Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Depressões em Doenças
Neurológicas
Renério Fráguas Júnior* Serafim Carvalho**
Cerca de 60% dos pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral, epilepsia, ou doença de
sumário
palavras–chave
interconsulta, depressão secundária, transtor-
nos mentais orgânicos, doença de Parkinson,
acidente vascular cerebral, epilepsia
About 60% of patients with stroke, epilepsy or Parkinson disease may develop
summary
key-words
C-L psychiatry, secondary depression, organic
mental syndromes, Parkinson disease, stroke,
epilepsy
* Coordenador do Grupo de Interconsultas do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina
da Universidade de São Paulo
**Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Psiquiatria, HCF–Porto; Coordenador da Área da Psiquiatria C-L do Sector Porto-
Oriental; Mestre em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, UP
CORRESPONDÊNCIA: Renério Fráguas Júnior MD. PhD. Grupo de Interconsultas de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da
Universidade de São Paulo. Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos s/n. CEP 05403010. São Paulo, Brasil. email: rfraguas@hcnet.usp.br. Fax 55 11 36676547
6 Júnior, Renério Fráguas; Carvalho, Serafim
moderada ou grave foi relatada em 25% 60% dos casos e associada a níveis de
dos pacientes com epilepsia de difícil ansiedade significativamente elevados
controle (Becú et al., 1993). Utilizando (Robertson et al., 1987).
critérios diagnósticos específicos de A prevalência de antecedentes pes-
acordo com a Associação Psiquiátrica soais e familiares de depressão, embora
Americana (DSM-III-R), depressão maior elevada (Hancock & Bevilacqua, 1971;
foi detectada em 38% de doentes com Robertson et al., 1987), é menor do
epilepsia parcial complexa de difícil con- que a encontrada em pacientes com
trole (Victoroff et al., 1990). depressão primária (Mendez et al.,
A maior prevalência de depressão 1986).
no sexo feminino encontrada na popu- Pacientes com epilepsia apresentam
lação geral não é observada em paci- uma taxa de suicídio quatro vezes mai-
entes com epilepsia. Embora alguns es- or do que a população geral, esta taxa
tudos relatem uma maior prevalência sobe para 25 vezes considerando-se
de depressão associada à epilepsia no apenas pacientes com epilepsia do lobo
sexo feminino (Robertson et al., 1987; temporal (Barraclough, 1981, Matthews
Hermann & Whitman, 1989) vários tra- & Barabas, 1981, Barraclough, 1987). Al-
balhos indicam uma prevalência similar teração de personalidade com caracte-
em relação ao sexo masculino. Compa- rísticas de borderline, impulsividade e
rando com controles em clínica geral, sintomas psicóticos contribuem para
pacientes com epilepsia do sexo mas- esta taxa elevada, mais do que factores
culino apresentaram maior pontuação psicossociais, uso de anticonvulsivantes
para depressão enquanto no sexo fe- ou especificidades das crises convulsivas
minino não se constatou diferença en- (Mendez et al., 1989).
tre os grupos. Outros estudos também O início tardio da epilepsia pode
não encontraram diferença estatistica- aumentar o risco para a ocorrência da
mente significativa na prevalência da depressão, por outro lado, a maior du-
depressão associada à epilepsia entre o ração da epilepsia pode aumentar a
sexo masculino e feminino (Altschuler gravidade da depressão (Robertson et
et al.,1990 e Victoroff et al.,1990). al., 1987).
Vários factores indiciam que o AVC pacientes com AVC estavam fortemente
pode levar a ocorrência de depressão associados à ocorrência de depressão,
devido a alterações fisiopatoló-gicas que pode favorecer o sub-diagnóstico do
(organicidade) e não apenas psicológicas transtorno depressivo quando esses sin-
(Quadro 3). tomas são genericamente atribuídos ao
AVC. A depressão pós-AVC tende a ma-
Quadro 3. Factores que indicam nifestar-se precocemente, mas em 30%
organicidade na depressão pós AVC dos pacientes ela pode ter início após a
• Maior prevalência de depressão do que alta hospitalar. Seis meses após o AVC a
em doenças com o mesmo grau de in- depressão maior ou menor ainda pode
capacidade estar presente em 86% dos pacientes.
• A associação entre a gravidade da de- Com um ano de evolução a maioria
pressão e a localização da lesão dos pacientes com depressão maior
• Humor não relacionado com o compro- apresentam remissão, enquanto pacien-
metimento físico tes com depressão menor tendem a
• Presença de hostilidade, irritabilidade, per- apresentar pior prognóstico, com ten-
da do afecto normal, labilidade emocional dência para a cronicidade (Robinson et
• Presença de déficit cognitivo al., 1987). A tendência para a cronicida-
• Menor presença de história familiar de de foi associada com presença de AVC
doença afectiva do que em pacientes cortical, enquanto lesões subcorticais e
com depressão primária. cerebelares apresentaram maior percen-
• Lentificação psíquica tagem de remissão com a evolução
(Starkstein et al., 1988). Após 7 anos de
seguimento de duas populações, a fre-
quência de depressão em doentes com
AVC é de 20% contra 11% em contro-
los normais (Dam, 2001).
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