BUDDHAYANA = HARMONI AKTIF

Today Menu
1. The World problem (session 1)
2. The World Buddhism (session 2)
3. Indonesian Buddhism (session 2)
4. Buddhayana, What we can do? (session 3)
5. Discussion (session 4)
SESSION 1
 1. THE WORLD PROBLEM
1.1 Financial Crisis/Krisis Keuangan
Global
1.2 Global Warming
1.3 Terrorism
BUDDHAYANA MENJAWAB TANTANGAN GLOBAL
MEMBENTUK PRIBADI MILITAN INKLUSIF/MILITAN BUDDHAYANA
CRISIS?
 WHY GLOBAL CRISIS?
MORAL CRISIS DRIVE THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND
THE GLOBAL WARMING

Graphic shows country-by-country response to the financial crisis and

changes in selected foreign stock market indexes.
 Financial and Food crisis

The other two drivers of the above were:

1. Overpopulation
2. Global warming, which was caused by
unusually high solar flare activity which, in
turn, gave rise to widespread droughts across
Oh my God! Lehmans Brothers the face of the planet. (Solar flares inhibit cloud
also collapsed formation).
How Sub-prime happened?
Not my Brother anymore!!!
The End of Capitalism as you can see !!!
Oh God, r U there?
The death of liberalism
 PERBEDAAN DOKTRIN
SABBE SATTA BHAVANTU SUKHITATA (SEMOGA
SEMUA MAHLUK BERBAHAGIA )
VS
PENUHILAH BUMI, KUASAILAH ISINYA. SEMUA
BINATANG YANG ADA DIMUKA BUMI DAPAT
DIKONSUMSI OLEH MANUSIA
 Observed changes

Global average
temperature

Global average
sea level

Northern hemisphere
snow cover
Ranges for predicted surface warming

year
Continued emissions would lead to further warming of 1.8ºC to 4ºC over the 21st century
 Global anthropogenic GHG emissions
Global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have
increased markedly as a result of human activities, with an increase
of 70% in 1970-2004

60
F-gases
50
N2O from agriculture &
others 40
CH4 from agriculture,
waste & energy 30
CO2 from deforestation, decay &
peat 20

CO2 from fossil fuel &

other sources
10

0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2004
 Challenges for agriculture
The growth in global daily availability of calories per capita:

 has not resolved food insecurity and malnutrition in

poor countries
 has increased pressure on the environment

During the last four decades, agricultural land gained almost 500 Mha from forests and
other land uses

 An additional 500 Mha is projected to be converted to

agriculture in 1997-2020, mostly in Latin America and Sub-
Saharan Africa
 GHG emissions from livestock production

 80% of emissions from agriculture

 18% of all greenhouse-gas emissions from human activities,

including:

 9% of CO2
 37% of CH4 - 23 times
the Global Warming Potential of CO2
over 100 years, 62 over 20 years
 65% of N2O - 296 times the GWP of CO2
over 100 yrs, 275 over 20 yrs

Source: FAO, 2006

 Proportion of GHG emissions from
different parts of livestock production

Source: The Lancet, 2007

 Energy cost of meat production

0.4 pounds
of CO2-eq

10 pounds of
CO2-eq, 25
times as much

Source: New York Times, 2008

 Impacts of livestock on land use
The livestock sector is by far the single largest anthropogenic user of land
 Livestock production accounts for 70% of all agricultural land and
30% of the world’s surface land area

70% of previous forested land in the Amazon is occupied by cattle pastures, and crops for
animal feed cover a large part of the remainder

20% pasture land is degraded because of overgrazing, compaction and

erosion

Source: FAO, 2006; Goodland R. et al,1999

 Other environmental impacts of livestock
Amount of water needed to produce 1 kg of:
 Maize………….. 900 L
 Rice……………. 3 000 L
 Chicken……….. 3 900 L
 Pork…………. 4 900 L
 Beef…………. 15 500 L

Livestock is responsible for 64% of ammonia emissions, which contribute to acid

rain

Livestock is among the largest sectoral source of land & water pollution with nitrates and
phosphorus from slurry and silage run-off and from the use of nitrogen fertilizer

Source: FAO, 2006; A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra 2004

 Impacts of livestock
on food availability
1/3 of the world’s cereal harvest and over 90% of soya is used for animal feed, despite inherent
inefficiencies:

 It takes <10 kg of animal feed to produce 1 kg of beef

 4 to 5.5 kg of grain to produce 1 kg of pork
 2.1 to 3 kg of grain to produce 1 kg of poultry meat

A farmer can feed up to 30 persons throughout the year on 1 hectare with vegetables, fruits,
cereals and vegetable fats

 If the same area is used for the production of eggs, milk or

meat, the number of persons fed varies from 5 to 10

Source: FAO, 2006; CAST 1999; B. Parmentier, 2007

 Health effects of meat
consumption
Consumption of red meat presents health risks, largely due to its saturated fat and
high-protein content:

 Some type of cancer

 Heart disease
 Type 2 diabetes
 Obesity
Animals tend to concentrate pesticides and other chemicals in their meat and milk.

The World Cancer Research Fund says: “Eat mostly foods of plant
origin.”

Source: The Lancet, 2007; World Cancer Research Fund, 2007

 World meat production (1950-2006)

In 2006, farmers produced 276 million tons of meat

 Five times as much as in the 1950s

Source: World Watch Institute, 2008

 Meat consumption per capita in kg per annum

Source: FAO, 2004

Expected trends in the livestock industry
Estimated doubling of global production of meat:
 229 million tons in 2001  465 Mt in 2050

Estimated near doubling of global dairy output:

 580 Mt in 2001  1043 Mt in 2050

Estimated growth in the number of farm animals used per year:

 60 billion in 2008  120 billion in 2050

Growth in meat consumption leads to growth in factory farming

 Over 50% pigs and around 75% poultry
are produced in industrial factory farms

Source: FAO, 2006, Compassion in World Farming, 2008

 The need for change in
consumption patterns
A reduction in the size of the livestock industry through reduced consumption is the most
effective way of cutting GHGs from animal production

 A person who lives 70 years as a vegan will prevent over 100

tons of CO2-eq

Change in consumption patterns will be required

to achieve a low-carbon & sustainable society

 An estimated 27% of the food available for consumption is

wasted in the US

Sources: University of Chicago, 2005; The New York Times, 2008

 Social
• Fresh water
• Energy consumption
• Disease
• Food productivity of
farmland
 Social: While millions starve…

It takes, on average, 28 calories of fossil fuel energy to produce 1 calorie of meat

protein for human consumption, [whereas] it takes only 3.3 calories of fossil-fuel energy
to produce 1 calorie of protein from grain for human consumption.
—David Pimentel, Cornell University

While 56 million acres of U.S. land are producing hay for livestock, only 4 million acres
are producing vegetables for human consumption.
—U.S. Department of Commerce, Census of Agriculture

A report from the International Water Management Institute, noting that 840 million of the world’s
people remain undernourished, recommends finding ways to produce more food using less water.
The report notes that it takes 550 liters of water to produce enough flour for one loaf of bread in
developing countries...but up to 7,000 liters of water to produce 100 grams of beef.
—UN Commission on Sustainable Development, 2004

The transition of world agriculture from food grain to feed grain represents a new form of
human evil, with consequences possibly far greater and longer lasting than any past
wrongdoing inflicted by men against their fellow human beings. Today, more
than 70 percent of the grain produced in the United States is fed to livestock, much of it to
cattle.
—Jeremy Rifkin, Los Angeles Times, 27 May 2002
 Anthropocentric Arguments
• Does meat-eating maximize human
happiness?

• No!

• There are serious costs:

– Environmental
– Social/Economic
– Nutritional
 Environment
• “the human appetite for animal flesh is a driving force
behind virtually every major category of environmental
damage now threatening the human future--”
Worldwatch 2004

– Deforestation
– Grassland destruction
– Waste
– Global warming
– Loss of biodiversity
 Environment
• “[T]he vast majority of grain harvested in the
U.S. is fed to farm animals. This wasteful and
inefficient practice has forced agribusiness to
exploit vast stretches of land. Forests,
wetlands, and other natural ecosystems and
wildlife habitats have been decimated and
turned into crop and grazing land. Scarce
fossil fuels, groundwater, and topsoil
resources which took millenium to develop
are now disappearing. Meanwhile, the
quantity of waste produced by farm animals
in the U.S. is more than 130 times greater
than that produced by humans. Agricultural
runoff has killed millions of fish, and is the
main reason why 60% of America's rivers and
streams are "impaired".”
 Environment
• According to the US EPA, livestock waste has polluted more than 27,000 miles of rivers
and contaminated ground-water in dozens of states. National Resources Defense
Council

• “In Central America, 40 percent of all the rainforests have been cleared or burned down
in the last 40 years, mostly for cattle pasture to feed the export market—often for U.S.
beef burgers.... Meat is too expensive for the poor in these beef-exporting countries,
yet in some cases cattle have ousted highly productive traditional agriculture.
John Revington in World Rainforest Report
 Why: health
DARI MANA DATANGNYA SARS, H1N1?
DARI TEMPAT YANG SELALU MENCARI SENSASI DARI
MENGKONSUMSI HEWAN2 ANEH DI GUANDONG, HONGKONG
One vegetarian day a week conforms to probably any set of health
objectives in the western world:
• More fruit and vegetables
• More fibre
• Less saturated fat
• Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, overweight,
cancer.
Ramalan temperatur
 In both financial and global warming
• Buddhism must contribute and take part to stop
the moral crisis
• Buddha teaching that aim to care and love for all
living beings (not only human beings)
• That Karmic law proven to be more realistic
against the “GOD” law.
• Now buddhism play the rule to overcome the
world sickness of hungry desire
• M. Ghandi “the earth can feed every one, but not
greedy one.”
 Langkah Esensi terhadap 2 krisis
tersebut
• Hidup berkesadaran
– Ajaran buddha mengajarkan kesederhanaan, ketidak
melekatan.
– Ajaran Buddha dari A-Z bercitarasa pembebasan
– Semua peristiwa alam tidak terlepas dari Hukum
hukum (niyama) bijaniyama, kammaniyama dll.
– Jadilah pribadi yg berkesadaran (mindfulness, eling,
sati) yang selalu menjadi suri tauladan di tengah2
masyarakat untuk memberikan contoh praktek hidup
berkesadaran yang menyelamatkan bumi dan
mengurangi keserakahan. Itulah sebabnya agama
Buddha begitu dikagumi oleh dunia barat saat ini.
 Anyone can go to Heaven – Just be
Good! Ajahn Bram, Dhammika
Nasehat Buddha adalah : Berbuat Kebajikan, Jauhi
Kejahatan, dan Sucikan Pikiran.
• Dalam kasus apapun, makan daging tiruan masih jauh lebih
baik dari makan daging binatang asli.
Nasehat Buddha :
“Semua makhluk mencintai kehidupan,
Semua makhluk mencintai kebahagiaan.
Dengan diri sendiri sebagai perbandingan,
kamu tidak seharusnya melukai atau membunuh,
Atau menyebabkan luka atau terbunuhnya makhluk lain.”
Dalam kasus apapun, makan daging tiruan masih jauh lebih
baik dari makan daging binatang asli.
 1.3 Terrorism

• Selalu ada kelompok dalam tiap

agama yang merasa paling benar
dan paling suci.
• Noordin M. Top brotherhood
• Hukum pendulum
• Inclusive militants/Militan inklusif
• Buddhayana is our solutions
Perang salib
 DOGMATIS VS EHIPASIKO
• COPERNICUS
• GALILEO GALILEI (DIPENGGAL)
• OPRAH WINFREY SUPPORT NEW AGE (THE
SECRET : THE LAW OF ATTRACTIONS)
• SUNNI VS SYIAH
• SYIAR/DAKWAH VS CONVERT DAN JATAH DI
SURGA
 DOGMATIS VS EHIPASIKO
• VEN. METTANANDO PhD (BIKU THAILAND, PENASEHAT
KHUSUS SEKJEN WCRP) LULUSAN OXFORD DAN HARVARD.
– MENGGUGAT DISKRIMINASI GENDER DALAM AGAMA BUDDHA
LEWAT BUKUNYA : WAS THE LORD BUDDHA A SEXIST?
– SANGAT MENYAYANGKAN DISKRIMINASI YANG ADA DI NEGARA2
THERAVADA TERHADAP WANITA DAN SANGHA BIKUNI.
– MENOLAK TEGAS, ISI TIPITAKA YANG MENYEBUTKAN SEJAK
SANGHA BIKUNI DIBENTUK MAKA AGAMA BUDDHA HANYA
AKAN BERTAHAN 500 TAHUN DAN TIDAK TERBUKTI.
– BANYAK HAL YANG BERTENTANGAN ANTARA WARNING
TERSEBUT DENGAN NASKAH2 TIPITAKA LAINNYA.
– SEPANJANG TIDAK ADA REFORMASI DALAM AGAMA BUDDHA
DAN TIPITAKA, AGAMA BUDDHA AKAN MENJADI RINTANGAN
DALAM MEWUJUDKAN DEMOKRASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN HAK
AZASI SERTA KEADILAN SOSIAL DI NEGARA2 INI.
 DOGMATIS VS EHIPASIKO
• VEN. DHAMMIKA (BHIKU AUSTRALIA, BUKU : THE
BROKEN BUDDHA)
– MENGUAK TABIR PRAKTEK DI NEGARA2 BUDDHIS YANG
BERTENTANGAN DENGAN AJARAN BUDDHA SENDIRI
– MENENTANG PENGGUNAAN JIMAT, KLENIK, ROKOK,
TATTOO DI KALANGAN BIKU2 DI NEGARA THERAVADA
KHUSUSNYA THAI
– MENENTANG DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP WANITA
– MENGUNGKAPKAN AGAMA BUDDHA YANG SEDANG SAKIT
DI NEGARA NEGARA BUDDHIS TERSEBUT DAN
MUNDURNYA AGAMA BUDDHA DI NEGARA2 BUDDHIS
– MENGAGUMI AGAMA BUDDHA DI INDONESIA,
MENSUPPORT GERAKAN2 NON SEKTARIAN