KELAS X

SEMESTER I
GREETINGS

Hi, hello.
Good morning, good afternoon,
good evening.
How are you?
How are you doing?
How do you do?

Responding to greeting

Hi, hello.
Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening.
I'm fine thank you (thanks)/Okey! Thank you (thanks)/Can't complain/Not bad.
How about you?/And you?
How do you do?

SELF INTRODUCTION
Expression

Response

Hello, Im ( ... Ms. Jaines).

My name is ( ... John Grey).
Im (... George Franks. What's your name)?

Hello, Ms. Jaines, Im Susan Appleton.

Nice to meet you Mr. Grey, Im Mrs. Sukjoy.
My name is Sopida, Sopida Hakam. Its a pleasure to
meet you Mr. Franks.
I'm delighted to meet you Mr.Jeffers. My name is
Pornpan Orasa.

Allow me to introduce myself. My name is ( ... Frank

Jeffers).

1. Name
Full name
- Nick Name
2. Address
- Residence
- Office
3. Male/Female
4. Married/single
5. Date of birth
6. Place of birth
7. Education
8. Profession
9. Nationality
10. Hobbies
11. References

: (nama lengkap)
: (nama penggilan)
: (alamat tinggal)
: (alamat kantor)
: (jenis kelamin)
: (status)
: (tanggal,bulan dan tahun kelahiran)
: (tempat lahir)
: (pendidikan)
: (pekerjaan)
: (kewarganegaraan)
: (kegemaran)
: (riwayat kegiatan, kursus atau pendidikan)

Hello !!!
My full name is.
My nick name is..
I Was born in..date, month, years
I live in..
My hobby are..

Introducing People
What's your name?
Who are you?
My name is ...
I am ...
My friends call me ...
You can call me ...
Haven't we met (before)?
Yes, I think we have.
No, I don't think we have.
I think we've already met.
I don't think we've met (before).
This is ...
Meet ...
Have you met ...?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.
Yes, I think I have.
No, I don't think I have.
Hello, ... (name)
Nice to meet you. (informal)
Pleased to meet you.
How do you do? (formal)
Nice to see you.
Nice to see you again.

THANKING
Beberapa cara mengucapkan terima kasih dalam Bahasa Inggris:

Umum :
Thank you
Thanks (informal)
Thank you very/so much.
That was very kind of you : Kamu baik sekali.

Terima kasih atas bantuan/pertolongannya:

Thank you for your help/assistance/support.
Thank you so much for all you have done to help/support me
Thank you for helping me out / give me a hand :
That was very kind of you : Kamu baik sekali.

Terima kasih, saya sangat menghargai :

Thank you for your help/assistance and I appreciate much
2

I really appreciate what you have done to support me.

I really appreciate your quick replies to all my letters.

Terima kasih atas perhatian dan partisipasinya:

Thank you for your work/contribution
Thanks for contributing
Thank you very much for your attention
Thank you very for participating in our last weeks meeting
Responding to thanks
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Youre welcome. (US)

Not at all. (formal, UK)
Dont mention it.
(Its) my pleasure.
It was nothing.
Thats alright/OK.
No problem.
Any time.

EXPRESSION OF APOLOGIZING

Expressing condolences : Ungkapan duka cita / turut berduka:

My condolences : Saya turut berduka cita
This is to convey my deep condolences to you and your family. Saya turut berduka cita
sedalam-dalamnya (terhadap apa yang menimpa) dirimu dan keluargamu.
Im sorry to hear your (family, friend, lover) passed away : Saya ikut berduka mendengar
(keluarga/ teman/kekasih) anda telah meninggal dunia.
How to say : Maaf
Berikut ini beberapa ungkapan untuk mengungkapkan permohonan maaf:
Umum:
Im sorry (I am sorry)
I would like to apologize
I beg your pardon
Im very/terribly/so sorry
Im (I am) sorry ..
I am sorry about that : Saya minta maaf mengenai hal itu. (sesuatu yang barusan anda lakukan
terhadap lawan bicara anda)
Im sorry for taking so long to write back. I was really busy last week: Saya minta maaf, saya
baru sempat membalas (surat/email). Saya sangat sibuk minggu lalu.
Im sorry about what I said last night: Saya minta maaf atas apa yang saya katakan semalam.
Im sorry I shouldnt have said that : Saya minta maaf. tidak seharusnya saya
berbicara/ngomong seperti itu.
(on your cellphone, as you rush to a meeting) Im sorry! I wont be able to make it (on time). Ill
be there in (about) 20 minutes: (Berbicara di hp, saat anda terburu-buru pergi ke sebuat
pertemuan). Saya mohon maaf, sepertinya saya nggak bisa tepat waktu. Saya akan tiba sekitar
20 menit lagi.
Sorry to keep you waiting, I will talk to you soon : Maaf sudah bikin lama menunggu, saya tidak
lama lagi (orang tersebut sudah lama menanti anda dan anda masih sibuk).

I would like to apologize/apologise for

I wolud like to apologize for being late : Saya mohon maaf atas keterlambatan saya. (atau :
Maaf, saya terlambat, misalnya rapat barusan dimulai, namun anda terlambat datang)
I would like for apologise forgetting about our meeting/appointement: Saya mohon maaf atas
kealpaan saya akan pertemuan/perjanjian kita.

Sorry for/about :
Sorry for any inconveniences (formal situation) : Mohon maaf atas segala ketidaknyamanan.
Sorry for any trouble i have caused : Mohon maaf atas segala masalah yang telah saya buat.
Sorry for using the wrong word: Mohon maat atas kekeliruan pemakaian kata.
Sorry for getting you into this troble : Mohon maaf sudah melibatkan anda dalam masalah ini.
Sorry about missing class today : Mohon maaf karena tidak mengikuti kelas hari ini.
Im sorry to (about news you get berita/kabar yang anda terima)
Im sorry to hear that : Saya turut sedih mendengarkannya.
Im sorry to hear that you are not feeling well: Saya turut prihatin atas kesehatan anda saat ini.
Im sorry to hear that you missed your flight/train : Saya turut sedih karena anda ketinggalan
pesawat/kereta.
Im sorry to hear that you are having problems at home : Saya ikut prihatin atas masalah yang
menimpa anda di rumah (anda).
Im sorry to hear that your car was stolen : Saya ikut prihatin mendengar bahwa mobil anda
dicuri orang.
Reacting to an apology : Balasan atas permintaan maaf
Theres no need to apologize : Tak perlu meminta maaf
Please, dont apologize!: Saya mohon, tidak usah minta maaf
Never mind : Tidak apa-apa/tidak masalah.
Dont be sorry for that! : Tak perlu meminta maaf untuk hal itu
Its OK. Dont worry : Tak apa-apa, tak usah kuatir
Its OK. I understand : Tidak apa-apa, saya mengerti
Its OK but please, be more careful next time. Oke, tapi tolong hati-hati lain kali.
Its OK but please, dont do it again. Oke, tapi tolong jangan lakukan lagi
Apologies accepted! : Permohonan maaf diterima!
Prefacing bad news : Ungkapan pembuka untuk menyampaikan sesuatu hal yang kurang
menyenangkan atau berita buruk
Im sorry (I have) to tell you this, but : Maaf, saya harus menyampaikan hal ini, namun
I hate to tell you this, but : Saya berat untuk menyampaikan hal ini, namun
I dont know how to tell you thos, but : Saya tidak tahu bagaimana menyampaikan hal ini,
namun
I have some bad news : Saya punya berita buruk
(Formal situation) We regret to inform you that : Dengan menyesal kami harus
menyampaikan kepada anda bahwa

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns
Subject form
Object form
I
Me
You
You
He
Him
She
Her
It
It
We
Us
4

You
You
They
them
Examples (in each case, the first example shows a subject pronoun, the second an object
pronoun):
I like coffee.
John helped me.
Do you like coffee?
John loves you.
He runs fast.
Did Ram beat him?
She is clever.
Does Mary know her?
It doesn't work.
Can the engineer repair it?
We went home.
Anthony drove us.
Do you need a table for three?
Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
They played doubles.
John and Mary beat them.

GRAMMAR ; SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Pattern ; Subject + verb + s/es + object
Example ;
(+) She buys a pen
(?) Does she buy a pen ?
(-) She doesnt buy a pen
We buy a book
Do we buy a book ?
We dont buy a book

ADJECTIVE OF NOUN
ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
adjective

Opposite

fat

Thin

beautiful

Ugly

handsome

Ugly

big

Small

large

Little

long

Short

tall

Short

old

Young

round

Square

dark

Light

ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE QUALITIES:

ADJECTIVE

OPPOSITE

OTHER

brave

Coward

serious

clever

Stupid

bad

Good

nasty

Good

lazy

hard worker

boring

Interesting

boring

Funny

tidy

Untidy

patient

Impatient

optimistic

Pessimistic

sociable
sporty
adventurous
generous
independent
artistic
aggressive
cruel
fashionable:
loyal
terrible:
nice
kind:
considerate:
materialistic:

noisy

Quiet

helpful:

COLORS

Red

Green

Blue

White

Black

Yellow

Orange

Pink

Brown

Beige

Gray

Light blue

Dark green

Purple

Violet

Navi blue

Turquoise

Maroon

Magenta

Bentuk
Bahasa Indonesia

Bahasa Inggris

bentuk
belah ketupat
berombak
garis yang berombak
Bidang
ilmu ukur bidang

shape
rhombus
wavy
wavy line
plane
plane geometry
6

Bola
bujur sangkar, persegi panjang
Datar
empat persegi
Garis
heksagonal, segienam
heptagonal, segilima
Kerucut
Kotak
Kubah
Kubus
Kurva
Lingkaran
Melengkung
oktagonal, segidelapan
oval, pipih
pentagonal, segisepuluh
piramida, prisma
Segitiga
Silinder
Spiral
Tabung
Trapezium

sphere
rectangle
flat
square
line
hexagon
heptagon
cone
box
dome
cube
curve
circle
arch
octagon
oval
pentagon
Pyramid
Triangle
Cylinder
Spiral
Tube
Trapezium

PLURAL AND SINGULAR NOUN

How to form the plural
Noun ending

Forming the plural

Example

s, x, ch or sh

Add -es

boss
tax
bush

consonant + y

Change y to i then add -es

baby
candy
curry

most others

Add s

cat
face
day

bosses
taxes
bushes

babies
candies
curries

cats
faces
days

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

Most nouns form the plural by adding -s or -es.

Examples
Singular

Plural

boat

boats

hat

hats

house

houses

river

rivers

Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural.
Examples
Singular
Plural
sheep

sheep

fish

fish

species

species

aircraft

aircraft

Types of irregular plural

There are many types of irregular plural, but these are the most common:
Noun type

Forming the plural

Example

Ends with -fe

Change f to v
then
Add -s

knife
life
wife

knives
lives
wives

Ends with -f

Change f to v
then
Add -es

half
wolf
loaf

halves
wolves
loaves

Ends with -o

Add -es

potato
tomato
volcano

ends with -us

Change -us to -i

cactus
nucleus
focus

ends with -is

Change -is to -es

analysis
analyses
crisis
crises
thesis
theses

ends with -on

Change -on to -a

phenomenon
phenomena
criterion
criteria

ALL KINDS

Change the vowel

or
Change the word
or
Add a different ending

man
men
foot
feet
child
children
person
people
tooth
teeth

potatoes
tomatoes
volcanoes

cacti
nuclei
foci

mouse

Unchanging

Singular and plural

are the same

mice

sheep
deer
fish (sometimes)

NATIONALTY AND PROFESSION

This chart lists many of the countries or nations in the world, with the following information:

Name of country
Adjective used for that country (also describes nationality)
Noun used for a person from that country

Country

Adjective

Person

Afghanistan

Afghan

an Afghan

Albania

Albanian

an Albanian

Algeria

Algerian

an Algerian

Andorra

Andorran

an Andorran

Angola

Angolan

an Angolan

Argentina

Argentinian

an Argentinian

Armenia

Armenian

an Armenian

Australia

Australian

an Australian

Austria

Austrian

an Austrian

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani

an Azerbaijani

India

Indian

an Indian

Indonesia

Indonesian

an Indonesian

Jobs, Professions, Occupations

Management
president, vice-president, executive officer (CEO); director, deputy director, managing director,
financial director, marketing director; general manager, assistant manager, manager;
personnel manager, production manager, marketing manager, sales manager, accounts
manager; supervisor, inspector;
Office
office clerk, receptionist, secretary, typist, stenographer;
Banks
banker, bank officer, accountant, bookkeeper, economist, teller, cashier, auditor;
Medicine
doctor, physician, family doctor, general practitioner; eye specialist, throat specialist, heart
specialist; cardiologist, surgeon, pediatrician, psychiatrist, dentist, dietician, pharmacist,
veterinarian; nurse, paramedic;
Restaurants
chef, head cook, cook; maitre d', headwaiter, waiter, waitress, bartender, barman;
9

Sales and stores

sales representative, sales manager; salesperson, salesman, saleswoman, salesgirl, sales clerk,
cashier; seller, buyer, wholesale buyer, wholesaler, retailer, distributor, advertising agent;
Art and creative work
musician, composer, singer, dancer; artist, painter; film director, producer, actor, actress,
cameraman; writer, author, playwright, dramatist, scenarist; reporter, journalist, photographer;
architect, designer, interior designer, web-designer;
School and college
principal, dean, professor, teacher, student, pupil;
Construction
engineer, technician, mechanic; builder, construction worker, repairer;
welder, bricklayer, mason, carpenter, plumber, painter;
Science
scientist, scholar, researcher, explorer; mathematician, physicist, chemist, biologist,
astronomer; historian, archeologist, economist, philosopher, psychologist;
Law and order
judge, lawyer, attorney, legal adviser; police officer, policeman, traffic officer, detective;
guard, bodyguard;
Other
expert, specialist, consultant, adviser;
pilot, flight attendant, stewardess;
computer programmer, computer operator;
driver, taxi driver, bus driver, truck driver;
firefighter, librarian, farmer, tailor, model, politician, priest, travel agent;
hairdresser, hairstylist, barber, beautician, cosmetologist;
cleaning lady, cleaning woman, janitor;

How to express
Asking for jobs description
What do you do in your work ?
What does.do ?
What is your jobs descriptions?
What is your duty as.?
Telling job description
Im charge of
Im responsible for..
He welcomes and receives hotel guests.
She is a chief. She cooks many foods in the restaurant of the hotel.

TIME, DAY, MONTH AND YEAR

Penunjukan waktu (jam) dalam Bahasa Inggris terbagi atas 2 bagian yaitu :

AM : ante meridiem ( sebelum tengah hari) (pukul 00.00-11.59 )

PM : post meridiem (setelah tengah hari) (pukul 12.00-23.59 )

Keterangan
O'clock digunakan
Contoh :

untuk

menunjukkan

waktu

tidak

lebih

tidak

kurang

:
(tepat)

10

Jam 18.00 = Six o'clock

Jam 03.00 = Three o'clock
Jam 23.00 = Eleven o'clock

Half
Past
digunakan
untuk
Contoh :
Jam 17.30 = Half past five
Jam 4.30 = Half past four
jam 2.30 = Half past two
Quarter
Contoh :

Past

digunakan

untuk

menunjukkan

lewat

menunjukkan

lewat

lebih

30

menit

15

menit

lebih

Jam 5.15 = A quarter past five

Jam 20.15 = a quarter past eight
Jam 7.15 = a quarter past seven

Quarter To digunakan untuk menunjukkan lewat / lebih 45 menit / kurang 15 menit

Contoh :

Jam 4.45 = a quarter to five (jam 5 kurang 15 menit)

Jam 12.45 = a quarter to one (jam 1 kurang 15 menit)
Jam 8.45 = a quarter to nine (jam 9 kurang 15 menit)
Jika menit di bawah 30 :
1.05 = Five - PAST -One
3.20 = Twenty - PAST - Three
4.25 = Twenty five - PAST - Four
Jika menit di atas 30 :
2.35 = Twenty Five - TO - Three (Jam 3 kurang 25 menit)
3.40 = Twenty Five - TO - FOUR ( Jam 4 kurang 25 menit)
5.55 = Five - TO - Six ( Jam 6 kurang 5 menit)
Pola seperti ini juga berlaku pada penunjukan jam seperti di bawah ini :
4.08 = Eight - Past - Four
5. 17 = Seventeen - Past - Five

6. 48 = Twelve - TO - Seven ( Jam tujuh kurang 12 menit)

8.59 = One - TO - Nine (Jam sembilan kurang 1 menit)
Preposition Of Time - CLOCK
Kata depan (preposisi) yang digunakan untuk penunjukan waktu adalah > AT
Contoh : at 6.30 pm , at 10.00 pm , at 12.45 pm
Penyebutan lain:

at 6.30 > at half past six > at six thirty

at 4.45 > at a quarter to five > at four forty five
at 1.25 > at twenty five past one > at one twenty five
Days
Monday (Senin)
11

Tuesday (Selasa)
Wednesday (Rabu)
Thursday (Kamis)
Friday (Jumat)
Saturday (Sabtu)
Sunday (Minggu/Ahad)

Months of the year

January
May
September

February
June
October

March
April
July
August
November
December.

Nama-nama musim
Spring (musim semi), Summer (musim panas), Fall / Autumn (musim gugur), Winter (musim
dingin)
Satuan Waktu
morning (pagi), afternoon (sore), evening (malam), night (malam), day (siang), week (pekan),
weekend (akhir pekan), fortnight (dua mingguan), month (bulan), season (musim), year (tahun),
decade (dekade), century (abad), millenium (milenium).
yesterday (kemarin), today (hari ini), tomorrow (besok), this morning (pagi ini), tomorrow
morning (besok pagi), last night (tadi malam), tonight (malam ini), tomorrow night (besok
malam), yesterday afternoon (kemarin sore), this afternoon (sore ini), tomorrow afternoon
(besok sore), last week (pekan lalu), this week (pekan ini), next week (pekan depan), weekend
(akhir pekan), sunrise (terbitnya matahari), sunset (terbenamnya matahari), noon (siang),
midnight (tengah malam), three days ago (tiga hari yang lalu), the day before yesterday
(kemarin dulu), three weeks ago (tiga pekan yang lalu), the day after tomorrow (besok lusa)

Date
Tanggal dalam bahasa Inggris lisan
Jika kita menempatkan hari sebelum bulan, gunakan the sebelum hari dan preposisi of sebelum
bulan.
5 October 2004 - the fifth of October, two thousand and four
Jika kita menempatkan bulan sebelum hari, gunakan the sebelum hari (bahasa inggris British)
atau the bisa dihilangkan (bahasa inggris Amerika).
October 5, 2004 - October (the) fifth, two thousand and four
Cara mengucapkan tahun
Mulai tahun 2000 ke atas, tahun dieja seperti bilangan biasa.
2000 - two thousand
2003 - two thousand and three
Untuk tahun 2000 ke belakang, tahun dieja berbeda: dua angka pertama adalah satu bilangan
dan dua angka terakhir adalah satu bilangan. Kedua satuan bilangan ini bisa digabungkan
dengan hundrend and, yang sebenarnya hanya perlu jika dua angka terakhir adalah 00 sampai
09.
1999 - nineteen (hundred and) ninety-nine
1806 - eighteen hundred and six / eighteen oh six
Jika kita ingin menggunakan tahun tanpa tanggal pasti, gunakan preposisi in:
I was born in 1972.
Untuk membedakan tanggal sebelum dan setelah Maserhi, gunakan BC dan AD:
12

BC = Before Christ (Sebelum Masehi)

AD = Anno Domini (Masehi)
Contoh tahun : 1st March 1998 (the first of March in 1998)
Years
For years up until 2000, separate the four numbers into two pairs of two:
1965 = nineteen sixty-five
1871 = eighteen seventy-one
1999 = nineteen ninety-nine
For this decade, you need to say two thousand and - in British English:
2001 = two thousand and one
2009 = two thousand and nine
Dialog
Diana
Rose
Diana
Rose
Diana
Rose
Diana
Rose
Diana
Rose
Diana
Rose
Diana

: Hai, Good Afternoon Rose !

: Good Afternoon
: What's the weather like in July in Bogor?
: It's cold
: Oh, really. In Makassar, it's very hot in July.
: It's very cloudy. I think it will rain.
: Yes, looks like autumn is coming
: Is it very cold in winter ?
: Yes, sometimes it snows.
: Do you like spring?
: Yes, because the weather is pleasant in spring. But summer is best
because you can go to the beach!
: How old are you ?
: I,m 25 Years. I Was born in Jepara, 5th October 1985.

CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBER

Cardinal Numbers
Use our number generator to see how to spell any desired number.
Table of Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000
1 one
2 two

11 Eleven
12 Twelve

21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two

31
40

thirty-one
forty

3 three 13 Thirteen 23 twenty-three 50

4 four 14 Fourteen 24 twenty-four 60

fifty
sixty

5 five 15 Fifteen
25 twenty-five 70
6 six
16 Sixteen
26 twenty-six
80
7 seven 17 Seventeen 27 twenty-seven 90

seventy
eighty
ninety

8 eight 18 Eighteen 28 twenty-eight 100

9 nine 19 Nineteen 29 twenty-nine 1,000

a/one hundred
a/one thousand

10 ten

20 Twenty

30 thirty

1,000,000 a/one million

Separation between hundreds and tens

Hundreds and tens are usually separated by 'and' (in American English 'and' is not necessary).
110 - one hundred and ten
1,250 - one thousand, two hundred and fifty
2,001 - two thousand and one
13

Hundreds
Use 100 always with 'a' or 'one'.
100 - a hundred / one hundred
'a' can only stand at the beginning of a number.
100 - a hundred / one hundred
2,100 - two thousand, one hundred

Thousands and Millions

Use 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with 'a' or 'one'.
1,000 - a thousand / one thousand
201,000 - two hundred and one thousand
Table of Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal Numbers from 1 through 1,000,000
1 st first
11 th eleventh
21 st twenty-first
31
st thirty-first
2 nd second 12 th twelfth
22 nd twenty-second 40
th fortieth
3 rd third
13 th thirteenth 23 rd twenty-third
4 th fourth 14 th fourteenth 24 th twenty-fourth

50
60

th fiftieth
th sixtieth

5 th fifth
6 th sixth

70
80

th seventieth
th eightieth

15 th fifteenth
16 th sixteenth

25 th twenty-fifth
26 th twenty-sixth

7 th seventh 17 th seventeenth 27 th twenty-seventh 90

8 th eighth 18 th eighteenth 28 th twenty-eighth 100
9 th ninth
10 th tenth

th ninetieth
th one hundredth

19 th nineteenth 29 th twenty-ninth 1,000 th one thousandth

20 th twentieth 30 th thirtieth
1,000,000 th one millionth

Form
Spelling of Ordinal Numbers
Just add th to the cardinal number:
four - fourth
eleven - eleventh

Exceptions:
one - first
two - second
three - third
five - fifth
eight - eighth
nine - ninth
twelve - twelfth
In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is written as an ordinal number:
421st = four hundred and twenty-first
5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh

Figures
When expressed as figures, the last two letters of the written word are added to the ordinal
number:
first = 1st
second = 2nd
third = 3rd
fourth = 4th
twenty-sixth = 26th

14

hundred and first = 101st

Titles
In names for kings and queens, ordinal numbers are written in Roman numbers. In spoken
English, the definite article is used before the ordinal number:
Charles II - Charles the Second
Edward VI - Edward the Sixth
Henry VIII - Henry the Eighth

Pada bilangan bertingkat yang kompleks, perhatikan bahwa hanya angka terakhir yang
dituliskan sebagai bilangan bertingkat:
421st = four hundred and twenty-first
5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh

Penulisan dalam angka

Jika dituliskan sebagai angka, dua huruf terakhir dari kata yang ditulis ditambahkan ke bilangan
bertingkat:
first = 1st
second = 2nd
third = 3rd
fourth = 4th
twenty-sixth = 26th
hundred and first = 101st

Pengucapan nomor telpon

Masing-masing angka disebutkan terpisah.
24 - two four
Angka 0 disebut oh.
105 - one oh five
Berhenti setelah gabungan 3 atau 4 angka (gabungan terakhir).
376 4705 - three seven six, four seven oh five
Jika dua angka yang berdekatan sama, dalam bahasa Inggris Britis kita biasanya menggunakan
kata double (dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika kita cukup mengucapkannya dua kali)
376 4775 - Inggris British: three seven six, four double seven five
376 4775 - Inggris Amerika: three seven six, four seven seven five
Macam-macam penyebutan angka 0
nought - secara umum (bahasa Inggris British)
zero
- secara umum (bahasa Inggris Amerika)
apabila masing-masing angka disebutkan secara
oh
terpisah (misal: dalam nomor telpon, rekening, dll.)
nil
- skor permainan, misal: sepakbola (Inggris British)
dalam olahraga tennis dan sejeninsya. (dari bahasa
love
- Perancis loeuf (telur) karena bentuk angka 0 yang
mirip telur)
Operasi Matematika
1+1=2
Ini adalah operasi penjumlahan. Cara membacanya adalah :
ONE PLUS ONE IS TWO
ONE PLUS ONE EQUALS TO TWO
15

ONE ADDED BY ONE EQUALS TO TWO

31=2
Ini adalah operasi pengurangan. Cara membacanya adalah :
THREE MINUS ONE IS TWO
THREE MINUS ONE EQUALS TO TWO
THREE LESS ONE IS TWO
THREE SUBSTRACTED BY ONE IS TWO
3x2=6
Ini adalah operasi perkalian. Cara membacanya adalah :
THREE TIMES TWO IS SIX
THREE TIMES TWO EQUALS TO SIX
THREE MULTIPLIED BY TWO IS SIX
8:2=4
Ini adalah operasi pembagian. Cara membacanya adalah :
EIGHT DIVIDED BY TWO IS FOUR
EIGHT DIVIDED BY TWO EQUALS TO FOUR

EXPRESSION OF REGRET AND SIMPATHY

Formal
I am most upset to hear that.
What a terrible situation for you!
One should not worry too much
I do sympathise with you.
Informal
What a pity! Thats awful.
How sad! Poor old you,
Neutral
O dear! I am sorry. Im awfully sorry.
What bad luck! Thats a pity!
You must be very upset / annoyed.

MODALS
Apa itu Modal Auxiliary Verb?
Kata kerja can, could, may, might, will, would, shall (biasanya dalam Inggris British), should,
must, dan ought to disebut modal auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu modal). Mereka digunakan
sebelum infinitive atau kata kerja lainnya, dan menambah makna tertentu. Need, dare, dan had
better kadang juga bisa digunakan seperti modal auxiliary verb.

16

be, have and do can be auxiliaries und full verbs.

Modals are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would and need
(need can be a full verb, too).
We can play football.
We could play football.
We may play football.
We might play football.
We must play football.
We mustn't play football.
We needn't play football.
We ought to play football.
We shall play football.
We should play football.
We will play football.
We would play football.
Form
Positive
long form

negative

contracted form

long form

contracted form

can

--

cannot

can't

could

--

could not

couldn't

may

--

may not

--

might

--

might not

--

ought to

--

ought not to

oughtn't to

--

--

need not

needn't

shall

'll

shall not

shan't

should

'd

--

shouldn't

will

'll

will not

won't

would

'd

would not

wouldn't

17

SEMESTER II
GRAMMAR ; PRESENT CONTINOUS AND FUTURE CONTINOUS
Present continuous, form
The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to
be + the present participle of the main verb.
(The form of the present participle is: base+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)
Affirmative
Subject

+ to be

+ base+ing

she

is

talking

Subject

+ to be + not

+ base+ing

she

is not (isn't)

talking

to be

+ subject

+ base+ing

is

she

talking?

Negative

Interrogative

Example: to go, present continuous

Affirmative
Negative

Interrogative

I am going

I am not going

Am I going?

You are going

You aren't going.

Are you going?

He, she, it is going

He, she, it isn't going

Is he, she, it going?

We are going

We aren't going

Are we going?

You are going

You aren't going

Are you going?

They are going

They aren't going

Are they going?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Future continuous, form
The future continuous is made up of two elements: the simple future of the verb 'to be' + the
present participle (base+ing)
Subject
simple future, 'to be'
You
will be
Affirmative
I will be asking
Negative
She won't be leaving
Interrogative
Will they be retiring?
Interrogative negative
Won't we be staying?
Example: to stay, future continuous
Affirmative
Negative

base+ing
watching

Interrogative

I will be staying

I won't be staying

Will I be staying?

You will be staying

You won't be staying

Will you be staying?

He, she, it will be staying

He won't be staying

Will she be staying?

18

We will be staying

We won't be staying

Will we be staying?

You will be staying

You won't be staying

Will you be staying?

They will be staying

They won't be staying

Will they be staying?

PREPOSITION
You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk (when
he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the
desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the
desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the
desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over
the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the
desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of
nothing except the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he
paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the
desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans
against the desk.
Prepositional phrases atau frase preposisi adalah frase yang terdiri dari preposisi dan objek
preposisi (object of the preposition). Objek preposisi dalam frase preposisi dapat berupa noun,
pronoun, atau noun phrases.
Contoh frase preposisi:
- on the internet
- in the room
- by the ocean
- near the window
- over the cabinet
- with us
- in your ear
- under your hat
- below sea level

MEMO
Contoh format MEMO
To
: ditujukan kepada siapa
From : nama pengirim
Date : tanggal memo
Subject
: isi memo
(isi memo)
..
.

19

Example of MEMO
TO: Coach Joe Smith
FROM: John Doe
DATE: Today
SUBJECT: Football
Thank you very much for the opportunity you have provided this year for Junior to not only
learn about football and team work but also for him to develop leadership and time
management skills.
Junior has enjoyed the experience of playing for you very much, and Im sure its something he
will not forget for a long time. The work you do to help shape todays boys to be tomorrows
young leaders is extremely important, and I believe you are doing a great job!

SIGN AND SYMBOLS

Pedestrian crossing

Narrow bridge

Right turn Prohibited

Horn Prohibited

men at work

Y-Intersection

falling Rock

Straight Prohibited or No Entry

Left Turn Prohibited

STOP

No Entry

Slippery Road

Airport

U-Turn Prohibited

Proceed straight only

Roundabout Sign

Overtaking prohibited Dont parking

Dont Stop

20

Steady Red Disc

Stop vehicle behind
line and wait for green
light before proceeding

Cross Road

T-Junction

Steep Ascent

Railway Station

SCHEDULES AND ROUTINES

When talking about daily schedules and routines adverbs of frequency are used to indicate how
frequently you do things. Look at these common adverbs of frequency.
100%
always
all the time

80%
Usually
most of the time

50%
sometimes
occasionally

20%
seldom
rarely

0%
never
not at all

English Expressions
Expression
Asking About Schedules
What time (... do you go to work)?
When do ( ... you usually do laundry)?
Where do ( ... you exercise)?
Expressing Obligation
I must go to ( ... class this morning).
He has to ( ... be at work by 8:00 AM)
I'm expected to ( ... visit my grandmother every
Sunday afternoon).
On Friday afternoons, I am supposed to ( ...
deposit the stores weekly sales income in the
bank).

Response
I leave the house at 7:30.
Usually on Saturday afternoons.
I go to a gym in my neighbor.

Why? Do you have a test?

What happens if he is a little late?
Does she get upset if you dont show up?
Will you get fired if you dont?

Swim in the ocean

Go camping
Sing karaoke
Sky or scuba dive
Watch foreign movies
Cook pizza

Go on double dates
Study all night
Wake up late
Ride the subway
Play board games
Buy expensive clothes

Write poetry
Ride a motorcycle
Argue with parents
Go bowling
Lift weights
Ride a roller coaster

Knit

Go to the zoo

Go to the theater
21

DEGREES COMPARISON
This rule is a guide only and some words do not follow it.
Big
heavy
beautiful

bigger
heavier
more beautiful

small
busy
common

smaller
busier
more common

Superlatives are formed by adding -est to the end of the word or by using most or least
before the word. The
same syllable rule applies here in deciding to use -est or most or least.
wise
quiet
anxious

the wisest
the quietest
the most anxious

fast
simple
diligent

the fastest
the simplest
the most diligent

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(If Clause)
1. PRESENT REAL
IF CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

if+Simple Present
If I graduate in march

S+Modal1(will)+inf.+O
I will take master degree in July.

2. PRESENT UNREAL
IF CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

if+Simple Past
If I graduated in March.
3. PAST UNREAL
IF CLAUSE
if+ Past Perfect
If I had graduated in
March.

S+Modal2(wouldl)+inf.+O
I would take master degree in July.

MAIN CLAUSE
S+Modal2(would)+have+V3+O
I would have taken master degree in July.

FACT
it is possible to happen.
I may graduate in March so I
may take master degree in July.
FACT
Simple Present
I don't graduate in March so I
can't take master degree in
July.
FACT
Simple Past
I couldn't take master degree in
July because I didn't graduate
in March.

Catatan:
1. Pernyataan dalam SUBJUNCTIVE dan CONDITIONAL SENTENCES selahu bertentangan
dengan fakta.
2. Perubahan-perubahan TENSES yang terjadi dalam SUBJUNCTIVE juga berlaku dalam
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
IF dalam IF CLAUSE dapat dihilangkan jika terdapat kata bantu SHOULD, WERE, dan HAD dalam
IF CLAUSE.
ex: If I had been rich - Had I been rich

22

GIVING DIRECTION
A: Excuse me, is there a computer store around here? (Permisi, apakah ada toko komputer di
sekitar sini?)
B: Yeah. There is one right across the street. (Iya, ada tepat di seberang jalan itu)
A: Can you tell me how to get to Monas? (Bisakah Anda menunjukkan jalan ke Monas?)
B: Sorry. I dont live around here. (Maaf, saya tidak tinggal sekitar sini)
A: Wheres Kartinis Garment Shop? (Dimana Toko Baju Kartini?)
B: It is on the corner of the street. Next to the post office. (Di sudut jalan itu. Disamping kantor
pos)
A: How do you get to cinema? (Bagaimana jalan menuju ke bioskop?)
B: Go straight down this street. Turn left when you get to Rambutan Street. Stay on Rambutan
Street for half a block. Its on the right hand side. (Lurus lewat jalan ini. Belok kiri ketika sampai
di Jl. Rambutan. Tetap di Jl. Rambutan sampai setengah blok. Di sebelah kanan itu bioskop)

(First,) go down this street (for . blocks).

(Then,) turn left/right at the traffic light.
(After that,) go straight on .. street until you get to the
(When you get to the ..,) turn left/right again.
(Then,) stay on Avenue for about yards/meters.
Its on your left, next to the .. You cant miss it!
English Expressions
Expression
Could you tell me how to get to
( the library)?
How do I find ( city hall)?
Which way do I go to get to
( the post office)?
Pardon me, I'm lost, how do I get to the
( museum)?
Could you direct me to ( I-10)?
Which is the best route to
( the stadium)?

Response
Go to the next light and turn right. Go two blocks, its
on the left.
Just go straight, its on this street, on the right, about a
mile and a half.
Drive to Jackson Street and turn right. The post office
is in the middle of the block, across from the park.
Go to the second light and turn left. Then go the third
stop sign. The museum is on that corner.
Take Pinal Avenue north about 8 miles Youll run into
it.
Take Washington Street north to the Papago freeway
and Head west. You cant miss it.

Asking about direction

To ask about directions use these questions:
How can I get to . . . from here?
How can I get to . . . ?
Can you show me the way to...?
Can you tell me how to get to . . . ?
Where is . . . ?
What's the best way to get to . . . ?
Giving directions
To give directions use these expressions:
Go straight on
Turn left/right
Take the first (turning) to the left/right.
Go past the restaurant/school...
The ... is beside/in front of/next to...the....

23

1. How to cook rice

You will need two cups of water, a cup of rice, salt and a pan with a lid. First, wash the rice in
cold water. Then, put the rice in the pan and add the water and the salt. Next, you heat the pan
without the lid on until the water boils. When it has boiled, turn down the heat, put the lid on
and cook it for about fifteen minutes.
2. How to Make Tomato Soup
To make a bowl of tomato soup, you must prepare all ingredients below:
4 large tomatoes
spices
1 small onion
teaspoon of salt
8 cups of water
teaspoon of pepper
small clove garlic

teaspoon of butter
Here are the steps to make a bowl of tomato soup:
1. Cut tomatoes, onions, and garlic into small pieces.
2. Fry them in a pan with butter for five minutes.
3. Add water, spices, salt and pepper.
4. Heat until the water boils.
5. Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook gently for one hour.

GRAMMAR ; COULD, WOULD, WILL

a. Gunakan WILL untuk mengekspresikan rencana atau prediksi yang AKAN
dilakukan/terjadi in the future, tetapi gunakan WOULD untuk mengekspresikan
rencana atau prediksi yang sudah in the past.
He will study math tonight. (Dia akan belajar matematika malam ini). CORRECT.
He will study math last night. (Dia akan belajar matematika tadi malam).
INCORRECT.
He would study math last night. (Dia akan belajar matematika tadi malam).
CORRECT
b. Dalam kalimat perintah (command) dan permintaan (request) lebih baik (lebih
sopan dan lebih formal) kalau digunakan COULD.
Could you please clean the floor? (Tolong kamu bersihkan lantainya).
Could I borrow your eraser please? (Dapatkah aku meminjam penghapusmu?).
c. can dan could. can memiliki arti dapat, kata kerja bantu ini digunakan untuk
menyatakan kemampuan untuk melakukan suatu aktifitas atau perbuatan.
contoh : I can speak english (saya dapat berbahasa inggris)
can you play badminton ? (dapatkah kamu bermain bulu tangkis?)
could merupakan bentuk lampau dari can fungsinya sama dengan can tapi untuk
bentuk lampau. selain itu juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
permintaan
contoh : I could play football when I was young (Saya dapat bermain saat saya
masih muda) Could you help me, please ? (dapatkah kamu membantuku ?)

24

INVITATION
Expression

Response A- Accept, D- Decline

Are you free on (... Friday night)?

A: Sure, what did you have in mind?

D: No, Im going to my grandmothers 80th birthday party.

Would you like to go to ( ... a picnic

on Sunday afternoon)?

A: That would be great, thanks.

D: No can do, I have a soccer game.

How about going to ( ... the movies

with me this Saturday)?
Id like to invite you to ( ... the dance
this weekend)?

A: That sounds great. What time?

D: Sorry, but Ive already made other plans.
A: How kind of you to ask, Id be delighted.
D: Im sorry, but I have a previous engagement.

Do you want to go to ( ... the rock

concert with me)?

A: Sure. When?
D: No thanks, loud concerts give me an earache.

Inviting:

Do you want to go to the movies tonight?

Would you like to go to the theatre tomorrow?
Would you be interested in going to the the stadium next Sunday?
How do you fancy going to the the restaurant for dinner?
How about going to the movies?
Care to come over for lunch?
I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a drink.
We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.

Accepting invitations:
Sure. What time?
I'd love to, thanks.
That's very kind of you, thanks.
That sounds lovely, thank you.
What a great idea, thank you.
Sure. When should I be there?
Declining invitations:
I can't. I have to work.
This evening is no good. I have an appointment.
I'm busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check* on that?
That's very kind of you, but actually I'm doing something else this afternoon.
Well, I'd love to, but I'm already going out to the restaurant.
I'm really sorry, but I've got something else on.
I really don't think I can - I'm supposed to be doing something else.

Dialogue:
Mike and Ann are in a wedding party:
Mike:
Do you want to dance?
Ann:
No thanks. I'm a bit tired right now
Mike:
How about having a drink?
Ann:
Sure, I'd love to!
25

26