W10 101 Morph2 Slides

LING101 LecA2 * *Lecture Slides from Nov 2 2006 ** Unit 4: Morphology ** Instructor: A.M.
Tessier
What kind of meaning in an affix?

My sister is very WARM
LING101 LecA2 * *Lecture Slides from Nov 2 2006 ** Unit 4: Morphology ** Instructor: A.M.Tessier
WARMing is fun!
Miswarm = warm incorrectly (V)
...unwarm
= not warm (A)
Prewarm = warm in advance (V)
warmish
= close to being warm

(A)
Unwarm = return to a not warm state (V)

warmable = able to be warmed (A)
warmness
warmly
= the property of being

warm (N)
= in a warm manner
(Adv)
Affixes that add lexical meaning to

their bases and often change
their bases lexical category are
called:
warmer = someone/thing that warms (N)

warmant = something that makes things
warm (N)
Root: adjective warm

unwarm (A)
warmish (A)
warmness (N)
warmly (Adv)
Root: verb warm
derivational affixes
miswarm (V)
prewarm (V)
unwarm (V)
warmable (A)
warmer (N)
warmant (N)
Words with more than

one root:
compounds
With the same lexical category,

whats describing what?
Nouns
Adjs
Verbs
How do we get the meaning of a

compound?
First, whats the lexical category?
V N
N
V
jump suit
spoon feed
scrub nurse
nose dive
N A
A N
sky blue
blue bird
nation wide
yellow jacket
And its recursive,

and its productive:
V
Jump suit dance

fire engine red hot
dropkick
oil well
deep blue breakdance
A
N
A
Blue bird blue
In English root+ derivational affix

OR English root+root (compound):
the right-hand member

decides the lexical category
and the meaning.
Tagalog:
tubig
water
ulan
rain
= rainwater
anak
child
araw
sun
= albino
Not in all languages, though.
Some reasons we are really sure

there ARE compounds:
1) differences in phonology
2) differences in meaning
1.Compounds get special stress:

green HOUSE
GREENhouse
wet SUIT
WETsuit
YEllow jacket BLACK board

yellow JACket black BOARD
2. Compounds can get special

meaning:
To be a
black BOARD
BLACK board
stg must
be a board
that is black
be a surface
you can write
on with chalk
Affixes that arent derivational:

Movies with Jimmy Stewart warm my heart
The Shop Around the Corner is a movie
that warmed hearts in the 1940s
Its a Wonderful Life warms my mother
heart every Christmas
Saw III is not warming hearts
Compounds whose meanings are

not a version of their rightmost
member:
x exocentric
redhead
sabertooth
redneck
bigfoot
walkman
Affixes that add grammaticalized

information are called inflectional
Grammatical info that inflection can add:
when a verb happens: warmed
how a verb happens:
warming
who does a verb:
he/she/it warms
how many nouns:
many hearts
Past tense of compound verbs:

I dropped the ball
I kicked the ball
I drop kicked the ball
*I dropped kick the ball
*I dropped kicked the ball
Plural of compound nouns:

In the US, the Bill of Rights allows
Canadians to be:
alien gun owners
*aliens gun owners
*alien guns owners
*aliens guns owners
even if you own many guns
This shirt is dry

This shirt was dried
This shirt was cleaned
This shirt was dry cleaned
*This shirt was dried cleaned
This batter always
hits fly balls
*Yesterday, this batter hit
several flew balls
And inflection treats exocentric

compounds as even more special:
wisdom teeth
saber tooths
maple leaves
Maple Leafs
(a kind of teeth)
(a kind of tiger)
(a kind of leaves)
(a kind of...
hockey team)
to the inflections:
compounds are just one word
LING101 LecB2 * *Lecture Slides from March 12-4 2007 ** Unit 4: Morphology ** Instructor: A.M.Tessier
Other ways of adding inflection

Indonesian
ora0
ora0 ora0
anak
anak anak
man
all sorts of men
child
all sorts of children
mango
ma0Ia
ma0Ia ma0Ia ( you say it)
A different kind of affix

Tagalog
bili buy
basa read
sulat write
binili bought
binasa read(past)
sinulat wrote
tawag call
tumawag
sulat
sumulat
gradwet graduate grumwadet
Adding inflection by copying part

or all of the basic form:
reduplication
An English hint of reduplication:
Nothing soy. I just want MILK milk
Dont put any radicchio in it, I just
want SALAD salad.
Affixes that occur within

another root:
reduplication
What is the rule for where to put
these Tagalog infixes?
Remember English expletive

infixation?

fan-fucking-tastic ("Terms of Endearment", 1983)

guaran-damn-tee (Southwest American slang)
ri-goddamn-diculous (attributed to a drunken John
Wayne, in an address to some quondam graduating cadets)

Some evidence from Wikipedia,

(Home of the C+ term paper):
Completely replacing basic forms to

add inflection
suppletion
Eng.
I:
am
you: are
she: is
they: are
French
suis
es
est
sont
hi-fucking-larious
abso-fraggin'-lutely (catch phrase of character John
Sheridan in the television show Babylon 5)
Ala-fucking-bama (My Cousin Vinny)
"You don't look like your average horti-fuckingculturalist" (Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels)
"The war in Viet-fucking-nam! (Forrest Gump)
"Cinder-fucking-rella (Pretty Woman)
abso-fucking-lutely
*ab-fucking-solutely
*absolut-fucking-ly
German
bin
bist
ist
sind

whats the rule?

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LING101 LecA2 * *Lecture Slides from Nov 2 2006 ** Unit 4: Morphology ** Instructor: A.M.

What kind of meaning in an affix?

= not warm (A)

Prewarm = warm in advance (V)

= close to being warm

Unwarm = return to a not warm state (V)

= the property of being

Affixes that add lexical meaning to

warmer = someone/thing that warms (N)

Root: adjective warm

Root: verb warm

Words with more than

With the same lexical category,

How do we get the meaning of a

And its recursive,

Jump suit dance

In English root+ derivational affix

the right-hand member

Not in all languages, though.

Some reasons we are really sure

1.Compounds get special stress:

YEllow jacket BLACK board

2. Compounds can get special

Affixes that arent derivational:

Compounds whose meanings are

Affixes that add grammaticalized

Past tense of compound verbs:

Plural of compound nouns:

This shirt is dry

And inflection treats exocentric

Other ways of adding inflection

A different kind of affix

Adding inflection by copying part

Affixes that occur within

Remember English expletive

fan-fucking-tastic ("Terms of Endearment", 1983)

Wayne, in an address to some quondam graduating cadets)

Some evidence from Wikipedia,

Completely replacing basic forms to

whats the rule?

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LING101 LecA2 * *Lecture Slides from Nov 2 2006 Unit 4: Morphology Instructor: A.M.