OPA227

OPA2227
OPA4227

OPA
4

227

OPA

227

OPA
2

227

OPA
42

OPA2

27

OPA228

27

OPA2

227

OPA2228
OPA4228
SBOS110A MAY 1998 REVISED JANUARY 2005

High Precision, Low Noise

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

LOW NOISE: 3nV/Hz

WIDE BANDWIDTH:
OPA227: 8MHz, 2.3V/s
OPA228: 33MHz, 10V/s

The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps combine low

noise and wide bandwidth with high precision to make them
the ideal choice for applications requiring both ac and precision dc performance.

SETTLING TIME: 5s
(significant improvement over OP-27)

The OPA227 is unity-gain stable and features high slew rate

(2.3V/s) and wide bandwidth (8MHz). The OPA228 is optimized for closed-loop gains of 5 or greater, and offers higher
speed with a slew rate of 10V/s and a bandwidth of 33MHz.

HIGH CMRR: 138dB

HIGH OPEN-LOOP GAIN: 160dB
LOW INPUT BIAS CURRENT: 10nA max
LOW OFFSET VOLTAGE: 75V max
WIDE SUPPLY RANGE: 2.5V to 18V
OPA227 REPLACES OP-27, LT1007, MAX427

The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps are ideal for

professional audio equipment. In addition, low quiescent
current and low cost make them ideal for portable applications requiring high precision.

OPA228 REPLACES OP-37, LT1037, MAX437

The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps are pin-for-pin

replacements for the industry standard OP-27 and OP-37
with substantial improvements across the board. The dual
and quad versions are available for space savings and perchannel cost reduction.

SINGLE, DUAL, AND QUAD VERSIONS

APPLICATIONS

DATA ACQUISITION
TELECOM EQUIPMENT
GEOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS
VIBRATION ANALYSIS
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
PROFESSIONAL AUDIO EQUIPMENT
ACTIVE FILTERS

The OPA227, OPA228, OPA2227, and OPA2228 are

available in DIP-8 and SO-8 packages. The OPA4227 and
OPA4228 are available in DIP-14 and SO-14 packages
with standard pin configurations. Operation is specified
from 40C to +85C.
OPA4227, OPA4228

POWER SUPPLY CONTROL

SPICE model available for OPA227 at www.ti.com

Out A

OPA227, OPA228

Out A

Trim

Trim

In A

In

V+

+In A

+In

Output

NC

8
A
B

Out D

In A

13

In D

+In A

12

+In D

V+

11

+In B

10

+In C

OPA2227, OPA2228

14
D

V+

Out B

In B

+In B

In B

In C

Out B

Out C

DIP-14, SO-14

DIP-8, SO-8
DIP-8, SO-8
NC = Not Connected

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Copyright 1998-2005, Texas Instruments Incorporated

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

www.ti.com

SPECIFICATIONS: VS = 5V to 15V
OPA227 Series
At TA = +25C, and RL = 10k, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = 40C to +85C.
OPA227PA, UA
OPA2227PA, UA
OPA4227PA, UA

OPA227P, U
OPA2227P, U
PARAMETER

CONDITION

OFFSET VOLTAGE
Input Offset Voltage
VOS
OTA = 40C to +85Cver Temperature
vs Temperature
dVOS/dT
vs Power Supply
PSRR
TA = 40C to +85C
vs Time
Channel Separation (dual, quad)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
Input Bias Current
TA = 40C to +85C
Input Offset Current
TA = 40C to +85C

MIN

TYP
5

0.1

VS = 2.5V to 18V

0.5

2.5

IOS

2.5

Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 10Hz en

f = 100Hz
f = 1kHz
Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz
in

90
15
3.5
3
3
0.4

NOISE
Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz

VCM
CMRR

INPUT IMPEDANCE
Differential
Common-Mode
AOL

FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Gain Bandwidth Product
GBW
Slew Rate
SR
Settling Time: 0.1%
0.01%
Overload Recovery Time
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise THD+N
OUTPUT
Voltage Output
TA = 40C to +85C

VO = (V)+2V to (V+)2V, RL = 10k

132
132
132
132

10k
10k
600
600

TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specified Range
Operating Range
Storage Range
Thermal Resistance
SO-8 Surface Mount
DIP-8
DIP-14
SO-14 Surface Mount

5
2.5

VS
IQ

IO = 0
IO = 0

10

10

10
10

160
160

JA

150
100
80
100

200

V
V
V/C
V/V
V/V
V/mo
V/V
dB

nA
nA
nA
nA

200
2

nVp-p
nVrms
nV/Hz
nV/Hz
nV/Hz
pA/Hz

V
dB
dB

|| pF
|| pF

dB
dB
dB
dB

(V+)2
(V+)2
(V+)3.5
(V+)3.5

40
55
65

UNITS

(V+)2

3.7

MAX

45
See Typical Curve

ISC
CLOAD

POWER SUPPLY
Specified Voltage Range
Operating Voltage Range
Quiescent Current (per amplifier)
TA = 40C to +85C

0.3

2
2

138

(V)+2
(V)+2
(V)+3.5
(V)+3.5

TYP
10

8
2.3
5
5.6
1.3
0.00005

G = 1, 10V Step, CL = 100pF

G = 1, 10V Step, CL = 100pF
VIN G = VS
f = 1kHz, G = 1, VO = 3.5Vrms
RL =
RL =
RL =
RL =

75

100
0.6

107 || 12
109 || 3

VO = (V)+3.5V to (V+)3.5V, RL = 600

TA = 40C to +85C

TA = 40C to +85C
Short-Circuit Current
Capacitive Load Drive

(V)+2
120
120

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V

OPEN-LOOP GAIN
Open-Loop Voltage Gain
TA = 40C to +85C

MIN

0.2
0.2
110

dc
f = 1kHz, RL = 5k

IB

INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

Common-Mode Voltage Range
Common-Mode Rejection
TA = 40C to +85C

MAX

MHz
V/s
s
s
s
%

V
V
V
V
mA

V
V
mA
mA

C
C
C

15
18
3.8
4.2

+85
+125
+150

C/W
C/W
C/W
C/W

Specifications same as OPA227P, U.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

SPECIFICATIONS: VS = 5V to 15V
OPA228 Series
At TA = +25C, and RL = 10k, unless otherwise noted.
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = 40C to +85C.
OPA228PA, UA
OPA2228PA, UA
OPA4228PA, UA

OPA228P, U
OPA2228P, U
PARAMETER

CONDITION

OFFSET VOLTAGE
Input Offset Voltage
VOS
OTA = 40C to +85Cver Temperature
vs Temperature
dVOS/dT
vs Power Supply
PSRR
TA = 40C to +85C
vs Time
Channel Separation (dual, quad)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
Input Bias Current
TA = 40C to +85C
Input Offset Current
TA = 40C to +85C

MIN

TYP
5

0.1

VS = 2.5V to 18V

0.5

2.5

IOS

2.5

Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 10Hz en

f = 100Hz
f = 1kHz
Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz
in

90
15
3.5
3
3
0.4

NOISE
Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz

VCM
CMRR

INPUT IMPEDANCE
Differential
Common-Mode
AOL

FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Minimum Closed-Loop Gain
Gain Bandwidth Product
GBW
Slew Rate
SR
Settling Time: 0.1%
0.01%
Overload Recovery Time
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise THD+N
OUTPUT
Voltage Output
TA = 40C to +85C

VO = (V)+2V to (V+)2V, RL = 10k

132
132
132
132

10k
10k
600
600

TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specified Range
Operating Range
Storage Range
Thermal Resistance
SO-8 Surface Mount
DIP-8
DIP-14
SO-14 Surface Mount

5
2.5

VS
IQ

IO = 0
IO = 0

10

10

10
10

160
160

JA

150
100
80
100

200

V
V
V/C
V/V
V/V
V/mo
V/V
dB

nA
nA
nA
nA

200
2

nVp-p
nVrms
nV/Hz
nV/Hz
nV/Hz
pA/Hz

V
dB
dB

|| pF
|| pF

dB
dB
dB
dB

(V+)2
(V+)2
(V+)3.5
(V+)3.5

40
55
65

UNITS

(V+)2

3.7

MAX

45
See Typical Curve

ISC
CLOAD

POWER SUPPLY
Specified Voltage Range
Operating Voltage Range
Quiescent Current (per amplifier)
TA = 40C to +85C

0.3

2
2

138

(V)+2
(V)+2
(V)+3.5
(V)+3.5

TYP
10

5
33
11
1.5
2
0.6
0.00005

G = 5, 10V Step, CL = 100pF, CF =12pF

G = 5, 10V Step, CL = 100pF, CF =12pF
VIN G = VS
f = 1kHz, G = 5, VO = 3.5Vrms
RL =
RL =
RL =
RL =

75

100
0.6

107 || 12
109 || 3

VO = (V)+3.5V to (V+)3.5V, RL = 600

TA = 40C to +85C

TA = 40C to +85C
Short-Circuit Current
Capacitive Load Drive

(V)+2
120
120

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V

OPEN-LOOP GAIN
Open-Loop Voltage Gain
TA = 40C to +85C

MIN

0.2
0.2
110

dc
f = 1kHz, RL = 5k

IB

INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

Common-Mode Voltage Range
Common-Mode Rejection
TA = 40C to +85C

MAX

V/V
MHz
V/s
s
s
s
%

V
V
V
V
mA

V
V
mA
mA

C
C
C

15
18
3.8
4.2

+85
+125
+150

C/W
C/W
C/W
C/W

Specifications same as OPA228P, U.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

www.ti.com

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)

Supply Voltage .................................................................................. 18V
Signal Input Terminals, Voltage ........................ (V) 0.7V to (V+) +0.7V
Current ....................................................... 20mA
Output Short-Circuit(2) .............................................................. Continuous
Operating Temperature .................................................. 55C to +125C
Storage Temperature ..................................................... 65C to +150C
Junction Temperature ...................................................................... 150C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................................. 300C
NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage.
Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade
device reliability. (2) Short-circuit to ground, one amplifier per package.

PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION

ELECTROSTATIC
DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling
and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation
to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be
more susceptible to damage because very small parametric
changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.

For the most current package and ordering information, see

the Package Option Addendum located at the end of this
datasheet, or refer to our web site at www.ti.com.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES

At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

OPEN-LOOP GAIN/PHASE vs FREQUENCY

OPEN-LOOP GAIN/PHASE vs FREQUENCY

AOL (dB)

120
100

80

20

160

40

140

60

120

80

100

100

60

120

OPA228

20
40

60
80

80

100

60

120
140

40

140

40

20

160

20

160

180

180

20
0.01 0.10

10

100

1k

20
0.01 0.10

200
10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

10

100

1k

200
10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

POWER SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE

REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY

INPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT NOISE

SPECTRAL DENSITY vs FREQUENCY

140

100k

120

Voltage Noise (nV/Hz)

Current Noise (fA/Hz)

PSRR, CMRR (dB)

+CMRR
100
+PSRR

80
60

PSRR

40
-20
0

Current Noise

1k

100

10

Voltage Noise

1
0.1

10

100

1k

10k

100k

1M

0.1

10

100

1k

10k

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE

vs FREQUENCY

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE

vs FREQUENCY

0.01

0.01

OPA227

VOUT = 3.5Vrms

THD+Noise (%)

VOUT = 3.5Vrms

THD+Noise (%)

10k

0.001

0.0001

G = 1, RL = 10k

0.00001

OPA228

0.001

0.0001

G = 1, RL = 10k

0.00001
20

100

1k

10k

20k

20

Frequency (Hz)

1k

10k

50k

Frequency (Hz)

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

100

www.ti.com

Phase ()

140

180

AOL (dB)

OPA227

160

Phase ()

180

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)

At TA = +25C, RL =10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs TIME

CHANNEL SEPARATION vs FREQUENCY

50nV/div

Channel Separation (dB)

140

120

100

80
Dual and quad devices. G = 1, all channels.
Quad measured Channel A to D, or B to C;
other combinations yield similiar or improved
rejection.

60

40
10

1s/div

100

1k

10k

100k

1M

Frequency (Hz)

VOLTAGE NOISE DISTRIBUTION (10Hz)

OFFSET VOLTAGE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION

24

17.5
Typical distribution
of packaged units.

Percent of Amplifiers (%)

Percent of Units (%)

15.0

16

12.5
10.0
5.5
5.0
2.5

0
0

3.16 3.25 3.34 3.43

3.51 3.60

150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150

0
3.69 3.78

Noise (nV/Hz)

Offset Voltage (V)

OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION

WARM-UP OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT

12

10
8
Offset Voltage Change (V)

Percent of Amplifiers (%)

Typical distribution
of packaged units.

6
4
2
0
2
4
6
8

10
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

100

150

200

250

300

Time from Power Supply Turn-On (s)

Offset Voltage Drift (V)/C

50

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)

At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

AOL, CMRR, PSRR vs TEMPERATURE

AOL, CMRR, PSRR vs TEMPERATURE

160

160

AOL

AOL, CMRR, PSRR (dB)

AOL, CMRR, PSRR (dB)

CMRR

140
130
PSRR

120
110
100
90
80

OPA227

70
60
75

50

AOL

150

150

CMRR

140
130
PSRR

120
110
100
90
80

OPA228

70
25

25

50

75

100

60
75

125

50

25

Short-Circuit Current (mA)

Input Bias Current (nA)

75

100

125

60

1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0.5
1.0
1.5

40 20

20

40

60

80

50
40
30
20
10
0
75

100 120 140

ISC

+ISC

50

25

25

50

75

100

125

Temperature (C)

Temperature (C)

QUIESCENT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE

QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

3.8
18V
15V
12V
10V

4.5

4.0

5V
2.5V

3.5

3.0

Quiescent Current (mA)

5.0

Quiescent Current (mA)

50

SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

2.0

2.0
60

25

Temperature (C)

Temperature (C)

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.5
60 40

20

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

10

12

14

16

18

20

Supply Voltage (V)

Temperature (C)

www.ti.com

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)

At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE

SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE

3.0

12

OPA227

OPA228
10

Positive Slew Rate

Negative Slew Rate

Slew Rate (V/V)

Slew Rate (V/V)

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0

8
6
4

RLOAD = 2k
CLOAD = 100pF

0.5
0

0
75

50

25

25

50

75

100

125

75

50

25

75

CHANGE IN INPUT BIAS CURRENT

vs POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE

CHANGE IN INPUT BIAS CURRENT

vs COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE

100

125

1.5

1.0

Curve shows normalized change in bias current

with respect to VCM = 0V. Typical IB may range
from 2nA to +2nA at VCM = 0V.

1.0
0.5
IB (nA)

0.5
0
0.5

VS = 15V

0
0.5

VS = 5V

1.0
1.0

1.5

1.5

2.0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

15

40

10

10

15

Common-Mode Voltage (V)

Supply Voltage (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs OUTPUT CURRENT

SETTLING TIME vs CLOSED-LOOP GAIN

15

100

VS = 15V, 10V Step

CL = 1500pF
RL = 2k

Output Voltage Swing (V)

Settling Time (s)

50

Temperature (C)

Curve shows normalized change in bias current

with respect to VS = 10V. Typical IB may range
from 2nA to +2nA at VS = 10V.

1.5

OPA227
0.01%

10

0.1%

OPA228
0.01%

0.1%

1
1

10

100

V+

14

(V+) 1V

13

(V+) 2V

12

40C

125C
85C
25C

11
10
10

55C

85C

11

(V+) 3V

55C

125C

12

(V) +3V

40C
25C

13

(V) +2V

14

(V) +1V

15

V
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Output Current (mA)

Gain (V/V)

25

Temperature (C)

2.0

IB (nA)

RLOAD = 2k
CLOAD = 100pF

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)

At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT
vs LOAD CAPACITANCE

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY

30

70

VS = 15V

OPA227

OPA227
60

Gain = +10

50

20

Overshoot (%)

Output Voltage (Vp-p)

25

15
VS = 5V

10

40
30
20

5
0

Gain = 10

Gain = 1
Gain = +1

10
0

1k

10k

100k

1M

10M

10

100

1k

10k

Frequency (Hz)

Load Capacitance (pF)

LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = 1, CL = 1500pF

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = +1, CL = 1000pF

OPA227

100k

2V/div

25mV/div

OPA227

400ns/div

5s/div

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = +1, CL = 5pF

25mV/div

OPA227

400ns/div

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

www.ti.com

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)

At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT
vs LOAD CAPACITANCE

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY

30

70

VS = 15V

OPA228

OPA228
60
50

20

Overshoot (%)

Output Voltage (Vp-p)

25

15
VS = 5V

10

G = 100
40
30
G = +100
20
G = 10

10
0

0
1k

10k

100k

1M

10M

10

Frequency (Hz)

100

1k

10k

100k

Load Capacitance (pF)

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = +10, CL = 1000pF, RL = 1.8k

LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = 10, CL = 100pF

OPA228

5V/div

200mV/div

OPA228

500ns/div

2s/div

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = +10, CL = 5pF, RL = 1.8k

200mV/div

OPA228

500ns/div

10

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Trim range exceeds

offset voltage specification

V+

The OPA227 and OPA228 series are precision op amps with

very low noise. The OPA227 series is unity-gain stable with
a slew rate of 2.3V/s and 8MHz bandwidth. The OPA228
series is optimized for higher-speed applications with gains
of 5 or greater, featuring a slew rate of 10V/s and 33MHz
bandwidth. Applications with noisy or high impedance
power supplies may require decoupling capacitors close to
the device pins. In most cases, 0.1F capacitors are adequate.

0.1F
20k
7

1
8

OPA227
6

OPA227 and OPA228 single op amps only.

Use offset adjust pins only to
null offset voltage of op amp.
See text.

0.1F
V

OFFSET VOLTAGE AND DRIFT

The OPA227 and OPA228 series have very low offset
voltage and drift. To achieve highest dc precision, circuit
layout and mechanical conditions should be optimized.
Connections of dissimilar metals can generate thermal potentials at the op amp inputs which can degrade the offset
voltage and drift. These thermocouple effects can exceed
the inherent drift of the amplifier and ultimately degrade its
performance. The thermal potentials can be made to cancel
by assuring that they are equal at both input terminals. In
addition:
Keep thermal mass of the connections made to the two
input terminals similar.
Locate heat sources as far as possible from the critical
input circuitry.
Shield op amp and input circuitry from air currents such
as those created by cooling fans.

FIGURE 1. OPA227 Offset Voltage Trim Circuit.

amp. This adjustment should not be used to compensate for
offsets created elsewhere in the system since this can
introduce additional temperature drift.
INPUT PROTECTION
Back-to-back diodes (see Figure 2) are used for input protection on the OPA227 and OPA228. Exceeding the turn-on
threshold of these diodes, as in a pulse condition, can cause
current to flow through the input protection diodes due to the
amplifiers finite slew rate. Without external current-limiting
resistors, the input devices can be destroyed. Sources of high
input current can cause subtle damage to the amplifier.
Although the unit may still be functional, important parameters such as input offset voltage, drift, and noise may shift.

OPERATING VOLTAGE
OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps operate from 2.5V to
18V supplies with excellent performance. Unlike most op
amps which are specified at only one supply voltage, the
OPA227 series is specified for real-world applications; a
single set of specifications applies over the 5V to 15V
supply range. Specifications are assured for applications
between 5V and 15V power supplies. Some applications
do not require equal positive and negative output voltage
swing. Power supply voltages do not need to be equal. The
OPA227 and OPA228 series can operate with as little as 5V
between the supplies and with up to 36V between the
supplies. For example, the positive supply could be set to
25V with the negative supply at 5V or vice-versa. In
addition, key parameters are assured over the specified
temperature range, 40C to +85C. Parameters which vary
significantly with operating voltage or temperature are shown
in the Typical Performance Curves.
OFFSET VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT
The OPA227 and OPA228 series are laser-trimmed for
very low offset and drift so most applications will not
require external adjustment. However, the OPA227 and
OPA228 (single versions) provide offset voltage trim connections on pins 1 and 8. Offset voltage can be adjusted by
connecting a potentiometer as shown in Figure 1. This
adjustment should be used only to null the offset of the op

RF
500

OPA227
Input

FIGURE 2. Pulsed Operation.

When using the OPA227 as a unity-gain buffer (follower), the
input current should be limited to 20mA. This can be accomplished by inserting a feedback resistor or a resistor in series
with the source. Sufficient resistor size can be calculated:
RX = VS/20mA RSOURCE
where RX is either in series with the source or inserted in
the feedback path. For example, for a 10V pulse (VS =
10V), total loop resistance must be 500. If the source
impedance is large enough to sufficiently limit the current
on its own, no additional resistors are needed. The size of
any external resistors must be carefully chosen since they
will increase noise. See the Noise Performance section of
this data sheet for further information on noise calculation. Figure 2 shows an example implementing a currentlimiting feedback resistor.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

Output

www.ti.com

11

INPUT BIAS CURRENT CANCELLATION

NOISE PERFORMANCE

The input bias current of the OPA227 and OPA228 series is

internally compensated with an equal and opposite cancellation current. The resulting input bias current is the difference
between with input bias current and the cancellation current.
The residual input bias current can be positive or negative.

Figure 4 shows total circuit noise for varying source impedances with the op amp in a unity-gain configuration (no
feedback resistor network, therefore no additional noise contributions). Two different op amps are shown with total circuit
noise calculated. The OPA227 has very low voltage noise,
making it ideal for low source impedances (less than 20k).
A similar precision op amp, the OPA277, has somewhat higher
voltage noise but lower current noise. It provides excellent
noise performance at moderate source impedance (10k to
100k). Above 100k, a FET-input op amp such as the
OPA132 (very low current noise) may provide improved
performance. The equation is shown for the calculation of the
total circuit noise. Note that en = voltage noise, in = current
noise, RS = source impedance, k = Boltzmanns constant =
1.38 1023 J/K and T is temperature in K. For more details on
calculating noise, see the insert titled Basic Noise Calculations.

When the bias current is cancelled in this manner, the input

bias current and input offset current are approximately equal.
A resistor added to cancel the effect of the input bias current
(as shown in Figure 3) may actually increase offset and noise
and is therefore not recommended.
Conventional Op Amp Configuration
R2
R1

Not recommended
for OPA227

RB = R2 || R1

Op Amp

VOLTAGE NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY

vs SOURCE RESISTANCE

External Cancellation Resistor

Votlage Noise Spectral Density, E0
Typical at 1k (V/Hz)

1.00+03

Recommended OPA227 Configuration

R2
R1

OPA227

EO

OPA227

RS

1.00E+02

OPA277

OPA277

Resistor Noise

OPA227

1.00E+01

Resistor Noise
EO2 = en2 + (in RS)2 + 4kTRS
1.00E+00

No cancellation resistor.
See text.

100

1k

10k

100k

10M

Source Resistance, RS ()

FIGURE 4. Noise Performance of the OPA227 in UnityGain Buffer Configuration.

FIGURE 3. Input Bias Current Cancellation.

BASIC NOISE CALCULATIONS

Design of low noise op amp circuits requires careful
consideration of a variety of possible noise contributors:
noise from the signal source, noise generated in the op
amp, and noise from the feedback network resistors. The
total noise of the circuit is the root-sum-square combination of all noise components.
The resistive portion of the source impedance produces
thermal noise proportional to the square root of the
resistance. This function is shown plotted in Figure 4.
Since the source impedance is usually fixed, select the op
amp and the feedback resistors to minimize their contribution to the total noise.
Figure 4 shows total noise for varying source impedances with the op amp in a unity-gain configuration (no
feedback resistor network and therefore no additional
noise contributions). The operational amplifier itself contributes both a voltage noise component and a current

12

noise component. The voltage noise is commonly modeled as a time-varying component of the offset voltage.
The current noise is modeled as the time-varying component of the input bias current and reacts with the source
resistance to create a voltage component of noise. Consequently, the lowest noise op amp for a given application
depends on the source impedance. For low source impedance, current noise is negligible and voltage noise generally dominates. For high source impedance, current noise
may dominate.
Figure 5 shows both inverting and noninverting op amp
circuit configurations with gain. In circuit configurations
with gain, the feedback network resistors also contribute
noise. The current noise of the op amp reacts with the
feedback resistors to create additional noise components.
The feedback resistor values can generally be chosen to
make these noise sources negligible. The equations for
total noise are shown for both configurations.
OPA227, 2227, 4227
OPA228, 2228, 4228

www.ti.com

SBOS110A

Noise in Noninverting Gain Configuration

R2

Noise at the output:

2

R
R
2
2
E O 2 = 1 + 2 e n 2 + e12 + e 2 2 + (i n R 2 ) + e S 2 + (i n R S ) 1 + 2
R1
R1

R1
EO

RS

VS

R
Where eS = 4kTRS 1 + 2 = thermal noise of RS
R1

R
e1 = 4kTR1 2
R1

= thermal noise of R1

e2 = 4kTR2

= thermal noise of R2

Noise in Inverting Gain Configuration

R2

Noise at the output:

2

R1

RS

EO

VS

R2
2
2
2
2
2
E O 2 = 1 +
e n + e1 + e 2 + (i n R 2 ) + e S
R1 + R S

R2
Where eS = 4kTRS
= thermal noise of RS
R1 + R S
R2
e1 = 4kTR1
= thermal noise of R1
R1 + R S

e2 = 4kTR2

= thermal noise of R2

For the OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps at 1kHz, en = 3nV/Hz and in = 0.4pA/Hz.

FIGURE 5. Noise Calculation in Gain Configurations.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

www.ti.com

13

R1
2M

R2
2M

R8
402k

R11
178k

R3
1k

R4
9.09k

C4
22nF

C6
10nF

R6
40.2k
C2
1F

C1
1F

U1

C3
0.47F

(OPA227)
Input from
Device
Under
Test

R7
97.6k

R9
178k

2
3

U2

R10
226k

(OPA227)

C5
0.47F

U3

VOUT

(OPA227)

R5
634k

FIGURE 6. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Bandpass Filter Used to Test Wideband Noise of the OPA227 and OPA228 Series.
USING THE OPA228 IN LOW GAINS
The OPA228 family is intended for applications with signal
gains of 5 or greater, but it is possible to take advantage of
their high speed in lower gains. Without external compensation, the OPA228 has sufficient phase margin to maintain
stability in unity gain with purely resistive loads. However,
the addition of load capacitance can reduce the phase
margin and destabilize the op amp.

22pF

100k
10

2
3

OPA227

VOUT

Device
Under
Test

FIGURE 7. Noise Test Circuit.

Figure 6 shows the 0.1Hz 10Hz bandpass filter used to test
the noise of the OPA227 and OPA228. The filter circuit was
designed using Texas Instruments FilterPro software (available at www.ti.com). Figure 7 shows the configuration of
the OPA227 and OPA228 for noise testing.

14

A variety of compensation techniques have been evaluated

specifically for use with the OPA228. The recommended
configuration consists of an additional capacitor (CF) in
parallel with the feedback resistance, as shown in Figures
8 and 11. This feedback capacitor serves two purposes in
compensating the circuit. The op amps input capacitance
and the feedback resistors interact to cause phase shift that
can result in instability. CF compensates the input capacitance, minimizing peaking. Additionally, at high frequencies, the closed-loop gain of the amplifier is strongly
influenced by the ratio of the input capacitance and the
feedback capacitor. Thus, CF can be selected to yield good
stability while maintaining high speed.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

Without external compensation, the noise specification of

the OPA228 is the same as that for the OPA227 in gains of
5 or greater. With the additional external compensation, the
output noise of the of the OPA228 will be higher. The
amount of noise increase is directly related to the increase
in high frequency closed-loop gain established by the CIN/
CF ratio.
Figures 8 and 11 show the recommended circuit for gains
of +2 and 2, respectively. The figures suggest approximate

values for CF. Because compensation is highly dependent

on circuit design, board layout, and load conditions, CF
should be optimized experimentally for best results. Figures 9 and 10 show the large- and small-signal step responses for the G = +2 configuration with 100pF load
capacitance. Figures 12 and 13 show the large- and smallsignal step responses for the G = 2 configuration with
100pF load capacitance.

15pF

22pF

1k

2k

2k

2k

OPA228

OPA228
2k

2k

100pF

FIGURE 11. Compensation for OPA228 for G = 2.

5mV/div

5mV/div

FIGURE 8. Compensation of the OPA228 for G =+2.

OPA228

OPA228

400ns/div

400ns/div

FIGURE 12. Large-Signal Step Response, G = 2, CLOAD =

100pF, Input Signal = 5Vp-p.

25mV/div

25mV/div

FIGURE 9. Large-Signal Step Response, G = +2, CLOAD =

100pF, Input Signal = 5Vp-p.

OPA228

OPA228

200ns/div

200ns/div

FIGURE 10. Small-Signal Step Response, G = +2, CLOAD =

100pF, Input Signal = 50mVp-p.

FIGURE 13. Small-Signal Step Response, G = 2, CLOAD =

100pF, Input Signal = 50mVp-p.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

100pF

www.ti.com

15

1.1k
1.43k

2.2nF

dc Gain = 1

330pF
1.1k

1.65k

VIN

1.43k

1.91k

OPA227

33nF

2.21k

OPA227

68nF

VOUT
10nF

fN = 13.86kHz

fN = 20.33kHz

Q = 1.186

Q = 4.519

f = 7.2kHz

FIGURE 14. Three-Pole, 20kHz Low Pass, 0.5dB Chebyshev Filter.

20pF
0.1F

100

TTL INPUT

GAIN

1
0

+1
1

100k

9.76k

500

2
3

OPA227

Output

10k

Input
D1

Dexter 1M
Thermopile
Detector

NOTE: Use metal film resistors

and plastic film capacitor. Circuit
must be well shielded to achieve
low noise.

D2

TTL
In

FIGURE 15. Long-Wavelength Infrared Detector Amplifier.

16

2
4.99k
S1
S2

OPA227

Output

8
1
4.75k

Responsivity 2.5 x 104V/W

Output Noise 30Vrms, 0.1Hz to 10Hz

Balance
Trim

4.75k

1k

DG188
Offset
Trim

+VCC

FIGURE 16. High Performance Synchronous Demodulator.

OPA227, 2227, 4227

OPA228, 2228, 4228
www.ti.com

SBOS110A

+15V

0.1F
1k

1k
Audio
In

1/2
OPA2227
200
To
Headphone

200

1/2
OPA2227
This application uses two op amps
in parallel for higher output current drive.

0.1F

15V

FIGURE 17. Headphone Amplifier.

Bass Tone Control

R1
7.5k

R2
50k
3

CW

R3
7.5k

R10
100k

Midrange Tone Control

C1
940pF

R4
2.7k
VIN

R5
50k
3

CW

1
2

R6
2.7k
C2
0.0047F

Treble Tone Control

R7
7.5k

R8
50k
3

CW

1
2

R9
7.5k

C3
680pF

R11
100k

2
3

OPA227

VOUT

FIGURE 18. Three-Band ActiveTone Control (bass, midrange and treble).

OPA227, 2227, 4227
OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

www.ti.com

17

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

8-Mar-2005

PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device

Status (1)

Package
Type

Package
Drawing

Pins Package Eco Plan (2)

Qty

Lead/Ball Finish

MSL Peak Temp (3)

OPA2227P

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Level-NA-NA-NA

OPA2227PA

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Level-NA-NA-NA

OPA2227U

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2227U/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2227UA

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2227UA/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2228P

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Call TI

OPA2228PA

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Call TI

OPA2228U

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

Call TI

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2228U/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

Call TI

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2228UA

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA2228UA/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA227P

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Level-NA-NA-NA

OPA227PA

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Level-NA-NA-NA

OPA227U

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA227U/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA227UA

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA227UA/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

Call TI

Call TI

OPA228P

ACTIVE

PDIP

None

Call TI

Level-NA-NA-NA

OPA228PA

ACTIVE

PDIP

50

None

Call TI

Level-NA-NA-NA

OPA228U

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA228U/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA228UA

ACTIVE

SOIC

100

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA228UA/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA4227PA

ACTIVE

PDIP

14

25

Pb-Free
(RoHS)

Call TI

OPA4227UA

ACTIVE

SOIC

14

58

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA4227UA/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

14

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA4228PA

ACTIVE

PDIP

14

25

None

Call TI

OPA4228UA

ACTIVE

SOIC

14

58

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

OPA4228UA/2K5

ACTIVE

SOIC

14

2500

None

CU SNPB

Level-3-220C-168 HR

Level-NC-NC-NC

Level-NA-NA-NA

(1)

The marketing status values are defined as follows:

ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)

Eco Plan - May not be currently available - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional
product content details.
None: Not yet available Lead (Pb-Free).
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean "Pb-Free" and in addition, uses package materials that do not contain halogens,

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

8-Mar-2005

including bromine (Br) or antimony (Sb) above 0.1% of total product weight.
(3)

MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDECindustry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take
reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on
incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI
to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 2

MECHANICAL DATA
MPDI001A JANUARY 1995 REVISED JUNE 1999

P (R-PDIP-T8)

PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE

0.400 (10,60)
0.355 (9,02)
8

0.260 (6,60)
0.240 (6,10)

4
0.070 (1,78) MAX
0.325 (8,26)
0.300 (7,62)

0.020 (0,51) MIN

0.015 (0,38)
Gage Plane

0.200 (5,08) MAX

Seating Plane

0.010 (0,25) NOM

0.125 (3,18) MIN

0.100 (2,54)
0.021 (0,53)
0.015 (0,38)

0.430 (10,92)
MAX

0.010 (0,25) M

4040082/D 05/98
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001

For the latest package information, go to http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/package/pkg_info.htm

POST OFFICE BOX 655303

DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

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