AN INTERNSHIP EXERCISE CARRIED OUT AT CIYOTA

BY
NAMIGADDE SHIFA
213-033072-06104
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

AN INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC

ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN UGANDA

SEPTEMBER, 2015

DECLARATION
I Namigadde Shifah, Reg.no 213-033072-06104, hereby declare that the contents of
this report are a true account and reflection of my experience and effort during my
internship period at Coburwas International Youth Organization To Transform Africa.
{CIYOTA}Kampala Head Office,Ham Tower 3rd Floor

..
Namigadde Shifa

Date .

ii

APPROVAL
This internship report has been written and compiled under my supervision and is now
ready for submission to the Organisation of Coburwas International Youth Organisation
to Transform Africa {CIYOTA} with approval.

University Supervisor: Mr. Mpata Ali

Date;
Signature; .

Work Supervisor: Mr. Bahati Kanyamanza

Date;
Signature;
Intern Student; Miss Namigadde Shifa
Date ..
Signature; .

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First l want to thank the Almight Allah, the most greacious and the most special thanks
goes to Mr. Bahati Kanyamanzi (Chief Operations Officer), CIYOTA COBURWAS, for
granting my attachment approval to have it in the organisation, my helpful supervisor Mr.
Mpata Ali for the supervision and support that he gave me which truly helped in the
progression and smoothness of the internship program. The co-operation is much indeed
appreciated.
My appreciation also goes to CIYOTA staff, especially, Mr. Bahati Kanyamanza who
mentored me during the internship period, Miss Lynn Tusiime, Miss Namazzi Vivian, Mr.
Ndaberetse Kassim and Mrs. Phiona for the cooperation and contribution towards my
learning in CIYOTA. This internship has made me experience the working environment
and realize the realize the value of working together as a team
I thank my fellow interns who worked with me at CIYOTA, Miss Nakachwa Lynn and
Mr. Buningwire William, for the wise ideas throughout the attachment.
My gratitude and appreciation mostly goes to Mrs. Faridah Bint Mubarak my inspiration
mother and Mr. Mayanja Unusu Semakula my father, for all the continued contribution
towards my academic excellence in terms of knowledge, guidance and tuition elements,
my relatives and family at large for their understanding and support

iv

May Allah Bestow His Blessings on All of You.

DEDICATION
I dedicate this report to my parents Mrs. Faridah Bint Mubarak my mother, Mr. Mayanja
Unusu Semakula and my family at large plus all my relatives, my friends and CIYOTA
organisation. Without their patience, understanding, support and most of all there love
and prayers the completion of this work would not have been possible
The purpose of this report is to explain what I did and learned during my internship
period with CIYOTA organization in all the aspects concerning Public Administration
Human Resource in the company. The report is also a requirement for the partial
fulfillment of a bachelors degree in Public Administration on the assignments handled,
working environment, successes and short comings that I encountered when handling
various tasks assigned by the supervisors.
Because the various parts of the report reflect the interns shortcomings, successes,
observations and comments, it would be imperative that the recommendations are also
given. Therefore the report gives a number of comments and recommendations on the
internship programme.
It is hoped that this report would serve as a cardinal vehicle to the improvement of the
internship program.

TABLE OF CONTENT

vi

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
CIYOTA (COBURWAS) International Youth Organization to Transform Africa
(CIYOTA) is a volunteer-based, non-profit organization established by refugee youths in
December 2005 in Kyangwali refugee settlement, Uganda. The founders arrived in
Kyangwali from Congo (DRC), Burundi, Uganda, Rwanda and Sudan (CO-BU-RWA-S)
along with thousands of refugees fleeing violence and problems resulting from conflicts
in their home countries.
What began as an inclusive youth-led club set to protect and improve the lives of the
most vulnerable in their midst, CIYOTA has now become a source and model of
educational excellence, not just for conflict-affected African refugees but also for local
Ugandans.
CIYOTA recognizes the power of education as a pathway out of poverty, as well as a
means to heal conflict, create social cohesion, and spur economic growth.
Education for children through methods that also build corresponding commitment and
support of families and the community is therefore the focus of CIYOTAs work.
CITOTA has several branches in countries like Congo, Kenya, Germany and Uganda
CIYOTA Kampala Head Office
Ham Towers 3rd floor, Opposite Makerere Main Gate | P.O. BOX 37403, KampalaUganda
Tel: +256-414-693-495/0392-879-073
Email: info@coburwas.org, www.coburwas.org

1.1 Background
This study focused on developing the practical approaches of Public Administration,
issues, situations, getting to work with experts, sharing ideas, receiving corrections,
and understanding the theoretical disciplines persued practically, which was
undertaken at CIYOTA COBURWAS in a period of six weeks. The report focuses
primarily on the working environment, assignments handled, successes, short
comings, observations and recommendations therefore the report gives a number of
the above mentioned during the internship programme that i encountered when
handling various tasks assigned to me by my supervisor.
1.2 Objectives of the Internship Exercise
1.2.1 Main Objective
To analyze interns hands on skills in different disciplines as far as Public
Administration is concerned, supporting and managing organizational duties and
responsibilities.
To assemble and identify Components of Industrial and Public Admistration ideals
and their functions.
To get hands on training and real life experience of the environment one is expected
to work in when they graduate.
To provide an opportunity for interns to apply the principles and techniques
theoretically learnt into real life problem solving situations.
To develop interns practical knowledge and understanding of work ethics,
employment demands, responsibilities and opportunities
To enable the intern upgrade from the theoretical based knowledge to practical based
and field capabilities in areas such as;

1.2.2 Specific Objectives

Human resource planning
Job analysis and design
Recruitment and selection
Managing careers
Performance appraisal
Compensation management
Occupational health and safety
Grievance handling
Displinary action
Back up of useful organizational data
Maintain organizational hardware/software
1.3 Scope of the Internship Program
The internship purpose and objectives was to cover up most of the practical Public
Administration Specifically Human Resource issues and situation and mainly
concentrated on the user support and encountered problems.
This study focused on developing the practical approaches Public Administration
issues at large ,gaining a working experience with specialists ,sharing my ideas with
the ones that can correct my doubts ,and accepting the theoretical disciplines perused
through practically, On which was undertaken at CIYOTA Organization (Located at
Ham Tower, Kampala) in a period of seven weeks.

As an internee with CIYOTA Organisation I was working in the Humman Resource

Department in the supervision of Mr. Bahati who is the head of Humman Resource
Department in the company and the General Manager, Mugisha Doreen who was the
Secretary and Ojok Dennis, working as the system developer of the company. The IT
Section is under the finance Department of the company handling all the information,
communication and most of the electronic works of the company. It is responsible in the
involved provision of infrastructure for automation, governance for the use of the
network and operating systems, plus the assistance in providing the operational units the
functionality they need, providing the capacity for operating applications development,
storing and securing the electronic information the organization owns, and providing
direct operating assistance in software use and data management to all functional areas in
the organization.

ILLUSTRATION OF THE HIERARCHICAL ARRANGEMENT

Manager
Information
Network
Technology
Administrator

Database
Administrator

System
Administrator

Systems
support
Officer

Analyst
Programmer
s

The IT section is a small sector under finance. However with time I think iindependent
department, it consists of sectors such as database administration, system administration,
network administration, system support and analyst programming section. All these are
answerable to the manager information technology. However, 90% of the work carried out
by the kinyara sugar limited Information Technology Department is user support.

1.1.0 Objectives of the Internship

Analyzing internees hands on Skills in different disciplines as far as Information
Technology is concerned, Supporting and Managing Organizational Information and
technology duties plus application of the theory grasped in class to real word in information
technology.

Assembling and identifying Components of a Computer system and their functions.

development of practical knowledge & Skills on some of the common Computer hardware
and software being carried out theoretically at the university, their futures problems
encountered by the company users and how are gone away with such issues.
Installation and configuration of Systems software, also known as the operating system, for
example - Microsoft windows, Linux, Macintosh, and application softwares like Microsoft

Outlook for sending email, Internet explorer that is used for accessing

resources from remote locations. Plus device drivers including, network drivers like data
link, and realtek network driver, audio drives, printer drivers, to mention but a few.
To perform Maintenance and on computer hardware and getting familiar with the tools
used in the technician tools probably for computer hardware maintenance and repair.
Helping the internee upgrade from the theoretical based knowledge to a practical based and
field capabilities.
Troubleshoot network for mal-functioning
Grant access and privileges to various users.
Do regular backup of useful company data.
Offer basic practical knowledge to new users.
Maintain company hardware/software.
Dispense expatriate computer knowledge whenever required.

1.1.2 Scope and duration of the Internship Program

The internship purpose and objectives was to cover up most of the practical information
and communication technology issues and situation and mainly concentrated on the user
support and encountered problems.
This study focused on developing the practical approaches of information
,communication and technological issues at large ,gaining a working experience with
specialists ,sharing my ideas with the ones that can correct my doubts ,and accepting the
theoretical disciplines perused through practically, On which was undertaken at kinyara
sugar limited (Masindi, Uganda) in a period of seven weeks.
1.1.3 What kinyara sugar limited, Information Technology section does.
Allows the connection of the company users or clients to share network on which over
300 of their computers are on the network and well supervised and monitored by the
information technology.
Updating and installation of needed system and software application by the company
information clients.
Controlling and administering the systems running in the company for their accurate and
goals reach.
The department /section also works as help desk or support in away that its leant on
whenever the is information problem encountered by the companys employee using
companys information

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Description of the Internship
2.0.1 Orientation
I had my orientation, firstly at the company in general on which it was carried out on
Thirtieth May 2011, the first day to the company and internship training commencing, it
closed out in the Information Technology Department with a one on one talk with the
system administrator of the company (Mr. Masaba Collins) who was my internship field
supervisor, on which involved questions and answers from both of us concerning my
interests in the course and what I was expecting from them thus rest assured to even be
given more than I expected.
The orientation also involved introduction of other colleagues from different universities
that I were to be working with plus other supervisors to help us out through the internship
training in different specifications.
During orientation the following were learnt

The management of Kinyara sugar limited.

The scope of internship programme.

The IT infrastructure in the Kinyara sugar limited.

Various software used in the electronic works of Kinyara sugar limited.

Security measures applied Kinyara sugar limited.

Brief light on what I was to be working on during the internship period.

Not forgetting in the one on one talk with the field supervisor ,since he was the
network administrator he took me through some strategies in networking like types of
wire cables ,network devices their uses and when applicable on which was through
questioning and answering where appropriate thus grasping a lot during just the
orientation bit of my internship.

In details this chapter constitutes of activities carried out in the internship, position held
in the Company, Activities carried out in that period and methods pertained for the
activities accomplishments.

2.0.3 Position Held in the Company

User support
User support is the process of ensuring that system users are happy and working at their
desk by solving system related problems and explaining to them what they do not
understand so as to ensure proper use and complete utilization of the resources.
In the line of user support we worked at the help desk: Help desk technicians are an IT
organizations worker bees, responsible for fixing every problem they encounter. To save
time and increase efficiencies. More technicians are turning to their tablets and other
Internet-connected mobile devices to use as virtualized workspaces, giving them the
freedom to access and manage work orders from anywhere and at any time.
As help desk attendant I received more problems from the companys worker for example
network deceptiveness on which I had to handle through directing the caller and asking
the reaction of the network status and when given a go forward by the victim I give him
solution, thus the workers experiencing less down time and fewer wait periods.
I informed the workers attended on as help desk in Information Technology department in
the company with issues with their of fixes or workarounds found to prevent repetition of
same mistakes, I never keep good news to myself. When I discovered a fix or a
workaround for a known issue, shared it with other help desk. So that they could share it
with the company users, and in doing so, reduced both their workload and mines.
Documenting and debrief after I resolved the issues:
Every after I resolved an issue, I usually took few moments on documenting resolution
within the ticket, knowledge base, or other tools the organization used. In addition,
discussed it with the help desk colleagues and the supervisors who threw more light on
issues on which I could not resolve. Then sometimes we broke through with how we
could have solved the issues differently or more effectively with the help of our
supervisor.
We also prepared a simple user guide to follow when accessing, downloading and, for
disk space economy, archiving User important e-mail.

2.0.4 Activities Executed

Several activities were carried out since the company had many information and
technological problems, and its all about the way to get the solutions for such based
problems information technology is made important in such companies, thus can be
perused through below.
2.0.6 Systems administration
This involved studying the computer system. Which consists of integrated components
that work together to Perform a task? The computer system is made of hardware and
software.
2.0.7 The hardware
The computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer
system. This includes the monitor, systems unit, keyboard and mouse.
In computer hardware, I practically learnt the internal components of the systems unit,
which are the main board (mother board), processor, hard disk, memory, power supply,
the buses, the PCI, IDE and other connection media.
This gave me a good start on how to assemble the computer hardware, identifying
problems with the hardware and correcting them.
2.0.8 Software.
Software is a general term for various kinds of programs used to operate computers and
related devices.
Computer software refers to instructions that are followed mechanically by a computer to
perform a task.
They are in two categories.
The first category is Systems software, also known as the operating system. It is the
main software that controls all the operations that takes place within the computer
system. It allows for the interaction between the computer hard ware and application
software, to perform a task.
Example of operating systems:

Microsoft windows
Linux,
Macintosh,
Kinyara sugar works uses commonly windows xp professional (version 2002).
Executions tackled in system software;
Installing systems software. (Windows xp in particular);
The type of installation made was a clean installation and not an upgrade. A clean install
deletes all existing programs, personal setting and system files. A new installation also
lets you to,
Select special features such as accessibility language and advanced options.
Decide which file system you would like to use
Install XP in its own partition if you plan to run XP on a dual boot system.
The following are the steps we took while installing windows xp:
Step1>> When installing windows xp precaution should be taken to ensure that
computer meets or exceeds the minimum system requirements to run Windows XP:

300 MHz Intel or AMD CPU

128 Megabytes of system RAM (It can work with 64 Megabytes of RAM but its
not recommended)

1.5 Gigabytes of available drive space

Super VGA 800x600 Display Adapter

CD or DVD-ROM

Keyboard and mouse, or other pointing devices

Network Interface Adapter required for Internet and Network Connectivity

Step2>> One should also put in consideration to ensure that he/she has Windows XP
Product Key. On which is normally printed on a sticker on your software package. It is a
string of 5 groups of characters (each 5 long), separated by dashes, resulting in 25
characters in all. It looks like this: HHHCF-WCF9P-M3YCC-RXDXH-FC3C6.
When the software has almost finished installing, you will be asked for it. You need the
product key to complete installing Windows.
Step3>> before inserting the CD, you'll have to enter bios (in most cases by pressing
DEL on system startup) and select your primary boot device CDrom. Insert the

Windows XP Installation Disc and start your computer. When prompted to "Press any key
to boot from CD," press a key on the keyboard.
step4>> the installation program will check your hardware, install default-set
drivers, and load files necessary for installation. When arriving at the "Welcome to
Setup" screen, Press ENTER to begin the installation process.
step5>> read the License Agreement, and press F8 indicating you agree to its terms.
its advisable even if its kind of wastage of time since its almost a booklet.
step6>> on the next screen, you are presented with a summary of the available
partitions on your installed hard drives. At this point, you should see only one entry,
"Unpartitioned Space." It will be highlighted in grey. Press C on your keyboard to begin
creating partitions for the drive.
Step7>> Enter the size in megabytes for the new partition. If you intend to install only
one drive, enter the maximum amount shown. If you wish to create multiple partitions on
a single drive, remember that Windows XP requires at least 1.5 Gigabytes of space, plus
swap space, and areas for temporary files. A good rule of thumb is not to install Windows
XP on a partition less than 5 Gigabytes, unless you wish to impact performance. When
calculating, remember that there are 1,024 Megabytes per Gigabyte. Press ENTER once
you have chosen your desired partition size.
Step8>> The system will create your new partition, and you will now be at the
partition summary screen once again. Select your new partition, usually labeled "C:
Partition 1 [Raw]" and press ENTER.
Step9>> Select either "Format the Partition using the NTFS File System" OR
"Format the Partition using the FAT File System," and press ENTER. NTFS is the
preferred method, supporting a larger amount of disk space per partition than FAT, and
including security features at the file system level. NTFS also includes system level
compression. If your partition is larger than 32 Gigabytes, you must choose NTFS.
However, with a partition less than 32 Gigabytes, you can choose FAT, and convert to
NTFS later should you desire. Be aware that NTFS cannot be converted back to FAT.
It is highly recommended to avoid Quick Format, as this skips an important process
that checks the hard drive for errors or bad sectors. This scan is what consumes the
majority of the time taken when performing a full format. If there are errors on a disk at
the physical level, it's best to catch them now rather than later.

Step10>> The system will now format the partition. The length of time this process
requires depends on the speed and size of the drive, and the type of file system you
selected earlier. In most cases, the larger the partition, the longer the process will take.
Step11>> Windows will now start copying files from the installation disc and prompt
you to reboot the computer when the process is completed. Press ENTER when
prompted to reboot, otherwise it will do so automatically after 15 seconds.
Step12>> This is the most time consuming part. When the computer reboots, do not
press enter to boot from the disc this time, rather allow the computer to boot from the
hard drive. If you are greeted with the Windows XP Boot screen, all is well so far.
Step13 Now the setup program will display various marketing information to you as
it installs and configures itself to your system. The estimated time remaining is
displayed in the lower left corner. Note: it is normal for the screen to flicker, turn on and
off, or resize during this process.
Step14 Sooner or later, a dialog window will appear, asking you to choose your
Regional settings. Select appropriate settings native to your area. Click the "Next" button
when that is completed.
Step15 Enter your Product Key, (otherwise known as a CD or Install Key,) at this
window. You will not be able to complete this process without a valid Key. Click
"Next" to continue.
Step16 If your computer is going to be on a LAN (Local Area Network) at home, or
even just for kicks, give it a name.
Step17 Select your time zone, and ensure that the date/time is correct. Click "Next" to
continue.
Step18>> Leave "Typical Settings" selected for Network Setup, unless you have a
specialized access device or protocol required. Refer to the documentation for that
device for installation procedures.
Step19>> Setup will continue to install other devices and peripherals connected to
your machine, give you marketing and capability information, then reboot as before.
Step20>> Congratulations! You've installed Windows XP. There are a few more
additional set-up routines required, but you have completed the installation. Remove the
CD from the drive.
Step21>> Upon Reboot, click yes when you are informed Windows will be changing
your visual settings to improve quality.

Step22>> in the next box, if you can read the text, press the "OK" button.
Step23>> A similar screen to Part 2 of the install process will appear. If your
computer is connected to the internet, select your connection type. Press Next to
continue.
Step24>> If connected to the Internet, Select "Activate Now."
Step25>> After the Activation Process, a window will appear allowing you to select
the users for the computer. Enter your name, and the names of others who will be using
the machine. Press Next to continue.
Step26>> you will now be looking at the default Windows XP Desktop.
Congratulations! A driver is special software that controls a device or a computer
peripheral in the computer system.
After all the above steps u will be through with a clean windows installation and on
which you are ready to work on your computer by starting to install other application
software.
Precaution; its advisable not to forget to install antivirus after the accomplish of
installation of new windows.
Learnt Tasks of an operating system;
For example:
Resource management.
Hardware abstraction.
User interface.

Applications Software
These are software that are used by the computer users to perform specific tasks for
Microsoft Outlook for sending email, Internet explorer that is used for accessing
resources from remote locations.
Executions tackled in application software;

Software Installation.
The main thing in installation of application software is just being observant and
following the appropriate steps instructed to follow by the software manual since every
thing is on silver plate and its just easy as a closed questionnaire where you are given all
information needed to execute a task.
I installed different categories of several application software in various departments of
the company appropriately, for example.
Microsoft office word for document editing and anything needed for typography,
calculation, secretariat to mention but a few.
Java and oracle running the companies enterprise resource plannings system (E.R.P).
Anti-virus (most especially Kinyara sugar limited uses - kaspersky) to safe guard the
company computers from malicious codes /programs.
Net agent mainly goes hand in hand with kaspersky search for the updates of kaspersky
anti virus offline if there is a source, for example updates in a server computer.
Adobe reader was another application software installed on which was appropriately for
the reading of PDF files, which was highly used by the company employees thus its
installment.
Also of all installed software able to extract was inclusive on which is a software that is
used to change or allow use of Microsoft word 2007 with a 2007 version.
Similar to the above were also installed different software to execute the same function
with able to extract on which was (open office) on which allows the reading and editing
plus other functionality of most word documents.
Internet explorer was another software on which was installed to the company computers
on which was mainly used for the running of the company WebPages and since one of the
companys daily used software (ERP) used to run with WebPages it was also a core
software for the day to day running of the company.

Mini tool partition software on which was used for partitioning of disks in some
computers on which windows application doesnt perform the functionality of
partitioning if needed to avoid abrupt loss of data without back up after a disk crush if
encountered.
2.0.9 Servicing and Maintenance
This was a daily basis task in my internship since I was in a company which was highly
in need or well serviced and maintained computers for smooth run of electronic
approaches of the company;
Servicing and maintenance of computers involves the maintenance of computer hardware
components so that they are in good working conditions. It involves the following:
Cleaning computers like blowing dust and use of detergent to clean computer hardware
components. On which I did with my colleagues at Kinyara sugar limited for every after
3 weeks and on which a blower is needed for blowing dust from computer components,
Foam clean detergent is applied or sprayed to monitors, keyboards and system case to
make them clean and a Cloth/brush for cleaning keyboards and monitors after spray of
detergent.
2.1.0 Preventive Maintenance
The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and
facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection,
detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they
develop into major defects.
In Kinyara sugar limited we carried out different preventive measures as follows;
Upgrading of computer hardware and software.
Removal of corrupt hardware and softwares like anti-virus software.
PC's two mortal enemies are heat and moisture. Excess heat accelerates the deterioration
of the delicate circuits in your system. The most common causes of overheating are dust
and dirt: with that notice the only way we could handle this we are always up-to-date
with the hygiene of the computers thus blowing them with a blower plus cleaning it with
clean clothes to avoid such hence preventive maintenance on overheating.

Checking of pcs power protection: during our preventive maintenance used to reset the
cables plugged into surge protector. Check the unit's warning indicator, if it has one.
Surge protectors may power your PC even after being compromised by a voltage spike
(making the system susceptible to a second spike). If the power protector doesn't have a
warning indicator and the area suffers frequent power outages, we replace it with one that
has such an indicator and is UL 1449 certified.
Swiped CDs and DVDs media of the companys machines: we gently wiped each disc
with a moistened, soft cloth. Use a motion that starts at the center of the disc and then
moves outward toward the edge.
Precaution;
Never wipe a disc in a circular motion.
2.1.1 Hard Drive Partitioning In Windows Xp
Management of all hard disk is done in the Disk Management Administrative Tool.
Follow these steps to open this tool:
Click on the start button and select the Control panel Option>
Double-click on the Administrative Tools icon and then double-click on Computer
Management icon.
If your control panel is in the category view, click on performance and Maintenance, then
click on Administrative Tools, and finally double-click on computer management icon.
Then>click on the Disk Management option under the storage category.
When youre in the disk management tool you will see a listing of your current hard
drives and how they are partitioned.
This can also be done in another way by use of partitioning softwares like mini tool
partition software on which its just a matter of clicking things write and simple without
wastage of time.
2.1.2 Troubleshooting
Trouble shooting is the process of trying to discover the cause of a computer problem and
then diagnose so as solve it.

2.1.3 Trouble shooting Hardware

Trouble shooting Hardware mostly involved hardware component replacement, fixing
loose connections, power failures due to lose connections, and power surge. In some
cases we were assisted by error beeps. .
The following are some of examples of the trouble shooting scenarios I encountered;
We tried with my internship colleagues in the information technology department to
connect a client to the server but there was no network connection.
On Checking, the cabling was ok. There after found out that on installing of the server the
Ethernet drives were not installed. We installed the drivers using the restore plus CD on
the server.
After adding user and a computer to the domain, the client could not logon to the system
and the error message was The domain is not available.
So

as

to

find

solution

we

first

pinged

the

fileserver

using

its

IP

address(172.17.7.10,kinyara sugar ltd file server) and the network connectivity was ok,
since we had log in with an account of debugger authorities in the company and its
having all rights ,for example in installing deleting and assigning other tasks we checked
on user accounts to find if every information about the added users was right finding it
was okay ,we then deleted the user and the computer from the domain changed the
clients name, restarted the computer and added it on domain and used the server name
plus the password. This prompted us to restart the client computer. We later found out
that on adding the computer to the domain we were using kinyara sugar limited instead of
ksl.com.
We also carried out a trouble shooting task in a department of receiving in the company
on which the companys receiving officers computer had encountered a problem after a
thunder strike a day before.
The problem stated from the client was that the network access was not liable to him and
when we asked him how the status was reacting the officer said it was having a statement
a network cable has been unplugged.

Solution or trouble shoot carried out!

When we arrived at the Kinyara limited receiving office checking on the personal
computer on which the message stating a network cable unplugged, but the cable was
plugged in, so
In all of our minds we contemplated that the problem must be the cable faulty, network
switch access point or the main switch supply at the Rack Cabin.
So since we had the starting points we tested the network cable with a cable tester on
which it proved the cable was okay, so the next solution was to check on the Ip
addressing of the computer on which was okay, then tried with changing the switch port
to another and the other switch port was bringing the network up, thus problem resoled
after troubleshoots.
2.1.4 Backing up data in windows XP.
In Information Technology, a backup or the process of backing up refers to making
copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a
data loss event. The verb form is back up in two words, whereas the noun is backup
(often used like an adjective in compound nouns).
Backups have two distinct purposes. The primary purpose is to recover data as a reaction
to data loss, be it by data deletion or corrupted data. Data loss is a very common
experience of computer users.
The secondary purpose of backups is to recover data from a historical period of time
within the constraints of a user-defined data retention policy, typically configured within
a backup application for how long copies of data are required.
At Kinyara sugar ltd we worked on Windows XP Professional, which uses a utility when
backing up data. The Backup utility helps you protect your files and information if your
computer fails.
To start the Backup utility in windows XP Professional: follow the steps below:
Open Backup. (Click start, point to All programs, point to Accessories, point to system
Tools, and then click Backup).

The Backup or Restore Wizard starts by default, unless you disabled it. If the Backup or
Restore Wizard does not start by default, you can still use it to back up files by clicking
the Tools menu, and then clicking Backup wizard.
Click the Next.
In the Window that asks what do you want to do? Click the circle next to Backup files
and settings. Then click next.
Then the Backup Utility lets you decide how much information on your computer that
youd like to back up.
2.1.5 Configuring New Purchased Printers for the Company
In Kinyara sugar limited the printers on which are used are mainly put on network and on
which the most used type of printers used is Hp laser jet printers, and on which
procedures are followed to put such printers in the companies network and do the
executables expected from it correctly.
In this line we configured an (Hp 4014 laser jet printer) on which the configuration run
ups differs according to the windows environment used, for example for me and the
colleagues we used to configure the printers on the xp professionals windows
environment and on which the following procedures were carried out;
The first step was we had to connect the new printer to the local area network available
using a straight through cable on which we did and the cause was to get the default ip
address of the printer since most are manufactured with their ip addresses.
After the first step we had to use the printer its self to print a copy of its configuration
containing the name of the print functional plus the important part I marked was the ip
address since it was the way forward for putting the printer to the companys network,
this is advised to be done after 3-4 minutes.
The above action was due to provide us authority to change the ip address to the suitable
one to the company ip addresses of the company and on which when purchasing the
printers its made sure that the default ip address of the printer is in the same class of the

company and on which is in class B thus the printers range to ip addresses 172.17.8.
---255.
The default ip address was 169.254.45.161 there by even the gateway should be the same
even if changed but same class. There fore after discovering the default ip address we just
,the next thing to do is to connect the printer to the personal computer using a cross over
cable and precaution if using proxy it should be turned.
We then opened a browser and typed the default ip address in the address bar then took us
to the of the printer and authorized part for changing the settings and other options,
selected the option of network and which led us to the default ip address part and on
which we replaced with the preferred one by the company but in the same class ,we
replaced it with (172.17.8.116) on which was also in class B ,after that we typed it again
on the address bar of the browser and gave us way to implicate other settings we wanted
on the printer .
After the above task when you print a page for configuration from the printer the default
ip address will turn to the replaced one of the preference from the company on which we
did and the default was (172.17.8.116).
After the above it would have been automatically an already work done and few steps
should be taken into consideration to add the printer on the network so as it work
officially starts.
The following are the steps we took to add the printer on the computers so as to be used
by the clients on the network.
This was a technique task but we had to work on it cause it was simple but since the
clients were of almost the half of the department (agric field) we went on one by one to
the client users to use the machine logged into their accounts and followed steps bellow;
>> Step 1 since it was windows xp we just went to the start up and looked for printers
and faxes
>> step 2 after the selection of the above selection we were able to see an alternative of
add printer at the top left of the current screen on which we selected.

>> Step 3 after the selection of add printer alternative then a dialogue box stating
welcome to printer add wizard then choose the button next.
>> step 4 the next dialogue box appears with statement add printer wizard then with
other options but we marked on local printers attached to this computer then clicked on
next.
>> step 4 another dialogue box appears with statement select printer port with option
use the following port and create a new port on which of the to we checked on create
a new port ,then selected standard TCP/IP port.
>> step 5 after words a standard TCP/IP wizard dialogue appears and on which we just
clicked on next.
>> step 6 after clicking on next in step 5 above it takes us to a dialogue box to provide
the ip address of the printer and on which when we were feeling the ip address the name
of port is created automatically then pressed next.
>> step 7 in step seven allowing you to accept the addition of the printer hence takes us
to the last step of the addition of the printer
In the last step of the addition of printer after step seven a dialogue box appears on which
is for installations of drives for the printers and on which we selected on the button have
disk since our drives were on the network and there was no need of internet then scrolled
to the file server to fetch for the folder having the driver. After wards when the drivers
folder was correct and containing the drivers of the printer added the computer accepted
the installation thus the printer was added the computer usage hence ready to work and
started with a test page print out.
2.1.6 Configuring of wireless access point
In this configuration we started with the connecting of data link access point device to the
switch then the computer to the same switch, after words the next step was to get access
to the device and on which we did it through its default ip address on which is provided
to each wireless access point device (192.168.0.50) by typing it on the address bars and
we were in the device thus peruse through administration of the device authorization and
assigning the speed to be used in the connection ,plus even changing the default ip
address to the preferred one on which we changed the default ip to kinyara preferred
address as(172.17.11.3).

In most cases when configuring wireless access points most of the things are default and
just little changes are changed on the, device things like authorized ip addresses to be
accessing the network, type of mode to be used for example Access point (AC) mode,
wireless distribution system (WDSAP) with AP mode, and wireless distribution
system(WDS) on which its preferable to use WDSAP since it allows both the connection
of access points on laptops and even the connection of the access points with other access
points but the WDS dont allow laptops.
2.1.7 Configuration of switches and routers
This was more kind of simple to me with the experience I had gained from the packet
tracer lectures with my university lecturer in networking Mr.Kasule Abidal and on which
at work place it was more simply as at campus the lecturer perused to us the hard way out
of it.
With this configuration we used a kind of operating system software called terra term on
which was giving as the access to the switch and provision of administrative option, we
coded/configured things like the name of the password of the telnet and consol ,saved
configuration, message of the day banner Vlan and other.
2.1.8 Projects executed!
Installation of hand punch machine;
Figure a;

A hand machine is a time management system machine on which is used to record the
presence and monitoring of the employees time management at work, that is to say the
coming in and moving out of office by employees.
Its absolutely tamper proof system to avoid buddy punching. The duality of the system
ensures that employees not only show their proximity card but also punch in their hand in
the machine to record their attendance. The system checks the geometry of the hand
instead of the hand/finger print. This System works on 3D picture of hand (thickness,
length and width). The universality of the system and the machines makes it workable in
any type of industrial environment even with wet, dirty or greasy hands a clear
advantage over the Finger print reader system. The Hand Punch machine is also efficient
and easy to use with an average time of 3 seconds to punch attendance with 0% rejection
rate. This system is capable of managing up to 34,000 employees (with an option to
increase this with an extended memory) at a single location, and with the integrated
software can manage unlimited number of shifts. The company also has the option of

generating various attendance and payroll analysis reports for both Permanent and Casual
Employees directly from this system.
Main installation;
The machine was purchased from a company called (ENDAVOUR AFRICA), a branch of
Uganda. Their client base spans across East and Central Africa.
The company (Endeavour Africa) delivered the machine with their illustrators who
peruse us through the installation of the machine, the way of registry and authorization of
the machine use.
We started with the physical installation of the machine on which this constituted of
drilling the machine on the department where the machine was to be used (finance
department, kinyara sugar limited). In this task it also included the laying of cables from
it to the server room around where since it was going to be in the network and the power
supply.
After physical installation of the machine the next task was to see if task assignments can
be provided for example the registry, giving of authority and its administering.
Since all the above tasks were running as expected and the main thing now was providing
data to the machine before anything else was done with this the following was done;
Registration of administrators:
This process started with the information technology department of the company plus we
the internees cause we were also regarded as one of them since we were the ones to
peruse the others through the whole registration processes if the machine illustrator of the
product company is away;
The first person in the team to be registered was Mr. Ojok Denis, the programmer of the
kinyara sugar limited on which he was told to type his work /payment id on the machine
and after words it directed him to place his hands in the machine three teams for the first
registration. After wards since he was an administer was given the authority of
administration like adding other employees, deleting an employee from the system and
others

The next person to be registered was the network administrator of the company on which
followed the same procedures as the above since he was also a supervisor and would
have to bare the same powers as the first user, it went on like that till reaching to the
finance department of the company on which we hard to start with the general manager
(Mr.Ramadasan p), so still followed the same instructions since was also an administrator
and also given all powers like other colleagues.
This was also followed by other employees who were just power users and never had
administrative rights to assign other user on the machine or delete but just enters to check
in time and out time of his or her existence in the offices.
After a long day with number of registrations (the employees) and much hardship in
convincing the employees to register since many of them were negative in the installation
of the machine we had to commence other parts of the installation like putting the
machine to the network, installation of the running software of the machine and other
installation the next day and they were as follows;
Ip Addressing Of the Machine:
Since the hand punch machine was going to be run on the network it hard to be
configured appropriately per the companys desired address so as its being on the
network?
This was done with the help of the software embedded with the machine and on which
was the machine was having a default ip so the logic was to just interchange it with
companys ip address but in the same class per the machine default ip address.
Installation of the running software of the machine:
With the software installed was called TA Master version 11.0.807m on which makes
the machine or notifies it of on going tasks like when some one is on leave, be it any of
the type (maternal, annual and others), creating reports, addition of employees on the
system and so fort. This was done through assigning the cases appropriately according to
the employees qualification to have such.
The software also helps in the download of the information from the machine to the
computer or network.

The software even gives authorization rights like what some one can do with it for
example some employees, that is to say the non administrators were just given powers to
run scripts in the system but not editing the authorities given to then.

CHAPTER THREE
Management of the internship execise
2.0 introduction
2.1 Role of the Department of business Studies
This chapter peruses us through the benefits gained from internship, experience at work
station, and problems in line with their solutions encountered through the
accomplishment of the internship program.
3.0.1 Benefits of the internship programme to the Internee

Benefits to the Student

Offered career exploration opportunities, in a way that since every one when
entering university is when we decide where to push ourselves to the suitable
career that suits us and then perused through the theoretical part of it, when in
Kinyara sugar limited I had a view on what can be good in ad my weaknesses so
as that will push me to have right decision for specialization in career.

Provides a hands-on experience, most of us doing the information and

communication technology take long to have chance in having a clear look of
what we study in lecture rooms in almost all of the third world countries like
Uganda due to expenses that can be incurred thus with the chance given to have
hands on theoretic part I had and in a daily basis I gained experience needed at
Kinyara sugar Limited hence a benefit.

Strengthened marketability, in this line the internship held in the company has
indeed added value to my curriculum vita on which considerably if any vacancies
needed in the company still will conceder me due to the hard work I showed them
and even the content they perused me through can be applied in most of
organization working with information and communication technologies.

Offered opportunity to make money ,in a way that the things on which I now had
to see as simple were seen as magic when I did them to people without the
knowledge I was perused through for example with the repair and maintenance
line perused through I was able to repair computers of colleagues and in return I
was paid since they had lost hope thus a benefit from the internship

The internship also might lead to my permanent job recruitment on which the
organization I worked in usually needs people they trust and since they had trust
in me I dont think after my course it may be a mistake if am given a permanent
job.

Provided me with opportunity for networking, in this line with the organization
big networks I worked in , having 5 server rooms, over 30 rack cabins full of

switches it was a good experience in networking and I appreciate everything

perused through.

The internship programme perused and gave me chance to abide with projects on
which I had never done one concerning information and communication
technology ,in this line I masterminded in the installation of a new machine
brought in the company (hand punch machine) ,and even the network
extnesioning in some senior staffs.

The internship program also helped me out in the building of contacts of my

future job search on which would have been really hard without it and with the
capability seen in me with the people I worked with the through the period paved
my hopes for future job search.

The internship programme also helped me in learning career-related skills such as,
public speaking, report-writing, plus dealing with customers.

Benefit to the Organization

A special staff for short-term projects or long-term ongoing operations on which I

did them through their special guidance.

A flexible, cost-effective work force not requiring a long-term employer

commitment

A chance to preview the performance of strong candidates for future employment

in a variety of jobs

Benefit to the Public

In the end of all activities there was a need for report documentation concerned with all
things done in the internship that regards the information technology disciplines on which
will be used by the public as for future reference as considered with the detailed contents
in it, I think t will be a good go ahead for people in the information and technology
section in need of such information contained in the report.

3.0.2 Problems Encountered During Internship

Negotiation with the company clients, with this it was experienced in situations where by
I was sent to execute a given task for example when most of the clients were having
problem with application software, network cables or network cards, the clients were
always negative before resolving their problems but positive after you resolving it thus
through confidence I had to do away with such situations.
Location of departments where tasks are assigned, in this line the problem in a way that
the company was too big constituted of about six departments and in them there are
sections and sub sections on which were really hard for me to locate but with time I had
to cope up with it.
Another problem encountered was access to some company accounts on which was much
kind of with administrative tools and would have been good in building up my security
skills of a personal computer, but still no complains because most of the authorization
were given to us for example installation account, and even internet access accounts and
many other authorities on the companys machines.
I also accoutered a problem of bumping into issues un knowingly or without anything
like plan, that is to say they used to send me to settle specific issues in different
departments and on which reaching there I solved, then the client also supplements some
other problems with their PCs that I was not informed about and still had to work on
them.
Another problem was transport to the different departments where assignments were
given for example some times we had to carry PCs from the information technology
section to respective departments after working on them in our section.
Another problem was that I never had a chance to have full time with my supervisor since
we were in a busy working environment with full of complaints every hour or even thirty
minutes past which he hard to work on thus not benefiting much as I would have

benefited with his skills if I used to have full time though no complains since the time we
always had was utilized appropriately.
I also had a problem with the networking bit in the internship period on which no matter
how hard I tried to grasp what I was told something was always wrong and asked for
more help, in this line was more confused when it came to the telephone wire lines on
which were many in their cabins and the way the company switches were all connected to
the network of the company it really took all of my mind how they were connected but
with time I got the basics.
I also encountered a problem of decision making among assignments given with
colleagues on which we carried out some assignments together and did some things with
their decisions but not mine and I could not up loud mine just cause I saw my self over
controlling them as I was always the one operating the machine where our assignment
were done but latter realized that it was a team work and gave them chance to operate
cause when some times I failed all the blame was on me.
Another problem faced during the internship period was unreachable promises with the
company ,in this line alongside the acceptance letter of the internship by kinyara sugar
limited we were promised some allowances in every month in which indeed we deserved
it per the services we offered but no complaints cause we gain much than the allowances
to be provided.
Lastly as Robert Brault say Man is the only animal who enjoys the consolation of
believing in a next life, all other animals enjoy the consolation of not worrying about it.
I worried about the problems I encountered and still with due respect I dont regret as
working with the company was the best experience I have ever had in my career.

3.0.3 Work Experiences

When I first arrived, it was unclear to me exactly what my duties were to be. This was
because my theoretic part that I had been used of was not clearly predicting and
indicating exactly what I was to work on since there was a lot to work on take it in the
perspective of working of phones on which even never crossed my mind that I would
work on. Through my senior supervisor Collins Masaba, my immediate supervisors Ojok

Denis and Mugisha Doreen and other colleagues I was working with in Kinyara sugar
limited , I was able to quickly understand what my work involved and to what extend I
was to do it. The following were some of the motivations that made my work easier and
enjoyable:
Social Experience Gained.
Working as team with the rest of the Supervisors, My Colleague and the Workers or
Users of Information and the Technology in the company was something that I truly
treasured then since it was through them that I found it more enjoyable and easy to deal
with my assignments in Kinyara sugar works limited (Masindi, Uganda) concerned with
the internship program.

Working on projects that I believed would eventually provide a clear understanding on

the state of the real life of information technology. This gave me the morale to work even
harder in order to meet deadlines. For example in most of the projects like (the
installation of hand punch machine ) on which would have been carried out by about 2
days ended up being covered in three days just so as to take us in the pace that would
make us grasp the procedures.

Being given a chance to learn and use most of the authorized tools of the company like
the accounts on which were not restricted to access administrative tools like security
,installation ,access to servers with appropriate softwares of the company systems, plus
internet protocols (ip addresses) to most used networks in the company . Thus not
allowed to the main employees at the company gave as confidence and the trust given
made as gain experience that we never even expected.
Also in one of the projects that was carried out (hand punch machine installation) really
gave me ideas in working in resisting situation ,that is to say to be point blank the
installation of the machine was not at any point in the favor of the company workers
since it was checking their times in office or monitoring their daily presence and time of
work delivery ,we had miss understandings with them and took all of our time to
convince any of the workers register but lastly accepted ,thus showing need of
interpersonal skills in every work to do.

Merely similar to the above I also gained interpersonal skills indirectly without my
knowledge in that we were always sent to different people, with different age, capacities
and protocols on which the way you had to handle them was really and at first mistakes
were made but later corrected, hence gaining the interpersonal skill in communicating to
them.
Daily Learnings grasped
Training programmes
Kinyara sugar limited training programmes are not confined to the classroom. While
face-to-face training does of course take place, I have been able to interact with different
professionals acquiring both knowledge and advice; this has kept in check on challenging
situations.
I met new friends in kinyara sugar limited this enabled me to increase my interaction and
socialization. For example the safety officer of the factory Mr. Moses to whom I
encountered every time when he had a problem with his personal computer and worked
on it appropriately.
I surely, learnt to live in a working environment. This is witnessed by the time of arrival
and departure, I was expected to be in the office by 8am every morning and indeed I kept
time throughout the training and departure after 4:30pm.

Risk management and mitigation skills, were also among the fruits I gained in the
internship program. This is witnessed in most situations where I had to make both
personal and work related decisions when faced with various problems.
Finally, industrial training has greatly helped me work in a team. My team work skills
were greatly improved.

Smartness and neatness was also been greatly affected. I had to adopt to corporate
dressing.
Experience gained on career development.

Kinyara sugar limited offers structured career development opportunities,

comprehensive training schemes and the chance to learn from experienced, inspiring
mentors in every area of the business.
The management of their systems
The IT infrastructure in the company.
Various software used in the company.
Security measures applied in the companys information and technology safety.
I have gained customer care and service skills. This has enable me be good at service
delivery when required to.
Professionally, I have gained Report writing skills. This is greatly reflected in the
various reports mostly the daily, weekly and fortnight reports I had to write.
Industrial training has helped me understand the software development cycle and the
various procedures involved in the development cycle.
On the professional scope, I have also gained different skills in computer
troubleshooting and preventive maintenance.

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONCLUSION
4.0.1 Comments on Assignment
My original career interests were entirely entangled in the applicability of the theoretic
part covered at my course study in the university to practical situations and in solving
spatial problems that were related to Information Technology. Currently this has changed
since my interests in Information Technology issues have taken several huge upgrades
since I started handling my assignments in Kinyara sugar limited (Masindi, Uganda).
All I can say on the assignment and proudly saying ,there was nothing like a waste of
time since I was given all support and guidance through out on which no one cant prosper
may be only he is not in line with his/her prosperity.

4.0.2 Recommendations
One drawback was the limited time. This time was insufficient to have a comprehensive
understanding of all the activities that take place in the department given the small
number of the trainees handling many activities. I therefore recommend that the
management of kinyara sugar limited creates more room for the trainees to allow them
have a comprehensive study of all the activities.
Similar and at most to the above statement also the period of six weeks on which was
given by the university for the attachment to be carried out was insufficient and on which
made us to leave out many of the activities on which would have been grateful if we
perused through them.
Another draw back was on information of what the internee was to do, and what he/she
should expect from the internship so as to allow the internee to have the right choice per
his/her pursuing course at the university, in this line student should have right to know
what they are going to go through is in the line of what their career is concerned.
I also recommend that it would have been grateful if the internees are given some
allowance no matter how small it might be but they really deserve it and some tomes its
like a motivational part played for them to do more than they even expected from them
thus satisfying both ends.
Another recommendation goes to my university so as to also try a little bit hard to such
for the free vacancies of the internship places on which was an ups and downs for many
of our colleagues to whom still at the end never succeeded.
Another recommendation I would like to put up that goes to my university, is to provide
and follow up where the students have been offered chance to do their industrial
attachment, relate with them so as to allow other students in next years to come, that is to
say bridging gap of relationship between the university and the organization that offered
student internship practice most especially for free plus considering the content that was
lastly provided by the student from search organization, inline to internship offers to
their students to avoid hectic search for a place thus disorganizing of students.

Lastly my recommendation goes to my university so as to be able and change the way of

updating the student about the internship program, things like deadline of the report since
all of our email addresses are with them and provide electronic way of the supervisors
checking of our assessments every week since some of the students did their practice far
away form the residing place of the campus and the supervisor could not make it easily
every work to such places.

4.0.3 Completion of the Assignments

Most of the assignments that I did handle were long-term that had already started and
they were at the most advanced stages of their completion.
For example with the networking part, it was a daily routine since the company was
creating their own cables but not buying new already made straight through or crossover
cables, the switches were also configured on almost a daily basis according to new users
in need of access to the networks, When I joined Kinyara sugar works limited (Masindi,
Uganda), there had been previous work that had been done on the same. It therefore made
sense to me to continue doing what the rest of the team was doing (networking different
networks, configuration of networks, repairing of computer hardwares, provision of end
user support plus other components, systems administering and development plus internet
services and solving of minor personal computer problems faced by the workers of the
company).
4.0.4 In Summation:
I have learnt a great deal at kinyara sugar limited. My exposure to various leading
technological tools has enhanced my technical knowledge. My better understanding of
corporate protocols and working environment stems from the fact that I was allowed
ample working space and responsibilities to make my own judgments. Spending time on
an internship is an excellent way to get into gear for the corporate world after months of
academics. It allows an individual to apply new skill sets learned at school and warms up
the mind for then coming years of career ahead.

I would like to conclude by saying that even though every person will have a different
story to tell, the common factor that binds us all is the good work done by our
predecessors in the information technology program in Islamic university in Uganda that
has given us a good reputation in East Africa and Africa at large. I have given more than
100% of my efforts to keep up that good work and I am sure that my colleagues have
done the same. I am hopeful that as we pass through the corridors of this great institution
into the real world, this legacy will be kept and upheld by the future generation of Islamic
university in Uganda.
(The secret of success is constancy of purpose. - Benjamin Disraeli)

4.0.5

Appendix I: kinyara sugar limited Support Procedure

1. A client requests help from the IT section through its help desk, the call is logged
and the problem is assigned to a member of the IT staff.
2. IT will contact the person to ascertain the extent of the problem and obtain
additional information. If the problem can be solved remotely, IT will ask for the
computer name and then will start remote tools for that particular client and if the
client agent is found, the remote support window shall open as below.
Figure b

3. In order for IT to remotely support the PC, the user must give his/her permission
by clicking YES on the popup box.
4. IT may then take remote control of the clients computer. This takes over the users
system in real time and allows the support person to actually view the nature of
the problem and fix it without physically attending the users desk.
5. IT will view your PC desktop just as you do. You should not attempt to control the
PC or the mouse during this time; simply let IT work on the problem.

Figure c

6. When complete, IT will confirm the problem is either fixed or requires a physical
attendance and the user may disconnect the session.
Note:
The user can disconnect the support person at anytime by right clicking the small icon at
the right top corner of the screen and selecting close session.
Figure d

Figure e

Appendix II: Kinyara Sugar Works LAN

References:

Information Technology Manuals (Kinyara Sugar Limited)

Kinyara sugar works limited magazine

Oracle 10gTM administration I study guide (Chip Dawes, Bob Breyla, Joseph C. Johns,

Mathew Weishan)

Procedural Documentations, (Kinyara Sugar Limited)

Www.Endeavourafrica.Com/Contacts.Html

www.pcmag.com

www.robertbrault.com (Robert Brault)