Khmer Seminar

June 20, 2008

Reconsideration of the Limitation in
Copyright Law:
Possibility of a Japanese Version of Fair Use Doctrine
Prof. UENO Tatsuhiro
Associate Professor
Rikkyo University Graduate School of Law
Source: Copyright No.
No 560 12/2007,
12/2007 CRIC

Presentor: KORK Boren

M d
Moderator:
t SENG H
Hun
 Outline
Outline:
Introduction
I Point
I- P int att Iss
Issue
II- Conventional Theories: Strict Interpretation
III- Problems of the Strict Interpretation
A- Theoretical Problems
B- Practical Problems
IV- Roads towards solutions
A- Interpretation Theories
B- Legislation Theories
B
Questions for Discussion
Introduction:
Copyright Exclusive Rights Vs. Limitation
- Exclusive Rights:
* Economic Rights (Reproduction, Adaptation, Communication
of
f Works
W k tot the
th Public)
P bli )
* Moral Rights (Disclosure, Paternity, Integrity)
- Limitation:
Limit ti :
* Inherent Limits of Copyright (Fixed Term of Protection,
Requirement of Originality
Originality, Idea/Expression Dichotomy
Dichotomy,
Exhaustion of Rights)
* Limitation to Exclusive Rights
g (Exemptions,
p Compulsory
p y
Licenses, Mandatory Collective Administration of Authors’
Rights)
System of Limitation: Open Vs
Vs. Close
 I- Point at Issue:
- Structure of Provisions on Limitation to
Copyright in the Law of Japan (List-down
Style):
* Articles 30 to 49: Limitation to Economic Rights
* Articles 18(2-4),
( ), 19(2.3),
( ), 20(2):
( ) Limitation to Moral
Rights
- Conventional Theories – Precedents: Strict
Interpretation
- Solutions
Solut ons needed inn both interpretation
nterpretat on
theories and legislation theories
II- Conventional Theories:
- Authors’ Protection primarily emphasized
- Limitation as exceptional cases to the
grand principle of Author’s Protection
- Strict Interpretation of Provisions on
Limitation to Economic Rights
- Strict Interpretation of Provisions on
Limitation to Moral Rights (eg. Right to
Integrity)
g y)
III- Problems of the Strict
Interpretation
A- Theoretical Problems:
A
- Background of strict interpretation: Supremacy
of Authors’ Interests over Users’ Interests
- Current situation:
• Maturity of the Copyright System
• Development of Digital Technology and
Networks
- Rights of Authors and Users recognized by the
C
Constitution
tit ti as ffundamental
d t l rights
i ht
- Calling for Adjustment of fundamental rights of
both part
parties
es
3- Problems of the Strict
Interpretation
B- Practical Problems:
(1) Regarding Limitation to Economic Rights
a) Problems in Article 30 (Reproduction
p for Private
Use)
* Reproduction within the company
* Video
Vid Lib
Library
b) Problems in Article 31 (Reproduction in Libraries,
etc.)
tc.)
* A part of a work
* Web Archive
* Public
P bli Transmission
T i i
III- Problems of the Strict
Interpretation
B- Practical Problems:
(1) Regarding Limitation to Economic Rights
C) Problems in Article 32 (Quotations)
* Two condition-Theory
*RReconstruction
t ti of f requirements
i t ffor quotation
t ti
* Parody
* Net-Auction
N t A ti
d) Problems in Article 41 (Reporting of
currentt events)
t )
 III- Problems of the Strict
Interpretation
B- Practical Problems:
(1) Regarding
R di LiLimitation
i i to Economic
E i Ri
Rights
h
(e) Problems in Article 43 (Exploitation by means of
t nsl ti n adaptation,
translation, d pt ti n etc.)
tc )
* Musical arrangement for non-profit performance
* Summary quotation
* Private adaptation not accompanied by reproduction
((f)) Problems in Article 45 ((Exhibition of an artistic works,,
etc. by the owner of the original thereof) and Article 46
(Exploitation of an artistic works, etc. located in open
places)
III- Problems of the Strict
Interpretation
B- Practical Problems:
(1) Regarding Limitation to Economic Rights
(g) Problems in Article 49 (Use,
(Use etc.
etc of copies
for other purposes)
(h) Other Problems
* Net-display of photos of souvenir
* Search engine
* Research purpose
(2) Regarding Limitation to Moral Rights
IV- Roads towards solutions
A- Interpretation Theories
- B
Broadd iinterpretation
t t ti – Analogy
A l
interpretation
- Theory of substantial characteristics
p
- Implied authorization
- Abuse of right
- Others
IV- Roads towards solutions
B- Legislation Theories
- Revising the individual provisions
- Introducing
I d i the h generall clause:
l
* Fair Use Doctrine (purpose of use, nature of
underlying
y g work, amount and substantiality y of used
work,
k effect
ff upon potentiall market
k f for or value
l of f the
h
used work)
* Fair Use and Three Step-Test
p ((Certain special
p case,,
non-conflict with normal exploitation of the work, no
unreasonable prejudice on the legitimate interests of
the authors)
Questions for discussion:
- By using this article for presentation
today am I infringing Prof
today, Prof. Ueno or
CRIC’s copyright?
- What do you think about possibility
of an International Version of Fair
Use Doctrine?
 THANK YOU!!
Reference:
上野達弘 「著作権法における権利制限規定の再検
討 －日本版フェア。ユースの可能性ー」 コピライト
５６０号 ２頁（２００７年）。