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Triaxial test
Young modulus
Poisson
Poissonss ratio
Shear strength (cohesion, angle of friction)
US wave propagation
detetecting of microcracks inside the specimen
estimation of strength
Other tests:
Density properties, porosity
Water content, water absorption
Leakingg test
Water
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
a) Stress-strain
Stress strain curve
b) Idealized stress-strain curve
(elastic-perfectly plastic)
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
Stress strain
curve for
brittle and for
ductile rock
material:
Rock samples after failure
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
Low stiffnes
ow strength
st e gt
Low
Brittle
(chalk)
Low stiffnes
Low strength
Ductile
((rock salt))
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
Characteristic stressstress
strain (s-e) curve
of well known
Hungarian rocks
COMPRESIVE STRENGTH
The compressive strength is not an intrinsic property.
I i i material
Intrinsic
i l properties
i do
d not depend
d
d on material
i l
geometry or the loading conditions used during the
test.
Because of it the height and diameter ratio of the
specimen is 2:1.
Size effect
Larger specimen has reduced compressive strength and
brittleness.
Shape effect
When the ratio of diameter to length increases both the
compressive strength and the ductility increases.
COMPRESIVE STRENGTH
Size effect
Shape effect
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
COMPRESIVE STRENGTH
The strength is the maximum stress that the rock can
sustain, after it is exceeded the rock may still have
some load-carrying capacity which called residual
strength.
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
DETERMINATION OF YOUNGS
MODULUS
The Youngs
Yo ngs modulus
mod l s (E) is defined as the ratio of stress
to strain.
It can be
b determined
d
i d in
i two ways:
Tangent modulus: by taking the slope of the stress
strain curve at a given point.
The given point is conventionally at a stress level
corresponding to 50% of the peak stress.
YOUNGS MODULUS
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
(Marinos&Hoek 2001)
F
F
Is 2
De 4 WD
LOADING CONDITIONS
(Hudson&Harrison 2007)
Determination
i i off the
h tensile
il strengthh [MPa]:
F: collapsing force [N]
d di
d:
diameter
t off the
th specimen
i
[mm]
[
]
h: height of the specimen [mm]
2 F
t
dh