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kg)
8. A silver ornament of mass m gram is polished with gold equivalent to 1% of the mass of silver.
Compute the ratio of the number of atoms of gold and silver in the ornament.
9. A sample of ethane (C2H6) gas has the same mass as 1.5 1020
10. What is the fraction of the mass of water due to neutrons?
11. Does the solubility of a substance change with temperature? Explain with the help of an
example.
12. Calculate the number of moles of magnesium present in a magnesium ribbon weighing 12 g.
Molar atomic mass of magnesium is 24g mol
-1
79
Br (49.7%) and
35
81
35
Br
will
(a) become a colloid (b) become a suspension (c) start showing Tyndall effect (d)
remain a true solution
10.A student was asked to mix the white of an egg with water and stir well. The
student observed that
(a) a transparent solution is formed.
(b) a translucent mixture is formed.
(c) egg white settles down at the bottom.
(d) egg white floats on the surface.
11.The reaction of iron and sulphur to form iron sulphide takes place at :
(a) at high temperature
(b) in the presence of a catalyst
(c) at moderate temperature
(d) in the presence of an acid
12.Which of the following compounds when dissolved in water gives coloured
solution ?
(a) barium chloride (b) sugar solution (c) sodium chloride (d) copper sulphate
13.For determining the accurate melting point of ice we should prefer
(a) ice made from distilled water
(b) ice made from tap water
(c) crushed dry ice mixed with salt
(d) a mixture of ice and salt
14.Mohan used a thermometer having 20 divisions between 30degC mark and
40degC mark. While determining boiling point of water using this thermometer he
observed that the level of mercury becomes constant just 3 division below the
100o C mark. Mohan should record in his note book
(a) Least count=0.5degC, B.P.=97degC
(b) L.C.=0.5degC, B.P.=98.5degC
(c) L.C.=1degC, B.P.=98.5degC
(d) L.C.=1degC , B.P.=97degC
15.Ramu was asked to separate a mixture of common salt and
ammonium chloride. Sublimation is used to separate ammonium chloride because :
(a) ammonium chloride sublimes
(b) ammonium chloride changes directly from solid to gaseous state on heating
(c) mixture contain a sublimable volatile component and a non Sublimable
impurity (salt)
(d) all the above
16.Which is the correct colour sequence of iron filings, sulphur and iron sulphide ?
(a) Greyish black, yellow, black
(b) Black, yellow, brown
(c) Brown, yellow, black
(d) Black , yellow, greyish black
17.The colour of magnesium after rubbing with sand paper is
(a) Silvery white
(b) Grey
(c) Black
(d) Brown
18.Common salt and sand can be separated by :
(a) Filtration
(b) Crystallisation
(c) Sedimentation and Decantation
(d) First dissolving in water, then by filtration and followed by crystallisation.
19.A student put five raisins each in two beakers A and B. Beaker A contained 20
mL ofdistilled water and beaker B has 20 mL of saturated sugar solution. After
some time the student would observe that :
(a) raisins in beaker A were more swollen than those in beaker B.
(ii)Al2(SO4)3
(iii) Ca(HCO3)2
26.The average atomic mass of a sample of an element X is 16.2u.What are the percentages of
isotopes 16X8and 18X8 in the sample.
27.(1) An ion M3+ has 10 electrons and 14 neutrons. What is the atomic number and mass
number of M.
(2) Write the electronic configuration of the following ions.
(1) Mg2+ (2) O2-
(3)S2-
(4) Na+
(5) N3-
28. (1) Which has more No.of atoms, 100g of Sodium or 100g of Iron
(Na =23u, Fe = 56u).
(2) Which has more No.of molecules, 4g of CH4 and 8g of H2O
[ H = 1u,
O = 16u,
C = 12u ]
29. (1) For the symbol, H,Dand T Calculate three subatomic particles found in each of them?
30.If Chlorine atom is available in the form of say two isotopes 17Cl35 (75%)and 17CL37(25%),
Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine atom.
5 Mark Questions:
31. (1) Explain Bohr model of an atom?
(2)Draw the Bohr model of the following atom
(1) Sodium (11Na23)
(2) Oxygen (8O16)
(3) Calcium (20Ca40)
32.(1) Calculate the molecular mass of the following :
(1) CH3-OH
(2) CuSO4.5H2O
(3) Ca(HCO3)2
colour. From the above test Deepak concluded that tur dal contains. (a) proteins (b)
starch (c) turmeric (d) metanil yellow HCl
23.A student recorded the mass of dry raisins as 2.5g and the mass of raisins after
soaking in water as 4 g . While performing the above experiment. The percentage
of water absorbed by raisin is :
(a) 20% (b) 30% (c) 60% (d) 40%
24.The mixture of sand and water when filtered gives.
(a) pale brown solution
(b) brown solution
(c) transparent solution
(d) grey solution
25. When a mixture of sulphur powder and iron filings is heated.
(a) iron filings starts melting
(b) sulphur sublimates leaving iron filling behind
(c) ferrous sulphide is formed. (d) sulphur melts
Saturday, August 11, 2012
b. kerosene + water
d. alum + water
c. water +milk
d. air
b. variable composition
d. none of these
c. heating in water
d. moving magnet
a. compound
b. colloid
c. true solution
d. each one
6. When a magnet is moved through of iron fillings and sulphur powder , then
a. iron fillings will cling to magnet
c. sulphur will cling to magnet
b. air
c. sea water
b. fusion
d. sublimation
b.cold drink
c .carbon d oxide
d. brass
11.What is observed when iron fillings and sulphur powder is heated in a china
dish
a. sulphur melts
b. iron melts
c. mixture evaporates
b. heterogeneous
d. none of these
b. heterogeneous
c. homogenous or heterogeneous
d. none of these
b. air
c. soil
d. water
b. compound is formed
d. no change
CBSE SOLVED TEST PAPERS CLASS - IX Science (Is matter around us pure)
MCQ 9th Questions on Practical Skills Experiment No.--1 Chemistry: Is Matter around us
Pure
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Fusion, latent heat of fusion, boiling point, latent heat of vaporization and sublimation. [3]
Thursday, September 20, 2012
6.(i) Name the process or the separation technique you would follow to
separate : (a) Dyes in black ink (b) Butter from cream (c)
Ammonium chloride and common salt (d) Iron filings and sand (ii) State
the principle used in separation by centrifugation.
7. Based on the following characteristics distinguish in tabular form the
behavior of true solution, suspension and colloidal solution. (a)
appearance (b) visibility (c) filterability (d) Tyndall effect (e) particle size
OR
(a) What is distillation ? List the two conditions essential for using this
as a method of separation of components of a mixture. (b) Draw a
labelled diagram of the apparatus used to separate a mixture of two
miscible liquids.
8..Compare in tabular form , the properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases
with respect to : (i) Shape (ii) Volume (iii) Compressibility (iv) Diffusion
(v) Fluidity or Rigidity
OR ,
Account for the following : (a) For any physical state of a substance, the
temperature remains constant during its change of state. (b) Water kept
in an earthen pot becomes cool in summer. (c) We are able to sip hot
tea from a saucer rather than from a cup.
Section B
09.If common salt is added to the unsaturated solution of water and
common salt it will
(a) become a colloid (b) become a suspension (c) start showing Tyndall
effect (d) remain a true solution
10.A student was asked to mix the white of an egg with water and stir
well. The student observed that
(a) a transparent solution is formed.
is formed.
11.The reaction of iron and sulphur to form iron sulphide takes place
at :
(a) at high temperature
catalyst
(b) L.C.=0.5degC,
(d) L.C.=1degC ,
(b) Grey
(c) Black
(d) Brown
(b) Crystallisation
22.Deepak washed a few grains of tur dal in water. The water became
yellow. He then added a few drops of HCl to the same test tube, the
water turned pink in colour. From the above test Deepak concluded that
tur dal contains. (a) proteins (b) starch (c) turmeric (d) metanil yellow
HCl
23.A student recorded the mass of dry raisins as 2.5g and the mass of
raisins after soaking in water as 4 g . While performing the above
experiment. The percentage of water absorbed by raisin is :
(a) 20% (b) 30% (c) 60% (d) 40%
24.The mixture of sand and water when filtered gives.
(a) pale brown solution
4. All nuclei contain protons and neutrons, except for the hydrogen which contains protons. only
Modern Atomic Model
1. The atomic model in the present day is based on the contributions of the above scientists.
2. According to the modern atomic model,
(a) The central nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. It containing almost all the mass of the
atom.
(b) the nucleus of an atom is very small compared to the size of the atom
(c) the electrons are orbiting outside the nucleus in the electron shells(d) the electrons are
moving in electron shells at a very high speed and we cannot determine theposition of the
electrons at a particular time
The subatomic particles of an atom
1. Atoms are made up of tiny particles called subatomic particles.
2. An atom contains three types of subatomic particles:a. proton,b. neutron andc. electron,
3. The proton and neutron form the nucleus at the centre of an atom.
4. The electron moves around the nucleus at a very high speed.
5. The nucleus is positively charged because of the presence of protons, which are
positivelycharged. The neutrons are neutral.
Proton number and nucleon number
Proton Number
1. The proton number (Z) represent the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton number = the number of protons
2. The proton number is also known as the atomic number.
3. In an atom of neutral charge, the number of electrons also equals the atomic number.
4. Hence, the proton number of an atom can also represent the number of electrons.
Nucleon Number
1. The nucleon number (A), also called atomic mass number or mass number, is the number
ofprotons plus the number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
Nucleon number = Number of protons + Number of Neutrons
The nucleon number of an atom is about the same as the mass of the atom because the mass of
anelectron is very small and can be ignored.
Continued>>>>>>>>>>
Read more to excel
IX Atomic Structure ( a fundamental particles) Discovery of Electron
9th Atomic Structure (Discovery of a fundamental particle protons)
9th Atoms and Molecules
2. Compute the difference in masses of 103 moles each of magnesium atoms and magnesium
ions.
31
kg)
8. A silver ornament of mass m gram is polished with gold equivalent to 1% of the mass of silver.
Compute the ratio of the number of atoms of gold and silver in the ornament.
9. A sample of ethane (C2H6) gas has the same mass as 1.5 1020
-1
79
35
Br (49.7%) and
81
35
Br
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each one
of them
(a) Caustic potash(b) Baking powder
(c) Lime stone
(d) Caustic soda
(e) Ethanol
(f) Common salt
Q12 Give the chemical formulae of the following compounds and compute the
ratio by
mass of the combining elements in each of them
(a) Ammonia
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Hydrogen chloride
(d) Aluminium fluoride
(e) Magnesium sulphide
Q13 Does the solubility of the substance changes with temperature? Explain with
the
help of an example.
Q14 Give the formulae of the compounds formed from the following sets of
elements
(a) Calcium and fluorine
(b) Hydrogen and sulphur
(c) Nitrogen and hydrogen
(d) Carbon and chlorine
(e) Sodium and oxygen
(f) Carbon and oxygen
Q15 Wrire all the postulates of Daltons atomic theory.
CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT-2 CLASS-9 ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Q1 State law of conservation of mass.
Ans The mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Q2 State law of constant proportion.
Ans A pure chemical compound always consists of the same elements that are
combined together in a fixed proportion by mass.
Q4 Define atomic mass unit.
Ans The mass of one twelfth (1/12) of the mass of one atom of carbon taken as
12.
Q5 What are molecules?
Ans Molecules represents a group of two or more atoms(same or different)
chemically bonded to each other and held tightly by strong attractive forces.
Molecules are of two types
(a) Molecules of elements
Ans In the text part we use the word mole while as a unit ,we call it mol.
Q13 How many moles are present in 11.5 g of sodium?
Ans Gram atomic mass of Na =23g
11.5g of Na represents= (1mol)*(11.5g)/23.5g)=0.5 mol
Q14 Explain why the number of atoms in one mole of hydrogen gas is double
the number of atoms in one mole of helium gas?
Ans Hydrogen gas is a diatomic in nature(H2) while helium gas is monoatomic
(He).As a result, the number of atoms in one mole of hydrogen(2*NA )are
expected to be double as compared to number of atoms in one mole of
helium(NA)
Q15An element Z forms an oxide with formula Z2O3. What is its valency?
Ans Valency of Z=3
(b) anions -
negatively charged
Q19 Which postulate of Daltons Atomic theory is the basis of law of
conservation of mass?
Ans Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during a physical or a
chemical change
Q20 Write the formulae of sodium oxide and aluminium chloride
Ans Sodium oxide = Na2O
Q21 Find out the ratio by mass of the combining elements in the following
compounds
(a) MgCO3
Ans21
(b) CH3OH
(c) CaCl2
Ozone O3 = 3
Neon Ne =1
Sulphur S8 =8
Q24 What is wrong with the statement '1 mol of hydrogen'
Ans The statement is not correct.We must always write whether hydrogen is in
atomic form or molecular form. The correct statement is :
1mole of hydrogen
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= 1 mole
=1/6.022 X 1023 mole
= [(1/6.022 X 1023) x 12.044 X 1023 ]moles
Number of moles
/Avogadro number)]
Sample Problem 3. How many moles are there in 5 grams of calcium?
Sample Problem 4. How many moles there in 12.044 X 1023 atoms of
phosphorous?
Sample Problem 5. Calculate the mass of 0.5 mole of Nitrogen atoms.
Solution. We know that, Molar mass of of Nitrogen atoms 14 g
The mass of 1 mole of Nitrogen atoms = 14 g
The mass of 0.5 mole of Nitrogen atoms = 14x 0.5 g = 7 g
Alternate method,
Mass = Number of moles X Molar mass
Or,
= 0.5 X 14 = 7 g
Sample Problem 9 If one mole of Carbon atoms weigh 12 grams, what is mass
in grams of a single atom of Carbon?
Sample Problem 10. Calculate the mass of 0.5 mole of N2 gas.
Sample Problem 11. Convert 12.044 X 1022 molecules of Sulphur dioxide into
moles?
Sample Problem 12. In which case the number of Hydrogen atoms is more- 2
mol of HCl
or 1 mol of NH3?
Sample Problem 13 . An ornament of silver contains 20 gram silver. Calculate
the moles of silver present.
Sample Problem 14. If 1 g sulphur dioxide contains x molecules, what will be
the number
of molecules in 1 g of methane?
Sample Problem 15. Calculate the number of aluminium ions present in 0.051
g of aluminium oxide.
Sample Problem 16. How many grams of neon will have the same number of
atoms as 4 g of calcium?
Sample Problem 17. Calculate the number of iron atoms in a piece of iron
weighing 2.8 grams.
Sample Problem 18. What is the mass of 3 moles of Zinc?
Sample Problem 19 : What is the ratio of molecules present in 6.6 grams of
CO2 and 3.2 grams of SO2?
Sample Problem 20. If one gram of Sulphur contains x atoms, what will be the
number of atoms in one gram of oxygen? (atomic mass of S = 32u)
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5. The difference in the mass of 100 moles each of sodium atoms and sodium ions is
5.48002 g. Compute the mass of an electron.
6. Cinnabar (HgS) is a prominent ore of mercury. How many grams of mercury are present in
225 g of pure HgS? Molar mass of Hg and S are 200.6 g /mol and 32 g/ mol respectively.
7. The mass of one steel screw is 4.11g. Find the mass of one mole of these steel screws.
Compare this value with the mass of the Earth (5.98 1024kg). Which one of the two is
heavier and by how many times?
8. A sample of vitamin C is known to contain 2.58 1024 oxygen atoms. How many moles of
oxygen atoms are present in the sample?
9. Compute the difference in masses of 103 moles each of magnesium atoms and
magnesium ions. (Mass of an electron = 9.11031 kg)
10. Compute the number of ions present in 5.85 g of sodium chloride.
11. A gold sample contains 90% of gold and the rest copper. How many atoms of gold are
present in one gram of this sample of gold?
12. Compute the difference in masses of one mole each of aluminium atoms and one mole
of its ions. (Mass of an electron is 9.11028 g). Which one is heavier?
13. A silver ornament of mass m gram is polished with gold equivalent to 1% of the mass of
silver. Compute the ratio of the number of atoms of gold and silver in the ornament.
14. A sample of ethane (C2H6) gas has the same mass as 1.5 1020 molecules of methane
(CH4). How many C2H6 molecules does the sample of gas contain?
15. Fill in the blanks
(a) In a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products remains
unchanged. This is called .
(b) A group of atoms carrying a fixed charge on them is called .
(c) The formula unit mass of Ca3 (PO4)2 is .
(d) Formula of sodium carbonate is and that of ammonium sulphate is .
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The direction of deflection indicates that the cathode rays constitute negatively charged particles.
Matter in Our Surroundings
At this temperature, after getting the heat equal to the latent heat of fusion, the solid form of
water i.e., ice starts changing into its liquid form i.e., wat...
Class 8th solved Question Combustion and Flame by ...
What is combustion? Ans: Combustion: - The chemical process in which a substance reacts with
oxygen to produce heat is called combustion.
9th chemistry Self-evaluation on Mole concept
Mass = Number of moles X Molar mass Sample Problem 9 If one mole of Carbon
atoms weigh 12 grams, what is mass in grams of a single atom o...
atoms and molecules class 9 Solved questions For F...
Ans Hydrogen gas is a diatomic in nature(H2) while helium gas is monoatomic (He).As a result,
the number of atoms in one mole of hydrogen(2*NA )are expected to ...
Concepts to explore:
Organic compounds
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, Organic Compounds, Carboxylic,Ketones
Chemical properties
Chemical properties,Characteristic properties,Inert, Miscible
Acid-base chemistry
Acid base theories, PH value, Acidified,Amphoteric
Thermodynamic properties
Calorific Value, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization,Activity
Chemical reactions
Chemical Reactions,Homogeneous, Reducing agent, Oxidized
Chemical bonding
Valence Electrons,Covalent Bonding, Shared pair, Hydrophilic
Subatomic particles
Fundamental particles,Subatomic Particles,Nucleus
Water chemistry
Hydronium ions, Water Pollution, H2O
Corrosion
Rusting, Coated,Sulphides, Corrode
Phase changes
Evaporates, Boiling water,Crystallisation, Change Of State
ednesday, July 27, 2011
1. Why does a rider feel a tendency to fall when the horse starts running of stops
suddenly?
Ans: This is caused by inertia. When the horse starts running, the rider, being at rest, falls
back. When a running horse stops suddenly, the rider being in motion has a tendency to fall
ahead.
2. Why does a person carrying a bucket full of water in his right hand bend towards the
left?
Ans: He bends towards his left so that the centre of gravity falls within the base. This enables
him to keep up balance, otherwise he may fall.
3. Why does tea cool more rapidly in a saucer than in a cup?
Ans: In a saucer evaporation takes place more rapidly than in a cup. Cooling is caused by
evaporation.
4. Ice packed in sawdust does not melt quickly. Why?
Ans: Ice packed in sawdust does not melt quickly, because sawdust being bad conductor, it
cuts the heat rays.
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Its flavor is unique and versatile, salt has been a staple throughout time. Enhancing almost
every dish, salt is added to breads, meats, fruits and vegetables to sauces and desserts.
Texture Aid in bread making, allows the dough to rise by giving helping the gluten hold more
water and carbon dioxide. In meats it improves tenderness and in cheeses it aids in consistency
of the cheese and the hardness of the rind.
Binder in processed meats it helps retain water which reduces the loss of meat when cooking.
Color Developer in ham, bacon, and other processed meats it helps obtain the desired color.
It also helps create a golden crust for breads.
Pickling
Cheese production Sauerkraut production Summer sausage production
Read more
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Ans: Sodium bicarbonate is an amphoteric compound. Aqueous solutions are mildly alkalinedue
to the formation of carbonic acid and hydroxide ion:
NaHCO 3 + H2O H2CO3 + OH
Question: Why is an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride acidic in nature?
A basic component is the one that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in
water. In aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, ammonium ions (NH4+) first
associate with H2O and form ammonia and hydroxide ions.
NH4Cl + H2O = NH4+ + HCl ( equation 1)
NH4+ + H2O = NH3 + OH- (equation 3)
Since ammonium ions produce hydroxide ions, NH4+ are considered to be the basic
components.
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Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 1. It is
highly flammable and
Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 kelvin (196 C, 321 F). More nitrogen facts.
Around 1% of the suns mass is oxygen. More oxygen facts.
Helium is lighter than the air around us so it floats, that's why it is perfect for
the balloons you get at parties. More helium facts.
Carbon comes in a number of different forms (allotropes), these include diamond,
graphite and impure forms such as coal. More carbon facts, diamond facts, and coal
facts.
Although it is still debated, it is largely recognized that the word 'chemistry' comes from
an Egyptian word meaning 'earth'.
The use of various forms of chemistry is believed to go back as long ago as the
Ancient Egyptians. By 1000 BC civilizations were using more complex forms of
chemistry such as using plants for medicine, extracting metal from ores, fermenting
wine and making cosmetics.
Things invisible to the human eye can often be seen under UV light, which comes in
Hydrogen Facts
creator).
Hydrogen gas has the molecular formula H2. At room temperature and under standard
pressure conditions, hydrogen is a gas that is tasteless, odorless and colorless.
Hydrogen can exist as a liquid under high pressure and an extremely low temperature
of 20.28 kelvin (252.87C, 423.17 F). Hydrogen is often stored in this way as liquid
hydrogen takes up less space than hydrogen in its normal gas form. Liquid hydrogen
is also used as a rocket fuel.
Under extreme compression hydrogen can also make a transition to a state known as
metallic hydrogen. Laboratory research into this area is ongoing as scientists continue
efforts to produce metallic hydrogen at low temperature and static compression
Nitrogen Facts
Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number of 7.
Under normal conditions nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas.
Nitrogen makes up around 78% of the air you breathe.
Nitrogen is present in all living things, including the human body and plants.
Nitrogen gas is used in food storage to keep packaged or bulk foods fresh. It is also
used in the making of electronic parts, for industrial purposes and has many other
useful applications.
Nitrogen gas is often used as an alternative to carbon dioxide for storing beer in
pressurized kegs. The smaller bubbles it produces is preferred for some types of beer.
Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, has an atmosphere nearly entirely made of nitrogen
(over 98%). It is the only moon in our solar system known to have a dense
atmosphere.
Nitrogen is in a liquid state when at a very low temperature. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77
kelvin (196 C, 321 F). It is easily transported and has many useful applications
including storing items at cold temperatures, in the field of cryogenics (how materials
behave at very low temperatures), as a computer coolant (a fluid used to prevent
overheating), removing warts and much more.
Decompression sickness (also known as the bends) involves nitrogen bubbles forming
in the bloodstream and other important areas of the body when people depressurize
too quickly from scuba diving. Similar situations can occur for astronauts and those
working in unpressurized aircraft.
Nitrous oxide (also known as laughing gas or by its chemical formula N2O) is used in
hospitals and dental clinics as an anesthetic (removing or reducing pain and general
awareness for various surgeries).
Nitrous oxide is also used in motor racing to increase the power of engine and speed
of the vehicle. When used for this purpose it is often referred to as nitrous or NOS.
Nitrous oxide is a considerable greenhouse gas and air pollutant. By weight is has
nearly 300 times more impact than carbon dioxide.
Nitroglycerin is a liquid used to create explosives such as dynamite. It is often used in
the demolition and construction industries as well as by the military.
Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid often used in the production of fertilizers.
Ammonia (NH3) is another nitrogen compound commonly used in fertilizers.
Oxygen Facts
Oxygen is an element with the chemical symbol O and atomic number 8.
Oxygen is a very reactive element that easily forms compounds such as oxides.
Under standard temperature and pressure conditions two oxygen atoms join to form
dioxygen (O2), a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas.
Oxygen is essential to human life, it is found in the air we breathe and the water we
drink (H20).
Oxygen makes up around 21% of the air you breathe. It is also the most common
element in the Earths crust (around 47%) and the third most common element in the
Universe (but far less than hydrogen and helium, the two most common).
The large amount of oxygen on Earth is supported by the oxygen cycle which involves
the movement of oxygen between the air, living things and the Earths crust.
Photosynthesis (a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds using
sunlight) plays a major role in this cycle.
Ozone (O3) is an allotrope (different form) of oxygen that combines three oxygen
atoms together. While ground level ozone is an air pollutant, the ozone layer in the
Earths upper atmosphere provides protection from the suns harmful rays by filtering
UV light.
The suns mass is made up of around 1% oxygen.
Between 1770 and 1780, Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, British