx
|V3| = |V4|
V4
Vo
VFx
Vox
VFy
+x
VF
Due to its trajectory, the projectile passes again the same vertical level going
down, Velocity at that level are equal in magnitude, with their vertical
components, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and their
horizontal components perfectly equal.
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V1

Albalate
V1y
Vy = 0
37
|V1| = |V2|
V1y = V2y
V1x= V2x
|V3| = |V4|
V3y = V4y
V3x= V4x
Projectile Motion Projectile fired horizontally

+y
VOy = Vy =0
Here VO = Vx
All previous equations are

useful.
V1x
V1
ymax or H
EXCEPT : Range & Max.

Height
V1y
VFx
+x
x
y
VFy
VF
VFx = x-comp of VF
VFy = y-comp of VF
VO = Initial/Project Velocity
VOx = x-comp of VO
VOy = y-comp of VO
V = Velocity @ Highest point
Vx = x-comp of V
Vy = y-comp of V
Vn = Velocity @ a certain point
Vnx = x-comp of V1x, V2x..etc
Vny = y-comp of V1y, V2y..etc
Ex V1, V2
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VO

Albalate
(0,0)
Origin
38
Projectile Motion Projectile beyond the range

+y
Vy =0
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V2x
V2
H
V2y
F
R
+x
VFx
VFy
y
VFx
VF

Albalate
At point F : Set VF as your initial velocity. Then apply the principles

39
of horizontally fired projectile, but note that VFy is NOT zero
1. A bullet is fired at an initial velocity of 350 m/s and at an angle of 50 with

the horizontal. Neglecting air resistance. Determine:
Required
Vo = 350 m/s, = 50 ,
(a) Range, (b) travel time - T
Solution
(b) T
Using Highest Point
(a) Range
Where Vy = 0
R = Vo2 (sin 2) / g
Vy = Voy + gt
R = (350 m/s)2 (sin 100) / (9.8 m/s2)
Voy = Vo sin = (+350 m/s) (sin 50)
R = 12,310.1 m
Voy = +268.116 m/s
R = 12.3 km
Vy = Voy + gt
0 = +268.116 m/s + (-9.8 m/s2) t

t = (268.116 m/s) / (9.8
T = 2t, T = 54.717 s
m/s2)
= 27.359 s

Albalate
Given
8/31/2013
(a) The range, (b) The travel time of the bullet before hitting the ground
40
Required
Vo = 420 m/s, = 75 ,
h & s after t = 2 sec
Solution
h = Voy t + g
t2
Voy = Vo sin = (+420 m/s) (sin 75)

Voy = +405.689 m/s
s = Vox t
Vox = Vo cos = (+420 m/s) (cos 75)
Vox = +108.704 m/s
s = (108.704 m/s)(2s)
s = 217.407 m

Albalate
Given
8/31/2013
2. A bullet is fired at an angle of 75 with the horizontal with an initial velocity

of 420 m/s. How high can it travel after 2 seconds? How far horizontally did it
travel after that same 2 seconds?
h = (405.689 m/s)(2s) + (-9.8m/s2)(2s)2

h = (405.689 m/s)(2s) + (-9.8m/s2)(2s)2
h = + 791.778 m
41
Given
Required
Vo = 350 km/hr
S distance traveled by the bomb

horizontally from the point of release to
the ground

Albalate
H = 420 m
8/31/2013
3. A plane is flying horizontally at 350 km/hr at an altitude of 420 m. At this

instant, a bomb is released. How far horizontally from this point will the bomb
hit the ground?
H
420 m
42
S
3. A plane is flying horizontally at 350 km/hr at an altitude of 420 m. At this

instant, a bomb is released. How far horizontally from this point will the bomb
hit the ground?
Given
S = Voxt
(for horzontally fired projectile)
Vox = Vo = 350 km/hr
Voy = Vy = 0
H = 420 m
H = Voy t + gt2
- 420 m = (0)t + (-9.8m/s2)t2
- 420 = - 4.9 t2
H
t2 = (420/4.9) = 85.71
t = 9.26 sec
t = 9.26 sec *(1 hr/3600 sec)
t = 0.00257hr
420 m
S = (350 km/hr)(0.00257 hr)

S = 0.900 km = 900 m

Albalate
Vo = 350 km/hr
8/31/2013
Solution
43
4. A man in a hot-air baloon drops an apple at a height of 150 m. If the balloon

is rising at 15 m/s, find the highest point reached by the apple?
Required
Solution
= 90 ,
H = h1 + h
Vny2 = Voy2 + 2g(h)
h
H
Voy = Vo sin = (+15 m/s) (sin 90)

Voy = +15 m/s
0 = (15m/s)2 + 2(-9.8 m/s2)(h)
h1 = 150 m

Albalate
Vo = 15 m/s,
8/31/2013
Max height reached by the apple

(H)
Given
h = 11.468 m
H = 11.468 m + 150 m
H= 161.468 m
44
Required
Vo = 300 m/s, = 20,
T time for the ball to hit the ground
H = 30 m
Solution (Short Version)

h = VOYt + g t2
VOY = Vo sin = (+300 m/s) (sin 20)
VOY = +102.606 m/s
-30 m = (102.606)(T) + (-9.8m/s2)(T)2

Albalate
Given
8/31/2013
5. A ball is thrown from a tower 30 m high above the ground with a velocity of
300 m/s directed at 20 from the horizontal. How long will the ball hit the
ground?
4.9T2 102.606T 30 = 0
Using QF
45
T =21.228s
Simultaneous Events

Albalate
Kinematics analysis here would require to determine (find)

common quantity (-ies) such as displacement and/or time
8/31/2013
Two events (involving different objects) that happened at the

same time and/or place
46
Example 1
A ball was dropped from a 10 m tall building , at that same instant a stone was
propelled vertically upward starting from the ground with an initial velocity of 25m/s.
8/31/2013
(a) At what time (from the start) will both objects be at the same vertical height with
respect to the ground?
(b) At that said time, how far does :

Albalate
(b.1) the ball fall?

(b.2) the stone rise?
VOB = 0
hB = ?
H = 10 m
tB = ?
H = 10 m
hS = ?
VOS = + 2.5 m/s
tS = ?
47
Example 1
A ball was dropped from a 10 m tall building , at that same instant a stone was propelled vertically upward starting from the
ground with an initial velocity of 25m/s.
(a) At what time (from the start) will both objects be at the same vertical height with respect to the ground?
tB = tS = t
hB = ?
tB = ?
H = 10 m
hS = ?
Ball (Freely-falling body)
Stone
hB = VOB tB + gtB2
hS = VOS tS + gtS2
hB = (0.5)( 9.8)t2
hS = (25)t + (0.5)( 9.8)t2
hB = 4.9t2
hS = 25t 4.9t2
In terms of height : we see that : (considering absolute values)

tS = ?

Albalate
(a) When objects meet (even without collision) they will

meet at that location, point or level at the same time
8/31/2013
|H| = |hB| + hS
10 = +(4.9t2) + (25t 4.9t2)
10 = 25t , t = 10/25
t = 0.4 sec
48
Example 1
A ball was dropped from a 10 m tall building , at that same instant a stone was propelled vertically upward starting from the
ground with an initial velocity of 25m/s.
(a) At what time (from the start) will both objects be at the same vertical height with respect to the ground?
8/31/2013
hB = ?
tB = ?
H = 10 m
hS = ?
tS = ?

Albalate
Ball (Freely-falling body)
Stone
tB = t = 0.4 sec
tS = t = 0.4 sec
hB = 4.9(0.4)2
hS = 25(0.4) 4.9(0.4)2
hB = 0.784 m
hS = + 9.216 m
49
Example 2
VOE = 0
h = H hP = 46 m 1.8 m = 44.2 m
and again the time for the egg and the prof
(head) to meet is the same :
P6
h
BLDG
H = 46 m
tE = t P = t
VP = 1.2 m/s
hP = 1.8 m
S=?
Egg (Freely-falling body)
Prof
h = VOE tE + gtE2
S = VP tS
44.2 = (0)t + (0.5)( 9.8)t2
S = (1.2)t = (1.2)(3)
44.2 = 4.9t2
S = 3.6 m
t = 3.0 seconds

Albalate
The effective drop height is only
8/31/2013
You are on the roof of the Physics building 46 m above the ground. Your prof who is
1.8m tall, is walking along side the building at constant speed of 1.2 m/s. If you wish
to drop an egg on your prof, where should the prof be (S) when you release the
egg? Assume that the egg is in free-fall.
50
Example 3
(b) When she reaches the bus, how fast is the bus moving?

Albalate
(a) For how much time and what distance does the student have to run at 5m/s
before she overtakes the bus?
8/31/2013
A student is running at her top speed of 5m/s to catch a bus, which is stopped at the
bus stop. When the student is still 40m from the bus, it starts to pull away, moving
with a constant acceleration of 0.17 m/s2.
51

PHY10T2KINEMATICSCALULUS

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PHY10T2KINEMATICSCALULUS

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Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

Kinematics (from Greek , kinein, to move) is the branch of classical

Kinematics is the study of how things move.

XO : means initial position in x-axis

VF : means end reference velocity

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

Terms with the subscript O denotes initial or starting or original

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

Average Horizontal Velocity

Average Vertical Velocity

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

t= 40 mins, = 2400 sec

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

The scalar form of the equation is just :

We will consider again : Average Horizontal Velocity in the assumption that

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

VX = (XF XO) /t = (22891km 22487km) / (4 hr) = 101 km/hr

Average Horizontal Acceleration

Average Vertical Acceleration

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

It is therefore possible to reverse this order :

Where VO and XO are the initial position and velocity values at t = 0

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

CALCULUS BASED SOLUTIONS

CALCULUS BASED SOLUTIONS

x(t) = (0.160 m/s2)t2

v(t) = (0.32 m/s2)t

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

3. A hobbyist is testing a new model rocket engine by using it to propel a cart

v(3) = (0.32 m/s2)(3 s)

COMPARING AVERAGE AND

b. The magnitude of the instantaneous acceleration for t = 0 and t = 5 sec.

b. a(t) instantaneous for t = 0 & t = 5sec

aX = (vFX vOX)/(tF tO)

a(t) =dv/dt = 0 + 2(0.2)t

vOX = v(0) = 4 + 0.2(0)2 = 4 m/s

vFX = v(5) = 4 + 0.2(5)2 = 9 m/s

b.1 a @ t = 0 , a(0)= 0.4(0) = 0

aX =(9 m/s 4 m/s) / (5 s 0 s)

b.2 a @ t = 5 , a(5)= 0.4m/s3(5s) = 2 m/s2

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

a. The average acceleration for the time interval tO = 0 to tF = 5 sec.

v(t) = A + Bt2 , where A = 4 m/s & B = 0.2 m/s3 Calculate :

VELOCITIES & POSITION BY INTEGRATION

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

Determining Local Maximum (and Minimum) Values :

VELOCITIES & POSITION BY INTEGRATION

(a) Via integration : Velocity is :

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

The motorcycle is at rest at the origin at t=0.

The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by :

v(t) = 0+ (1.5m/s3)t2 (1/3)(0.12m/s4)t3 , at t = 0 vo = 0 (at rest)

v(t) = (0.75m/s3)t2 (0.04m/s4)t3

VELOCITIES & POSITION BY INTEGRATION

and Position will be :

Prepared by : Engr. M.E.

The motorcycle is at rest at the origin at t=0.

The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by :

x(t) = 0 + (1/3)(0.75m/s3)t3 (1/4)(0.04m/s4)t4 , at t = 0 xo = 0 (at origin)

x(t) = (0.25m/s3)t3 (0.01m/s4)t4

VELOCITIES & POSITION BY INTEGRATION

x(t) = (0.25m/s3)t3 (0.01m/s4)t4