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UNIT 1 Revision
and Exam Practice
EXAM: THURSDAY 12TH JUNE 2014
In this booklet you will find all the points and
subject content needed to revise for Physics
Unit 1. You will find multiple questions
throughout the booklet to test your
understanding of a certain topic. There are no
answers. You should know if it is right or
wrong!
Name:
GCSE Exam
Question
A man drinks tea on a daily basis, he drinks out of a white cup.
Explain why having a black mug helps the tea stay warmer for
longer
(2 marks)
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P1.1.3 Energy Transfer by heating
Conduction
Conduction occurs mainly in solids.
Most liquids and gases are poor conductors
When 1 end of a solid is heated, the particles of the end gain
KINETIC energy and vibrate more. The energy is then passed to
the neighbouring particles and this way the enerfy is transferred by
the solid.
This process occurs in metals. Metals are EXCELLENT
conductors.
Metals have FREE ELECTRONS. When metals are heated their
free electrons gain kinetic energy and move through the metal.
They transfer their energy by colliding with other particles
Poor conductors are called insulators. Materials like wool and fibre
glass are good insualtors because they contain trapped air.
GCSE QUESTION
Explain why saucepans are much more common with plastic handles
than metal handles. (3 marks)
P1.1.4- Convection
Convection occurs in fluids (liquids and gases).
When a fluid is heated, it expands. The fluid then becomes less
dense and rises. The warm fluid is replaced by cooler/denser fluid.
The
resulting
CONVECTION
CURRENTS
*Describe as fully as you can how the design of a vacuum flask keeps
liquid inside hot
6 mark questions
There will be at least 1 6 mark question in the Physics paper.
You need to have a coherent understanding on how the examiners mark
these six mark questions so you can confidently tackle them in the
exam.
The 6 mark question you encountered on the above page is from the
June 2013 paper. Here is the mark scheme for it. Have a go at marking it
yourself!
1) First of all, the examiners will place your mark into a band. Level 1
Level 2 or Level 3. They will look for spelling mistakes, punctuation
and how well you convey your answer.
2) Then they will look for scientific points to back up your answer.
Here are some scientific points you could of used in your reponse.
The greater the mass of a substance being heated the more enrgy
required for each degree temperature change. If we had a 2kg
piece of copper we would need to transfer twice the energy
needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of copper bu the same
amount.
Equation for
Specific Heat
Capacity
E=m x c x
E= Energy
M= Mass
C= Specific Heat Capacity
= Temperature Change
Practice Question
1) The Specific Heat Capacity of water is 4200J/kgC . How much
energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2kg of water by
1C.
.
PAST EXAMINATION QUESTION
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Solar heating panels contain water that is heated by radiation from the sun. This
water may then be used to heat buildings or provide domestic/home use hot water.
Solar heating panels are cheap to run because they do not use fuel. This is
environmetnally beneficial as it does not produce Carbon Dioxide emissions which is
a common cause of global warming. However they are expensive to buy and install
and the water is not heated at night.
Opininated Questions
Opinionated questions ask your opinion of something as long as you can justify them
with valid scientific points.
Exam Question
Why do you think the copper pipes that contain the water in a solar heating panel
are often painted black?
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P1.2-Energy and Efficiency
Forms of Energy
C-Chemical(Nuclear)
H-Heat
E-Elastic Potential
Electrical
Kinetic
Y
S-Sound
Light
A
Gravitational Potential
ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
IT CAN ONLY BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER
When a bowling ball knocks over pins that had been standing still,
energy is transferred from the ball to the pins. No energy is lost.
Beth hit the wall so hard that she put a hole in it. Energy was
transferred from Beths body to the drywall, causing it to move.
When the car hit the curb it broke apart. Energy from the moving
car was transferred to the non-moving cement, causing it to move.
ENERGY IS
MEASURED IN J
JOULES
Ther
As you should know energy CAN NOT BE CREATED OR
e is a only transferred.
DESTROYED
This means that the total amount of energy is always the
list
same.
This is called the ruel of the CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY and it applies to ALL energy transferrs.
of
ener
gy
trans
P1.2.3- Useful Energy
fers
abov
e
P1.2.2- The Conservation of Energy
Practice Question
In a light bulb for every 25 joules of energy that are
supplied to the bulb,
5 joules are usefully transferred into light energy. Calculate
the efficiency
5j
of the bulb
useful
25j
20j
useful
SANKEY DIAGRAMS
Sankey diagrams illustrate how much input energy is
transformed into different types of energy
The wider the arrow the more energy it shows
So the width of the arrow shows the amount of energy
Electrical Appliances
Practice Question
An electric motor transfers 48 kJ of electrical energy into
kinetic energy in 2 minutes. What is the useful power
output of the motor?
E=pxt
E= is the energy transferred in killowatt hours, kWh
Question
HEAT EXCHANGER
A heat exchanger costs 1000 to install
The annual savings are 100
What is the payback time?
Easy way to do this is to divide the cost of installation by the
annual savings
1000 /100= 10
How
do
power
station
s
work?
DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL
1)
FUELS (coal)
Fossil
fuels
are
limited resources therefore they will eventually run out, forcing us
to use renewable enrgy resources
2) When fossil fuels are burnt to produce energy, they release carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other green house gases which
contribute to global warming
3) S0 causes acid rain, which could potentially ruin building
structures
4) S0 poses a risk for breathing/living creatures
NUCLEAR POWER
The main nuclear powers that we use are uranium and plutonium.
Unlike coal, they arent burnt to produce energy, they instead undergo nuclear
fission reactions. This is where the nuclei atoms are split to produce their
energy therefore they do not release greenhouse gases such as Carbon
Dioxide
The rest of the process of generating electricity is then identical to the process
using fossil fuels. The heat energy is used to boil water. The kinetic energy in
the expanding steam spins turbines, which then drive generators to produce
electricity
Advantages
Unlike fossil fuels, they do not release the harmful greenhosue gases
such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
They produce A LOT of energy
Disadvantages
They are non renewable therfore they will eventually run out
If there is an accident, lots of radioactive material could be released
into the environment, posing a serious cancerous risk from all of the
radiation. This will cause massive disruption as the radioactive material
Renewabl
e
Energy
*As fossil fuels are running out at a rapid pace, we need to start
usingResource
a range of renewable ways to produce our energy which
will aslo help to conserve the environment
s
Wind Power
Wind is produced due to GIANT convection currents in the
atmosphere of the Earth, which are driven by heat energy from
the Sun.
The KINETIC ENERGY in the wind is a renewable energy
resource
Advantages
Disadvantages
Biofuels
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel are used mainly
for transport needs. Ethanol is produced by the sugar
cane when being used as a bio fuel.
Advantages
They are
renewable which
means they will
never run out
They are carbon
neutral
Tidal Waves
Disadvantages
They produce
CO when burnt
There is a chance
of crop failure
therefore it is an
unreliable way of
renewable
energy