DIVERSIFICATION PRODUCTIVE MODEL: CASE PERU

Hctor Hurtado Bocanegra, Ulises Romn Concha, Luzmila Pr Concepcin, Percy De la Cruz Vlez de Villa

mathemathicas@hotmail.com, nromanc@unmsm.edu.pe, lproc@unmsm.edu.pe,

pdelacruzv@unmsm.edu.pe

Bellavista, March 05, 2015.

ABSTRACT
The Productive Diversification, developing the Institutions, aims to expand the range of
Products (Goods and Services), as is the case of Peru; to, preserve and improve
productivity, in order to sustain economic growth of the country. So, too, the Institutions
have in the Diversification of Production, a means to correct the internal deficiencies,
by integrating all production areas and articulated, institutional activities, akin to
achieve and consolidate, their economic expectations, the Institution in the near future.
Thus, the Institution is, for Productive Diversification various Associations, including its
production areas; for, direct and supervise the proposed objectives; additional, new
departments are created and reformed others, to ensure that the products have the
Quality and Innovation required, to enable them to venture into the operating markets.
Therefore, it is presented, the Productive Diversification
Model; for, support
Institutions, the effectiveness of its meetings and how, reaches the expected success,
by developing Associative Structures, avoiding dispersions (conflicts, empty, i.e.) that
lead to failure in the objectives; and, in the control of Leadership, Efficiency,
Effectiveness, Productivity and Quality, the members participating in the Associations
(Commissions, Councils, i.e..) formed, through Associative Networks, to simulate the
movements in real time, of the activities undertaken by all members, involved in the
Diversification of Production.
The Productive Diversification Model, is a mathematical tool, which is based on "The
Theory of the Associations" intelligent and qualitative mathematical definitions, such as:
the Topology, the Category and Algebraic Structures, on meetings and activities
(mathematics associations), to be performed productively, members (humans)
Diversification of Production, to achieve its success.
Keywords: Mathematical Association, Topology, Category, Associative Structure,
Algebraic Structure, Associative Network.

RESUMEN
La Diversificacin Productiva, que desarrollan las Instituciones, tiene por objetivo
ampliar la oferta de Productos (Bienes y Servicios), como es el caso del Per; para,
preservar y mejorar la productividad, en aras de sostener el crecimiento econmico del
pas. As, tambin, las Instituciones tienen en la Diversificacin Productiva, un medio
para corregir las deficiencias internas, al integrar todas sus reas productivas y
articular, sus actividades institucionales, afn de lograr sus expectativas econmicas y
consolidar, a la Institucin en el futuro prximo.
Es as, que la Institucin constituye, para la Diversificacin Productiva diversas
Asociaciones, entre sus reas productivas; para, encaminar y supervisar, los objetivos

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propuestos; adems, se generan nuevos departamentos y reforman otros, para lograr
que los Productos tengan la Calidad e Innovacin necesaria, que les permita
incursionar en los mercados operativos.
Por eso, es que presentamos, el Modelo de Diversificacin Productiva; para, apoyar a
las Instituciones, en la efectividad de sus reuniones y qu, llegue al xito esperado,
mediante la formulacin de Estructuras Asociativas, evitando las dispersiones
(conflictos, vacos, etc. ) que conducen al fracaso en los objetivos propuestos ; as
como, en el control del Liderazgo, Eficiencia, Eficacia, Productividad y Calidad, de los
miembros que participan en las Asociaciones (Comisiones, Consejos, etc.,) formadas,
a travs de las Redes Asociativas, para simular los movimientos en tiempo real, de las
actividades que realizan todos los integrantes, que participan en la Diversificacin
Productiva.
El Modelo de Diversificacin Productiva, es una herramienta matemtica, que se
fundamenta en La Teora de las Asociaciones y las definiciones matemticas
inteligentes cualitativas, cmo: la Topologa, la Categora y las Estructuras
Algebraicas, sobre las reuniones y las actividades (asociaciones matemticas), que
deben realizar productivamente, los miembros (seres humanos) de la Diversificacin
Productiva, para lograr el xito del mismo.

1.INTRODUCTION
The National Plan for Productive Diversification, presented on July 28, 2014, by the
President of the Republic of Peru, aims to expand the country's export supply, to
strengthen economic growth, which for the past 10 years It has maintained and what, is
imperative, for the high level of informality and high heterogeneity, between production
regions; and the limited productive diversity, among others, which endanger economic
growth, obtained until 2013 [5].
The National Plan for Productive Diversification, makes an interesting proposal, by the
swarm of ideas presented, such as: Permanent Multisectoral Commission for
Productive Diversification, made up of seven (07) of the Peruvian State Ministers and
(01), representative Business Associations; in addition, it is important, the presentation
of three Axes or Lines of Action, namely: Shaft N 1: Promoting Diversification of
Production, Shaft N 2: Adaptation of Regulations and Administrative Simplification and
Shaft N 3 : Productivity Growth [5 ], although I differ somewhat from the names given,
not without interest and other concepts presented in the Plan for Production
Diversification, which will be subsequently discussed, related to complete our
contribution, to the success of the project that urges it made, because the country
requires it.
In the V Peruvian Congress of Operations Research and Systems, held from 3 to
November 7, 2014, in the auditorium "Elle Dumbar", National Major University of San
Marcos, during the round table No. 1: "Productive Diversification Efficient", was stated
that: The absence of Structures in the National Plan of Productive Diversification,
threatening that, it is efficient and what, lest Innovative "; which, it was received by
conference attendees, highlighting its importance, for the productive development of
the country.
Thus, that, the Productive Diversification Model, for, the Permanent Multisectoral
Commission: Case Peru; which, it is described by formulas ensemblistic, such as

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meetings (associations) among the members of the Permanent Multisectoral
Commission, so that they are productive, avoiding (detect and predict) conflicts,
dispersions, gaps, i.e., and, control the Leadership, Effectiveness, Efficiency,
Productivity and Quality of its members with: Order, Logic, Management and
Exactness, Topologies and Categories, described in the Structural Associative Ring,
which is configured to, the Permanent Multisectoral Commission for Productive
Diversification.
Also, it presents an Associative Structure, which corresponds to Associative Planning
(Strategic), of the three (03) Axes or Lines of Action, which has been based National
Productive Diversification Plan [2] is presented; through a formula ensemblistic,
emanating be a Topology and Category, describing the Associative Structure: Abelian
Group; for, properly addressing, human activities in all three shafts and achieve, the
objectives proposed, in time.
Consequently, the Model of Productive Diversification, aims to show how you can build
Associative Structures, on human groups and Activities, that people do to achieve the
proposed objectives, with: Order, Logic, Management and Exactness, through the
"Theory of the Associations [2] and give, smart qualitative mathematical definitions
mentioned, designing Associative Networks; for, detect and predict: contingencies,
conflicts, dispersions, mistakes, accidents, i.e., and control: Leadership, Productivity,
Efficiency and Quality: In addition, Innovation, through the Associative Mesh, to migrate
Associative Structure, among other situations, which shall be described later.
2.- MATERIAL AND METHOD

Since, the National Plan of Productive Diversification, as a strategy envisages, the

creation, of: the Permanent Multisectoral Commission for Productive Diversification; as,
implementation, give: three (03) Major Axes, for, the takeoff of the national productive
sector, in the coming years; where, these, involve people, to integrate the Permanent
Multisectoral Commission and, perform activities that correspond to the three Main
Axes, to be developed over time [5].
However, the humans are different each other, by: Age, Sex, Education, Family,
Knowledge, Political Function, Laboral Function, i.e., and, considering that by
integrating the Permanent Multisectoral Commission or some Great Axes and why, to
meet in joint sessions, are forming a Set Class, in which all members interact with each
other, forming a Fuzzy Set, anytime where, complexity is frequent and recurrent, giving
rise to chaos at all times, that is, conflicts, gaps, errors, dispersions, accidents, loss of
opportunities, i.e.,, because it is not taken into account, the implied laws exist
associations (meetings), which through "The Theory of the Associations" [2] and the
Intelligent qualitative mathematical definitions, such as: Topology, the Category [1] and
Algebraic Structures [4], it is possible to identify through the diagram, Associative
Network, which will allow; detect and predict, Contingencies, Failures, Gaps, Conflicts,
i.e., and, control Leadership, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Productivity and Quality, of all
members, with: Order, Logic, Direction and Exactness [3 ].
Thus, that, Productive Diversification Model, presents the Associative Structure: RING
WITH IDENTITY or INTEGRAL DOMAIN (to the Theory of Associations, have the
same interpretation), for the Permanent Multisectoral Commission (CM), which means,

4
the existence two Nucleus ( Hub or Nodes) and consequently, two Binary Operations,
one generating an Abelian Group and the other, a Monoid, both have a Topology and
an implicit Category; in addition, two all different Empty Associations and two Universal
Associations, because the Permanent Multisectoral Committee, is chaired by the
Minister of Production (P) and therefore, is the main Nucleus and integrates the
President of the Council of Ministers (PCM), as a secondary Nucleus, for political office
representing investiture.

2.1 ASSOCIATIVE STRUCTURE: RING WITH IDENTITY (4), of the Permanent

Multisectoral Comission for Productive Diversification, Case: PER, is as follows:

CM: Multisectoral Commission;

P: Minister of Production
PCM: President of the Council of Ministers.
COM: Minister of Foreign Trade;
ECO: Minister of Economy and Finance.
E: Minister of Energy and Mines;
A: Minister of Agriculture
G: Representative Business Associations.
T: Minister of Transport. ;
The Associative Structure, is attached the formulas ensemblestic, with the respective
sessions, citing some activities that are required to perform; to avoid: Conflict, Empty,
among others, and control, in all Member: Leadership, Effectiveness, Productivity,
Efficiency and Quality, using a spreadsheet and indicators, calling the members, just
finished each session (meeting). The formulas ensemblestic of Associative Structures,
are as follows:

2.2 STRATIFICATION OF THE ASSOCIATIVE STRUCTURE

I.
E(CM,P)={
, {P}, {{P}, PCM}, {{{P}, CPM}, COM}, {{{P}, CPM}, ECO},

} [2]

It is an Associative Structure: Abelian Group, comprising Associations:

1. {P} - The Minister of Production (P), prepares the meetings
holding in the day, with: PCM, COM and ECO, which
means, review the objectives of the day and mad, the day
above.

2. {{P}, PCM} - The Minister of Production (P), meets with

PCM; to, review the objectives of the day and confirmed,
Activities and results, of: COM and ECO, the previous day,
as well as, projections of the day, which has previously been
submitted by virtual means, to their offices.
3. {{{P}, PCM}, COM} - Session, enter: P, PCM and COM, which is
directed by: P, in which PCM, has the task, ask
to: COM about the activities undertaken the previous day; for,
be collated, with which previously were referred
above day, by: E and A, as well as, those made by: COM.
Also, the planned activities of the day, for : COM,
E and A, after the meeting, P will evaluate : PCM and COM.

PCM
M
P
PCM
M
COM
P

4. {{{P}, PCM},ECO) - Session, enter: P, PCM and ECO, which is

directed by: P, in which PCM has the task, ask
to: ECO about the activities the previous day; for,
be collated, with which previously were referred
previous day, by: T and G, as well as, those made by; ECO.
Also, the planned activities of the day, both for: ECO,
T and G, after the meeting, valued at P: PCM and ECO.
5.

II.

CMP - Universal Association, which is set every two

weeks, to outline the strategy to perform, during the
fourteen days and revise, the proceedings in two weeks;
directed by: P, which is the moderator between PCM:
ECO and COM, and maintaining equidistant to avoid
empty.

E(CM, PCM)= {

PCM
M
ECO
ECO

PCM
M

, {PCM}, {{PCM}, P}, {{{PCM}. P}, {COM, ECO}},

It is an Associative Structure: Monoid, comprising, Associations:

COM

} [2]

6
6. {PCM} - The Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM)
prepares holding meetings three times a week,
he directs, with: P, COM and ECO, which means review
secondary objectives of the week and to practice, in the
next week.

the

PCM

7. {{PCM}, P} - The President of the Council of Ministers (PCM),

PCM
he meets with Minister of Production (P); to, establish
Objective of the proposed agreements with: COM and ECO, and in
three days of the week and confirm, the results of the week.

P
8. {{{PCM}, P}, {COM, ECO}} - Session, concluded between: PCM,
P, COM and ECO, set out three days a week; to, check out,
secondary objectives, of the National Plan of Diversification
Productive, that have been achieved and that, they be held in the
next week; still, P who asks what, corresponds to
P

ECO

PCM

COM

UCM.PCM - Universal Association, which articulates members:

PCM, P, COM and ECO, on the progress of the secondary objectives
and projections, the following week.

III.

E(CM,COM)={

, {COM}, {{COM}, E}, {{COM}, A},

} [2]

It is an Algebraic Structure: Abelian Group, comprising, the Associations:

9. {COM} - The Minister of Commerce: COM, prepares the

daily meetings, with: E and A, which means, review the
objectives for the day and made, the day before.

10. [{COM}, E} - The Minister of Commerce: COM, meets with

Energy Minister: E; to, confirm the information,
the day before, who they have been referred by virtual means
and the activities, to develop in the day, reviewing the proposed
objectives, at the end, the Association, COM must
evaluate: E.

COM

COM

11. {{COM}, A} - The Minister of Commerce: COM, meets with

Minister of Agriculture; A; to, confirm the information,
the day before, who they have been referred by virtual means
and activities, to develop in the day, reviewing the proposed
objectives. At the end, the Association, COM must
evaluate: A.

COM

A
12.

CM.COM - Universal Association, which articulates members:

COM, E and A, about the progress makes in two weeks
and the projection, of the objectives, for two weeks.

COM

E
IV.

E(CM,ECO)={

, {ECO}, {{ECO}, T}, {{ECO}. G},

} [2]

It is an Associative Structure. Abelian group, comprising, Associations:

13. {ECO} - The Minister of Economy and Finance: ECO, prepares
daily meetings with: T and G, which means, reviewing
Objectives of the day and made, the day before.

14. {{ECO}, T} - The Minister of Economy and Finance: ECO, meets

with the Minister of Transport, T; to, confirm the information
the day before, that have been timely submitted, by
virtual means and activities, to develop in the day,
reviewing the proposed objectives. At the end, the Association,
COM must evaluate T.

ECO

ECO

15. {{ECO}, G} - The Minister of Economy and Finance. ECO, meets

with the Representative of Employers' Associations: G; for,
confirm the information the day before, which have been
timely submitted, by virtual means and the
activities, to develop in the day, reviewing the objectives
proposed. At the end, the Association, COM must evaluate G.

16.

ECO

COM

- Universal Association, which articulates members:

ECO, T and G, about the progress makes in the two weeks
and projection, of the objectives, for the next two weeks.

CM.ECO

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Then, the Associative Structure, of the Permanent Multisectoral Commission
for Productive Diversification, presents: 4 Topologies, 4 Categories, 4 Binary
Operations, 4 Empty Associations, 4 Universal Associations and 4 Algebraic
Structures, which Integral Network, it is:

NOTE. For esthetic reasons, it is not possible to represent all the articulations, which
are seen in the dotted lines, in the Associative Structure; therefore, we left to the
reader, the hypothetical idea, that all intelligent articulations are represented.
Finally, the plenary session, which corresponds to what is usually done, regardless of
associative implications, correspond to the session 17, would be the Universal
Association of all its members, which could be related to that described Integral
Network, to realize the need to Structure the Permanent Multisectoral Commission and
thus, the success of the National Plan of Productive Diversification, a monthly meeting
is suggested and agenda, Objectives achieved in the past month and Projection, the
following month.

The National Productive Diversification Plan [5], also contains three main lines, for
takeoff of the national productive sector, in the coming years and what are the
following:

Shaft No. 1. Promoting Productive Diversification.

Objective: To expand the export basket of Economics.
Shaft No. 2. Adequac of Regulations and Administrative Simplification.
Objective: Increase profitability and investment, of the
enterprises by adapting the Regulations and
Simplification, of the procedures with the state
institutions.
Shaft No. 3. Productivity Expansion.
Objective: Increase Productivity, Economy and reduce
Heterogeneity.
where, the Strategic Planning, of the National Plan of Productive Diversification; it, has
to start with the Shaft N 3, to leverage the Shafts N 2 and N 1, respectively, that
corresponding to the Associative Structure: Abelian Group:

E(PA,3) = {

, { 3 }, { { 3 }, 2 }, { { 3 }, 1 },

} [2]

whose Associative Network, is the diagram:

3. NUMERICAL TESTS
For, Production Diversification Model: Case PERU, has been considered the following
diagrams:
3.1. TABLE NUMBER OF ASSOCIATIONS VERSUS OBJECTS, detailing in each
numbered Association N 1 to N 17, the Objects: P, PCM, COM, ECO, E, A, T and G,

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corresponding members of the, Permanent Multisectoral Commission of Productive
Diversification.
3.2.

TABLE OF OBJECT VERSUS OBJECT, indicating the number of times the

objects: P, PCM, COM, ECO, E, A, T and G, members of, The Permanent
Multisectoral Commission of the Diversification of Production, involved in 17
Stratification Associations, of: the Associative Structure - Ring with Identity.

3.3. TABLE OF SIMULATION, considering the 17 Associations,of: The Associative

Structure Stratification - Ring with Identity, has been partitioned into four (04)
Associative Categories:
. HIGHEST - are daily meetings or associations, Monday through Friday, to be
performed simultaneously, how:
N 1 N 9 and N 13
N 2 N 10 and N 14
N 11 and N 15
N 3
N 4
. HIGH - meetings or associations, which are held three days a week,
alternating and independent, how:
N 6
N 7
N 8
. LOW - meetings or association, every two weeks, preferably on Saturdays and
independent, how they perform:
N 5
N 12
N 16
. VERY LOW - meetings or associations, they must be performed once per
month and are, kind of information about the development, of the National Plan of
Productive Diversification and the projection, of the month following:
N 17
3. 4. TIME TABLE SIMULATION, allows us to quantify, the time required for the
Stratification of the Associative Structure: Ring with Identity, Productive Diversification
Model - Case PERU; whereas, in a first case the factor for five (5) minutes in, a second
case, the factor for ten (10) minutes, by session. Therefore, for an approximately 243
meetings (associations) monthly, it required 12 hours 35 minutes and 25 hours 10
minutes, by month respectively.

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3.1 TABLE OF NUMBER OF ASSOCIATIONS VS OBJECTS

Associations/
Objects

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

17

Total

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

PCM

COM

1 1

1 1

ECO

10

11

12

13

1
1
1

15

16

14

44

TOTAL

3.2 TABLE OF OBJECT VS OBJECTS

Objects /
Objects

PCM

COM

ECO

PCM

1
2

2
2

COM

ECO
TOTAL

Legend:
P: Production Minister
COM: Minister of Foreign Trade
E: Minister of Energy and Mines
T: Minister of Transport

PCM: President of Council of Ministers

ECO: Minister of Economy and Finance
A: Minister of Agriculture
G: Representatives of Business
Associations

(%)
18.18%
18.18%
18.18%
18.18%
6.82%
6.82%
6.82%
6.82%
100%

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3.3 SIMULATION TABLE BY CATEGORIES

Categoras

Muy Alta

10

N de
Asociacin
1, 2, 9, 10, 11,
13, 14, 15

PCM

COM

ECO

Factor

1
3

Alta

6, 7, 8

Baja

5,12,16

Muy Baja

17

17

Total

3.4 SIMULATION TABLE BY TIME

Categories Factor

Highest
High
Low
Very Low

3
1
1
3
2
3

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Number of
Monthly
Associations

15
5
5
15

75
25
25
45
30*

300
100
100
180
60
15
755

30
10
10
30

150
50
50
90
60*

600
200
200
360
120
30
1510

160
20
20
36
6
1
243

5 MINUTES

Total:

10 MINUTES

12 hours 35 min.

*Biweekly
Legend:
P: Production Minister
COM: Minister of Foreign Trade
E: Minister of Energy and Mines
T: Minister of Transport

Total:

25 hours 10 min.

PCM: President of Council of Ministers

ECO: Minister of Economy and Finance
A: Minister of Agriculture
G: Representatives of Business
Associations.

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4. RESULTS
The analysis, of Tables Productive Diversification Model, you can detach the following:
1. That, the number of basic meetings (assemblies, associations): 17; 243, are
performed monthly about.
2. The Associative Structure: Ring with Identity, has two (02) Principals Nucleus and
two (02) Secondary Nucleus; hence, the very high category, which corresponds to
perform 200 meetings, i.e., the 82.38% of total meetings.
3. To consider, as a factor of time: 5 minutes for meetings; we, will comparing, with the
time factor: 10 minutes, it is the most appropriate.
4. Is possible, to Detect and Predict, contingencies and conflicts (Empty) among the
members of the Permanent Multisectoral Commission, being targeted or specific
meetings.
5.The performance of each of the members, of the Permanent Multisectoral
Commission, it is possible to verify the Efficiency, Effectiveness, Productivity,
Leadership and Quality.
6. The Associative Structure: Ring with Identity, is flexible to expand the number of
objects (behavior, as a binary tree).
5 CONCLUSIONS
Productive Diversification Model: PERU Case, presents the Association Structure: Ring
with Identity, and that, has two Nucleus: P and PCM, with two Operations produced by
Nucleus; therefore, the Stratification Model of Productive Diversification, comprises 17
Associations or Meetings, categorized, like: VERY HIGH, HIGH, LOW and VERY LOW,
for the eight members of the Permanent Multisectoral Commission; where, the
following characteristics were observed:
- OPTIMIZATION OF TIME, although the Stratification of the Partnership Structure
It corresponds to 17 Associations, suggesting a longer time; however, it is not, because
they are made in some cases, simultaneously three- and two-Associations, in others,
biweekly or monthly; still, the simulation of five (05) minutes per meeting, as
appropriate, taking into account that the Associations are preprogrammed.
- AUDIT, the Stratification of the Associative Structure: Ring with Identity, to be specific
Associations, can, confirm the activities and the projection, of the actions to be taken,
the members of the Multisectoral Commission and thus, size: Leadership,
Effectiveness, Efficiency, Productivity and Quality, in each Association and thus,
averaging their results monthly.

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- DETECT AND PREDICT, empty (Contingency, Errors, Dispersions, Accidents,
Conflicts, i.e.), which are normally produced in an Universal Association, or Plena
Meeting, all members of the Permanent Multisectoral Commission of Productive
Diversification.
6 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Eilemberg Steenrod: Foundations of Algebraic Topology 1952
Hurtado Hctor: Principles of the Theory of the Associations 2013
Hurtado Hctor: Towards Mathematics Science 2010
Sze-Tsen-Hu: Element of Modern Algebra 1965.
National Plan of Productive Diversification: New Engines for development. Ministry
of Production. 2014, Lima - Peru. (www.produce.gob.pe).
{6} Deming W. Edwards, Quantity, Productivity and Competitiveness 1989.
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[4]
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