Cea 4022

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PROPERTY INSURANCE COMMITTEE

Prevention Specifications
Specifications for Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems

Requirements and Test Methods for Aspirating Smoke
Detectors
CEA 4022: December 1999 (en)

(EFSAC endorsed)
Copyright by CEA 3 bis, rue de la Chausse dAntin 75009 PARIS
CONTENTS
1
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION.......................................................................................................... 3
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................... 3
3
3.1
3.2
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................... 3

Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Abbreviations....................................................................................................................................................... 4
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Compliance .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Individual alarm indication.................................................................................................................................. 4
Connection of ancillary devices........................................................................................................................... 4
Manufacturer's adjustments ................................................................................................................................. 4
Sensitivity adjustment.......................................................................................................................................... 4
Fire sensitivity ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Response to slowly developing fires ................................................................................................................... 5
Maximum transport time ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Mechanical strength of the pipework................................................................................................................... 6
Sampling holes..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Airflow monitoring.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Power supplies..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Marking and data ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Documentation..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Requirements for software controlled detectors .................................................................................................. 7
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
TESTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
General................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Repeatability ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Reproducibility .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Variation in supply parameters (e.g. voltage).................................................................................................... 12
Dry heat (operational)........................................................................................................................................ 12
Cold (operational).............................................................................................................................................. 13
Damp heat, steady state (operational)................................................................................................................ 14
Damp Heat, steady state (endurance) ................................................................................................................ 15
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance) ................................................................................................... 16
Shock (operational)............................................................................................................................................ 17
Impact (operational)........................................................................................................................................... 18
Vibration, sinusoidal, (operational) ................................................................................................................... 19
Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance)...................................................................................................................... 20
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Immunity tests .................................................................................... 21
Fire sensitivity (Room Protection)..................................................................................................................... 21
Fire sensitivity (Local Protection) ..................................................................................................................... 22
Fire sensitivity (Duct Protection)....................................................................................................................... 22
ANNEX A TYPICAL APPARATUS FOR RTV MEASUREMENTS. ......................................................... 23
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This CEA specification specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for aspirating smoke detectors for use
in fire detection and fire alarm systems installed in buildings.
NOTE. Certain types of detector contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation protection differ from country to country and they
are not therefore specified in this specification. Such detectors should, however, comply with the national requirements, which should be in line with the
recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
REFERENCES
This CEA specification incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references,
subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this specification only when incorporated in it
by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
IEC 68-2
Basic environmental testing procedures : Part 2 Tests :
68-2-1
Tests A: Cold. (Fifth edition 1990).
68-2-2
Tests B: Dry heat. (Fourth edition 1974 & Supplement 68-2-2A 1976).
68-2-56
Test Cb: Damp heat, steady state, primarily for equipment. (First edition 1988).
68-2-6
Test Fc: Vibration, sinusoidal (sixth edition 1995).
68-2-27
Test Ea: Shock (Third edition 1987).
68-2-42
Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and connections. (Second edition 1982).
68-2-63
Test Eg: Impact, Spring Hammer. (First edition 1991).
EN 54
Fire detection and fire alarm systems:
54-1 Part 1: Introduction (1996).

54-4 Part 4: Power supply equipment (1998).
54-7 Part 7: Point type smoke detectors - Detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization. (1984),
including amendment 1 (1988).
54-9 Part 9: Fire sensitivity tests (1982).
EN 50086-1
Conduit systems for electrical installations; Part 1: General requirements (1993).
EN 50130-4
Alarm systems, Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility, Product family standard: Immunity requirements
for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems (1995).
CEA GEI 1-032 Aspirating Systems, Final Report (1995).

CEA GEI 1-034 Aspirating Systems, Constructional details of the set-up (1995).
OECD
3
3.1
Recommendations for ionization chamber smoke detectors in implementation of radiation protection

standards. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris,
France. (1977).
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Definitions
For the purposes of this CEA specification, the following definitions and those given in EN 54-1: 1996 apply:
3
3.1.1
aspirating smoke detector: A smoke detector, in which air is drawn into sampling pipe(s) and carried to one or
more smoke sensing parts by aspirator(s) (e.g. a pump).
Note: Each smoke sensing part may contain more than one smoke sensor exposed to the same smoke sample.
3.1.2
response threshold value (RTV): The Response threshold value of an aspirating detector specimen is the
aerosol concentration measured at the moment that the specimen generates an alarm signal, when it is tested as
described in Clause 5.1.5.
3.1.3
transport time: The time for aerosols to transfer from the sampling point to the smoke sensing device, in an
installed system.
3.1.4
conditioning: The exposure of a specimen to environmental conditions in order to determine the effect of such
conditions on the specimen.
3.1.5
recovery: Treatment of a specimen, after conditioning, in order that the properties of the specimen may be
stabilised before measurement.
3.2
Abbreviations
For the purposes of this CEA specification, the following abbreviations apply:
3.2.1
EMC: Electromagnetic compatibility.
3.2.2
DUT: Detector under test.
3.2.3
CPC: Condensation particle counter.
4
4.1
REQUIREMENTS
Compliance
In order to comply with this specification the detector shall meet the requirements of this clause, which shall be verified by
inspection and engineering assessment, shall be tested as described in clause 5 and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2
Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with integral red visual indicator(s), visible from outside the detector, by which the
individual smoke sensing part(s) (see 3.1.1), which released an alarm, can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset.
4.3
Connection of ancillary devices
The detector may provide for connections to ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control relays etc.), but open- or
short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
4.4
Manufacturer's adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer's settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a special code or tool)
or by breaking or removing a seal.
4.5
Sensitivity adjustment
4
NOTE: The effective fire sensitivity of an aspirating detector is dependent upon both the sensitivity settings of the detector (i.e. the response
threshold value) and the design of the sampling pipework. Many types of aspirating detectors therefore have facilities to adjust the sensitivity to
suit the application and pipework etc.
If there is provision for field-adjustment of the sensitivity of the detector then:

a)
Access to the means of adjustment shall be limited by the need for the use of tools or a special code;
b)
It shall be possible to determine what sensitivity settings have been selected and to relate these to documentation
which describes the sensitivity settings required for different pipework arrangements.
NOTE: These adjustments may be made at the detector or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.6
Fire sensitivity
Due to the inherent flexibility in the design of sampling pipework systems, aspirating detectors are generally intended for
use in many varied and often rather specialised applications. It is not therefore possible to conduct type tests which define
acceptance criteria for all of these applications. The following are considered as general headings for some of the typical
applications and some type tests are given for these to show that the detector has a basic suitability for the application:
a)
Room protection: general fire detection in normal rooms or spaces, giving, for example, at least an equivalent
level of protection as a point or beam type smoke detection system;
b)
Local protection: special fire detection within or close to particular items (e.g. computer or electronic equipment
cabinets);
c)
Duct protection: the detection of smoke in air conditioning ducts in order to prevent the spread of smoke and other
combustion products to other parts of the building via the ducting.
The aspirating detector shall be subjected to the tests given for each application type for which the manufacturer claims that
the detector is suitable.
NOTE: Additional tests may be required to confirm the suitability of the detector for other applications. These should be decided by agreement
between the appropriate parties (e.g. approval body, test house, manufacturer etc.)
4.7
Response to slowly developing fires
The provision of "drift compensation" (e.g. to compensate for sensor drift due to the build up of dirt in the detector), shall
not lead to a significant reduction in the detector's sensitivity to slowly developing fires.
Since it is not practical to make tests with very slow increases in smoke density, an assessment of the detector's response to
slow increases in smoke density shall be made by analysis of the circuit/software, and/or physical
tests and simulations.
The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this clause if this assessment shows that:
a)
for any rate of increase in smoke density R, which is greater than A/4 per hour (where A is the detector's initial
uncompensated response threshold value), the time for the detector to give an alarm does not exceed 1,6 x A/R by
more than 100 seconds;
b)
the range of compensation is limited such that, throughout this range, the compensation does not cause the
response threshold value of the detector to exceed its initial value by a factor greater than 1.6.
NOTE. This implies that for a simple compensation method, where the alarm threshold level slowly follows any drift in the quiescent sensor
signal, the rate of change of the alarm threshold level must be less than approximately one alarm threshold in eleven hours and that the range of
compensation is limited to the region of the sensor's characteristic, which is approximately linear.
4.8
Maximum transport time
The sampling pipework design shall be such that the maximum transport time shall not exceed 120 seconds. This shall be
clearly stated in the manufacturer's data (see 4.13.2).
4.9
Mechanical strength of the pipework
The sampling pipes and fittings shall have adequate mechanical strength, and temperature resistance.
Pipes classified in accordance with EN 50086-1 to at least Class 1131 (for the first four digits, see below) are considered
suitable for normal environments.
Property
Class
Severity
Resistance to compression
Resistance to impact
Temperature range
1
1
31
125 N
0,5 kg, 100 mm height to fall
-15C to + 60C
Pipes, which are not so classified, shall be tested in accordance with the following tests from EN 50086-1 for the above
classes:
Test
EN 50086-1, Clause
Compression test
Impact test
Resistance to heat 12.2
10.2
10.3
NOTE 1: The Impact test is conducted at the minimum of the temperature range (i.e. -15C).
NOTE 2: The Resistance to heat test is met if any crushing of the pipe does not reduce the internal diameter to less than 80% of its original
value.
4.10 Sampling holes

The minimum diameter of the sampling holes shall be 2 mm. These shall be formed such that they are free from burrs, to
prevent blockage. This shall be specified in the manufacturer's data (see 4.13.2).
NOTE: If, in special circumstances, filters have to be used at the sampling points, then special precautions shall be taken against the blocking of
these filters.
4.11 Airflow monitoring
The airflow through the detector/pipework shall be monitored such that a breakage or blockage of the pipe(s) resulting in
an increase or decrease in the airflow of > 50% shall cause a fault warning signal. If a breakage of the pipe does not lead to
a 50% increase in flow rate, then the manufacturer shall specify a lower value, representative of a pipe breakage, at which a
fault warning is given.
4.12 Power supplies

The power for the aspirating detector shall be supplied by a power supply complying with EN 54: Part 4.
NOTE: This power supply may be the power supply for the control and indicating equipment.
4.13 Marking and data

4.13.1
Marking
Each detector shall be clearly marked with the following information:

a)
the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
b)
the model designation (type or number);
c)
the wiring terminal designations;
d)
some mark(s) or code(s) (e.g. a serial No. or batch code), by which the manufacturer can identify, at least, the date
or batch and place of manufacture, and the version number(s) of any software, contained within the detector.
Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use then these should be explained in the
data supplied with the device.
The marking shall be visible during installation and shall be accessible during maintenance.
The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts.
NOTE. Detectors containing radioactive materials should also be appropriately marked in accordance with the national requirements and OECD
recommendations.
4.13.2
Data
Detectors shall be supplied with sufficient technical, installation and maintenance data to ensure their correct installation,
sensitivity setting and operation. This data shall contain information on the limits of the sampling pipework configuration
and the associated sensitivity settings. If all of this data is not supplied with each detector then reference to the appropriate
data sheet(s) shall be given on, or with, each detector.
4.14 Documentation
The manufacturer shall prepare and provide design documentation (e.g. drawings, parts lists, block diagrams, circuit
diagrams), which shall include documentation of the signal processing principle where this is necessary (e.g. to perform the
assessment required in 4.7).
4.15 Requirements for software controlled detectors

4.15.1
General
The requirements of 4.15.2, 4.15.3 and 4.15.4 shall be met for detectors which rely on software control in order to fulfil the
requirements of this specification.
4.15.2
Software documentation
4.15.2.1 The manufacturer shall prepare documentation which gives an overview of the software design. This shall be
submitted to the testing authority together with the detectors. This documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design
to be inspected for compliance with this specification and shall include at least the following:
a)
a functional description of the main program flow (eg. as a flow diagram or structogram) including:
1)
a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform;
2)
the way in which the modules interact;
3)
the overall hierarchy of the program;
4)
the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the detector;
5)
the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing.
b)
a description of which areas of memory are used for the various purposes (eg. the program, site specific data and
running data);
c)
a designation, by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
4.15.2.2 The manufacturer shall also prepare detailed design documentation, which only needs to be provided if required
by the testing authority. It shall comprise at least the following:
a)
an overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b)
a description of each module of the program, containing at least:

1)
the name of the module;
2)
a description of the tasks performed;
3)
a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the checking
for valid data.
c)
full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (eg. ASCII-code), including a global and local
variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow to be recognized;
d)
details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (eg. CASE-Tools, Compilers etc.).
4.15.3
Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the detector, the following requirements for software design shall apply:
a)
the software shall have a modular structure;
b)
the design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid data to cause
error in the program operation;
c)
the software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
4.15.4
The storage of programs and data
The program necessary to comply with this specification and any preset data, such as manufacturer's settings, shall be held
in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program and data shall only be possible by the use of
some special tool or code and shall not be possible during normal operation of the detector.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least 2 weeks without external power to the detector,
unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power, within 1 hour of power being
restored.
TESTS
5.1
5.1.1
General
Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been allowed to
stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as described in IEC 68-1 as follows:
a)
temperature
: (15 to 35) C;
b)
relative humidity
: (25 to 75) %;
c)
air pressure
: (86 to 106) kPa.
If variations in these parameters have a significant effect on a measurement, then such variations should be kept to a
minimum during a series of measurements carried out as part of one test on one specimen.
5.1.2
Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then the specimen shall be connected to suitable supply and
indicating equipment with characteristics as required by the manufacturer's data. Unless otherwise specified in the test
method, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the manufacturer's specified range(s) and shall
remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value chosen for each parameter shall normally be the nominal
value, or the mean of the specified range.
The sampling pipework shall be simulated by at least a stub pipe with appropriate orifice(s) providing a typical airflow
through the detector and allowing the flow monitoring function to be checked as required before, during and/or after
environmental tests. During the Dry heat, Damp heat and Cold tests, a sufficient length of pipe shall be installed in the
chamber to allow the temperature of the test aerosol to stabilise at the test temperature.
NOTE. The details of the supply and indicating equipment used should be given in the test report.
5.1.3
Mounting arrangements
When necessary, the specimen shall be mounted by its normal means of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. If these instructions describe more than one method of mounting then the method considered to be most
unfavourable shall be chosen for each test.
5.1.4
Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given in the basic reference
standards for the test (e.g. the relevant part of IEC 68-2).
If a specific tolerance or limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then deviation limits of + 5% shall be
applied.
5.1.5
5.1.5.1
Measurement of response threshold value

General
Since there are a number of different types of aspirating detectors available operating on quite different principles, which
have very different ranges of sensitivity, various methods can be used to measure the response threshold value. The object
of any method chosen shall be to determine a measure of the aerosol concentration, which when passing through the
detector, just causes an alarm to be raised. This can generally be achieved by introducing smoke or an aerosol into the
sampled air stream so that the detector is subjected to a slowly increasing concentration, and recording the concentration at
the moment when an alarm is generated. Since the response threshold value is only used as a relative measurement, it is
permissible to use various parameters to measure the aerosol concentration, providing that the chosen parameter is
essentially proportional to the particle number concentration, for the particular test aerosol. For detectors with sensitivities
similar to point smoke detectors, a suitable method could be to sample the aerosol from the smoke tunnel described in EN
54-7. However, for high sensitivity detectors, the control of the aerosol generation and the resolution of the measuring
instruments may not be sufficient. The method described below was specially developed to be suitable for most types,
including those with high sensitivity.
NOTE: In many of the test procedures in this specification a measurement of the response threshold value is required as an initial measurement,
before the conditioning, and as a final measurement after the conditioning. In order to prevent unnecessary repeat testing, the value for the initial
measurement may be taken from the immediately preceding measurement on the same specimen, providing it was made under the same
conditions.
5.1.5.2
Typical RTV measurement procedure
The specimen for which the response threshold value is to be measured shall be connected to the aerosol
generating/measuring apparatus described in Annex A. The air flow through the detector shall be controlled to a typical
rate within the manufacturer's specification by the restriction R (see Figure A1).
The airflow rate through the aerosol generating/dilution equipment shall be adjusted to just exceed the sum of the flows
through the detector and the reference measuring equipment, such that there is a small outflow through the vent V (see
Figure A1).
Before the measurement, the detector shall be allowed to stabilise with clean air flowing for 15 minutes or another period if
recommended by the manufacturer.
The aerosol concentration shall then be increased at an appropriate rate, depending upon the detector's nominal sensitivity,
such that for normal operation the alarm is generated in approximately 10 minutes.
The response threshold value N shall be taken as the aerosol concentration, in particles per cubic centimetre as measured by
the CPC, at the moment when the detector gives the alarm signal.
5.1.6
Test of the airflow monitoring facility
When required in other test procedures, the function of the airflow monitoring facility shall be checked by reducing the
airflow by at least 50% until a flow fault is given, returning the airflow to normal and if necessary resetting the flow
monitoring facility, and then increasing the flow by at least 50%, or the lower value specified by the manufacturer
(see 4.11), until a flow fault is given.
5.1.7
Provision for tests
Eight specimen aspirating detectors (or at least sufficient specimens to allow the reproducibility test to include eight smoke
sensitive parts (see table note below) are required to conduct the tests as indicated in the test schedule, see 5.1.8, along with
sufficient sampling pipe and fittings to set up the various sampling pipework systems required by the tests.
The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer's normal production with regard to their
construction and calibration.
NOTE. This implies that the mean response threshold value of the eight specimens, found in the Reproducibility test should also represent the
production mean, and that the limits specified in the Reproducibility test should also be applicable to the manufacturer's production.
10
5.1.8
Test schedule
The specimens shall be tested according to the following test schedule. The specimens shall be numbered arbitrarily.
Test
Clause
Specimen No(s)*
Repeatability
5.2
Reproducibility
5.3
1 to 8
Variation of supply voltage
5.4
Dry heat (operational)
5.5
Cold (operational)
5.6
Damp heat, Steady State (operational)
5.7
Damp heat, Steady State (endurance)
5.8
SO2 corrosion (endurance)
5.9
Shock (operational)
5.10
Impact (operational)
5.11
Vibration (operational)
5.12
Vibration (endurance)
5.13
Electromagnetic compatibility, Immunity tests
5.14
6/7
Fire sensitivity (Room protection)
5.15
Fire sensitivity (Local protection)
5.16
Fire sensitivity (Duct protection)
5.17
* The schedule shows the specimen numbers recommended for each test. Other arrangements can be used by agreement
between the various parties (e.g. approval body, test house, manufacturer etc.) in order to improve the efficiency or cost of
testing, or to reduce the number of specimens damaged by the testing. However, the reproducibility of the sensitivity of at least
eight smoke sensitive parts shall be measured in the reproducibility test. If fewer specimens are to be used for the rest of the tests
then, the possible damaging effects of subjecting a specimen to a number of tests, especially endurance tests has to be
considered.
5.2
5.2.1
Repeatability
Object
To show that the detector has stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity even after a number of alarm conditions.
5.2.2
Test procedure
The response threshold value of the specimen to be tested shall be measured as described in 5.15 times.
The maximum and minimum response threshold values shall be designated Nmax and Nmin respectively.
5.2.3
Requirements
The ratio of the response threshold values Nmax : Nmin shall be not greater than 1,3.
11
5.3
5.3.1
Reproducibility
Object
To show that the sensitivity of the detector does not vary unduly from specimen to specimen.
5.3.2
Test procedure
The function of the airflow monitoring facility shall be checked, on each specimen, as described in 5.1.6
The response threshold value of each of the test specimens shall be measured as described in 5.1.5
_
The mean of these response threshold values shall be calculated and shall be designated .
The maximum and minimum of these response threshold values shall be designated Nmax and Nmin respectively.
5.3.3
Requirements
The correct fault signals, in accordance with 4.11 shall be given during the checks of the airflow monitoring facility.
_
The ratio of the response threshold values Nmax : N shall not be greater than 1,3 and the ratio of the response threshold
_
values : Nmin shall not be greater than 1,5.
5.4
5.4.1
Variation in supply parameters (e.g. voltage)

Object
To show that, within the specified range(s) of the supply parameters (e.g. voltage), the sensitivity of the detector is not
unduly dependent on these parameters.
5.4.2
Test procedure
The response threshold value of the specimen to be tested shall be measured as described in 5.1.5, and the function of the
airflow monitoring facility shall be checked, as described in 5.1.6, under the nominal and extremes of the specified supply
conditions. (e.g. nominal, maximum and minimum supply voltage).
The maximum and minimum response threshold values shall be designated Nmax and Nmin respectively.
5.4.3
Requirements
The correct fault signals, in accordance with 4.11, shall be given during the checks of the airflow monitoring facility.
The ratio of the response threshold values Nmax : Nmin shall not be greater than 1,6.
5.5
5.5.1
Dry heat (operational)

Object
To demonstrate the ability of the detector to function correctly at high ambient temperatures, which may occur for short
periods in the service environment.
12
5.5.2
5.5.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-2 Test Bb, and as described below.
5.5.2.2
Initial measurements
Before conditioning, the response threshold value shall be measured as described in 5.1.5, with the temperature stabilising
pipes installed as required in 5.5.2.5.
5.5.2.3
State of the specimen during conditioning
The specimen shall be mounted as described in 5.1.3 and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as
described in 5.1.2.
5.5.2.4
Conditioning
The following conditioning shall be applied:

Temperature:
Duration:
5.5.2.5
(+55 + 2) C
16 hours
Measurements during conditioning
The specimen shall be monitored during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
During the last hour of the conditioning period, the function of the airflow monitoring facility shall be checked as described
in 5.1.6 and the response threshold value shall be measured as described in 5.1.5. For the RTV measurement, a sufficient
length of pipe shall be installed in the chamber to allow the temperature of the test aerosol to stabilise at the test
temperature before entering the detector.
5.5.2.6
Final measurements
After a recovery period of 1 to 2 hours at laboratory conditions, the function of the airflow monitoring facility shall be
checked as described in 5.1.6 and the response threshold value shall be measured as described in 5.1.5.
The maximum and minimum of the response threshold values measured in this test shall be designated Nmax and Nmin
respectively.
5.5.3
Requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning, except as required by the tests in the last hour.
5.6
5.6.1
Cold (operational)
Object
To demonstrate the ability of the detector to function correctly at low ambient temperatures appropriate to the anticipated
service environment.
5.6.2
5.6.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-1 Test Ab, and as described below.
13
5.6.2.2
5.6.2.3
described in 5.1.2.
5.6.2.4
Conditioning
The following conditioning shall be applied*:

Temperature:
Duration:
(10 + 3) C
16 hours
* If the detector cannot operate at less than 0C, then:
5.6.2.5
a)
the cold test shall be conducted at (+5 + 3) C;
b)
the detector shall give a fault warning if the temperature falls below 0C. This shall be checked by
reducing the temperature to (-5 + 3) C; and
c)
The manufacturer's information shall clearly state that the detector will not operate below 0C and that
special precautions have to be taken against the temperature falling below 0C.
temperature before entering the detector.
5.6.2.6
Final measurements
respectively.
5.6.3
Requirements
5.7
5.7.1
Damp heat, steady state (operational)

Object
To demonstrate the ability of the detector to function correctly at high relative humidity (without condensation), which may
occur for short periods in the anticipated service environment.
5.7.2
5.7.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-56 Test Cb and as described below.
14
5.7.2.2
5.7.2.3
described in 5.1.2.
5.7.2.4
Conditioning

Temperature:
Relative Humidity:
Duration:
5.7.2.5
(40 + 2) C
(93 + 3) %
4 days
temperature before entering the detector. (N.B. For practical reasons, it is accepted that the test aerosol will not be at the
same relative humidity as the conditioning environment).
5.7.2.6
Final measurements
respectively.
5.7.3
Requirements
5.8
5.8.1
Damp Heat, steady state (endurance)

Object
To demonstrate the ability of the detector to withstand the long term effects of humidity in the service environment. (e.g.
changes in electrical properties of materials, chemical reactions involving moisture, galvanic corrosion etc).
5.8.2
5.8.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-56 Test Cb, and as described below.
5.8.2.2
Before conditioning, the response threshold value shall be measured as described in 5.1.5.
5.8.2.3
The specimen shall be mounted as described in 5.1.3 but shall not be supplied with power during the conditioning.
15
5.8.2.4
Conditioning

Temperature:
Relative Humidity:
Duration:
5.8.2.5
(40 + 2) C
(93 + 3) %
21 days
Final measurements
respectively.
5.8.3
Requirements
5.9
5.9.1
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance)

Object
To demonstrate the ability of the detector to withstand the corrosive effects of sulphur dioxide as an atmospheric pollutant.
5.9.2
5.9.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be generally as described in IEC 68-2-42 Test Kc, except that the conditioning shall
be as described below.
5.9.2.2
5.9.2.3
The specimen shall be mounted as described in 5.1.3. It shall not be supplied with power during the conditioning, but it
shall have untinned copper wires, of the appropriate diameter, connected to sufficient terminals, to allow the final
measurement to be made, without making further connections to the specimen. It shall be arranged that the corrosive
atmosphere shall pass through all of the aspirating paths of the specimen during the test such that the air passes through a
stub of pipe, of the nominal diameter, connected to the inlet of the specimen at a velocity of between 0.006 m/s and 0.1
m/s.
5.9.2.4
Conditioning

Temperature:
Relative humidity:
SO2 concentration:
Duration:
5.9.2.5
(25 + 2) C
(93 + 3) %
(25 + 5) ppm by volume
21 days
Final measurements
Immediately after the conditioning, the specimen shall be subjected to a drying period of 16 hours at 40 C, < 50 % RH,
followed by a recovery period of 1 to 2 hours at laboratory conditions. After this recovery period the function of the
airflow monitoring facility shall be checked as described in 5.1.6, and the response threshold value shall be measured as
described in 5.1.5.
16
respectively.
5.9.3
Requirements
5.10 Shock (operational)

5.10.1
Object
To demonstrate the immunity of the detector to mechanical shocks, which are likely to occur, albeit infrequently, in the
anticipated service environment.
5.10.2
5.10.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be generally as described in IEC 68-2-27 Test Ea, except that the conditioning shall
be as described below.
5.10.2.2
5.10.2.3
The specimen shall be mounted as described in 5.1.3 to a rigid fixture, and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring
equipment as described in 5.1.2.
17
5.10.2.4 Conditioning
For specimens with a mass < 4.75 kg the following conditioning shall be applied:
Shock pulse type:
Pulse duration:
Peak acceleration :
Number of directions:
Pulses per direction:
Half sine
6 ms
= 100 (20 M) gn (Where M is the specimen's mass in kg)
6
3
No test is applied for specimens with a mass > 4.75 kg.

5.10.2.5
5.10.2.6
Final measurements
After the conditioning, the function of the airflow monitoring facility shall be checked as described in 5.1.6 and the
response threshold value shall be measured as described in 5.1.5.
respectively.
5.10.3
Requirements
No alarm or fault signals shall be given during the conditioning.

5.11 Impact (operational)

5.11.1
Object
To demonstrate the immunity of the detector to mechanical impacts upon its surface, which it may sustain in the normal
service environment, and which it can reasonably be expected to withstand.
5.11.2
5.11.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-63 (1991).
5.11.2.2
5.11.2.3
The specimen shall be mounted as described in 5.1.3 to a rigid structure, as required by IEC 68-2-63, and shall be
connected to its supply and monitoring equipment as described in 5.1.2.
5.11.2.4
Conditioning
Impacts shall be applied to all accessible surfaces of the specimen. For all such surfaces three blows shall be applied to any
point(s) considered likely to cause damage to or impair the operation of the specimen.
Care should be taken to ensure that the results from a series of three blows do not influence subsequent series. In case of
doubts, the defect shall be disregarded and a further three blows shall be applied to the same position on a new specimen.
18
Impact energy:
Number of impacts per point:
5.11.2.5
(0,5 + 0,04) J
3
5.11.2.6
Final measurements
After the conditioning, the function of the airflow monitoring facility shall be checked as described in 6.1.6, and the
respectively.
5.11.3
Requirements

5.12 Vibration, sinusoidal, (operational)

5.12.1
Object
To demonstrate the immunity of the detector to vibration at levels considered appropriate to the normal service
environment.
5.12.2
5.12.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-6 Test Fc, and as described below.
5.12.2.2
5.12.2.3
The specimen shall be mounted on a rigid fixture as described in 5.1.3 and shall be connected to its supply and monitoring
equipment as described in 5.1.2.
The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular axes, in turn, The specimen shall be mounted so that
one of the three axes is perpendicular to its normal mounting plane.
5.12.2.4
Conditioning

Frequency range:
Acceleration amplitude:
Number of axes:
Sweep rate:
Number of sweep cycles:
NOTE.
5.12.2.5
(10 to 150) Hz
5 m s-2 (~ 0,5 gn)
3
1 octave/min.
1
The vibration operational and endurance tests may be combined such that the specimen is subjected to the operational test
conditioning followed by the endurance test conditioning in one axis before changing to the next axis. Only one initial and one final
measurement need then be made.
19
5.12.2.6
Final measurements
respectively.
5.12.3
Requirements

5.13 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance)

5.13.1
Object
To demonstrate the ability of the detector to withstand the long term effects of vibration at levels appropriate to the service
environment.
5.13.2
5.13.2.1
Test procedure
Reference
The test apparatus and procedure shall be as described in IEC 68-2-6 Test Fc, and as described below.
5.13.2.2
5.13.2.3
The specimen shall be mounted on a rigid fixture as described in 5.1.3, but shall not be supplied with power during
conditioning.
The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular axes, in turn, The specimen shall be mounted so that
one of the three axes is perpendicular to its normal mounting axis.
5.13.2.4
Conditioning

Frequency range:
Acceleration amplitude:
Number of axes:
Sweep rate:
Number of sweep cycles:
NOTE.
5.13.2.5
(10 to 150) Hz
10 m s-2 (~ 1,0 gn)
3
1 octave/min.
20
The vibration operational and endurance tests may be combined such that the specimen is subjected to the operational test
conditioning followed by the endurance test conditioning in one axis before changing to the next axis. Only one initial and one final
measurement need then be made.
Final measurements
respectively.
20
5.13.3
Requirements
5.14 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Immunity tests

EMC, immunity tests shall be carried out as described in EN 50130-4: 1995. This will mean conducting the following tests:
1)
Mains supply voltage variations1 - If the aspirating detector incorporates a mains supply;
2)
Mains supply voltage dips and short interruptions - If the aspirating detector incorporates a mains supply;
3)
Electrostatic discharge;
4)
Radiated electromagnetic fields2;
5)
Conducted disturbances induced by electromagnetic fields;
6)
Fast transient bursts;
7)
Slow high energy surges.
For these tests the following shall apply:

a)
The functional test, called for in the initial and final measurements, shall be a check of the airflow monitoring
facility as described in 5.1.6 and a measurement of the response threshold value as described in 5.1.5;
b)
The required operating condition shall be as described in 5.1.2;
c)
The acceptance criteria for the functional test after the conditioning shall be that, the correct fault signals, in
accordance with 4.11, shall be given during the checks of the airflow monitoring facility, and the ratio of the
response threshold values Nmax : Nmin shall not be greater than 1,6. Where Nmax and Nmin are respectively the
maximum and minimum of the response threshold values measured in the initial and final measurements.
5.15 Fire sensitivity (Room Protection)

5.15.1
Object
To show that the detector has adequate sensitivity to a broad spectrum of smoke types as required for general application in
fire detection systems for buildings, when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
5.15.2
Principle
The detector is exposed to a series of test fires with a sampling pipework system suitable for room protection and
incorporating the "worst case" arrangement with respect to dilution and transport times, all in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations. The test fires are those used for assessing point smoke detectors and the number of
sampling holes in the fire test room shall be that recommended by the manufacturer to cover the same area as a point
smoke detector. Sample holes not in the fire test room shall suck clean air during the tests.
The Mains supply voltage variations test can be combined with the Variation in supply parameters test (see 5.4).
In the Radiated electromagnetic fields test, it is intended to increase the field strength to 30 V/m in the frequency
ranges 415 to 466 MHz and 890 to 960 MHz, and to extend the total frequency range up to 2000 MHz, from
01/01/1998.
21
5.15.3
Test Procedure
A sampling pipe network shall be designed, in accordance with the manufacturer's design rules, for room protection. This
design shall incorporate the "worst case" allowable with respect to the dilution (i.e. the maximum number of sampling
holes) and transport time (i.e. maximum pipe lengths). This sampling pipe network shall be installed with the worst case
sampling hole(s) arranged in the standard (EN54-9) fire test room, within the arc of the 3m circle where specimen point
detectors are normally mounted. The number of sampling holes in the fire test room shall not exceed the minimum number
of holes that the manufacturer recommends to cover the same area as a point smoke detector. The sampling holes in the fire
test room shall be those with the longest transport times. The rest of the sampling holes shall be arranged outside the fire
test room and shall suck clean air during the tests.
The four test fires TF2 to TF5 shall be conducted in the fire test room, as described in EN 54-9:1982 or the first revision of
EN54-7, when it is published.
5.15.4
Requirements
The aspirating detector shall generate an alarm signal, in each test fire, before a time Tt after the specified end of test
condition is reached. Where Tt is the transport time for the system under test.
5.16 Fire sensitivity (Local Protection)

[Under consideration]
NOTE: Until a type test is developed it may be necessary to conduct an ad hoc test to confirm the manufacturer's claims. The details of such a
test should be decided by agreement between the appropriate parties (e.g. approval body, test house, manufacturer etc.).
5.17 Fire sensitivity (Duct Protection)

5.17.1
Object
To show that the detector has adequate sensitivity to detect smoke in ducts in order to restrict the spread of smoke and other
combustion products through the duct system.
NOTE: The detection of smoke in ducts alone is not normally considered adequate as a means of fire detection for the rooms served by the ducts
due to the large dilutions. However with the higher sensitivity aspirating detectors the detection of smoke in ducts may be used for such fire
detection, along with other means such as room and/or local protection. In these cases sensitivities higher than required by these tests may be
necessary.
5.17.2
Principle
The detector is exposed to different types of smoke in ducts with different airflow rates when installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations.
22
5.17.3
Test Procedure
A ventilation duct, in which the airflow rate can be adjusted to 1 m s-1 and 20 m s-1 is required for the test. This duct may be
part of a recirculating or an open-ended arrangement. In either case it shall be possible to introduce smoke into the duct so
that the smoke density in the duct builds up at a rate of less than 0,3 dB/m/min to a density of >0,6 dB/m.
The specimen aspirating detector shall be installed, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to sample the air in
the duct. A smoke obscuration measuring instrument, as described in EN54-7, shall be installed to measure the smoke
obscuration in the duct close to the sampling point.
Four tests shall be conducted as follows:
Test
Airflow in
duct
Type of smoke
1 m/s
Smoke from smouldering wood, similar to that produced in TF2 of EN 54-9*
1 m/s
Smoke from flaming polyurethane foam, similar to that produced in TF 4 of EN 54-9*
20 m/s
Smoke from smouldering wood, similar to that produced in TF2 of EN 54-9*
20 m/s
Smoke from flaming polyurethane foam, similar to that produced in TF 4 of EN 54-9*
* In order to produce the quantities of smoke required for these tests, it will generally be necessary to use greater quantities of materials (and hot
plates, in the case of TF 2) than specified in EN 54-9.
5.17.4
Requirements
In each test the aspirating detector shall not generate an alarm before the smoke density reaches 0,1 dB/m and shall
generate an alarm before the smoke density exceeds 0,6 dB/m.
A ANNEX A TYPICAL APPARATUS FOR RTV MEASUREMENTS.

In order to measure the response threshold value of an aspirating detector, it is necessary to be able to generate smoke or an
aerosol in a precisely controlled manner so that the detector can be subjected to sampled air with a slowly and consistently
increasing aerosol concentration, and to be able to obtain a measure of the concentration which is essentially proportional
to the particle number concentration. To cover the wide range of types of aspirating detectors, it must be possible to adjust
the test apparatus to give a wide range of airflow rates and aerosol concentrations.
The apparatus described below was developed to allow such adjustments and to be able to measure the low aerosol
concentrations needed for testing the more sensitive aspirating detectors.
The apparatus consists of three main functional blocks, aerosol generator, controllable aerosol dilution and aerosol
measurement, see Figure A1:
23
Figure A1: Block diagram of the apparatus for measuring RTV
The aerosol generator generates a polydisperse paraffin mist as specified in EN 54-7. The aerosol passes into a dilution
system where it is mixed with clean air in a manner which allows precisely adjustable dilution. The diluted aerosol is then
presented to the aspirating detector under test (DUT) and a condensation particle counter (CPC), which measures the
aerosol at the same concentration as that entering the DUT. The flow rate through the aerosol generator/dilution system is
set so that it just exceeds the sum of the flows required by the DUT and the CPC with the excess flowing out of the vent V.
This allows the DUT and CPC to draw the aerosol from the same point which is at approximately atmospheric pressure.
Both the CPC and the DUT operate with their own aspirating pumps. The restriction R is added to simulate the pressure
drop of the sampling pipe system and to allow the flow through the DUT to be within the manufacturer's specifications.
The distances from junction J to the CPC and the DUT should be short, so that the CPC and DUT effectively measure the
same aerosol density at the same time.
Figure A2 shows further details of a suitable test apparatus. Full details of the development and use of this apparatus are
given in Document GEI 1 - 032, and full constructional details of the various components are given in Document
GEI 1 - 034.
Although the set up appears rather complex, it has been designed to be able to produce a wide range of overall flow rates,
ranges of aerosol concentrations and rates of increase of aerosol concentration. Valve 1 is used to set the clean air flow rate,
which effectively sets the overall flow rate since this is large when compared to the aerosol flow rate. Valves 2 and 3 allow
the overall range of aerosol concentration to be set. These valves can all be set to appropriate positions for a particular type
of aspirating detector, and should not normally be adjusted during a series of measurements. The flow controller F is an
electronically controlled mass flow controller, which is used to control the dilution. By adjusting this flow controller the
aerosol concentration presented to the DUT can be controlled from effectively zero to a maximum value, dependent on the
settings of valves 1, 2 & 3.
24

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COMIT EUROPEN DES ASSURANCES

PROPERTY INSURANCE COMMITTEE

Specifications for Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems

CEA 4022: December 1999 (en)

Copyright by CEA 3 bis, rue de la Chausse dAntin 75009 PARIS

SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION.......................................................................................................... 3

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................... 3

ANNEX A TYPICAL APPARATUS FOR RTV MEASUREMENTS. ......................................................... 23

SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

Basic environmental testing procedures : Part 2 Tests :

Tests A: Cold. (Fifth edition 1990).

Test Fc: Vibration, sinusoidal (sixth edition 1995).

Test Ea: Shock (Third edition 1987).

Test Eg: Impact, Spring Hammer. (First edition 1991).

Fire detection and fire alarm systems:

54-1 Part 1: Introduction (1996).

Conduit systems for electrical installations; Part 1: General requirements (1993).

CEA GEI 1-032 Aspirating Systems, Final Report (1995).

Recommendations for ionization chamber smoke detectors in implementation of radiation protection

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

EMC: Electromagnetic compatibility.

DUT: Detector under test.

CPC: Condensation particle counter.

Individual alarm indication

Connection of ancillary devices

If there is provision for field-adjustment of the sensitivity of the detector then:

Response to slowly developing fires

Maximum transport time

Mechanical strength of the pipework

4.10 Sampling holes

4.11 Airflow monitoring

4.12 Power supplies

4.13 Marking and data

Each detector shall be clearly marked with the following information:

the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;

the model designation (type or number);

the wiring terminal designations;

4.15 Requirements for software controlled detectors

the way in which the modules interact;

the overall hierarchy of the program;

a description of each module of the program, containing at least:

the name of the module;

a description of the tasks performed;

the software shall have a modular structure;

The storage of programs and data

: (86 to 106) kPa.

Operating conditions for tests

Measurement of response threshold value

Typical RTV measurement procedure

Test of the airflow monitoring facility

Provision for tests

Variation of supply voltage

Dry heat (operational)

Damp heat, Steady State (operational)

Damp heat, Steady State (endurance)

SO2 corrosion (endurance)

Electromagnetic compatibility, Immunity tests

Fire sensitivity (Room protection)

Fire sensitivity (Local protection)

Fire sensitivity (Duct protection)

Variation in supply parameters (e.g. voltage)

Dry heat (operational)

State of the specimen during conditioning